xfd|f x/]s sbdx? /fli6«o
:jfy{af6 k|]l/t x'g] ;F:s[tLsf] lasf; u/f}F .
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu
xlnof kl/rokq alu{s/0fd} ;d:of
laDa ;dfrf/
;/sf/n] xlnof
d'QmLsf] 3f]if0ff u/] kZrft xlnofx?sf] ca:yfsf] af/]df cWoog ul/ jlu{s/0f ub}{
kl/ro kq lbg' kg]{ eP klg 8f]6L lhNnfdf eg] jlu{s/0f ug]{ qmddf 7'nf] q'6L
ePsf] b]vLPsf] 5 .
alu{s/0fsf cfwf/df 3/ hUuf b'a}
gePsf xlnof kl/jf/nfO{ æsÆ ju{sf] kl/ro kq lbg' kg]{ xf] t/ xr'jf sf] e/df
ljt/0f stf{x?n] dgf]dfgL 9+uaf6 cfkm' v'zL dgrfx] kl/ro kq ljt/0f u/]sf] tYo
aflx/ cfPsf] xf] .
8f}8 uflj; g+= @ a}o0ffsf ho
axfb'/ e'nn] $% aif{ ;Dd dxfb]a:yfg ufla; j8f g+=( em'0ffsf t]haxfb'/ dNnsf]
xlnofsf] ?kdf sfd u/] . plg xfn dxfb]a:yfdf dNns} 3/df a:b} cfPsf 5g t/ pgsf]
gfd 3/ hldg 5}g . pgsf] kl/rokq
eg] ævÆ au{sf] 5 . xlnof d'QmLsf] 3f]if0ff kl5 plg dNnsf] 3/df sfd eg] ub}{gg\
.
dxfb]a:yfg ufla; j8f g+= *
sfF0fLsf %) alif{of afn' n'xf/ ;f]xL ufla; j8f g= ( e'm0ffsf wg axfb'/
/f]sfofsf] 3/df !$ aif{sf] pd]/ b]vL xlnofsf] ?kdf sfd ub}{ cfP . @)^% df
xlnofsf] d'QmL ;+u} d'Qm t eP t/ pgsf] gfddf 3/ hUuf s]xL klg 5}g pgn] ævÆ
au{sf] kl/ro kq k|fKt u/]sf 5g .
o:t} krgfnL ufla; j8f g= ^ sf
s[i0faxfb'/ la=s=sf] 3/ hldg 5}g . pgn] æ3Æ au{sf] kl/ro kq k|fKt u/]sf 5g .
o:t} ;f]xL ufla;s} gGgf ;'gf/sf] klg 3/ hldg 5}g pgsf] kl/ro kq klg æ3Æ au{sf]
/x]sf] 5 .
xlnofd'QmLsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] nfdf] ;do kl5 xlnof k'gM:yfkgfsf] sfd ;'? eP ;+u} kl/ro kq
lat/0f / xlnofx?sf] sfdsf] alu{s/0f yflnPsf] lyof] . kl/ro ljt/0fsf nfuL lgZrLt
lgodx? eP klg 3/ hUuf gePsfx?n] kfPsf] kl/ro kq g} km/s b]vLP kl5 kl/ro kq
ljt/0f ubf{ xr'jfsf] e/df ljt/0f ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft x'G5 . xlnofx?sf] alu{s/0f
ubf{ p;sf] plrt d'Nofªsg / cWoog gul/ alu{s/0f ubf{ o:tf] ePsf] xf] .
8f}8 ufla; j8f g=@ a}o0ffsf ho
axfb'/ e'n cfO{tjf/ cfkm'nfO{ k/]sf] dfsf{sf] ;+Djf]wg ul/ dfUg lhNnf dfnkf]t
sfof{no 8f]6Ldf k'u]sf lyP . dfnkf]t
sfof{nod} e]l6osf] e'nn] laDa ;fKTfflxs
nfO{ eg] ælhNnfaf6 uPsf] 6f]nLn] ltdL sxfF a:5f} < eg]/ ;f]Wof] d}n] 3/df
eg]/ hjfkm lbPF . s:sf] 3/ eg]/ pxfFx?n] dnfO{ ;f]Wg' ePg d csf{sf] 3/df a:5'
eGg' k5{ eGg] dnfO{ klg yfxf ePg .Æ To;df yKb} pgn] eg] æca d dflnssf] xlnof
klg 5}g pxfFn] 3/af6 hfp eGb} x'g'x'G5 . sxfF hfg] 3/ hldg b'a} 5}g . xlnof
a;]/} ;a} lhag laTg yfnL ;Sof] cGtdf ;/sf/n] g} xfd|f] d'QmL eGb} larNnL unf{
h:tf] 5 .Æ
kl/ro kq alu{s/0fdf tndfyL
k/]sfn] lgs} ;d:of ePsf] d'Qm dlxnf ;fdfh 8f]6LsL cWoIf l;tf la=s=n] atfO{g
pgn] elgg\ ædnfO{ ^) hgf d'Qm xlnofx?n] kl/ro kq a'em\b}gf} eg]/ lkmtf{ u/]sf
5g lautdf ePsf q[6Lx?nfO{ ;Rofpb} c3f8L a9g h?/L 5 .Æ
alu{s/0fdf ;d:of ePsf]n] kl/ro
kq lat/0f ug]{ sfo{bnsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{ / ToxfFaf6 cfaZos lg0f{o lng
;lsg] lhNnf dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Lsf dfnkf]t clws[t cf/fd laqmd zfxfn] atfP .
dflnssf] 3/df xlnof a;]sfx?nfO{
;/sfn] @)^% ;fndf d'QmLsf] 3f]if0ff ;+u} d'Qm t u¥of] t/ plgx?sf nfuL To; kl5sf
lbgx? emg si6 k|bfos aGb} uPsf 5g . ;/sf/n] dflnssf] bf;Tjaf6 d'Qm u/]sf] eP
klg pgLx?sf] ufF; afF;sf] ;d:ofaf6 eg] d'Qm ug{ ;s]g kmn:j?k l:ylt emg gfh's
aGb} uPsf] 5 . plgx?sf] xlnof eGg] lrgf/L dfq km]l/Psf] 5 sfd eg] km]l/Psf] 5}g
cem} klg d'Qm xlnofx? xnf] hf]Tb} vnf]vfg] u/]sf 5g . dxfb]a– :yfgsf afn' n'xf/
eG5g ægfd km]l/Psf] 5 sfd km]l/Psf] 5}g km/s oQL xf] lxhf] Ps hgfsf] sfd uYof}{
cfh w]/}sf] sfd u5f}{ lng] lbg] tl/sf k'/fg} xf] .Æ
;/sf/sf] bfO{Tj eg]sf]
xlnofx?sf] d'QmL ug'{ dfq} xf]O{g plgx?sf] Goflos k'g/:yfkgf ug'{ d'Vo bfO{Tj
xf] .
;Dkfblso
;'s'Daf;L ;d:of / cfof]u
;/sf/n] o;k6s klg
;'s'Daf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u u7g u/]sf] 5 . kmn:j?k lhNnf–lhNnfx?df dfG5]x?sf]
le8 k|z:t} b]Vg kfO{G5 . 8f]6L lhNnfsf] ;'s'Daf;L cfof]usf] sfof{nodf /flt bz
ah] ;Dd klg lga]bg a'emfpg]x?sf] le8 lyof] . Pdfn]sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]sf]
e"ld;'wf/ dGqfnon] s]Gb|df Pp6f / &@ j6f lhNnfdf lhNnf:t/sf cfof]u u7g
u/L sfo{ cf/De ul/;s]sf] eP klg o;af/] ;Qf?9 u7aGwgsf cGo bn c;xdt b]lvG5g\
cfof]u u7gsf laifodf d'Vo u/L ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj u/L /fv]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|]; k'0f{?kdf c;xdt 5 . u7aGwgnfO{ l6sfpg
k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnfn] o;nfO{ e+u ug{ g;s]sf] eP klg nfvfF} e"ldxLg /
TolQs} ;+Vofdf /x]sf cJojl:yt a;f]af;L;Fu hf]l8Psf] cfof]usf] sfof{b]znfO{
Pdfn]sf] dfq} kxn b]lvg] sfd x'g glbg sf+Uf|]; leq} klg rsf]{ bafa 5 .
/fli6«o sfo{;"rLdf /x]sf] / e"ld
pkof]u;DaGwL bL3{sfnLg gLlt;Fu ufFl;Psf] o:tf] cfof]u ;+ljwfg;efn] gofF
;+ljwfg hf/L ug'{cl3 u7g ug'{
cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvGg . olb u7g eOxfn]sf] v08df klg o;nfO{ ;a} bn, e"ld
clwsf/sf If]]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yfsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutfdf dfq u7g ul/g'kYof]{ . t/,
Pdfn]n] /fhgLlts kmfObf lng] pb\b]Zon] cfof]u u7g u/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] sf+u|];
o;nfO} h;/L klg c;kmn kfg' k5{ eGg] dgl:ytLdf /x]sf] p;sf ultaLwLaf6 k|:6tf
x'G5 . o;}aLr lhNnf:t/sf cfof]un] c:tL sflt{s #) ut];Dddf ;a} lhNnfsf ;'s'Daf;L,
P]nfgL k|lt hUuf sdfO/x]sf of To:tf] 7fpF cf]u6]/ a;f]af; ul//x]sf ;a}n] lhNnf
cfof]udf lgj]bg btf{ u/fpg] sfd ;lsPsf] 5 . 8f]6L lhNnfdf klg cfof]usf] sfof{no
tyf lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf 7'n} le8 b]Vg kfO{GYof] . 8f]6Ldf klg /ftL !) ah] ;Dd a;]/ cfa]bg lnPsf] ;'s'Daf;L
;d:of ;dfwfg lhNnf ;ldtL 8f]6Lsf cWoIf t]h af]u6Ln] laDa ;fKtflxsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbP .
klxnf] s'/f t of] cfof]un] hldg
gx'g]hlt ;a}nfO{ ;'s'Daf;Lsf ?kdf kl/eflift u/]/ uNtL u/]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf
;'s'Daf;L e"ld;Fu ufFl;P/ pTkfbg sfo{df nfu]sf] t/ cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf s'g}
klg hUuf hldg gePsf] ls;fgnfO{ dfq eGg ldN5 . afFsL ;x/L of cw{;x/L If]]qdf
a;]/ ahf/df >d laqmL u/L hLljsf ug]{, t/ cfjf;sf] Joj:yf gePsf of ug{ g;Sg]
x}l;otsf kl/jf/ ;'s'Daf;L xf]Ogg\, cfjf;ljxLg dfq x'g\ . pgLx?nfO{ /fHon] hldg
lbg] xf]Og, a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf ldnfOlbg] dfq xf] . hf] ;fj{hlgs k|lt of P]nfgL
hldgdf a;f]af; u5{ / cflys{ ?kn] ;DkGg 5, To;nfO{ ;'s'Daf;L cfof]usf]
sfof{b]zaf6 aflx/} /fVg' cfjZos 5 . To;nfO{ gu/kflnsf of uflj;n] a;f]af;
Joj:yfkg ug]{, s/ lng] / vf; ;dokl5 p;sf] 3/
/fHosf] x'g] u/L sfg'g agfpg'k5{ .
h;n] jiff}F b]lv h+un kmfF8]/, of k'Vof}{nL ;DklQsf ?kdf c+zdf kfP/ hldg
hf]lt/x]sf] 5 / pm ls;fg xf] eg] To:tf] hldg p;sf gfddf btf{ ul/lbg'k5{ .
;+/rgfut ?kd} e"ldsf] :jfldTjaf6 jl~rt
agfOPsf dw]; / kxf8sf blnt, r]kfª, df´L d';x/ / af]6]x?, /fhL, ;f]gfxf of ;Gyfn
/ bg'jf/ of u'7Lsf sf/0f a/afb ePsfx?sf xsdf cfof]unfO{ s]lGb|t ug'{ cfjZos
b]lvG5 . a? o:tf] hldg p;sf] ;Gtfgdf xs x:tfGt/0f gx'g] u/L lbg ;lsG5 . tfls
kl5 ls;fg k];fdf ;+nUg /x]sf] cj:yfdf dfq} p;sf ;Gtfgdf x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;lsof];\
. clxn]sf] ;'s'Daf;L cfof]un] h'g ;Ldf tf]s]/ sfof{b]z agfPsf] 5, Tof] jf:tljs
;'s'Daf;L / ls;fgsf] eGbf k};fjfn t/ P]nfgL ktL{ hldg ef]urng ug]{ / 3/ of
pb\of]u rnfpg]n] kmfObf lng] vfnsf] 5 .
To;f] gxf]; xfd|f] sfdgf 5 .
cGo ;dfrf/
hf]/fon a; b'3{6gf
b'3{6gfsf] sf/0f dflns / rfns – lk8Lt
@( hgfsf] Hofg
hfg] u/L 8f]6Lsf] 5ltjg ufla; j8f g+=
% s7kQ]df ePsf] a; b'3{6gfdf k/L Hofg u'dfpg]sf cfkmGtx?n] ufl8sf ;fx' /
rfnsnfO{ st{Ao Hofg d'4f ;lxt s8f eGbf s8f ;hfosf] dfu u/]sf 5 .
;f]daf/ hf]/fon ;/f]sf/ ;+3{if
;ldtLn] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no l;nu9L 8f]6Ldf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L nf]sgfy
kf}8\ofnnfO{ 1fkg kq a'emfpFb} pQm dfu
u/]sf x'g .
b'3{6gfdf rfns la/]Gb| ;fx' /
;f8L dflns 8Dd/ ;fx'sf] nfk/jflxsf sf/0fn] b'3{6gf ePsf] eGb} plgx?n] cfqmf]z
AoQm u/]sf 5g . b'3{6gfaf6 cfkm\gf bfh' u'dfPsf v8s v8fotn] eg] æ b'3{6gf
plgx?n] hfghfg u/fosf x'g ofq'x?n] uf8Lsf] ca:yf l7s 5}g ot} /f]Sg' xf]; xfdL
lx8]/ hfG5f}F eGbf klg plgx?n]
/f]s]g , lhksf ofq'x?nfO{ ;d]t a;df /fv], lhkdf tkfO{x?sf] O{;G;'/]G;
x'Fb}g d]/f] a;df tkfO{sf] Ps nfv ladf x'G5 d/] klg Ps Ps nfv kfpF5f} eg]sf lyP
/] Û Ifdtf eGbf t]Aa/ ofq' xfn], a;sf rfnsn] ;d]t a;sf] ca:yf l7s 5}g eGbf klg ;fx'n] ha/h:tL rnfpg eg]sf sf/0f
b'3{6gf ePsf] xf] To; sf/0f bf]zL plgx? x'g s8f eGbf s8f sfjf{xL x'g k5{ .Æ
;du| hf]/fonsf] k|ltgLwLTj ub}{
lhNnf k|zf;gdf k'u]sf] hf]/fon ;/f]sf/ ;+3{if ;ldtLn] d[tssf kl/jf/nfO{ ladf
/sd / ls|of vr{ lbg' kg]{ , d[ts kl/jf/sf Ps hgf ;b:onfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] Aoa:yf
ul/g' kg]{, jfnjfnLsfnfO{ lgz'Ns pRr lzIff tyf hgxL !) nfv ?k}Fof Ps d':6 pknAw
u/fpg' kg]{ . 3fO{t]x?sf] oyf;So pkrf/ u/L ckfË ePsfnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] Aoa:yf
u/Lg' kg]{ dfu /fv]sf lyP .
a'8/ b]vL hf]/fon ;8s v08 /
lakLgu/ ;xhk'/ ;8s v08df a; ;~rfng x'g glbg] lg0f{o kl5 To; If]qsf hgtfdf
k/]sf] ;d:ofsf laifodf ;d]t 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . pQm k|;+udf k|lhc kf}8\ofnn]
eg] æ hj ;Dd dfglao uNtL afx]s b'3{6gf x'Gg eGg] x'G5 To; kl5 dfq} a; ;+rfng
u/f}F csf]{ aif{ ;8ssf] :t/ pGgtL u/f}F / a; ;+rfng u/f}F .Æ
dge/L cfqmf]z / lk8f lno/ lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{no k'u]sf nIdLgu/ ufla; j8f g+= @ sf tf/f l;+ s8fotn] eg] æ d}n] a;
/f]s eGbf eGb} /f]s]g /f]sfpgsf nfuL s/
u/L /x]sf] lyP a; b'3{6gf eof] >LdtLsf] :ju]{ eof] d]/f] >LdtLsf]
d[To'sf] sf/0f eg]sf] uf8L dflns 8Dd/
;fx' xf] d}n] l;8Lof] ;fjnfO{ eg] cfh $# lbg k'Uof] $% lbg ;Dd klg bf]zLnfO{
lgoGq0fdf glnosf] v08df d :jod To;sf] 3/ hfG5' To; kl5 s]–s] x'G5 ÛÆ k|lhc kf}8\ofnn] tTsfn uf8L dflns 8Dd/
;fx'nfO{ klg k|x/L lgoGqdf /fVg
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf lyP .
1fkg kqdf Ps bh{h dfu? /flvPsf lyP . dfudf ¥ofkn]
sfd ubf{ ;8s lgdf0f{df lgotLttf ePsf] eGb} vr{sf] laa/0f ;fa{hlgs u/Lg' kg]{ ,
a'8/– hf]/fon ;8s v08sf] :t/ pGgtL ub}{ lkr ul/g' kg{] nufotsf dfux? /fv]sf 5g
. ;+3{if ;ldtLn] /fv]s]sf dfux? ;s/fTds
/x]sfn] kxndf nfuL cfkm' nfUg] k|lhcn] atfP . ;+3{if ;ldtLsf] g]t[Tj Pdfn]
lhNnf pkfWoIf ;d]t /x]sf b'uf{
cf]emfn] u/]sf lyP
k|:tfjgf n]vg tyf n]vf Aoa:yfkg tflnd
;Grfng
;dfh ;]jf 8f]6L, / jN8{ lehg
O{G6/g]zgn, g]kfnsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;+rflnt jfn :jf:Yo clxNo} cleofg cGt{ut g]kfn
;/sf/n] lnPsf] ;x>fJbL lasf; nIosf] a'bf g+ $ df /x]sf] p4]ZonfO{ k"/f ug{
jN8{ lehg O{G6/g]zgn, g]kfnn]] cl3 ;f/]sf] cawf/0f xf] .
ljZjJofkL k}/jL cleofg cleofgM
h'g % jif{ d'gLsf jfnjflnsfsf] /f]Sg ;lsg] d[To'af6 arfpg] vf; ;jfndf s]Gb|Lt 5
h'g ;g @)!@ af6 8f]6L lhNnfdf nfu' ePsf] xf] . cleofgstf{x?sf] k|:tfjgf n]vg
tyf n]vf Joa:Yffkg ;DaGwL Ifdtf clea[l4 ul/ jfn :jf:Yo cleofgsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ lbuf] ?k lbgsf ;fy} ;+:yfut lasf; ;DaGwL Joaxf/Ls 1fg k|bfg ug]{
p4]Zon] jfn :jf:Yo clxNo} cleofgdf cleofgstf{{x?nfO{ k|:tfjgf n]vg tyf n]vf
Joa:yfkg ;DaGwL ltg lbg] klxnf]r/0fdf afemssfgL, dxfb]j:yfg / bxsflnsf:yfg /
bf];|f] r/0f nfldvfn, 5kfnL / lul/rf}sf
uf=lj=;sf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] .
sflt{s @^ ut] b]lv d+l;/ @ ut] ;Dd ;dfh ;]jf l;nu8L, 8f]6Lsf] gofF ejg 5fpgLdf
;+rfng u/L d+unjf/ ;DkGg x'g] cfof]hsn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g . ;xefuL dWo blnt
dlxnfx? $ hgf, u}/ blnt dlxnfx? !^ hgf, blnt k'?ifx? $ hgf, u}/ blnt k'?ifx? !#
hgf u/L hDdf #* / l;=Pr=Pg sf sd{rf/L,
;dfh ;]jf sfo{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?, jN8{ lehg
OG6/g]zgn g]kfn, 8f]6Lsf Pn=lk=P Dofg]h/, l;=Pr=Pg 8f]6L s}nfnL ;+of]hs
nufot $& hgf sf] ;lqmo ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] .
;dfh ;]jf, 8f]6Lsf cWoIf ;'lgn 3tL{sf] cWoIftf, jN8{
lehg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn, 8f]6L Pn=lk=P=sf Pn=lk=P Dofg]h/ h]= la=af]x/fsf] k|d'v
cflyTotf tyf ;dfh ;]jf, 8f]6Lsf dxf;lrj
x]d s]=;L= ,l;=Pr=Pg 8f]6L s}nfnL ;+of]hs /ljGb| nfld5fg]sf] cfltYotfdf
sfo{qmdsf cWoIf / k|d'v cflyTfLaf6 Aofg/ em08f]nf]Qg u/]/ pQm tflndsf] cf}Fkrf/Ls ?kdf z'?jft u/L ljlwjt ?kdf ;d'b\3f6g ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf]
;xhLs/0f jN8{ lehgsf /a]Gb| nfdL5fg] n] u/]sf lyP eg] ;+rfng ;dfh ;]jf, 8f]6Lsf
l;=Pr=Pg lhNnf ;+of]hs /fdrGb| hf]zLn]ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .pQmtflnddf ;+:yf, ;+u7gsf] af/]df k|i6 kfb}{ ;+:yf u7g,
;+:yf btf{ k|s[of, ;+:yf kl/rfng ->f]t Joj:yfkg / kl/rfng_,;+:yfsf] lbuf]kgf
h:tf dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx? hfgsf/L
lbO{Psf] tflnddf ;xefuLx?n] atfP .
d'n's 4Gbdf km:g] vt/f k|r08
dfcf]jfbL o'4sf]
pbud ynf] /f]Nkfsf] e|d0f ;s] nuQ}
;'b"/klZrdsf] s}nfnL k'u]sf k|d'v k|ltkIfL bn Plss[t g]skf dfcf]afbLsf
cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08n] sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf sf/0f ;lawfg gaGg] vt/f a9]sf]
atfP . klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+l3otf kIfw/ @@ bnn] s}nfnLsf] wgu9Ldf ePsf] cfd ;efnfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ wgu9L k'u]sf k|rG8n] zlgjf/ laxfg cQl/ofdf cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf
af]Nb} ;Qfwf/L bnx?sf sf/0f d'n's
ax'cfoflds 4G4df km:g] vt/f /x]sf]
atfPsf 5g .
cWoIf k|r08n] Pdfn] / sf+u|];n] lautsf ;a}
;Demf}tf nTofpb} c3L ;f/]sf] k|:tfan]
d'n's yk ;+s6 tkm{ uPsf] atfP . pgn] eg] æsf+u|]; / Pdfn]n] c+uul0ftsf] lx;fjdf
ax'dt 5f}F eGb} ;dfg'kflts, lautdf ePsf zflGt ;Demf}tf / Gofo k|df0fLdf ePsf]
;xdltnfO{ nTofpg] sfd u/]sfn] d'n's b'3{6gf tkm{ hfb}5 To;n] gt b]zsf] gt sf+u|];
/ Pdfn]sf] lxt u5{ .Æ
k"j{ k|wfgdGqL ;d]t
/xg'ePsf g]tf k|r08n] df3 * d} ;lawfg hf/L x'g'kg{]df cfkm' k|lta4 /x]sf] ePkgL
l:ytL lau|b} uPsf] k|:6fpb}+ zfGtL ;Demf}tf tf]8\g] k|of; u/LP To;n] b]znfO{
7'nf] IftL x'g] 7f]s'jf ub}{ pgn] eg] æ pxfFx?n] Nofpg' ePsf] k|:tfa ;Rrfpg]
eGbf klg kqmLofdf nu]/ 6'ªUofpg vf]Hb} 5g To;n] ubf{ l:ytL lau|Lb} uPsf] 5 .
d}n] sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf g]tfx?nfO{ kfFr
lbg ;xdtLsf nfuL yk k|of; u/f}F eg]sf] 5' .
pxfFx? ;xdtL eGbf klg kqmLofdf a9L hf]8 ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .Æ
bf];|f] ;+lawfg ;efdf t];|f]
bnsf] ?kdf /x]sf] Plss[t dfcf]jfbLn] kl5Nnf] ;do klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+l3otf kIfw/
;+u sfo{ut Pstf ug{' afWotf xf] <
eGg] kqsf/sf] lh1f;fdf g]tf k|r08n] Tof] afWotf geO{ af:tlastf ePsf] hfgsf/L
lbP . pgn] eg] db]z cfGbf]ng / xfd|f] P]h]08f w/} xb ;Dd ldN5 To;}n] xfdL
;+lawfg ;ef / ;+lawfg ;ef aflx/ klg Pstf ;fy c3f9L a9\b} u/]sf 5f}F
;Djfb ;ldtLdf ;Qfwf/L bnx?n] k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj
lautdf ul/Psf ;xdtL , ;dhbf/L, cGt/Ld ;++lawfg lat/Lt 5 To;n] ubf{ b]z
ax'cfoflds 4G4df hfg] vt/f /x]sf] 5 . k|r08 @@ blno df]rf{n] s}nfnLsf]
3gu9Ldf u/]sf] cfd;efnfO{ ;Daf]bg
ug{ dw]zL hgflwsf/L kmf]/dsf cWoIf laho s'df/ uR5bf/ nufotsf g]tfx?nfO{ ;fydf
lnP/ s}nfnL k'u]sf x'g .
Pdfcf]jfbLn] b]z 4Gbdf ws]Nof]–cf]nL
g]skf Pdfn]sf cWoIf
s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ c;kmn kfb}{ ;Qf sAhf
ug]{ /0fgLltdf nfu]sf] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] Pdfcf]jfbLsf] /0fgLltnfO{ ;kmn x'g
glbg] klg atfP . pgn] Pdfcf]jfbLsf sf/0f d'n's 4G4sf] lbzf tkm{ u}/x]sf] atfP .
´fkfsf] eb|k'/ ljdfg:yndf
;f]daf/ kqsf/;+u s'/f ub}{ cf]nLn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn]
cj/f]w x6fpg ;Qf kIf nfluk/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP .
…;+ljwfg;efnfO{ c;kmn agfP/
;Ttf sAhf ug]{ Pdfcf]jfbL /0fgLltnfO{ c;kmn agfP/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf ;d]6\g]
gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ sf+u|]; Pdfn] k|lta4 5g\,Ú cf]nLn] eg] .
Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08 / ;+jfb ;ldltsf ;efklt 8f= afa'/fd
e6\6/fO{n] Pdfcf]jfbsf] ljrf/ nfb]/ ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf hgtfsf df´df nfg l9nf]
u/]sf]] cf]nLn] cf/f]k nufP .
…;+jfb ;ldltsf ;efklt b]z /
hgtfsf] x'g g;Sg' b'ef{Uo xf],Ú cf]nLn] eg], …Pdfcf]jfbL g]t[Tj hgtfsf]
k|ltlglwTj lal;P{/ ;Dk|bfosf] g]t[Tj ug{ vf]Hbf b]z 4G4lt/ 9NsLof] .Ú
nf]stGq dfG5' eGg] Pdfcf]jfbLn] k|qmLofnfO{ dflGbg
eg]/ cnf]stflGqs Jojxf/ b]vfPsf] cf]nLn] l6Kk0fL u/] . pgn] eg], …Pdfcf]jfbLsf]
pb\b08 rl/qn] hgtfsf] clwsf/
;'/lIft x'Fb}g . cWoIf s]kL zdf{ cf]nL Pdfcf]jfbLsf la?4 s8f 9+uaf6 k|:t't x'g]
g]tfsf] ?kdf lrgLG5g .
;~rf/sld{;+u ;'cfxf/fsf]
cled"lvs/0f
cd]l/sL cGt/fli6«o
ljsf; lgof]u -o'P;P8_ sf] ;xof]udf g]kfn ;/sf/;+usf] ;fem]bf/Ldf z'? ePsf]
Plss[t kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;'cfxf/fn] 8f]6L lhNnfdf lqmoflzn ;+rf/sld{x? ;+u cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd lhNnf ;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf
;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
ue{jtL dlxnf tyf b'O{ jif{
d'gLsf afnaflnsf / cfdfsf] kf]if0fsf] l:ytLdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;~rflnt o;
kl/of]hgfnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;~rf/ dfWodn] 7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng] ePsfn] ;~rf/
dfWod;Fu ;dGjo dxTjk'0f{ /x]sf] ;'cfxf/f 8f]6Lsf lhNnf ;+of]hs ch{'g cof{nn]
atfP .
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{}
k|d"v cltyL v8\sfn] 8f]6Lsf] O{ltxf;df kf]if0fsf nflu 7"nf] sfo{qmdsf
?kdf ;'cfxf/f /x]sfn] r'gf}lt / cj;/ b'j}
/x]sf] atfP .
sfo{qmddf ;'cfxf/fsf ljleGg
ljifodf 5'6\6f5'6\6} k|:t'tL ;d]t
/flvPsf] lyof] . 8f]6L lhNnfsf] kf]if0fsf] l:ytLaf/] lhNnf c:ktfn
8f]6Lsf kf]if0f ;DaGwL kmf]sn k;{g s]z/ ;fpFbn] k|:t'lts/0f u/]sf lyP . ;fpbsf cg';f/
8f]6Ldf @ jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfsf] a[l4 cg'udgsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ cyf{t !* k|ltzt
dfq} /x]sf] 5 . hGd]b]lv @ jif{;Dddf slDtdf @$ k6s a[l4 cg'udg ul/g'kg{] eP klg
Tof] gkfO{Psf] atfO{Psf] 5 . To:t}
cfO{/g rSsL k|of]u ug{] k|;'tL dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf ;d]t 36\bf] cj:yfdf
/x]sf] k|:t'tLdf hgfO{Psf] lyof] . cf=j=@)^*÷^( df (^, cf=j= @)^(÷&) df !))
/ @)&)÷&! df 36]/ ^& k|ltztdf k'u]sf] 5 . t/ cfO{/g rSsL ;]jg ug{] dlxnfx?n] ;a} -@%)
j6f_ rSsL vfg] dlxnfsf] ;+Vof eg] /fd|f] cyf{t *@ k|ltzt /x]sf] atfO{Psf] 5 .
To:t}cf=j= @)&)÷&! sf] tYofª\s cg';f/ h'sfsf] cf}ifwL k|of]ustf{x?
%& k|ltzt dfq} /x]sf] 5 . le6fldg VjfO{Psf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+Vof eg]
pT;fxhgs /x]sf] atfO{Psf] 5 .
h;df ut cf=j= @)&)÷&! df @^ xhf/ $ ;o
#& hgfnfO{ le6fldg v'jfpg] nIf /x]sf]df @* xhf/ % ;o !& hgf afnafnLsfn]
le6fldg vfPsf] tYofª\s /x]sf] 5 .;'cfxf/f sfo{qmd 8f]6L lhNnfe/L g} s[lif,
vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf, :jf:Yo ;]jf k|a4{g, n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;dfj]zLs/0f
;fdflhs kl/rfng tyf :yflgo zf;g / ;fdflhs tyf Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf If]qdf sfo{/t /x]sf] 5 .
:jf:Yo tyf kf]if0f ;DaGwL 3/fo;L Jojxf/ ;'wf/ ug{], dlxnf tyf afnafnLsfsf]
kf]if0f / u'0f:tl/o :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr a[l4 ug{], dlxnf tyf pgsf kl/jf/df ljleGg yl/sf kf]lifnf vfg]
s'/fx?sf] k|of]u a[l4 ug{] / kf]if0fdf sfo{ ug{] ;/sf/L tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf
;F:yfx?;Fu ;dGjo a9fpg] p4]Zon] ;+rf/sld{ ;+u cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] cfof]hsx?n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g .
;d lasf; s]Gb| g]kfnsf] cWoIfdf kl/of/
;d lasf; s]Gb|
g]kfn -O{l8;L_sf] cWoIfdf s]za kl/of/ rog ePsf 5g . æ;dtf d'ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f xfd|f]
cleofg dfgj clwsf/ ;dflhs Gofo z';f;g tyf ;dflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nfuL ;d lasf; s]Gb|
g]kfnÆ eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy z'qmaf/ lhNnf
;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf ;'? ePsf] !&cf}F ;fwf/0f;ef Pa+ dxflwa]zgn]
s]za kl/of/sf] g]t[Tjdf !) ;b:o ;lxtsf]
gofF sfo{ ;ldtL rog u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] lawfg cg';f/ !! ;b:o ;lxtsf] sfo{ ;ldtL
eP klg Ps hgf hghftLsf tkm{af6 x'g] k|ltgLwLnfO{ sfo{ ;ldtLn]g} dgf]lgt ug]{
ePsfn] dxflwa]zgaf6 !) ;b:oLo sfo{ ;ldtL u7g ul/Psf] dxf;lrj ldng kl/of/n]
hfgsf/L lbP .
sfo{ ;ldtLsf cGo kbx?df pkfWoIf
/a]Gb| jfurg , dxf;lrj ldng kl/of/, ;lrj zf]gL kl/of/, sf]iffWoIf cld/ ;f]a,
;b:ox?df la/axfb'/ dxQ/f -ckfË_, laqmd s]=;L= -o'jf_, kbd ldhf/ -blnt_, l;tf u}/] -dlxnf_, snf kl/of/
-dlxnf_sf tkm{af6 rog ePsf] dxf;lrj
kl/of/n] hfgs/L lbP .
z'qmaf/ pb\3f6g ePsf] dxflwa]zg
zlgjf/ aGb;q ;'? ePsf] lyof] . aGb;qdf ;+:yfsf] ;+fu7lgs k|lta]bg, cfly{s k|ult
k|lta]bg , eflj lgtL tyf sfo{qmd kfl/t
ul/Psf] lyof] . ;d lasf; s]Gb| g]kfnsf s}nfnL zfvfsf cWoIf cd[t la=;L=,
bfr'{nf zfvf cWoIf l;df ;f]gfd / afh'/f zfvf pkfWoIf l;tf la=s=n] zfvfx?sf
k|ult k|lta]bg k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
;+:yfsf k'a{ cWoIf clw/fh la=;L=n] ;j{;xdt ?kdf rog ePsf]
s]za kl/of/sf] sfo{ ;ldtLnfO{
a3fO{ tyf ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbPsf lyP .
;d lasf; s]Gb| g]kfn laut nfdf] ;do b]vL blntsf xs clwsf/sf laifo
tyf ;dfhdf /x]sf laWodfg s'l/tL
5fpk9L, n}ËLs lx+;fsf laifodf sfd ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} vfB , ul/jL
lgjf/0f unfPtsf If]qdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] ;+:yf xf] . ;:yfsf] lasf;sf nfuL
lg/Gt/ nfuL /xg] cWoIf s]za kl/of/n] atfP . kl/of/ o; eGbf klxnf klg ;+:yfsf]
cWoIfsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfnL ;s]sf 5g .
lgn lx/f ;dfh klxnf] k6s 8f]6Ldf
lgn lx/f ;dfh
g]kfn klxnf] k6s 8f]6L lhNnfdf k'u]sf] 5
. of}lgs tyf n}lËs cNk;+Vosf nflu sfd ug]{ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf kl/ro agfPsf] ;+:yfn]
8f]6L lhNnfdf klxnf] k6s u}/;/sf/L ;F:yfsf k|d'v , kqsf/ / /fhg}lts bnsf
g]tfx?sf] pkl:ytLdf Ps cGt/qmLof sfo{qmd u/]sf] 5 .
laz]if ul/ t];|f] lnËLx?sf nfuL
sfd ug]{ u/]sf] pQm ;F:yfn] 8f]6L lhNnfdf klg t];|f] lnËLx?sf] ;+Vof w/} ePsf]
eP klg v'n]/ cfpg]x?sf] ;+Vof eg] cToGt Go"g dfqfdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf]
5 .
8f]6L lhNnfdf klg #^ hgf To:tf
AoQmLx? cfkm\gf] ;Dks{df /x]sf] t];|f] lnËL 8f}8 ufla; j8f g= (sf
cfkm'nfO{ lbbL lbns'df/L atfpg rfxfg] gf/bn] eg] æ xfd|f] k~rsGof xf]6n eGg] lyof]
ToxfF xfdL e]6g] u/]sf lyof}F To; avt klg xfdL #^ hgf ;Dks{df lyof}F t/ sf]xL
vf;} v'Ng rfxfb}g lyP ;dfh / 3/kl/jf/sf sf/0fn] .Æ
lnglx/f ;dfh sf7df08f}sL
s]lGb|o lgb]{zs b'uf{ yfkfn] t];|f] lnËL ePsf AoQmLx?n] v'Ng ;Sg] vfnsf] ;xh
jftfa/0f agfO{ lbg cfu|x ul/g . pgn] elgg\ æd h:tf w/} ;fyLx? v'Nf ;s]sf 5}g
pxfFx? v'Ng g;Sg eg]sf] slxF st} kSs} klg ;d:of 5 eGg] xf] xf]O{g eg] cfkm\gf]
klxrfg b]vfpg s:nfO{ s] ;d:of x'G5 / < To;}n] To;af6 d'QmL lbgsf nfuL tkfO{
xfdL ;a}n] ;s/fTds ;f]rsf] lasf;
ug{ h?/L 5 .Æ
sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n] lnË klxrfg ubf{ cGosf]
7fpFdf t];|f] lnËL eGg] pNn]v ug{
;/sf/nfO{ bjfa lbg' kg]{ atfP . cGo eGbf plgx?sf] klxrfg k|:6 x'g g;Sg]
ePsfn] t];|f] lnËL eg]/ :k:6 pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ atfPsf x'g .
t];|f] lnËL ePsf AoQmLx?nfO{ cem} klg ;dfhdf xg]{ b[i6Ldf kl/jt{g gePsfn] v'Ng g;s]sf]
ca:yf 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;dlnËL lajfxfnfO{ sfg'lg dfGotf glbPsf] eP klg ;+u} a:g
kfpg] ePsfn] vf;} ;d:of gePsf] eP klg cGo d'n'sx?df t];|f] lnËLx?sf] ;d:of lgs}
bb{gfs /x]sf] 5 .lhNndf ePsf] t];|f]lnËLx? ;+ul7t eP ;fy lbg tof/ /x]sf]
sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n] atfP .
rnlrq tyf dgf]/~hg
cfnf]snfO{ ;D´Lb} efa's algg\ gd|tf
cfkm'nfO{ rnlrq
If]qdf nfUg k|]/0ff lbg] lgb]{zsnfO{ ;+l´b} ubf{ gflosf gd|tf >]i7 efj's
algg\ . cfsfztkm{ kms{b} pgn] :jluo{ lgb]{zs cfnf]s g]DjfªnfO{ hxfF /x]klg v'zL
/xg elgg\ . gd|tfn] o;f] eGb} ubf{ pgsf cfFvfx? /;fPsf lyP .
gd|tfnfO{ cfnf]sn] g} rnlrq
If]qdf cfpg ´s´sfPsf x'g\ . gd|tfn] elgg\, …d of] If]]qdf cfpg g} rfxGgYo . t/,
…;fgf] ;+;f/Úsf] syf ;'gfpFb} cfnf]s bfOn] dnfO{ otf tfGg'eof] . cfh d hxfF 5',
pxfFs} sf/0fn] 5' .Ú
g]kfn rnlrq k|fljlws ;+3n]
cfnf]ssf] lgwg ePsf] !! lbgdf >4f~hnL sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] . rnlrq
k|fljlws ;+3sf cWoIf dgf]h s];Ln] cfnf]s cfkm'x?sf nflu ;w} g} ljz]if /x]sfn]
pgnfO{ ;+l´Psf] atfP . s];Ln] eg], ;f]N6L xf]6ndf xfdLn] cjf8{ ug]{ tof/L ub}{
ubf{ cfnf]s hLn] Ps jrgd} xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ /fhL x'g'ePsf] lyof] . o;kl5 klg
pxfF xfd|f nflu ;w} ;xof]uL x'g'eof] .
>4fGhnL sfo{qmddf af]Nb}
cfnf]ssf legfh' ljho nfdfn] pgsf] lgwgsf af/]df s'g} klg l/kf]6{ gcfO;s]sfn]
cfTdxTof gelglbg cfUf|x u/] . k|x/L /
kf]i6df6{dsf] l/kf]6{ b'a} cfPkl5 ;fj{hlgs ug]{ nfdfsf] ts{ 5 . nfdfn] olta]nf
cfkm'x? lgSs} zf]sdf /x]sf] eGb} k'i6L g} gePsf] s'/f ldl8ofdf cfpFbf ´g} rf]6
k'Ug] atfP .
cfnf]sn] lgb]{zg u/]sf] clGtd
rnlrq c´} klg ls lgdf{qL k'gd uf}tdn] pgL;+u sfd ug{ lgSs} ;xh ePsf] atfOg\ .
k'gdn] cfnf]ssf] clGtd sf]z]nLnfO{ cfkm"x?n] pgs} rfxgf cg';f/ bz{s;Dd
k'of{pg] atfOg\ .
>4f~hnL sfo{qmddf g]kfn
rnlrq lgb]{zs ;dfhsf cWoIf ;'dg bfxfn, Pkm8Lsf k|d'v k|lbks'df/ pbo nufotn]
cfnf]ssf] JoSltTjsf] af/]df af]n]sf lyP .
g]kfnL rnlrq If]qdf lgb]{zs
cfnf]sn] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] ;a} rnlrqsdL{x?n] k|z+;f u/]sf lyP . pgsf] lgwgn]
g]kfnL rnlrq If]qn] 7'nf] IftL Aoxf]/]sf] plgx?sf] egfO{ /x]sf] lyof] .
6]«n/ eGbf lkmNd /fd|f] lgb]{zs
* aif{{sf lgb]{zs
;f}uft lai6n] bz{ssf] ljZjf; lhTg ;fj{hlgs rnlrq ne o' afafsf] 6«]n/d} rnlrq
/fd|f] ag]sf] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . d+l;/ @^
ut]af6 k|bz{gdf cfpg nfu]sf] of] rnlrqnfO{ * aif{{sf ;f}uftn] lgb]{zg u/]kl5
ljleGg vfnsf rrf{ ahf/df e}/x]sf 5g\ .
s;}n] * aif{{sf] afnsn] s;/L
rnlrq lgb]{zg u5{ eg]sf 5g\ eg] s;}n] /fd|f] sfd eg]/ awfO{ lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
rnlrqsf] ;fj{hlgs gofF k|rf/ ;fdfu|Ldf afa' / 5f]/Lsf] dfof, k|]d / sd]8L
kf6f]nfO{ b]vfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 . 8fG; km]a/sf] k|:t'tLdf tof/ ePsf] of] rnlrqdf
ulht lai6, ;+ud lai6, lgidf l3ld/], clzidf gsdL{, lgd{n zdf{ nufotsf snfsf/n]
clego u/]sf 5g\ . cfdf gePsL Ps
5f]/LnfO{ afa'n] lbg] dfofdf rnlrq 3'd]sf] 5 . ef/tdf Ps afnsn] klg o;
eGbf c3L Ps rnlrq lgb]{zg u/]sf lyP . g]kfnsf ;f}uftn] pgnfO{ pl5Gb} gofF /]s8{
agfpg] tof/L u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] lgb]{zg u/]sf] rnlrq s:tf] x'g] 5 Tof] xg]{
jfFsLg} 5 .
ko{6g tyf v]n ;dfrf/
aiff{n] g]kfnnfO{ 3f6f uof]{
g]kfn >Ln+sf
sDafOg !! lj?4sf] bf];|f] 8] v]ndf cfOtaf/ lht glhs k'u]/ klg To;af6 jlGrt x'g'k/]sf] 5 . jiff{n] g]kfnsf] bf];|f]
Olgª; c;Dej ePkl5 l6d cefUozfnL /x]sf] xf] . bfDa'nfdf jiff{n] nGrkl5sf] v]n
;Dej ePg . g]kfnn] lhtsf nflu ^$ /gsf] nIo kfPsf] lyof] .
t]:f|f] lbgsf] v]n >Ln+sfn]
Ps ljs]6 u'dfP/ !) /gaf6 v]Ng ;'?
u/]sf] lyof] / k"/f l6d ($ /g dfq agfP/ cncfp6 eof] . >Ln+sfnL
l6dnfO{ ;:tf]df ;d]6\g s/0f s];L / ;f]dkfn sfdLn] dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf v]n] .
s/0f k'/f v]ndf b; ljs]6 lnPsf ;f]dkfn æDofg ckm
b DofrÆ eP . >Ln+sfsf tkm{af6 bf];|f] Olgª;df lnofg klt/gfn] ;jf{lws #! /g
agfP/ g6 cfp6 /x] . o:t} ho/Tg]n] @% /g hf]8] . ca ;a} Aof6\;Dofg g]kfnL
an/;fd' bafadf /x] .
g]kfnn] cfkmgf] klxnf] Olgª;df
! ;o (# /g agfP/ >Ln+sfdfly #! /gsf] cu|tf lnPsf] lyof] . >Ln+sfn] klxn]
Aofl6ª ub}{ ! ;o ^@ /g agfPsf] lyof] . g]kfn klxnf] ly|8]df k/flht /x]sf] lyof]
. >Ln+sf e|d0fdf /x]sf] g]kfnn] ca xªsªlj?4 jfg–8] / 6\jfG6L 6\jfG6Lsf]
l;l/h v]Ng]5 .
g]kfnn] v]n lhTg]df 9'Ss ePsf g]kfnL bz{sx?
aiff{sf sf/0f k/flht x'g k/] kl5 lg/fz ag]sf lyP .
g]kfnsf] ck/flht ofqf sfod}
t];|f] dlxnf ;fkm
RofDlkogl;k k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfn ;d'x ljh]tf aGb} t];|f] k6s ;]ldkmfOgndf k|j]z
u/]sf] 5.
O:nfdfafbl:yt lhGgf /+uzfnfdf
;f]daf/ ePsf] ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] >LnªsfnfO{ #–) uf]ncGt/n] k/flht
ub}{ ;d"x aLsf] ljh]tfsf] ?kdf t];|f]
:/f]k6s
;]ldkmfOgndf k|j]z u/]sf] xf] . o;cl3 ;g\ @)!) df aªunfb]zdf ePsf] klxnf] ;fkm
RofDlkogl;kdf g]kfnn] aªunfb]znfO{ #–) uf]ncGt/n] k/flht ub}{ ;]ldkmfOgndf
k|j]z u/]sf] lyof] eg] ;g\ @)!@ >Lnªsfdf ePsf] bf]:f|f] ;fkm RoflDkogl;kdf
klg g]kfnn] >LnªsfnfO{ g} #–) uf]ncGt/n] x/fpFb} ;]ldkmfOgndf k|j]z u/]sf]
lyof] .
g]kfnsf] lhtdf lg? yfkfn] Ps
uf]n ul/g eg] cg' nfdfn] b'O{ uf]n
ul/g\ . lg?n] v]nsf] klxnf] xfkmsf] !^ cf}F ldg]6df uf]n ub}{ g]kfnnfO{
klxnf] cu|tf lbnfOg\ . cg' nfdfn] k|xf/
u/]sf] l/afpG8 annfO{ lg?n] ;b'kof]u ub}{ uf]n ug{ ;kmn eOg\ .
k|ltof]lutfsf] klxnf] xfkm;Dd
Ps z"Gon] cufl8 /xsf] g]kfn bf];|f] xfkmdf b'O{ uf]n yKof] . v]nsf] %$
cf}F ldg]6df sKtfg nfdfn] k]gfN6Ldfkm{t Ps uf]n ul/g\ . >LnªsfsL v]nf8Ln]
kmN6 u/]kl5 g]kfnn] k]gfN6L kfPsf]
lyof] .
To:t}, v]nsf] *% cf}F ldg]6df
ozf]wf nfdfsf] qm;kf;df sKtfg nfdfn] k'gM Ps uf]n ylkg\ . hf/L k|ltof]lutfdf
pgn] kfFr uf]n u/]sL l5g\ eg]
cGt/fli6«o uf]n ;ªVof pgsf] ## k'u]sf] 5
.
v]nkl5 g]kfnsf d'Vo k|lzIfs
s'df/ s6jfnn] cfhsf] v]ndf ;f]r]cg'?ksf] glthf cfPsf] atfpFb} ;]ldkmfOgn pTs[i6
v]n k|b{zg ug]{ atfP .
/fv]kåf/f cGt/fli6«o kbs ljh]tf
k'/:s[t
/fli6«o v]ns'b
kl/ifb\ -/fv]k_ n] ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutf ;xeflu eO{ kbs lhTg ;kmn
v]nf8LnfO{ k|f]T;fxg :j?ksf] k'/:sf/ /sd afF8]sf] 5 .
/fv]k ;b:o ;lrj o'j/fh nfdfn]
;f]daf/ Ps ;df/f]xsfaLr cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! :j0f{kbs lhTg] @*
v]nf8LnfO{ hgxL cf7 xhf/ cf7 ;o ?k}ofF afF8] . o:t}, /ht lhTg] %( v]nf8LnfO{
kfFr xhf/ kfFr ;o tyf sf:o kbs lhTg] &( hgfnfO{ hgxL b'O{ xhf/ kfFr ;o
?k}ofF afFl8Psf] 5 . kl/ifb\n] Ps JolQm Ps kbssf] cjwf/0ff eGb} ;f] cflys{
jif{df ;ft nfv ^* xhf/ rf/ ;o ?k}ofF
afF8]sf] xf] .
k'/:sf/ ljt/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;b:o–;lrj
nfdfn] k'/:sf/nfO{ k|tLssf ?kdf lng cfu|x ub}{ s'g}klg cGt/f{li6«o
k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'Fbf kms]{/ cfPkl5 ;DalGwt ;+3n] kbs lht]sf v]nf8Lsf]
gfd;lxt /fv]kcGtu{tsf] v]ns'b ljsf; ljefu dfkm{t tYofª\s zfvfdf k|ltj]bg
a'emfpg] kl/kf6L a;fNg' kg]{ atfP .
n]v
kms]{/ x]bf{ ;'b"/klZrdsf] ofqf
s]kL cgdf]n
88]Nw'/faf6 8f]6L
cfOk'u]sf lyof}+, / l;nu9Ldf /x]sf PkmPd, /]l8of]sf ;fyLx?;+u laxfg Psl5g
e]63f6 ug{ eg]/ To;tkm{ hfFb} lyof}+ . l;nu9L ahf/sf] ;fF3'/f] uNnL x'b} hfFb}+
ubf{ z}n]Zj/L dlGb/ glhs} oL dlxnf e]l6Og, tn ahf/ emb}{ lyOg . sfvdf ;fgf] gfgL
b]v], Tof] klg df5f dfg]{ hfnn] 5f]k]sf] cj:yfdf .
Tof] b[io b]v]/ tkfO{ crDddf
gkg'{;, of] jfnssf] ;'/Iff sjr /x]5 plgx?sf] a'emfOdf . t/ d]/f] dgdf rln/x]sf]
v'Nb'nLn] l;df gf3\of] / lbbLeGb} af]nfP .
pxfF /f]lsg' eof] . d}n] xfthf]8\b} gd:t] u/] clgkmf]6f] lng] cg'dlt
dfu] / Sofd/fdf of] kmf]6f] 6lNsof] . To;kl5 d}n] ;f]w]+ lbbL, of] df5f dfg]{
hfn lsg < aRrfnfO{ o;/L cf]9fpg' esf] < tL lbbLn] nfhn] d'G6f]
a6fl/g===t/, d]/f] hjfkm lbbL;+u} /x]sL Ps cfdfn] lbOg æafnsnfO{ s]O{ hg xf}p
elga6 cf]9f+ofxf], oO ahf/dL km'r]/fsL l87 k8\8L5 Sof,g} hfGGff a < km'6f t
lvRof/] ?KofF g} xf}+ lbGofFÆ===-afnsnfO{ To:tf] g/fd|f] s]xL klg gxf]; eg]/ cf]9fPsf]
xf] . of] ahf/df g/fd|f dfG5]sf] gh/ nfU5 t, yfxf 5}g < kmf]6f] t lvRg' eof]
k};f lbg' x'Gg<_
pxfFn] eg]sf] d s;/L laZjf; u?F
<zfob tkfO{ klg ug'{x'Gg xf]nf . d]/f] dgdf lt cfdfnfO{ ;f]Wg] y'k}{ s'/f
hlGd;s]sf lyP, t/ ;f]lw xfNg plrt 7flgg Toltv]/ . olQdfq} eg]MaRrfnfO{ lgsf],
alnof], lg/f]uL, 1fgL agfpg of] hfn cf]9fP/ x'b}+x'b}g cfdf . a? p;sf]
vfglkg,;/;kmfO{,plrt kf]if0fdf Wofg lbg';, x]g'{; t aRRffsf] gfsaf6 l;+ufg
alu/x]sf] 5, clg Tof] kmf]x/ hfn cfFvf d}+ 6fFl;Psfn] aRRffsf] cfFvfnfO{
g/fd|f] c;/ k'¥ofpg ;S5 . of] s'/f d}n] tL cfdfs}+ efiffdf eg]sfn] a'emfOsf]
;+s]t cfdfn] 6fpsf] xNnfpg' efYof] . lt cfdfn] afnsnfO{ g/fd|f] gxf]; eGg
vf]h]sf] s'/fMaRRff la/fdL gxf];, :Jf:y xf];,alnof] xf]; eg]/hfn cf]9fPsf] eGg
vf]h]sL lyOg .
clg g/fd|f dfG5] eg]sf]
auL{o,hftLo lae]b, ;fF:s[lts kIf / ;fdflhs s'/Llt, cGwlaZjf;nfO{ phfu/ u5{, /
ltg} ul/a,clzlIft, lk5l8Psf AotmLx?sf] Tof] lgbf]{z gh/ g}+ v/fa gh/,
clz4,clnlR5g\, e'tk|]t sxnfOG5 of] ;dfhdf . ToxL s'/f tL cfdfn] klg l;s]sL lyOg
/ ToxL elgg\ – æul/a / hftsL ;fgL ;a}sL efph"Æ eg] h:t} ;dfhsf wlg ;fx',
hldgbf/,hftsf 7"nf elgg]x?sf] g t gh/ g}+ a'/L x'G5g\ g t clz4, clnlR5g\,
g t e'tk|]t / af]S;L g}++ . of] unt a'emfO{ cfd g]kfnL ;dfhdf cem};Dd AofKt
/xg' nfh dbf]{ s'/f xf],eg]/ d]/f] dgn] dg leqleq} uf]nfaf/L ug{ yfNof] . d}n]
tL cfdf / lbbLnfO{ tFkfO{sf] /]l8of]df sfo{qmd elGg5g\ cfdf ;fFem cfpF5 ;'Gg'
xf]nf eg] . xfdL oxL sfo{qmdsf] k|efj, k|lts[of / ;'emfj ;Nnfx dfUg egL
:yfgLo:t/ d}+ k'u]sf lyof}+ . hxfF ue{jtL dlxnf, ;'Ts]/L dlxnf / b'O{
aif{d'gLsf kl/jf/nfO{ k|ToIf e]6\g 88]Nw'/f / 8f]6Lsf s]xL u|fld0f a:tLx?df
k'Uof}+ .
hxfF s]xL v';Lsf va/,s]xL
kl/a{tgsf nx/ ;'Gof}+==b]Vof}+ eg], s]xL o:t} b[io===df5fsf] hfn cf]9fP/
aRRffnfO{ ;'/Iff lbg], afns :j:y alnof] agfpg], v/fa gh/af6 hf]ufpg] cGwlaZjf;L s'/f .
ltxf/ ;'? x'g rf/ lbg afFsL x'b}+ xfd|f] ofqf /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+af6
;'b"/klZrdsf] kxf8L lhNnfx? tkm{ nlDsPsf] lyof] . xfdL sf7df8f}+df oxL
/]l8of] sfo{qmd elG5g\ cfdf pTkfbg u5f}{ . h'g ;'b'/klZrdsf] 8f]6]nL -:yfgLo_
efiffdf pTkfbg x'G5 / ToxfFsf ;ft kxf8L lhNnfsf laleGg PkmPd /]l8of] :6]zgaf6
;ftfsf] b'O{ lbg lalxaf/ / zlgaf/ ;fFem ^M#) ah]b]lv k|zf/0f x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
sfo{qmddf cfdf / aRrfsf] kf]if0f;+u} :jf:Yosf af/]df 5nkmn x'G5 . h;nfO{ xfdL
;'gf}nf xhf/ lbg ;d]t eGb5f}+ . of] sfo{qmd b]zsf clwsf+z lhNnfdf nfu' 5 . aRRff ue{df cfPb]lv
hGd]/ b'O{ aif{ gx'Fbf ;Ddsf] cjlwnfO{ ;'gf}nf xhf/ lbg eg]/ elgPsf] xf] .
;'b"/klZrddf cGwlaZjf;,
?9LjfbLsf sf/0f / cfjZos hfgsf/L, r]tgfsf] cefjdf aif]{gL Ps xhf/ gjhftlzz'sf]
csfndf Hofg hfG5 . h'g tYof+s lgs} 8/ nfUbf] xf] . If]lqo :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno
8f]6Ln] xfn} of] tYofª\s ;fa{hlgs u/]sf] xf] .h;sf] d'Vosf/0f ue{jtL, ;'Ts]/L /
To;kl5 aRrf b'O{÷tLg aif{sf] gx'Fbf ;Dd cfdf / aRRffsf] plrt :ofxf/ ;';f/ /
vfglkgdf Wofg gk'Ubf g}+ of] b'vb va/ aflx/ cfof] . o;df sf] lhDd]jf/ <
d}n] g5'6fO{ elgxfn] tkfO{sf]
of] aRRffnfO{ ;'/Iff lbg], alnof]
agfpg], km'lt{nf] lg/f]uL, 1fgL agfpg] w]/} s'/fx? l;Q}df yfxf x'G5 elg d}n]
elg /xFbf 6\jfNn k/]/ ;'lg/x]sf lt lbbL / cfdf PSsf;L æcf]xf]====uO{hfg' k0of]
;/, a]/ e}uO{===Æ eg]/ lx8\g v'§f ;fb}{ ubf{ d}n] lg gd:sf/ 6qmofpb}+ z}n]Zj/L
dlGb/sf] k|a]z4f/df kfOnf 6]s] . Psl5g ;lDemP/ eml:sP klg . s]xLaif{ cuf8L
z}n]Zj/L dlGb/k|fª\u0f d}+ g;'xfpFbf] /ldtf ePsf] . 36gf lyof] z}n]Zj/L dlGb/df
blnt k|a]z . h'g 36gfn] 8f]6]nLx?df cem} ;Dd Tof] abgfdLsf] nfndf]x/ 6fFl;Ps} 5
.
o:tf cg]sf}+ cGwlaZjf;n]
hul8Psf] 5 xfd|f] ;dfh . h'gIf]qdf ld8Lofsf] klg /fd|} pkl:ytL 5 / ;fdflhs
?kfGt/0f clg z;ltms/0fsf nfuL laleGg ;+3 ;F:yfx? klg aiff}{+ b]lv lqmoflzn 5g\
. ;dfhdf kl/a{tg / ;s/fTds
s'/f s]xL klg ePsf] 5}g eGg] xf]Og . t/, ;/sf/L nufgL, laleGg ;+3;+:yfx?sf]
nsf]{ / nufa clg :yfgLosf] s]xL lrGtf / rfF;f]n] ;dfhdf hlt ;s/fTds s'/f ePsf
5g To;d} lrQ a'emfO{ xfNg' kg]{ cj:yf 5}g\ . ha xfd|f] ;dfh ca t lzlIft /
r]tglzn aGb} uO /x]sf] 5 eGg] v';L / xif{sf s'/f ;'Ggdf cfp5g\ ta ToxL ;dfhsf]
w/ftn 6]Sbfkf] yfxf x'G5, ;fFRr}+ xfdLsxfF5f} t <=======
–n]vs s]kL cgdf]n eGgL5g cfdf /]l8of] sfo{qmdsf
k|:t'tf x'g .
df]km;n
kqsf/Ltf
kqsfl/tfnfO{ …jfr 8uÚsf] ?kdf lnO{G5
c?0f ad -;+jfbbftf_
/]l8of] g]kfn , 8f]6L
– tkfO+{sf] k'/f kl/ro kfpF g <
d]/f] gfd c?0f ad xf] . d]/f] :yfoL 7]ufgf 8f]6L
lhNnfsf] af]S6fg If]q cGtu{t kg]{ rj/f rf}tf/f uflj;–* rg'sfF8f ufpdf k5{ .
d laut & aif{ b]vL lg/Gt/ ?kdf 8f]6Ldf kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf] 5' .
z'?jftdf If]qLo ;b/d'sfd
lbkfonjf6 k|sflzt x'g] klxnf] klqsf lbkfon kf]i6af6 d]/f] kqsfl/tf z'? ePsf] xf] . clxn] d
lbkfon kf]i6df sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs /]l8of] g]kfnsf] 8f]6L ;+afbbftf / lbg]z PkmPddf
;+afbbftfsf] e'ldsfdf lhNnfdf sfo{/t 5' .
– tkfO{n] lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf /f]Hg' eof] <
–;fdflhs If]qdf sfd ug]{ d]/f] afNosfn b]vLsf]
/f]hfO{ xf] . o;df klg ;dfhdf /x]sf ;d:of, ;jfn tyf cj;/x? klxrfg u/L ;d:ofsf]
;dfwfg / cj;/x?sf] plrt pkof]u ug{ ;s] ;dfh / b]z lasf;sf] cfwf/ tof/ x'G5 eGg]
d]/f] a'emfO{ 5 . oL tYox? aflx/ Nofpg] ;af]{Qd dfWod eg]sf] kqsfl/tf xf] .
;Ifd / :tl/o kqsfl/tfn] oL tYox? ;lhn} aflx/ Nofpg ;Sb5 . ToxL eP/ d}n]
kqsfl/tf k]zfdf cfkm'nfO{ xf]d]sf] x' .
–slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] <
–Kn; 6' k9\b} ubf{ d}n] kqsfl/tf z'? u/]sf] x' .
clxn] & jif{ eof] .
– s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5 <
df]km;ndf a;]/ kqsfl/tf ubf{ xfdLn] lglZrt la6df
/x]/ sfd ug{ cK7]/f] x'G5 . t/ klg d]/f] ?lrsf] If]q ;fdflhs xf] . o; afx]s
cfly{s, s[lifdf klg d]/f] ?lr 5 .
– Ps kqsf/ eP/ cfO{kg]{ ;d:ofx? s] s] b]Vg' ePsf]
5 <
df]km;ndf sfo{/t kqsf/x?nfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L kg]{
;d:of eg]s} cfly{ssf] xf] . df]km;ndf cem} klg ;dfrf/ n]v]/} hLjg wfGg ;Sg]
lsl;dn] cfocfh{g ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g\ . ;dfrf/ n]vgsf cnjf cGo a}sNkLs sfd
ug{'kg]{ cj:yf clwsf+z ;fyLx? 5 . o;afx]s kqsfl/tfnfO{ cem} /fHosf lgsfox?nfO{
k'0f{ ?kdf :jLsf/ ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g\ . kof{Kt ;"rgf lngsf nflu cem}
y'k|} d]xgt ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . o;afx]s Jofj;foLs kqsf/x?nn] u}/ Jofj;foLs
kqsf/x?sf sf/0fn] klg ;f:tL ef]lu/xg' k/]sf] d}n] cg'ej u/]sf] 5' .
–8f]6Ldf /x]/ sfd ub}{ x'g'x'G5 sfd ub}{ ubf{
s:tf] dxz'; ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <
–d}n] 8f]6Ldf kqsfl/tf z'? ubf{ b]vL clxn] ;Dd k6s
k6s dxz'; ug]{ Pp6} s'/f eg]sf] sdhf]/
kqsfl/tf xf] . 8f]6Ldf cem} kqsfl/tf alnof] x'g ;s]sf] l:ytL 5}g\ .
kqsfl/tfnfO{ …jfr 8uÚsf] ?kdf lnO{G5 . 8f]6Lsf] kqsfl/tfn] cem} k"0f{ ?kdf
Tof] e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\ .
lhNnfdf v'n]cfd unt lqmofsnfk x'G5g\ . tL lqmofsnfk lgoGq0fdf xfd|f] snd
c;Ifd k|foM 5 . o;afx]s lhNnfdf cem} Jofj;flos kqsf/Ltfsf] z'?jft x'g ;ls/x]sf]
5}g\ . If]qLo ;b/d"sfd /x]sf] lhNnf hxfF clxn] ;Dd Pp6f klg b}lgs klqsf
k|sfzg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g\ . xfd|f] kqsfl/tf sxfF 5 o;n] klg cf+sng ug{ ;lsG5 .
– ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x? tyf kqklqsfx? clxnn] Rofp
pld|o h:t} ePsf 5g s:tf] b]Vg' x'G5 ld8Lofsf] elaZo <
cjZo klg clxn]sf] cj:yf eg]sf] To:t} 5 . /]l8of]
tyf kqklqsfx? z'? x'g] qmd cToflws 5 . Ps lsl;dn] eGg] xf] eg], :jtGq
;+rf/dfWodx?sf] ;+Vof a9\g' nf]stGqsf] ;alns/0fsf nflu /fd|f] zGb]; xf] . t/
g]kfnsf] kl/a]zdf eg] ;+VofTds ?kdf a9\b} uP klg u'0ffTds ?kdf a9]sf] b]lvGg .
o;afx]s ldl8of xfp;sf] ;+Vof a9\b} hfFbf kqsf/sf ;d:of 36\b} hfg'sf] ;f6f] emg\
a9\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . h;sf] k|efj b]lvg klg z'? e};s]sf] 5 . s]xL /]l8of] tyf
kqklqsfx? aGb klg x'b} uPsf] xfdL b]Vg ;S5f} . xf] sfnfGt/df :t/ lbg g;Sg]
ldl8of xfp; aGb x'G5g\ . h;n] :t/ lbg ;S5g\ pgLx? /fd|f] tj/n] ;+rfngdf /xG5g\
.
– df]km;n kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn
;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ <
>dlhjL kqsf/ P]g nfu' ePsf] nfdf] ;do e};s]sf] 5 . Tof] cem}
sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g\ . df]km;nsf] kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu To;sf]
cxd e'ldsf x'g ;S5 . To;afx]s ldl8ofsf 7'nf nufgLstf{x?nfO{ df]km;n tkm{
cfslif{t ug]{ lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? ;/sf/n] Nofpg' k5{ To;sf nflu s/ 5'6 nufotsf
Kofs]hx? klg x'g;S5g\ . o:t} :tl/o
kqsfl/tfsf nflu kqsfl/tfdf ljleGg lsl;dsf tflnd tyf cled'lvs/0fsf sfo{qmd Nofpg
;lsG5 .
– dxf;+3n] kqsf/x?sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfuL sQLsf]
e'ldsf v]n]sf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <
>dlhjL kqsf/ cg';f/sf] kfl/>lds t k/}
hfcf];\ df]km;ndf sfo{/t kqsf/x?n] Go"g d'Nodf >d a]lr/x]sf] cj:yf
ljBdfg 5 . t/ tf]lsPsf] Go'g kfl/>lds klg cem} y'k|} kqsf/x?n] ;dod} kfpg
;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . o;tkm{ dxf;+3sf] Wofg k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . aflx/jf6 x'g] x:tIf]k
/f]syfdsf xsdf eg] dxf;+3n] cfkm\gf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ul//x]
h:tf] nfU5 . t/ ldl8of xfp; leqsf ;d:ofsf af/]df eg] cem} k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf]
d]/f] a'emfO{ 5 .
–tkfOsf] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <
elgG5, kqsfl/tf ;dfhsf] P]gf xf] . dnfO{ klg To:t}
nfU5 kqsfl/tfsf dfWodjf6} s'g} 7fpFsf] ;dfhsf] af:tlas ?k ;lhn} a'em\g ;lsG5 .
/ cfkm\gf] ;dfh s:tf] 5 eGg] klg x]g{ ;lsG5 . o;afx]s /fHo ;+rfngsf ;+oGqx?nfO{
lg/Gt/ kx/]bf/L ug]{ dfWod klg kqsfl/tf xf] . h;n] nf]stGqsf] ;RRff
cg'e"tL u/fpb5\ . ;"rgfsf] ;j{>]i7 dfWod kqsfl/tf xf] eGg]df t
b'O{dt 5}g\ .
– clxn] kqsfl/tf If]q jb\gfldt x'Fb}5, kqsfl/tf
If]qdf nfu]s}x?n] lbpF;} hfF8 vfP/ xNnf ug]{, cfkm'nfO{ 5'§} b'lgFofsf] dfG5]
7fGg], ;dfrf/nfO{ lnP/ df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{ h:tf k|a[lQx? klg b]lvPsf 5g eGg]
cf/f]k 5 nfUg] u/]sf] 5, tkfO{nfO{ s] nfU5 <
x/]s If]qdf h:t} kqsfl/tfdf klg s]xL las[tL /
la;+utLx? 5g\ . Ps lsl;dn] eGg] xf] eGg] nf]stGqsf] cjwf/0ffn] kqsfl/tfnfO{
zlQm lbPsf] 5 . h'g zlQmsf] b'?kof]u klg e}/x]sf] kfO{G5 . ;f]xL zlQmsf sf/0f
kqsf/x?af6 o:tf unt cfr/0f x'g] ub{5g\ . t/ ;fdfGo gful/sx? eg] kqsf/ xf] eg]/
8/fO{ /x]sf x'G5g\ . s'g} kqsf/n] unt cfr/0f u/] p klg sfaf{xLsf] plQs} efu]bf/
x'G5 . To;}n] s'g} kqsf/n] unt cfr/0f
b]vfP sfaf{xLsf] k|lqmofdf cuf8L a9\g ;a}df d cg'/f]w ub{5' . t/ Ps b'O{ hgfsf
sf/0f k'/f kqsfl/tfnfO{ abgfldt kfg]{ sfd ug{' x'b}g\ .
–tkfO{ sQLsf] nfUg' ePsf] 5 o:tf sfo{df <
d ;dfhsf] ;sf/fTds ;Gb]zsf] lasf; ug{ / ;dfh
lasf;sf nflu cfkm\gf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg kqsfl/tfdf nfu]sf] x' . d}n] o:tf] cfr/0f
b]vfP d kqsfl/tfsf] wd{ eGbf aflx/ x'G5'
/ d]/f] 5jL wldlnG5 eGg]df ;w} ljZj:t 5' . d}n] o:tf sfd u/]sf] e]6] of
k|df0f s;}n] b]vfP d Tof] lbg b]vL kqsfl/tf TofUg] afrf ub{5' .
– df]km;n kqsfl/tf If]qdf ;'wf/sf nflu tkfO{ g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ s] ;'emfj lbg rfxfg'x'G5 <
xfdL nf]stGqnfO{ cjnDag u/]sf] b]zsf gful/s xf} .
xfdL cem} klg nf]stGqsf] lasNk nf]stGq leq} vf]H5f} . To;}n] nf]stGqsf] ;+:yfut
lasf;sf nflu kqsfl/tfsf] e'ldsf cxd\ x'G5 . / kqsfl/tf x/]s If]qdf x'g'kb{5 .
b]zsf x/]s If]qdf kqsfl/tfsf] ;an lasf; x'g ;s] dfq nf]stGq ;an aGg ;S5 .
To;}n] ;/sf/n] df]km;ndf klg kqsfl/tf lasf;sf nflu plrt Wofg k'¥ofpg' k5{ . of]
cfhsf] cfaZostf xf] .
–cGTodf o; cGt/jftf{sf laifodf s]xL eGg dg nfu]sf]
5 <
d]/f] AolQmut wf/0ff /fVg lbPsf]df laDa
;fKtflxsnfO{ w]/} w]/} wGoafb\ lbg rfxG5' . laDa ;fKtflxsn] lg/Gt/ ?kdf k|sfzg
ul//x]sf] :tDe df]km;n kqsfl/tf :tDen] df]km;ndf sfo{/t kqsf/sf cfkm\gf
wf/0ffx? /fVg] cj;/ k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . h;n] df]km;nsf kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of ;jfnx?
phfu/ kfg{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPO{/x]sf] 5 . h;sf nflu k'gM Psk6s laDa ;fKtfxLs
kl/jf/nfO{ wGoafb\ lbg rfxG5' . / of] :tDe lg/Gt/tfsf nflu klg cg'/f]w ub{5' .
–;do / larf/sf nfuL wGoafb .
wGoafb\
.
nf]s ;]jf tof/Lsf nfuL
pkof]uL
;Deflat laifout k|Zgx? M
!= g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] wd{ s'g xf] <
pQ/ M z}a wd{
@= df]l/of] s] ubf{ ahfO{G5 <
pQ/ M hfu/ufyf ufpbf
#= g]kfnsf]
s'g 7fpdf OGb|fo0fL hfqf dgfOG5 <
pQ/ M sLlt{k'/
$= g]kfnsf] u'?ª hfltsf] 3/sf] leQfdf sf]l/g] Ps
k|sf/sf] leQ] lrqnfO{ s] elgG5 <
pQ/ M k'/ftL lrq
%=g]kfnsf] lglh If]qaf6 lgld{t klxnf] rnlrq s'g
xf] <
pQ/M dfOtL3/
^= g]kfndf ag]sf] klxnf] rnlrq s'g xf] <
pQ/ M cfdf - la=;+= @)@@ _
&= l;p8Lsf] la?jfnfO{ k'hf ug]{ g]kfnsf] hflt
s'g xf] <
pQ/ M d]r]
*= g]kfndf
;fdflhs ;]jf lbj; slxn] dgfOG5 <
pQ/ M x]/s aif{ c;f]h ^ ut]
(= axfO{ wd{ sf]4f/f ;'?jft ePsf] lyof]<
pQ/ M axpNnf - !( cf}+ ztfAbLdf O/fgdf _
!)=lgb{nLo k~rfotL Aoj:yt la?4 g]kfnL sf+u|]; /
;+o'Qm afddf]rf{n] slxn] b]lv cfGbf]nf ;'? u/]sf lyP <
pQ/ M la=;+= @)$^ kmfu'g & ut] b]lv
!!= cf]hg tx lagf;sf] k|d'v sf/s tTj s'g xf]<
pQ/ M Snf]/f]ˆnf]/f] sfa{g
!@= zflGt
lzv/ s'g lxd z[+vnf cGt{ut kb{5 <
pQ/ M v'Da'
!#= ;'zf;g ;DalGw cjwf/0ff ;fj{hlgs ug{ e'ldsf
lgjf{x ug]{ klxnf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf s'g xf] <
pQ/ M laZj a}+s
!$= laZjdf OzfO{ wd{nfO{ /fHo wd{sf] ?kdf dfGotf
klxnf] /fi6" s'g xf]<
pQ/ M O{6fnL
!%= laZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf cg';f/ k|lt Ps 8fS6/ a/fa/
slt hgf la/fdL x'g' kb{5 <
pQ/ M ^)) hgf
!^= ;g\ @)!$ sf] ACCU _ 19 ls|s]6sf] pkfwL s'g
b]zn] k|fKt u¥of] <
pQ/ M ckmuflg:tfg
!& cf]:sf/ cjf8{sf nflu gf]ldg]8 g]kfnsf]
klxnf] rnlrq s'g xf] <
pQ/ M Sof/fefg
!*=
u'0fsfdb]jn] sf7df08f}+ zx/ sf] lgdf{0f ubf{ slt 3/x? agfPsf lyP <
pQ/ M !* xhf/
!(= >Ln+sfsf] /fli6"o km"n s'g xf]
<
pQ/ M An' a6/ lnln
@)= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf cg';f/ slxn] ;Dd laZjsf]
ef]sd/L x6fpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 <
pQ/ M ;g\ @)%) ;Dddf
@!= lnR5jL sfndf s'g efiffdf lzIff lbO{GYof] <
pQ/ M ;+:s[t / kfnL efiffdf
@@= uf]/vfkq slxn]\b]lv b}lgs ePsf] lyof] <
pQ/ M la=;+= @)!& kmfu'g & ut]b]lv
@#= o'/f]k]nL Psn d'b|f o'/f] slxn] b]lv nfu'
ul/Psf] lyof] <
pQ/ M ;g\ @))@ hgj/L ! af6
@$=Jofkf/sf] v}/f] sfuh eGgfn] s]nfO{ a'lemG5 <
pQ/ M gub]afnL
@%= slt k|ltzt eGbf a9L ;fIf/ ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;fIf/ ufla; 3f]if0ff ub{5 <
pQ/ M (% k|ltzt
@^= cd]l/sf / lnlaof aLr ljjfb k/]sf] cGt/f{li6o
hn;Ldf /]vfnfO{ s] elgG5 < pQ/ M d[To"/]vf
;|f]t ;+sns /fd lai6
snf
;F:s[tL / ;flxTo
uhn
ePg ltd|f] kf/f 9'ªuf lxsf{P/
s;/L ´f5f}{ tf/f 9'ªuf lxsf{P/ <
cr]n of] ;x/df l;;fn] klg
rnfp5 u'hf/f 9'ªuf lxsf{P/
pGn] b]osf] snddf n]v]sf] lyof]
b]z aGb}g Kof/f 9'ªuf lxsf{P/
ltdL aGb's rnfP/ klg lgbf]{z
clg d xTof/f 9'ªuf lxsf{P/ <
dGn] dGnfO{ ;'6'Ss eGg ;lsG5
ug}{ k5{ / O{zf/f 9'ªuf lxsf{P/ <
sdn ;+3if{
7'nf;}g ,c5fd
/]l8of]
/fdf/f]zg
uhn
l6:6f x'b} 6gsk'/ ;Dd ;/]/ b]vfpm5'
a'4 aGb} b]zdf ;flGt 5/]/ b]vfpm5'
Tof] afns n] lg lxhf] o:tf] eGb} lyof]
d lg ca b]zsf] nflu d/]/ b]vfpm5'
r'gfa cl3 g]tflhsf] efif0f o:tf] lyof]
ufpmF–ufpmFdf lasf; d u/]/ b]vfpm5'\
eQm ldng ad
afz'b]la ^ b]pmsfF8f
8f]6L
uhn
xh'/n] dgdg} ;D´]/ dfq x'b}g
dfofF ug{ afxfgf u/]/ dfq x'b}g
of] dfofF eGg] lrh t cfkm} x'G5
3/ ;dfhnfO{ Tofu]/ dfq x'b}g
;'v cgL b'Mv kgL t a'‰g' k5{
;wF} ;fy lbg]5' eg]/ dfq x'b}g
k|sfzg ug]{ larf/ u/ p eGYof] dnfO{
;+3{if o;/L æuhnÆ n]v]/ dfq x'b}g
s}nfz ;+3if{ s'Fj/
8f]6L b'uf{df08f} ufla; jfon
la1fkg
lzIfs cfaZostf ;DaGwL ;"rgf
;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M–
@)&!÷)*÷)@ ut]
8f]6L
lhNnf lb=l;=g=kf= j8f g+= !$ kfs/Ldf /x]sf] o; >L b'uf{ lgDg dfWolds
ljBfnodf l/Qm /x]sf] lgDgdfWolds txsf]
/fxt b/aGbL s/f/ ;]jf lzIfs kbk'lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] tklzn cg';f/sf] of]Uotf
k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx? 4f/f b/vf:t cfAxfg ul/G5 .
tkl;n
la1fkg g+= )!÷)&!÷)&@, kb M– ul0ft÷lj1fg s/f/ lzIfs, ;+Vof
M– ! hgf
z}lIfs of]Uotf M– lj=P;=;L=jf
;f] ;/x / :yfoL cWofkg cg'dtLkq ePsf], t=e=
M– k|rlnt :s]n adf]lhd
lsl;d M– /fxt b/aGbL s/f/, >]0fL
M– t[tLo, gful/stf M– g]kfnL,
k|fyldstf M– cg'elj, ;Ifd tyf of]Uo
AolQmnfO{, pd]/ M– !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) ggf3]sf],
lgj]bg cfO{k'Ug] clGtd ldlt M–
@)&! d+l;/ !^ ut] $ ah], cj]bg
b:t'/ M– ?= !),))÷– dfq
5gf}6 k|lqmof M– lnlvt / cGt/jftf{, ;Dk{s ldlt M– @)&!÷)*÷!&,
kl/Iff ldlt M– lhNnf lzIff sfof{no
8f]6Ln] tf]s]cg';f/
cfaZos sfuhft M–
– g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk # k|lt
– z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0f kqx?, # k|lt
– tflnd k|fKt eP ;f]sf] k|df0fkq k|ltlnlk
– x:tlnlvt lgj]bg
gf]6 M– :yfgLo, dlxnf, hghftL, ckfË, blnt ;d'bfo tyf pRr
of]Uoftf ePsf] pDd]bjf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g] 5 . pDd]bjf/n] cGt/jftf{df ;Ssn
k|df0f kq ;lxt pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . Dofb gfl3 cfPsf] l/t gk'uL cfPsf] lga]bg pk/
s'g} klg sfjf{lx x'g] 5}g .
lzIfs cfaZostf ;DaGwL ;"rgf
;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M–
@)&!÷)&÷#)
8f]6L
lhNnf nf6fdf08f} uflj; j8f g+= * uf]k3f6df
/x]sf] o; >L /fwfs[i0f pdfljdf dfBflds txdf la1fg laifosf] lzIfs ;?jf
ePsf]n] ;f] l/Qm kbdf s/f/ lzIfs kbk'lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] tklzn cg';f/sf]
la1fkg cfAxfg ul/G5 .
tkl;n
la1fkg g+= )!÷)&!÷)&@
kb M– ul0ft÷lj1fg s/f/ lzIfs
;+Vof M– !
hgf
z}lIfs of]Uotf M– lj=P;=;L=jf ;f] ;/x / :yfoL
cWofkg cg'dtLkq ePsf] .
t=e= M– k|rlnt :s]n adf]lhd
lsl;d M– s/f/
>]0fL M– t[tLo
gful/stf M– g]kfnL
k|fyldstf M– cg'elj, ;Ifd tyf of]Uo AolQmnfO{
pd]/ M– !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) ggf3]sf]
cg'ea M– slDtdf @ aif{ df=la txsf] la1fg laifo
lzIf0f u/]sf]nfO{ laz]if k|fyldstf
lbO{g] 5 .
lgj]bg M– cfO{k'Ug] clGtd ldlt @)&! d+l;/ !%
ut] $ ah] cj]bg b:t'/ M– ?= !),))÷– dfq
5gf}6
k|lqmof M– lnlvt / cGt/jftf{
;Dk{s ldlt
M– @)&!÷)*÷!^
kl/Iff ldlt M– lhNnf lzIff sfof{no 8f]6Ln]
tf]s]cg';f/
cfaZos sfuhft M–
– g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk # k|lt
– z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0f kqx?, # k|lt
– tflnd k|fKt eP ;f]sf] k|df0fkq k|ltlnlk
– x:tlnlvt lgj]bg
gf]6 M– lkmlhS; ;d'xaf6 la=P;=;L= jf Pd=P;=l;=, :yfgLo, dlxnf, hghftL,
ckfË, blnt ;d'bfo tyf pRr of]Uoftf ePsf] pDd]bjf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g] 5 .
pDd]bjf/n] cGt/jftf{df ;Ssn k|df0f kq ;lxt pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu
;Dk{s df]=g+= (*$*$#!&@@ ;Dk{s ug'{xf]nf . Dofb gfl3 cfPsf] l/t gk'uL
cfPsf] lga]bg pk/ s'g} klg sfjf{lx x'g] 5}g .
dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] #% lbg] xsbfjL ;DjGwL ;"rgf
8f]6L n8fu8f
uf=lj=;=j8f g+=* l:yt ls=g+=!&$ sf] hUuf lul/ 9f]nLsf] gfpFdf gfkgS;f e}
>]:tf k'hf{ sfod ePsf]df lul/ 9f]nLsf] ldlt M–@)$% kf}if dlxgfdf d[To'
ePsf], / lgh d[tssf] klTg dGw/L 9f]nLsf]] ldlt M–@)$@ ;fndf d[To' eO{;s]sf]n]
d[tsx? lul/ 9f]nL / dGw/L 9f]nL af6 ;Gtfg 5f]/f 5f]/L sf]xL s]lx ge} ck'tfnL
k/]sf] x'+bf lul/ 9f]nLsf] z]ifkl5sf] ;a}eGbf glhssf] xsbf/ d Psdfq efO{ g?jf
9f]nL dfq ePsf]n] pNn]lvt ls=g+=!&$ sf] k'/} 3/ hUuf d]/f gfpFdf Psnf}6L
gfd;f/L ul/ kfpF elg n8fu8f uf=lj=;=sfof{no 8f]6L sf] r=g+=$$ ldlt M–
)&!÷&÷!& sf] ls6fgL l;kmfl/;, d[tssf] gfd sf] h=w=k|=k'hf{,
gftfk|dfl0ft, g]kfnL gf=k|=k, dfnkf]t a'emfPsf] /l;b cfbL k|df0fx? ;fy} /fvL]
8f]6L n8fu8f uf=lj=;=j8f g+=! a:g] d[ts lul/ 9f]nLsf] efO{ g?jf 9f]nLn] o;
sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'ePsf]n] pQm hUuf ;DjGwdf s'g} s;}sf] xsbfjL k'Ug] eP of]
;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s #% -k}lt;_ lbg leq cfkm";Fu ePsf
;Ssn k|df0f ;fy sfof{nodf ph'/ bfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf cGoyf Dofb leq s'g} s;}n]
ph'/L bfjL gu/] lgodfg';f/ e} hfg] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgf 4f/f hfgsf/L
u/fO{G5 .
cfufdL cf=j= @)&@÷&# df
;fdflhs ;'?Iff eQf k|fKt ug{ gfd btf{ tyf gljs/0fsf nflu b/vf:t lbg]
;DaGwL ;"rgf
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 l:js[t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
sfo{qmd ;+rfng sfo{ljlw, @)^( adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug{;Sg] nlIot
ju{sf gful/sx?n] cf=j= @)&@÷&# df eQf k|fKt ug{sf nflu ;DaGwLt uf=lj=;=
tyf gu/kfnLsfx?df ldlt M @)&! d+lz/ !% ut]leq /Ltk"j{s b/vf:t lbgx'g
of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . xfn ;fdflhs ;"/Iff eQf kfO/x]sf
gful/sx?n] ;d]t pQm ldltleq b/vf:t lbO{ cfkm\gf] gfd gljs/0f ug{'kg{]5 . pQm
ldltleq b/vf:t lbO{ btf{ tyf gljs/0f gug{]x?n] @)&@ >fj0f ! ut]b]lv eQf
k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] Joxf]/f ;d]t o;} ;"rgfdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . o;
;"rgf adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] ldltleq b/vf:t lnO{ /Lt k'u]sfsf] gfd btf{ tyf
gljs/0f u/L sfo{ljwLn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] ldltleq dflyNnf]
lgsfodf k7fpg ;a} uflj; tyf gu/kfnLsfx?nfO{ ;d}t ;"lrt ul/G5 .
lhNnf lasf; ;ldtL 8f]6L
