d'Vo ;dfrf/
casfz ;+u} cIfosf]if :yfkgf
r'gfjL rrf{ rln /x]sf] a]nfdf ;8\s
5]pdf a:b} lrof lkpb} ubf{ crfgs
afhfufFhf ;lxtsf] Ps ;d"x clj/ hfqf ;lxt af6f]df b]vf kof]{ .
dflg;x?sf] ;d"xsf] cuf8L afhf
lyof] . Ps hgf JolQm ;d"xsf] aLrdf sfk]{6 cyf{t 8f]nfdf b]lvGYo] .
sfk]{6sf] cuf8L k5f8L dflg; x?sf] ;d"x lyof] . ljjfx jf r'jfgL k|rf/ k|;f/
egL cg'dfg nufg' eof] eg] tkfO{sf] cg'dfg unt ;fljt x'G5 .
b[io xf], k"jL{rf}sL ufFp
kflnsfdf kg]{ ;/:jtL dfWolds ljBfno ;fgfufFpdf sfo{/t Ps lzIfssf] casfz tyf
ljbfO{ sfo{qmdsf] .
lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf a8f g+= ^
s[i0ffno 6f]n :yfoL 3/ ePsf uLtf/fd >]i7 @)#^ ;fnb]lv lzIf0f k]zfdf ;+nUg
lyP . pgn] cfkm\gf] hLjg sfnsf] clwsfz+ ;do ;/:jtL dfljdf lzIf0f k]zfdf s6fpb}
s]xL lbg klxn] dfq pgL pd]/sf cfwf/df casfz ePsf 5g\ . >]i7n] cfkm\gf] casfz
;+u} ljBfnosf] z}lIfs :t/df ;'wf/ k'of{pg] p2]Zosf ;fy cfkm\gf] :juL{o
cfdfafa'sf] gfddf 5fqj[lQsf nflu cIfosf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/]sf 5g\ . ;f]xL
labfO{sf] ca;/df k'/} ufFpaf;Lx?n] pgnfO{ ;Ddfgsf ;fy ljbfO{ ubf{sf] b[io lyof]
Tof] .
sl/j rf/ bzs lzIf0f k]zfdf ;+nUg
/x]sf >]i7n] ljBfyL{x?df cWoog ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; xf];\ eGg] pb]Zosf ;fy
x/]s jif{ dfWolds txdf ;a} eGbf /fd|f] c+s k|fKt ug]{ / sIff !! ;+u} !@ sf]
k/LIff lgoldt pQL0f{ ubf{ ;a} eGbf a9L c+s Nofpg] Ps Ps 5fq / Ps Ps 5fqfnfO{
x/]s jif{ 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ug]{ u/L :jfuL{o u+uf uf]ljGb :d[lt 5fqj[lQ
cIfosf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/]sf 5g\ .
ljBfno / cfd ;d'bfon] pgnfO{ ljbfO{
ub}{ ubf{ >]i7n] cfkm" / cfkm\gf] >LdtL k|ldnf >]i7 ;+rfns /xg]
u/L %! xhf/ % ;o %% ?k}ofFsf] 5fqj[lQ cIfosf]if :yfkgf u/L ljBfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0f
u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . sl/a Ps jif{ klxn] dfq lzIfs >]i7sf 5f]/f
a'xf/Lsf] kxndf pQm ljBfnonfO{ :jLr gful/sn] % yfg sDKo'6/ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf lyP
.
ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf nlnt
h+u s'Fj/sf] ;efkltTjdf ;+rfng ePsf] ljbfO{ sfo{qmddf ljBfno :yfkgf sfnb]lv
xfn;Dd /x]sf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf ePsf k'j{ cWoIfx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf]
lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly ;+:yfks cWoIf /0f jxfb'/ v8\sf /x]sf lyP .
ljBfnosf] v]nd}bfgdf ;+rfng ePsf] pQm ljbfO{ sfo{qmddf :yfgLo hg;d'bfo ljBfyL{
tyf k"j{ ljBfyL{x? cljefjsx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
ljbfO{ sfo{qmddf jf]Nb} ljBfnosf
k'j{ cWoIf /fd k|;fb pkfWofo, jn jxfb'/ v8\sf, b]j jxfb'/ v8\sf nufotn] lzIfs
uLtf/fd >]i7sf] of]ubfgsf af/]df atfpb} >]i7 k|lt s[Q1tf JoQm u/]sf lyP
eg] lzIfs >]i7n] ljBfno :yfkgfsfn lt/ ePsf] ;d:of / cfhef]nLsf] ca:yfsf]
af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpb} cfkm"nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf]df cfd ;d'bfo, lzIfs, cljefas
;lxt ljBfyL{ ;Dk'0f{nfO{ wGojfb lbPsf lyP .
lzIfs >]i7nfO{ ;Ddfg kq bf];Nnf
;lxt ljbfO{ ul/Psf] lyof] . >]i7n] cfpFbf /dfOnf] / hfFbf ;a} b'lvt x'G5g
eGg] s'/f ;Daf]wg ubf{ ;a}sf cfFvf
/;fPsf lyP .
;DkfbsLo
xf]nf t 3f]if0ff kqsf] h:t}
sfd <
sl/a @) aif{ kl5 x'g nfu]sf] :yfgLo
txsf] lgjf{rgdf laleGg kf6L{x?n] cfkm\gf 3f]if0ff kqx? ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf 5g .
b'O{ r/0fsf] lgjf{rg x'g] ePkl5 cfufdL h]7 #! x'g] :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf eg] sltko
:yfgLox? cGof]nd} 5g .
a9L h:tf]n] cfkm\gf 3f]if0ff kqx?
d'n's ef}uf]lns / ;f+:s[lts lx;fan] km/s ePh:t} ;d:of klg :yfg ljz]if km/s km/s 5g\ . /fhwfgL nufot laleGg
zx/x?df vfg]kfgL / ;8s clxn]sf nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of b]vfPsf] 5 . To:t}
e"sDkn] Iflt ag]sf lhNnfx? sfe|], l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf nufot lhNnfdf
k'glg{df{0f ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of b]vfPsf] 5 . r'gfa lht]kl5 tTsfn
k'glgdf{0f nfUg] b]vfPsf] 5 . tL lhNnfx?df ;'Gb/ ;x/ agfO{ tL lhNnfdf k|mL
jfOkmfO{sf] Aoj:yf ug]{ /] . ha dfG5]sf] cfˆgf] a:g] 3/ g} 5}g eg] p;sf nflu
kSsL zf}rfno klg dxTjsf] ljifo x'g;S5 . 3f]if0ff kqdf dgnfu]sf] s'/f n]v]/ dfq
x'b}g . !) lsnf] rfdnsf nflu lbge/ latfpg'kg]{ x'Dnf h'Dnfsf hgtfsf nflu !)
xhf/ t s] ! nfv d]3fjf6 lah'nL pTkfbgsf] gf/fn] s'g} k|efa kfb}{g . Tof]
3f]if0ff kqdf n]Vg' g} u4f/L xf] . olb To;f] xf]Og eg] o; eGbf cl3Nnf
lgjf{rgx?df ul/Psf 3f]if0ff kqdf n]lvPsf s'/fx? slt sfof{Gjogdf cfP < Tof]
5n{u}+ b]lvG5 .
3f]if0ffkq x]b}{ hfg] xf] eg] o:tf
w]/} a'Fbf e]l6G5g, h'g a'Fbfn] :yfgLo cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] b]lvFb}g .
s[lifnfO{ olt k|ltzt ah]6 eg]/ ;f]nf]8f]nf] n]lvPsf] 5 . lgjf{rg glhs}
cfOk'u]sfn] tTsfn s'g} klg bnsf] 3f]if0ffkq k'gn]{vg jf k'g k|sfzg ;Dej 5}g .
clxn] h'g kf6L{sf g]tf h'g ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf pDd]bjf/ ag]sf 5g\ ltgn]
:yfgLo hgrfxgf cg'¿k sfd ug}{k5{ . w]/} bnsf g]tf sfo{stf{ clxn] r'gfjL
cleofgdf 3/b}nf] sfo{qmddf 5g\ . 3/b}nf] sfo{qmdsf] cy{ …dnfO{ ef]6 lbg';\ x}Ú
eGb} dtbftfnfO{ gd:sf/ ug{' dfq} b]lvG5 .
…!) jif{df !) xhf/ d]ufjf6 lah'nL
pTkfbgÚ clwsf+z bnsf] 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] gf/f xf] of] . cfly{s
j[l4 olt k|ltzt, Ps3/ Ps /f]huf/, j[4eQf bf]Aa/, t]Aa/h:tf k/Dk/fut gf/fnfO{
klg dxTjsf ;fy pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ bnn] . r'gfjsf] ldlt glhlsFb} hfFbf ljleGg bnsf
sfo{stf{n] oxL gf/fnfO{ dxTjsf ;fy k|rf/ u/]sf 5g\ . sltko dtbftfn] ljZjf; klg
u/]sf 5g\ . sltko eg] kz'nfO{ h+undf r/fP h:t} u/]sf] a'em]sf 5g .
/fhgLlts bnx¿n] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf
dxTjfsf+IfL of]hgf pNn]v ug{' cfkm}+df g/fd|f] xf]Og . t/, 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v
ePsf ljifon] cfˆgf dtbftfnfO{ k|efj kf5{ ls kfb}{g ljrf/ u/L Ps k6s lr;f]
lbdfun] ;f]Rg'k5{ .
oxfFsf] vf; ;d:of s] xf] < w]/}
y/Ln] w]/} vfn] ;d:of atfpnfg\ . w]/}sf] /fo lnPkl5 /fos} cfwf/df k|d'v ;d:of
s] xf] 5'6\ofpg ;lsG5 . To;sf nflu To;}sf] cfwf/df ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] pkfo vf]Hg
;lsG5 . x/]s :yfgsf km/s ;d:of eP h:t} ;dfwfgsf pkfo klg km/s x'G5g\ . tL ;d:of
;dfwfgsf nflu bnsf g]tfx¿ clxn]b]lv g} rgfvf] x'g h?/L 5 .
s]G›Lo 3f]if0ffkqsf] e/df dtbftfsf]
3/b}nf] hfg] pDd]bjf/n] kl/jt{g u/]gg\ eg] hgtfn] cljZjf;d} ef]6 lbg'kg]{ cj:yf
cfpg]5 . of] hl6ntfaf6 hf]luFb} :yfgLo cfjZostf / dfu cg';f/sf Ph]G8f /
k|lta4tf -h;nfO{ k"/f klg ug{ ;lsG5_ lnP/ 3/b}nf]df pDd]bjf/ k'Ug ;s] eg]
dfq lgjf{rgsf] ;fy{stf /xG5 .
afFsL ;dfrf/
kSsL zf}rfnodf 5fpuf]7
k"jL{rf}sL ufpFkflnsf &
;flassf] kf]v/L ufla; j8f g+ ( uh]8fdf clwsfz+ kl/jf/n] kSsL zf}rfnodf leq
df6f] yk]/ 5fpuf]7 agfPsf 5g .
3/df a;] b]ptf l/;fpg] 8/n] kSsL
agfOPsf zf}rfnodf ;'/lIft a:g ;lsG5 eGb} zf}rfno agfPsf] :yfgLo gGbf b]aL
;fpFbn] atfOg . laDasdL{;+u k'/fgf] 5fpuf]7 b]vfpb} pgn] elgg, Tof] 7fpFdf ;k{
cfpF5, h+unsf hgfj/x?sf] klg 8/ x'G5 . 3/af6 sl/a %) ld6/ k/ /x]sf] 5fpuf]7df
jl/k/L l;:gf]sf] h+un 5 . zf}rfno dd{t eGbf cuf8L To;} uf]7df /ftx? latfpg'
k/]sf] gGbf atfpl5g\ .
u'8 g]e;{ OG6/g]zngsf] cfly{s
;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf zf}rfnox? kl5Nnf] ;dodf 5fpuf]7df kl/0ft ePsf 5g . rkL{ /
afy?d cnu cnu ePsf] zf}rfnodf Pp6fdf 5fpuf]7 / csf]{df :ofpnf ;f]t/x? /fVg]
u/]sf 5g . cfly{s ;xof]udf ;fy} ;fdfgx? klg ;a}sf] 3/3/df k'of{P/ dd{t sfo{ ug{
dfq} :yfgLonfO{ lbPsf] lyof] .
dd{t ePsf] sl/a Ps dlxgf;Dd klg
k|of]udf gcfPsf zf}rfnox? 5fpuf]7df kl/0ft ePsf 5g .
sl/a Pp6f zf}rfnodf u'8 g]e;{n] ;f7L
xhf/ a/fa/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 :yfgLo g/ axfb'/ ;fpFbn] eg], of] ufpFsfnfO{ olt ;'lawf
ubf{ klg jf:tf g} 5}g . ;/;kmfO tyf 5fpk8Lsf] If]qdf w]/} r]tgf d'ns sfo{qmdx?
u/] t/ To;sf] kl/0ffd zf}rfnodf g} 5fpuf]7 cfkm" zf}rfno hfg' k/] vf]nf
tyf h+un . xfdL t k'/fgf dfG5] xfdLnfO{
zf}rfnodf hfg] afgL g} 5}g . xfdLnfO{ t h+un g} ;lhnf] nfUg] :yfgLo a[4f
wf}nLb]aL ;fpFbn] elgg\ .
laleGg lgsfox?n] ;/ ;/kmfO{sf]
If]qdf w]/}nfO{ tflnd lbPsf] 5 . t/ tflndstf{x? g} zf}rfnosf] nflu h+un hfg
5f]8\b}gg\ .
cf]em]ndf sflnsf eujtL dlGb/
8f]6Lsf] k"aL{rf}sL ufpFkflnsf
& df -;flassf] kf]v/L ufla; ;n]gfdf cjl:yt sflnsf eujtL dlGb/ dd{t ug{
>f]t ;fwg cefasf sf/0fn] cf]em]ndf kb}{ uPsf] 5 .
dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu xfdLn]
ufla; tyf lhNnfdf kxn uof}+{ t/ st}af6 klg o;sf] ;'g'jfO ePg . xfd|f] of]
P]ltxfl;s dlGb/sf] kl/;/ tyf dlGb/ g} hL0f{ aGb} uPsf] &) aifL{of :yfgLo
/0f axfb'/ v8\sfn] atfP .
xfdLnfO{ d7 dlGb/sf] w]/} cf:yf x'G5 . t/ of] k'/fgf] dlGb/df ePsf]n] cj:yf gfh's aGb}
uPsf] !)* aifL{of a[4 bn axfb'/ v8\sfn] atfP . pgn] dlGb/sf] larsf] kLknnfO{
b]vfpFb} eg], d}n] of] kLkn () aif{ cuf8L nufPsf] x'F . clxn] o;sf] ;+/If0f ug{
g;Sbf cf]Olng] cj:yfdf 5 . pgn] eg],
dnfO{ clxn] 5f]/fsf] h;/L of] kLknn] zLtn lbP/ arfO/x]sf] 5 . laz]if u/L
aif{sf] b'O{ 7"nf bz}+ -a8f bz} / r}t] bz}+_ x?df d]nf nfUg] u5{ . oxfF
bz}sf] ;dodf dfq xf]Og cGo ;dodf klg cGo kj{x?df klg d]nf nfUg] u5{ .
kxf8sf 9'ª\ufaf6 cfDbfgL ug{
;lsg]
kxf8sf 8fF8fkfvfdf ePsf 9'ª\ufaf6
/fd|f] cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsg] eP klg klxrfg x'g g;Sbf v]/ u}/x]sf] pkIf]qLo k|zf;s
;'/]Gb| kf}8]nn] atfP .
kf}8]nn] eg], kxf8L e]usf kxf8 tyf
gbLdf kfO{g] 9'ª\uf k|zf]wg u/]/ laleGg k|sf/sf /Tg kYy/ agfpg ;lsg] eP klg
xfn;Dd To:tf] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u lasf; ;ldlt
/fhk'/sf] cfof]hgfdf tLg dlxgfb]lv hf/L tflndsf] ;dfkg sfo{qmddf af]Nb} pgn]
pQm s'/f atfPsf x'g . g]kfndf ePsf laleGg /TgkYy/sf] klxrfg x'g g;Sbf 9'ª\ufsf]
?kdf lab]zdf t:s/L x'g] u/]sf] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u lasf; ;ldlt /fhk'/sf
lgb]{zs dfwa ;'a]wLn] atfP . laleGg
ls;dsf ax'dNo /Tg kYy/sf] klxrfg ug]{ 1fg gx'Fbf k|of]u tyf k|zf]wg x'g g;s]sf]
;'a]bLsf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnddf 8f]6L, 88]Nw'/f, s}nfnL /
afh'/f lhNnfdf #$ hgf ;xefuLnfO{ tflnd lbPsf] klg lgb]{zs ;'a]bLn] hfgsf/L lbP
. cfkm\gf j/k/ /x]sf laleGg k|sf/sf kYy/ klxrfg ug{ tyf k|zf]wg ug{sf nflu
tflndsf ;xefuL of]Uo ePsf] d'Vo k|lzIfs
/fdaxfb'/ yfkfn] atfP .
d'Vo k|lzIfs yfkfn] eg], /Tg kYy/
wfld{s tyf Aofkf/Ls lx;fan] /fd|f] cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t eP klg Aofkf/Ls ?kdf lasf;
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lab]zaf6 cfoft x'g] kYy/ xhf/f}+ vr{ ug]{ u/]sf] eP klg :yfgLo
/Tg kYy/n] ahf/ kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
To;}n] ;'b"/ kxf8 /Tg kYy/sf] vfgL g} ePsf]n] o;nfO{ pkof]u ug'{k5{ .
3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u lasf; ;ldltsf]
sfof{non] ut aif{ klg /TgkYy/ k|zf]wg ;DaGwL tflnd ;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] . ut
aif{df sfof{non] k|zf]wg u/]sf kYy/ klg laqmL gePsf] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u lasf;
;ldltn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
k|lt kYy/ # ;ob]lv % ;o;Dd kg]{
ePklg :yfgLo ;'grfFbL Aofa;foLn] aflx/af6 kYy/ cfoft ubf{ tflndsf qmddf k|zf]wg
ul/Psf] /Tg kYy/ laqmL x'g g;s]sf] lgb]{zs dfwa ;'a]bLn] atfP .
tfldndf % hgf k'?if / @( hgf
dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u lasf; ;ldlt /fhk'/n]
laleGg ;Lk d'ns tflnd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
lagf sf/0f ljBfno aGb
g]qlaqmd rGb …ljKnjÚ g]t[Tjsf] g]skf
dfcf]jfbL lgs6 clvn qmflGtsf/Ln] lagf sf/0f ha/h:tL ljBfno aGb u/fPsf 5g\ .
ljKnj lgs6 clvn qmflGtsf/Ln] lhNnf
;x;lrj /d]z ;fpFbsf] l/xfO{sf] d'Vo dfu /fVb} lghL If]qsf ljBfno aGb u/fPsf] 5
. ;x;lrj ;fpFbnfO{ zlgaf/ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no s}nfnLn] lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ u]6fdf /x]sf] wgu9L pk dxfgu/kflnsf sfof{no ;fOg af]8{df d]6fP/
…wgu9L pk dxfgu/kflnsfsf] hgkl/ifbÚ n]v]sf] cf/f]kdf kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] .
t/, clvn qmflGtsf/Ln] eg] df]8{g
P]/fsf lk|lG;kn cf/;L ofbjn] ;x ;lrj ;fpFbnfO{ kqmfp ug{ nufPsf] bfaL ub}{
ljBfno aGb u/fPsf] 5 . s]xL lbgcl3 clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf sfo{stf{n] lk|lG;kn
ofbjdfly sfnf]df];f] bNg'sf ;fy} b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf lyP . 36gfkl5 lk|lG;kn ofbjn] ;x;lrj ;fpFb,
ljdn wfdL, s]zj pkfWofo / O{i6'sf s]G›Lo ;b:o wd{/fh e§lj?4 k|x/L sfof{nodf
ph'/L lbP klg cfOtaf/ g} d'2f lkmtf{ lnO;s]sf 5g\ .
clvn qmflGtsf/Ln] eg] ;f]daf/b]lv
…z}lIfs x8\tfnÚ 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . ljBfno ;~rfnsx¿n] lgjf{rg cfrf/;+lxtf
ljkl/t sfd u/]sf] eGb} k|x/Ln] sfg'gL sf/afxL cl3 a9fPsf]df clvn qmflGtsf/Ln]
cfˆgf] :jfy{sf nflu xhf/f}+ ljBfyL{sf] eljZodfly v]njf8 ul//x]sf] cf/f]k nufP .
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, s}nfnLsf
k|jQmf, k|x/L gfoj pk/LIfs jL/axfb'/ a'9fdu/n] k|x/Ln] /d]znfO{ lgjf{rg
cfrf/;+lxtf ljkl/t sfd u/]sf]n] kqmfp u/]sf] atfP . pgn] lzIfsdfly b'Jo{jxf/
u/]sf] k'li6 gePsf] / ;f] ph'/L ph'/Lstf{ :jo+n] cfOtaf/ g} lkmtf{ lnO;s]sf]
atfP .
z}lIfs ;q @)&$ z'? ePsf] @% lbg
eO;s]sf] 5 t/, ;+:yfut ljBfnox¿ jf/Daf/
aGb eO/x]sfg] ljBfyL{sf] cWofkg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] xgg\ ePsf] cgf}krf/Ls If]q
;]jf s]G›sf O{G;]s If]qLo ;+of]hs v8\s/fh hf]zLn] atfP .
afh'/fdf @)
k|ltztn] ux'F pTkfbgdf a[4L
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no afh'/fn]
ljt/0f u/]sf] pGgt hftsf] aLpsf sf/0f o; jif{ afh'/fdf @) k|ltztn] ux'F pTkfbg
a9]sf] 5 .
ux'Fv]tLsf nflu cg's"n df};d,
pGgt hftsf] aLp k|of]u / v/]8Lsf] k|efj sd k/]sf sf/0f pTkfbg a9]sf] sfof{nosf
lgldQ s[lif ljsf; clws[t dLgk|;fb h}zLn] atfP .
tYofÍ cg';f/ cfly{s jif{
@)&!÷&@ df gf} xhf/ ! ;o @) x]S6/ hldgdf !$ xhf/ % ;o (@ d]l6«s 6g ux'F
pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] . t/ v8]/Lsf sf/0f ut jif{ ^ ;o ^) d]l6«s 6g sd ux'F pTkfbg
ePsf] lyof] .
cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df !@
xhf/ # ;o !@ d]l6«s 6g ux'F pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] . cfj @)&#÷&$ df !$ xhf/
& ;o &% d]l6«s 6g ux'F pTkfbg ePsf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . cfly{s jif{
@)&!÷&@ df k|ltx]S6/ ! bzdnj ^ k|ltzt, cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df !
bzdnj # k|ltzt tyf cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ df ! bzdnj * k|ltztsf b/n]
pTkfbg a9]sf] h};Ln] hfgsf/L lbP .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf pGgt hftsf] aLpsf
sf/0f pTkfbg a9]kl5 s[ifs v';L ePsf 5g\ . s[ifsnfO{ 8An' s] !@)$ hftsf] ux'Fsf]
aLp ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . afh'/f vfB c;'/Iffsf sf/0f pRr hf]lvddf 5 . lhNnfnfO{
vfB kf]if0f ;'/Iff a9fpg] u/L pTkfbg sfo{qmd cl3 a9fOPsf] s[lif k|fljlws nlntf
rf}w/Ln] atfOg .
(# xhf/ ;Nnfaf6 vf]6f]
afh'/fsf ljleGg ;fd'bflos agaf6
em08} (# xhf/ ;Nnfaf6 Ps nfv $& xhf/ lsnf] vf]6f] ;+sng x'g] ePsf] 5 .
al8dflnsf gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf !^
;fd'bflos jg / uf}d'n ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf] Ps ;fd'bflos jgaf6 k|To]s jif{ b'O{
sDkgLn] vf]6f] ;+sng u/]/ n}hfg] u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . vf]6f] ;+sngsf nflu
dgsfdgf /f]lhg Sofldsn pBf]u k|fln / lxpFr'nL sDkgLnfO{ ;+sng cg'dlt lbOPsf]
lhNnf jg sfof{no afh'/fsf lgldQ jg clws[t dgs'df/ 5GTofnn] atfP .
;fd'bflos jgdf /x]sf k|lt?vaf6 rf/
lsnf] vf]6f] ;+sng ug{ kfOG5 5 . vf]6f] ;+sngsf nflu dgsfdgf /f]lhg Sofldsn
pBf]u k|fln g]kfnuGhnfO{ !) j6f ;fd'bflos jg / lxpfr'nL pBf]u sDkgLnfO{ ;ftj6f
;fd'bflos jgaf6 vf]6f] ;+sng ug{ cg'dlt lbOPsf] lhNnf jg sfof{nosf /]~h/
ljzfns'df/ nfdfn] hfgsf/L lbP .
vf]6f] ;+sng r}tb]lv sflQs;Dd dfq
ug{ kfpg] nfdfn] atfP . dgsfdgfn] Ps xhf/ tLg ;o *) dfp ?v / #^ xhf/ 5 ;o *$
cGo ?v u/L #* xhf/ ^$ j6f ;Nnfsf ?vaf6 vf]6f] ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 .
vf]6f] ;+sngsf nflu rf/ xhf/ cf7 ;o
() d'Vo ?v / %) xhf/ kfFr ;o @( u/L %% xhf/ rf/ ;o !( ?vaf6 vf]6f] ;+sng ug{sf
nflu lxpFr'nL sDkgLnfO{ cg'dltkq lbOPsf] 5 . lxpFr'nLn] b'O{ ;o !$ bzdnj &)
a9L lsnf] vf]6f] ;+sng ul/Psf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 .
vf]6f] ;+sngsf nflu dgsfdgf /f]lhg
pBf]un] #^ xhf/ 5 ;o *$ of]Uo ?vaf6 Ps nfv $^ xhf/ ;ft ;o #^ lsnf] vf]6f]
;+snng u/L lgof{tsf nflu cg'dltkq lbOPsf] sDkgLsf eLdk|;fb kf}8]nn] atfP .
vf]6f] ;+sngkl5 g]kfnuGh lgof{t x'g] ePsf] 5 . vf]6f] ;+sngkl5 sfk]{g t]n agfP/
/ªdf ld;fpg k|of]u ul/g] kf}8]nsf] egfO 5 .
hf]lvd df]n]/ ofqf ug{ afWo
88]Nw'/fsf] Ps ltxfO{ hg;+Vof /x]sf]
lelq dw]z k/z'/fd gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbf plrt ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cefj x'bf hf]lvd
df]n]/ ofqf ug{ afWo ePsf 5g\ .
88]Nw'/f lhNnfsf] clwsf+z hg;+Vof
ePsf] lelqdw]z cGtu{t kg]{ b}hL a'8/ ;8s v08df dfu cg';f/sf] oftfoft ;]jf gePsf] ;a{;fwf/0f
ofq'x?sf] u'gf;f] /x]sf] 5 . ;a{;fwf/0f
Ps ofq'sf cg';f/ a;df 7fp gk'u] a;n]] 5tdf r9\g glbP klg lhk Aoj;foLx?n] eg]
5tdf r9\g lbg] u/]sf 5g .
cfkm'x? a;sf] Uofn/Ldf / lhksf] leq
l;6df 7fp gkfPkl5 lhksf] 5tdf r9]/ ofqf ug{ afWo ePsf] ;a{ ;fwf/0f ofq'x? atfpF5g . b}hLaf6 hf]ua'8f k'Ubf;Dd lar af6f]df s'g}klg
6flkms kf]i6 gePsf]n] klg hLk Aoj;foLx? ofq'x?nfO{ hf]lvd ofqf u/fpg] u/]sf 5g eg] ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf eg]
clxn];Dd df}g a;]sf] ;a{;fwf/0fx? atfpF5g .
…hkmltaf6 dx]Gb|gu/ cfpg] a; gkfPkl5
;fdfg cf];f/ k;f/ ug]{ lhksf] k5f8L a;]/ ofqf u/]sf]Ú ;a{;fwf/0f ofq' k/z'/fd
gu/kflnsfsL kfj{tL af]x/fn] atfOg .
kfj{tLn] elgg,…;fdfg cf];f/ k;f/
ug]{ lhksf] k5f8L 6flndf a;]sf] ef8f klg 8fOe/n] @% ?k}ofF dfUof] t/ s] ug]{
dx]Gb|gu/ cfpg} kg]{, ef8f hlt eg] klg lbg} k¥of] . o;/L oxfFsf :yfgLox?
lbgx'Fh;f] dsf{df kg]{ u/]sf 5g .
dx]Gb|gu/b]lv hf]ua'8fsf] nflu Pp6f
a; dxfsfnL ;]tL oftfoft ;ldltsf] / Pp6f kjgb't oftfoft ;ldltsf] u/L b'O{6f a;
5'6\g] u/]tf klg Tof] k/z'/fd gu/afl;sf] nflu
k|ofKt gePsf] k/z'/fd gu/kflnsfsf bL3{/fh hf]zLn] atfP . hf]zLn] eg],
of] If]qsf :yfgLox?n] j9L h;f] ofq'jfxs a;df tf]lsPsf] ef8f b/ eGbf a9L /sd
cz'n ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . To:t} Ifdtf eGbf a9L ofq'x? jf]Sg] u/]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{
hf]lvdsf] ofqf em]Ng'kg]{ x'G5 .
oftfoft Joj;foLx?n] dgf]dfgL ubf{
88]Nw'/f nufotsf ofq'x?nfO{ lgs} c;hx ePsf] csf{ Ps hgf ofq'n] atfP . ?6 k|ld6
kfPsf ;8sdf dgf]dfgL ef8f c;'n ugf{n] ofq'x? df/df k/]sf] pgLx? atfp5g .
aemfªdf
a8Ldflnsfsf] gofF a; ;]jf ;'?
kl5Nnf] ;dodf aemfªdf ljleGg oftfoft
Joj;foLx?n] ofq'x?nfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ ljleGg ;'ljwf ;lxtsf a;x? ;+rfngdf NofPsf
5g\ .
aemfªb]lv wgu9L;Ddsf nflu ljleGg
oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldltx?n] ljxfg ^ ah]b]lv lbpF;f] $ ah];Ddsf nflu ;'ljwfo'Qm a;
;]jf lbO{ /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} a8Ldflnsfn] gofF ;'ljwf ;DkGg a; ;]jf ;~rfngdf
NofPsf] 5 .
z'qmaf/ cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdsf]
cfof]hgf u/L a8L dflnsf oftfoft Aofj;foL ;+3 s}nfnLn] ;]jf ;'rf? u/]sf] xf] .
a;df lx6/, rfh{/ lk|m jfO{kmfO{ ;lxtsf] ;'ljwf /x]sf] 5 . ofq'x?sf] lk/
dsf{nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ ;]jf ;'rf? u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf cWoIf tyf a8Ldflnsf a;
Aofj;foL ;+3 wgu9L s}nfnLsf dxf;lra lbn axfb'/ snf}nLn] atfP . wgu9Laf6 aemfª
k'Ug tyf aemfªaf6 wgu9L hfgsf nflu ofq'x?n] lar af6f]df cnkq kg{ gkg]{ pgn]
atfP .
a; kfs{ af6 *. !) hgf ofq' eP
klg lx8\g] t/ ljr af6f]df ofq' k'u]g eg]/ csf]{ a;df a;fNg] tyf ofq'nfO{ g}
cnkq kfg]{ k|j[ltsf] cGTo ug{sf nflu ;]jf ;~rfng u/]sf] dxf;lra snf}nLn] atfP .
o:t} ljBfyL{nfO{ 5'6 ug]{, ul/a
c;xfo AolQmnfO{ ljif]z 5'6 ug]{ ;d]t cfˆgf] ;+3n] lgod agfPsf] pgn] atfP . lar af6f]df ofq'x?nfO{ a; :6fkmx?n] s'g} g
s'g} axfgf agfP/ cK7]/f]df kf/]sf] v08df @$ 306f kmf]g nfO{gsf] ;'ljwf /fv]sf]
atfpb} snf}nLn] kmf]gdf ;Dks{ u/]/
cfkm'n] k/]sf] lk/ tyf c;'ljwf a; :6fkmx?n]
u/]sf] b'Ao{jxf/ ;ldltdf ug{' kg]{ / To:tf :6fk tyf a; dflnsx?nfO{
;ldltn] sfjf{xL ug]{ ;d]t pgn] hfgsf/L lbP .
a8Ldflnsfn] aemfªaf6 wgu9L
s}nfnL;Ddsf nflu laxfg Ps a; / a]n'sf Ps a; ;]jf ;'rf? u/]sf] 5 . ca aemfªaf6
;'b'/klZrd oftfoft, dxfsfnL oftfoft, kjgb't oftfoft, s0ff{nL l/e/ oftfoft,
pu|tf/f oftfoft, / a8Ldflnsf oftfoft u/L ^ j6f a; Aoj;foL ;ldltsf a;x? ;~rfngdf
cfPsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf ofq'x?n] ofqf ubf{ kL8f v]Kg' gkg]{ sfo{qmddf
atfOPsf] 5 .
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
r6\ofªdf k/L Ps} kl/jf/sf $
3fO{t]
8f]6Lsf] af]u6fg ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/
% lwsf{df08f}+df r6\ofªdf k/L Ps} kl/jf/sf rf/ hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g .
lwsf{df08f}+ 8'd/Lsf hag l;+ bdfO{sf] 3/df k/]sf] r6\ofªn] %&
alif{of hag l;+ bdfO{ / pgsf tLg hgf
5f]/Lx? 3fOt] ePsf x'g . * aifL{of
k'gL bdfO{, kfFr aifL{of a]n' bdfO{ / !! aifL{of Hof]tL bdfO{ 3fOt] ePsf] :yfgLo b]a axfb'/ af]x/fn] hfgsf/L
lbPsf 5g .
r6\ofªsf sf/0f 3/ k"0f{?kdf
Wj:t ePsf] 5 . 3/df /x]sf] Ps rf}kfof ;d]t d/]sf] af]x/fn] hfgsf/L lbP . r6\ofª nfUbf sl/a nfv a/fa/sf] Iflt ePsf]
cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . 5f]/Lx?sf] 6fpsf] /
v'§fdf uDeL/ rf]6 nfu]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
df};ddf ePsf] k|lts'ntfsf sf/0fn]
3fO{t]sf] pkrf/ ug{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf n}hfg ;d:of ePsf sf/0f lwsf{df08f}+ pk:jf:Yo
rf}sLsf :jf:YosdL{x? k'u]/ 3fO{t]sf] 3/d}
k'u]/ pkrf/ ul//x]sf] af]x/fn] atfP .
of] df}ifdsf sf/0f laleGg 7fpFx?df
af9L klx/f] tyf r6\ofu+ cfpg] u5{ . o;df ;'/lIft 7fpFdf a:g'kg]{ Pshgf
"csf{ :yfgLon] atfP . pgn] eg] xfdLn] laleGg d]l;g/L ;fdfgx?af6 klg
cfsfzdf cfjfh cfpg] lalQs} Tof] 7fpFaf6 6f9f a:g'kg]{, tL ;fdfgx? aGb ug'{kg]{
x'G5 .
n]v
k};fsf] nfnrdf ef]6 ga]rf}+ .
e"ld/fh hf]zL
:yfgLo tx lgjf{rg glhlsb} 5 .
aiff}{+b]lv :yfgLox?n] cfkm"n] rfx]sf] g]tf kfPsf 5}gg . sl/a aL; aif{ kl5
x'g nfu]sf] :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] ePkl5 b]z tyf lab]zaf6 dtbfg ug{
cfkm\gf] hGdynf] kms{g]sf] lbgk|ltlbg nx/ nfUg] u/]sf] 5 .
r'gfaL rrf{ kl/rrf{ klg plQs} 5 .
lrof k;n nufot laleGg 7fpFdf r'gfa s;/L lhTg] eGg] g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf] ax;
rNb} 5 . kf6L{x?n] klg cf cfkm\gf pDd]bjf/x? 3f]if0ff ub}{5g . sf]xL pDd]bjf/
aGgnfO{ cfkm\gf] k]zf g} /flhgfdf lbP/ d}bfgdf plq;s]sf 5g . t s'g} cfkm\gf]
Aoa;fo g} 7Kk /fv]/ d}bfgdf 5g . s'g ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf s;n] slt k};f
vr{ u/]/ r'gfa lhTg] eGg] laifodf dfq a9L ax; ePsf]]] ;'lgG5 .
xfdL gf]6 lbG5f}+ ef]6 lnG5f}+ eGg] g]tf sfo{stf{x? klg y'k|} b]lvG5 .
cem egf}+ sltko t olg xfp r'gfa lhtfpm eg]/ AolQmut ?kdf
kf6L{sf] k|rf/df nfu]sf 5g . ltgLx?sf] sfd, s;/L dtbftfx?nfO{ 3'; v'jfP/
cfkm\gf] kIfsf agfpg ;Sg] eg]/ k|rf/df 5g . crDdsf] s'/f t o;nfO{ olt
?k}+ofF lbP e}xfN5 eg]/ afs]{lgu+ ug]{x? klg b]lvg yfn] . s] o;/L k};fn]
dtbftfx? lsGg]n] ef]nL ;dfhsf] lasf; unf{ <
lgjf{rg cfof]un] lgjf{rgdf
pDd]bjf/x?n] slt vr{ ug{ kfpg] eg]/ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf j8f
;b:on] a9Ldf Ps nfv %) xhf/ / ;a}eGbf w]/} vr{ ug{ kfpg] dxfgu/kflnsfsf k|d'v /
pkk|d'vn] ;ft nfv %) xhf/ vr{ ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} dxfgu/kflnsfsf
j8f cWoIfsf] r'gfj vr{sf] ;Ldf tLg nfv tf]lsPsf] 5 eg] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v
/ pkk|d'vn] kfFr nfv %) xhf/ / j8f ;b:on] b'O{ nfv %) xhf/ r'gfjdf vr{ ug{
kfpg]5g\ . gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v / pkk|d'vn] rf/ nfv %) xhf/ / j8f ;b:osf] vr{ b'O{
nfvdfq} ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ufpFkflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'vn] tLg nfv %)
xhf/ / j8f cWoIfn] Psnfv %) xhf/ vr{ ug{ kfpg]5g\ . To;afx]s lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldltsf k|d'v / pkk|d'vn] b'O{ nfv %) xhf/ / ;b:on] Ps nfv %) xhf/ vr{ ug{
kfpg] u/L cfof]un] tf]s]sf] xf] .
pDd]bjf/n] dtbftf gfdfjnL vl/b,
;jf/L ;fwg / 3f]8f, ;jf/L OGwg / bfgf, k|rf/k|;f/ ;fdu|L, 9'jfgL, sfo{stf{
kl/rfng, sfof{no ;~rfng nufotdf vr{ ug{sf nflu dfq elgPsf] 5 . t/, oxfF t
;fdfGo j8f tyf gu/kflnsfdf g} #)-#% nfv vr{ gubf{ r'jfa lhltGg eg]/ Tof]
tof/Ldf 5g . o;/L tf]lsPsf] /sd pNnu+3g ub}{ sl/a kfFr rf}yfO{ a9L vr{ u/]/
r'gfa lhTg vf]Hg' kSs} klg hgtf tyf ;dfhsf nflu 3ft x'g' xf] .
r'gfadf cfkm\gf] dtsf] k};f lbg] /
k};f vfg] eg]s} /fHosf zq' h:t} x'g eG5g hfgsf/x? . o;df dbftfx?n] ;hx x'g'
h?/L 5 . of] cawLdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf eg]sf dtbftfx? x'g . dtbftfx?n] h;nfO{
r'gfadf dtbfg uof]{ Tof] ef]nLsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ g]tf xf] . h;nfO dtbftfx?n] dt
lbP/ agfPsf] x'G5 . Tof] g]tfnfO{ g]t[Tjdf k'of{pgsf nflu laleGg ;d'bfosf
bfh'efO ;xof]u u/]/ agfPsf x'G5g . ;xof]u ug]{n] klg s'g cfwf/df ;xof]u u/]sf
5g < cfkm\gf] dt k};fdf a]r]/ sL xfd|f] eGbf /fd|f]nfO{ lhtfpm eGg] cleofgdf
nfu]/ lgZjfy{ ;xof]u u/]sf 5g . Tof] g]t[Tjstf{n] a'em\g'k5{ . lasf;sf nflu
/fd|f]nfO{ lgz'Ns dtbfg ug'{k5{ .
g]tfx?n] t cfkm" g]t[Tj ug{sf
nflu u4f/L sfd u5{g . r'gfadf hfFbf laleGg cfZjf;g lbG5g, k};f af8\5g, sk8f
af8\5g, cfzf b]vfpF5g clg r'gfa lhT5g . nfnrdf nfu]/ dtbfg ubf{ ef]nL hgtfn]
s'/f ug]{ af6f] g} x'b}g . To;}n] dtbftfx?n] k};fsf] nfnrdf laSg' pko'Qm 5}g .
xfdLn] s:tf] g]tfnfO{ dtbfg ug]{ < Tof] a'em\g' h?/L 5 . s'g g]tfn] ubf{
;dfhnfO{ kmfObf ePsf] 5 < sf] g]tfn] ;dfhnfO{ dfof u5{, lasf;sf sfddf lrGtf
u5{ < s'g g]tfn] ubf{ b]z tyf ;dfhnfO{ 3ft e}/x]sf] 5 Tof] /fd|/L a'em]/
/fd|f]nfO{ lgz'Ns dtbfg ug]{ xf] eg] v]/ hfb}g . Tof] g]tfn] klg lgZjfy{ b]zsf]
;]jf u5{ . clg xfdL lasf;sf] ultdf nlDsG5f}+ .
r'gfadf k};f tyf ;fdfg;+u dt lsga]r
ug'{ eGbf 7"nf] u4f/L c? s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] Ifl0fs ?kdf xf]Og
;dfhnfO{ lbuf] ?kdf kmfObf u/fpg' xfd|f] :jfy{ xf] . Totflt/ nfuf}+ . s:tf]
g]tfnfO{ dtbfg ubf{ xfdLnfO{ kmfObf x'G5 < Tof] ;f]r]/ dtbfg u/]df xfdLnfO{
;a} s'/fsf] lbuf] ?kdf kmfObf x'G5 . lasf;sf k"jf{wf/x? cfkm\g} jl/k/L x'G5g . To;f]
eP xfdLnfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] klg sdL ePsf] dxz'; x'b}g .
lautdf klg slt g]tfx?n] r'gfasf]
a]nf sk8f afF8] t/, lr;f] x6fpg] h'lQm afF8]g . k};f afF8\of], k};f sdfpg
l;sfPg . df]afon af8\of], df]afon dd{t ug{ l;sfPg . o;/L laleGg ;fdfgx? afF8]/
Ifl0fs ?kdf kmfObf b]lvg] t/ nuQ} 3ft x'g] sfd u/]sf] xfdLnfO{ caut g} 5 .
ca dtbftfx?n] AolQmut :jfy{, nf]e,
nfnrdf gnfuL ;du| b]zlasf;df 6]jf k'of{pg] p2]Zon] g]tfnfO{ cfkm"n] 5gf}6
u/L dtbfg ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . xfdL Ifl0fs :jfy{d} nfUgfn] krf;f}+ aif{ k5f8L
kl/;s]sf 5f}+ . /fd|f] g]tf / /fd|f] g]t[Tj gkfPsf sf/0fn] .
ufpFufpFdf uP/ laleGg cfZjf;g lbg] /
lht]kl5 kms]{/ klg gx]g]{ u/]sf g]tfx? w]/} km]/L ;s]sf 5g xfdf ;dfhn] . of]
;+lawfg;efsf] lgjf{rg xf]Og . of] :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg xf] . To;}n] sf]xL
kqsf/, sf]xL g]tf, sf]xL lzIfs, sf]xL Aofkf/L, sf]xL ;a{;fwf/0fx? cfpb}5g
ufpFufpdf ef]6 dfUgnfO{ . ltgLx? sf] x'g t < s:tf] vfn] x'g < lxhf]sf]
lbg;Dd ltgLx?n] s] s:tf sfdx? u/]sf lyP < ;dfh tyf b]znfO{ 6]jf k'Ug] u/L
< dtbftfx?n] cWoog ug'{ h?/L 5 . ef]nL cfkm"n] lbPsf] dt v]/ ghfcf]; .
k};fsf] nfnrdf gnfUg] xf] eg] ef]nL g]tfx? klg cfkm}+ ;'lw|g]5g . r'gfasf] a]nf dt cfkm\gf kIfdf kfg{sf nflu
af8\g] ;fdfgx? klg vfg] dtbftf gkfPdf kl5 ltg} g]tfx? af8\g cfpg] 5g of]hgfx?
NofP/ .
sltko t o:tf klg cfpg yfn] ls
r'gfasf] a]nf s]Gb|;+u lns+ 5 eGb} ufpFufpFdf k:g yfn] ef]6 dfUgnfO{ . /fhwfgL
g5f]8\g]x? klg u[x lhNnfdf cfP/ l6s6sf nflu bf}8w'k ub}{5g . hgtfn] gfd g}
g;'g]sf, cg'xf/ g} gb]v]sfx? g]tfx? cfPsf 5g ufpFufpdf . cfpFb}5g klg . stf stf
;'lgG5 olt olt k};f afF8] kl5 xfdLnfO{ ef]6 lbOxfN5g eG5g /] lo g]tfsf] gfddf
sns+x? . sf] AolQmut g]tf xf], sf] ;fdflhs g]tf xf] Tof] laleGg ;dfhn]
a'lem;s]sf 5g . ca g]tf eP/ cfpg]x?n] o:tf s'/fdf klg Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf xfdLn] nfnrdf nfu]/ a]r]sf] dtn] xfdLnfO{ g} 3ft x'g]5 eg]/ yfxf
x'Fbf klg Ifl0fs :jfy{sf] nfnrdf a9L xf]ldPsf 5g . To;f] ubf{ ;a} s'/fdf xfdL
k5f8L kb}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . nf]e nfnrdf nfUg] dtbftfx?n] klg o:tf s'/fdf Wofg lbg'
h?/L 5 .
r'gfadf xfdLn] lsga]r u/]sf] dt
To;}lbg 6'lu+G5 . g]tf / dtbftfsf ;DaGw klg To;}lbg 6'lu+G5 . h;/L xfdL k;ndf
;fdfg lsG5f}+ . To;}n] xfdLnfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd ;DaGw alnof] agfpgsf nflu nfnrdf
gkm:g' /fd|f] x'G5 . ;fy} ;dfhsf ;a{;fwf/0f hgtfx?nfO{ of] laifodf r]tgf
km}nfpg' h?/L 5 . clxn] hfgsf/L u/fpg] ;do k|z:t} 5, olb kl5 uP/ k:tfpg' gk/f];
.
e|i6frf/L, OHhtsf] Vofn gug]{,
a]OdfgLx?;+u ldn]/ cfkm\gf] ef]6sf] afs]{lgu+ ug]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] slxNo} Gofo
kfpb}gf}+ . a}t8LsL k'hf af]x/fsf h:tf dlxnf lbbLalxgLx?sf kL8f To;}df ;Lldt
x'G5g . sfd u/]/ vfg] dhb'/ bfh'efO{x?sf] kl;gfsf] d'No slxNo} kfOb}g .
kLl8tx?n] yk kL8f ef]Ug' k5{ . kL8sx? emg xf};nfdf pqG5g . km]/L nfrf/x?n]
cfkm\gf] ;Qf l6Sgsf nflu b]zsf s'gf sGb/f g} a]R5g . To;}n] k};fsf] k5f8L xf]Og
/fd|f] / ;Ifd g]t[Tj ug]{ ef]nL ;a}sf cfjfhx?nfO{ ;dfa]z ug{ ;Sg] g]tfnfO{
dtbfg ug'{ clxn]sf] d'Vo cfjZostf xf] .
r'gfasf] a]nf ;w}+ k};f tyf laleGg
gSsnL ;/;fdfg af8\b} lx8\g] g]tf /
jf:tlas ;dfhsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ l6Kg], lrof v'jfpg klg k};f vr{ gug]{ g]tfnfO{
a'em\g] xf] eg] cfsfz kftfnsf] km/s kfOG5 . k};fn] Ifl0fs ?kdf h] klg lsGg ;S5
t/ Tof] lbuf] ?kdf eg] rNg ;Sb}g . cfhsf] lha|f]sf] :jfb xf]Og, xfdLnfO{
ef]nLsf] nflu lasf; rflxPsf] 5 . xfdL;+u}sf laleGg b]zx? slt cuf8L a9L ;s] .
Tof] xfd|} cuf8L 5n{+u} 5g . xfdLn] eg] krf;f}+ aif{ k5f8L ws]lng' k/]sf] 5 . o:t} e|i6 g]t[Tjsf sf/0fn] xf]
wslnPsf] .
xfd|f] b]zdf e|i6frf/L g]tf,
sfo{stf{ tyf sd{rf/Lx? df}nfpg'df klg xfdL dtbftfx?sf] xft 5 . olb xfdLn] ;Rrf
b]znfO{ dfof ug]{, d eGbfklg xfdL eGg], d]/f] eGbf klg xfd|f] eGg], r'gfasf]
lbg dfq xf]Og c? ;dodf klg xfd|f cj:yfx? a'em\g], r'gfadf k};f af8\g] xf]Og
;d:of l6Kg] g]tfnfO{ dtbfg u/]sf xfdL w]/} cuf8L a9L;s]sf x'GYof}+ .
xfdLnfO{ g} kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg], lasf;
lgdf{0f nufot laleGg sfddf :yfgLox?nfO{ g} sfd u/fpg ;Sg] g]t[Tjsf] vfFrf] 5
xfd|f] ;dfhnfO{ . To;}n] hgtfn] rfx]sf] / b]zn] dfu]sf] g]tfnfO{ dtbfg ug]{ xf]
eg] lasf;df xfdL lgs} cuf8L a9\g] 5f}+ .
g]tf eP/ dt dfUg cfpg]nfO{ /fd|/L
a'emg' h?/L 5 . ;dfhdf ePsf las[lt la;u+ltx?, ei6frf/sf] cGTo ug]{ jfnf xf] sL
e|i6frf/nfO{ ;fy lbP/ k};f c;'Ng]jfnf xf]
. k|rf/ df cfP/ bf]>f] k6s klg ufpF ufpdf cfpYof] sL, hgtfnfO{ cfZjf;g dfq
lbP/ rfKn';L dfq uYof]{ < of ;fFlRrs} lasf; u5'{, ;dfhnfO{ cuf8L a9fp5' eGg]
vfnsf] lyof] < Tof] ;a} a'em]/ dtbfg ug'{ h?/L 5 .
Psrf]6Lsf] ld7f] eg] h:t} gf]6df
ef]6 a]Rg] xf] eg] Tof] If0fsf] nflu dfq xf] . Psl5g d} :jfxfM x'G5 . ;dfhdf
df5f lbg] g]tf xf]Og, df5f dfg{ l;sfpg] g]tfsf] vfFrf] 5 . em'6 5nsk6 ug]{
xf]Og, ;dfhnfO{ ;xL af6f] lt/ 8f]of{pg ;xof]u ug]{ g]tfsf] vfFrf] 5 . d eGbf
klg xfd|f] eGg], cfkm"nfO{ eGbf xfdLnfO{ eGg]sf] cfjZos 5 . k};fn] dt
lsGg] g]tf xf]Og, lasf;sf of]hgfn] dt lsGg] g]tfsf] cfjZos 5 . hf] k};fn] ef]6
lsGg] k|of; u5{ To;n] s]xL sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . hlt ef]6 lsGgdf k};f nufpF5 kl5
lht]kl5 Tof] r'gfadf vr{ u/]sf] k};f, e|i6frf/ u/]/ c;'n u5{ . afFsL p;sf] c;'n ug]{ s'g} cfwf/ g} x'b}g eg]
To:tfnfO{ dtbfg ubf{ emg b]z g} hf]lvddf k5{ . hf] kf6L{sf] hf] g]tf cfPklg
xfd|f] eGbf /fd|f]nfO{ dtbfg u/]df
cfkm"n] lbPsf] ef]6 v]/ hfb}g . æPs lbg ufpFdf ef]6 dfUg cfP/ ;a} ;d:ofx?
8fo/Ldf l6Kg] . To;kl5 r'gfa lhTg] clg
kms]{/ klg gx]g]{ . 8fo/L klg pt} x/fpg]Æ g]tfx?sf] sfd 5}g . tLgn] ef]6
dfUg hfg' klg nfh krfP/ xf] . dtbfg o:tfnfO{ ug]{, h;n] ubf{ :jfy{df glas]/
ef]nL kLl8tsf] 3fpdf dndkl§ nufpg ;xof]u u5{ Tof] g]tfn] . kLl8tsf cfjfh x?nfO{
;Daf]wg u5{, ;dfhdf lasf;sf] 9f]sf vf]N5 . To:tf]nfO{ dtbfg u/]df xfdL g} gofF
d'n'ssf] cg'ea ug]{5f}+ .
dtbftfx?n] klg a'em]/ dtbfg ubf{
/fd|f] xf]nf . To;}n] g]tfx?n] klg gf]6 af]s]/ xf]Og, lasf;sf of]hgfx? af]s]/
ef]6 dfUg hfFbf /fd|f] x'G5 . k};fn] lsg]sf] dt slt;Dd lbuf] aGnf < Tof] g]tfx?n] g} a'em\g . ef]6 dfUg
hfFbf gf]6 lnP/ xf]Og lasf;sf of]hgfx? lnP/ hfg] xf] eg] r'gfa lhltG5 .
snf, ;+:s[lt / ;flxTo
uhn
of] ;fFem clg, laxfgaf6 kLl8t 5'
a]bgfsf] cfFwL, t'kmfgaf6 kLl8t 5' .
g xfF:g lbG5, g /dfpg lbG5
d d]/f] eujfgaf6 kLl8t 5' .
cfkm" pqL dnfO{ 8'afpg vf]Hg]
cfkmGtx?sf], a]Odfgaf6 kLl8t 5'
oxfF pbfP kl5 c:tfpg} kg]{
b}asf] of] ljwfgaf6 kLl8t 5' .
u0f]z ;+3if{
lzv/ g=kf= !! 8f]6L
d'Qms
lhGbuL e/ ¿b} lx8\g], agfP/ uof} .
cfFvfaf6 cfF;' lug]{, agfP/ uof} .
xhf/ sf]l;; ubf{klg, ltd|f] ofbnfO
d]6fpg .
hlt d]6\of] d'6' lrg]{, agfP/ uof} .
wg]z af]x/f la/xL
-slatf_
d d/]k5L
d d/]k5L
lalng]5g d]/f uhnsf 6'qmfx?
xfjf cfˆg} ;'/df ;':tfO/xg] 5
p;} u/L rDsg] 5g tf/fx?,
3fDsf lemNsfn] To:;} u/L kf]N5g xf]nf
;]tf] sfqf]df a]l/Psf] d]/f] z/L/
af:sf] lrtfdf t]l;{g] 5
nfd nfu]sf dnfdL;+u}
;':t ;':t 3f6 tkm{
5'§} klxrfg lnP/
k'U5 xf]nf d]/f] z/L/
d d/]k5L
kf]lng]5' cfuf]sf] lemNsfx?n]
v/fgLx'g]5g d]/f g;f g;f
cgL dlsg]5g d]/f xl8x?,
la:tf/} la:tf/} Wj:t x'g]5 d]/f] z/L/
v/fgL eP/ lalng]5 df6f];+u}
Tolxaf6 cGTo x'g]5 d]/f] lhGbuL
d dl/k5L
pdf uf}td
;flxTosf/
ltdL g} cfdf
dnfO{ w/tLdf ltdLn] g} Nofof}+
dnfO{ cfsf; ltdLn] g} lrGxfof}+
dnfO{ d x'g'sf] cy{af]w u/fO{
O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj ltdLn] g} b]vfof}+
dfofsf] kl/efiff ltdLn] l;sfof}+
lx8\g–af]Ng–k9\g
vfg–a:g–;'Tg l;sfpg]
dnfO{ sv/f lrGxfpg] klxnf] u'?,
ltdLg} klxnf] laBfno
dnfO{ O{Zj/ lrGxfpg]
ltdLg} klxnf] b]jfno
d]/f] O{Zj/ ltdL, d]/f] dfof ltdL
ltdLg} u'?, ltdLg} dflns, ltdLg} ljwftf
>[i6Lsf] dxfg pkxf/ xfdLnfO{ ltdL g} xf] dftf
c? s] g} 5g\ / o; w/tLdf lg:jfy{ ;]jf ug]{
ltdL g} cfdf, ltdL g} xf] dftf
cfdf ltdL g} ..
8f=uf]ljGbl;+x /fjt, 6f]/f]G6f]
v]n va/
blIf0f Pl;ofnL of]uf g]kfndf
;'?
g]kfn of]u v]ns'b ;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf
k|yd blIf0f Pl;ofnL of]uf RoflDkog l;k cfOtaf/ b]lv ;ftbf]af6f ]l:yt cGt/fli6«o
v]ns'b kl/;/df ;'? ePsf] 5 .
k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnaf6 &^, ef/t
af6 &) / a+unfb]zaf6 !& k|lt:kwL{ ;xefuL 5g\ . * b]lv !@, !@ b]lv !$,
!$ b]lv !* / !* b]lv #% jif{ pd]/;d"xdf k|lt:kwf{ eO/x]sf] 5 . k|ltof]lutf
#% :j0f{sf nflu x'Fb}5 . Pl;ofd} klxnf] k6s of]ufsf] RoflDkog l;k ePsf] cfof]hs
of]u v]ns'b ;+3sf dxf;lrj r"8fdl0f v/]nn] hgfPsf 5g\ .
sf7\df08f}+df ;'? ePsf] of]uf
RoflDkog ;Lk k|ltof]lutf g]kfnsf laleGg 7fpFdf ;~rfng x'g] v/]nn] atfP . pgn]
eg], g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7\df08f}+df ;'? eP nuQ} b]zsf cGo ;x/x?df klg la:tf/
la:tf/} ;~rfng ug]{ ;f]r agfPsf 5f}+ . s]xL ;dod} cGo ;x/df klg ;~rfng x'g] 5 .
rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg
( lbgdf sdfof] Ps xhf/ s/f]8
klxnf] lbgaf6} wdfs]bf/ Jofkf/
u/]sf] afx'anL @ sf] /ˆtf/ cem} sd ePsf] 5}g . k|bz{gsf] gjf}+ lbg;Dd cfOk'Ubf
of] lkmNdn] ! xhf/ s/f]8 ef? sdfO{ u/]sf] 5 .
! xhf/ s/f]8sf] cfFs8f 5'g] of]
klxnf] ef/tLo lkmNd xf] . o; lkmNdn] ef/tdf * ;o s/f]8 / cf]e/l;hdf @ ;o s/f]8
cfDbfgL u/]sf] 5 . afx'anL @ sf cleg]tf k|ef;n] lkmNdsf] of] ;kmntfsf nflu
ˆofgx?k|lt cfef/ JoQm ub}{ km];a'sdf ;Gb]z n]v]sf 5g\ .
Jofkf/ ljZn]ifsx?sf cg';f/ …afx'anLÚ
^ ;o %) s/f]8sf] Jofkf/ u/]sf] lyof] . t/ afx'anL @ n] clxn]s} /ˆtf/df cl3 a9\bf
b'O{ xhf/ s/f]8sf] Jofkf/ ug{ ;Sg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
afx'anL @ n] cfld/ vfgsf] lkmNd
…kLs]Ú sf] nfOkm6fOd sn]Szg -& ;o (@ s/f]8_ sf] /]s8{nfO{ tf]8\b} Ps xKtfd}
* ;o ^) s/f]8 sdfPsf] lyof] . Jofkf/ ljZn]ifs /d]z afnfsf cg';f/ Ps xKtfdf
afx'anL @ sf] ljZjJofkL x'b cfDbfgL % ;o $% s/f]8 ef? k'u]sf] 5 . s/;d]t
hf]8\bf of] cfFs8f ^ ;o (% s/f]8 ?k}ofF k'U5 .
…kj{Ú sf] gofF uLt l/lnh
rnlrq …kj{Ú df ;dfj]z …sfn] bfO{
sfn] bfO{Ú af]nsf] uLtn] o'6'adf ! s/f]8 eGbf a9L bz{ssf] ;fy kfO;s]sf] 5 . of]
uLt clxn] bz{ssf] d'vdf em'lG8Psf] 5 .
klxnf] uLtn] ! s/f]8 eGbf a9L bz{s
kfPkl5 o;sf] lgdf{0fkIfn] rnlrqdf ;dfj]z bf]>f] uLt ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .
;'jf; lu/L / lglstf kf}8]nsf] lgdf{0fdf tof/ ePsf] of] rnlrqnfO{ lbg]z /fptn]
lgb]{zg u/]sf x'g\ . rnlrqdf ;dfj]z …lhGbufgL ltdLÚ af]nsf] uLtsf] lel8of]
;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] xf] . s]tg If]qLsf] :j/ /x]sf] uLtdf sf]lzz If]qLsf] zAb tyf
;+uLt 5 .
of] uLtsf] b[Zo pTs[i6 5 . ;fydf,
rnlrqsf d'Vo snfsf/ gflosf gd|tf >]i7 / ufos tyf gfos sf]lzz If]qLsf]
s]d]i6«L uhasf] b]lvPsf] 5 . rnlrqdf dfnf lnDa', s]zj e§/fO{, h]ljsf sfsL{
nufotsf snfsf/sf] klg clego 5 .
slj/fh uxt/fhsf] sf]l/of]u|fkmL,
/fh]z >]i7sf] 5fof+sg, sf]lzz If]qLsf] syf, ls/0f dfOsn l3ld/]sf] k6syf tyf
;+jfb, jlgif zfxsf] ;Dkfbg, rG› kGtsf] PS;g of] rnlrqdf 5 . ;:k]G; y|Ln/ syfdf
ag]sf] of] rnlrqsf] 6«]n/ klg ?rfOPsf] 5 . of] rnlrq h]7 !@ ut]af6 b]ze/ l/lnh
x'Fb}5 .
df]km;n
kqsfl/tf
kqsf/sf] d]xgt cg';f/ tna
ldNb}g .
ljgo bLlIft -k|d'v ;+afbbftf_
b}lgs
g]kfnu~h, g]kfnu~h
tkfO+{sf] k'/f kl/ro kfpF g <
d]/f] gfd ljgo bLlIft xf] . d afFs]
g/}gfk'/ ufpFkflnsf j8f g+=% df a:5' . clxn] g]kfnuGh j8f g+=& df klg a:b}
cfPsf] 5' . ;dfhzf:qdf Pd=P u/]sf] 5' clxn] PnPnaL k9L /x]sf] 5' . pd]/ @( jif{
eof] . clxn] afFs]af6 k|sflzt x'g] b}lgs g]kfnuGh klqsf / hgtf 6]lnlehgdf sfd
ub}{5' . s]xL ;do ef/tLo klqsf b}lgs hfu/0fdf klg sfd u/]+ .
tkfO{n] lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf /f]Hg' eof]
<
@)^! ;fndf ufpFsf Pshgf AolQm;+u k|x/L
/ s]xL g]tfn] /sd c;'n u/]sf lyP . pQm 36gfdf d ;lxt d]/f ;fyLx? dsa'n cxd
d's]/L, /fd lgjf; ofbjn] ;+o''Qm e"ldsf lgjf{x ubf{ k|zf;gn] k|x/L
OGrfh{nfO{ sf/jfxL u/]sf], / kLl8t AolQm o'g'; z]ifsf] ( xhf/ ^ ?k}ofF lkmtf{
ePsf] lyof] . pQm 36gf k"/} If]qdf rlr{t eof] / ;a}n] dnfO{ dxfg sfd
u/]em}+ k|f]T;flxt u/], / dnfO{ nfUof] of] If]qdf sfd u/]/ w]/} AolQmsf] sNof0f
ug{ ;lsG5 . clg lj:tf/} @)^@ ;fndf lgikIf Wjlg klqsfaf6 ;'?jft u/]+ . clxn];Dd
To;} lsl;dsf :6f]/Lx?df sfd ug]{ /
kl/jt{g ePsf] x]g{ rfxg] d]/f] of]hgf x'G5 / clwsfFz :6f]/Lx?df d}n]
;kmntf g} xft kf/]sf] 5' .
slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] <
sl/a !@ jif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 .
s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5
<
d ;Fw} s]xL km/s lsl;dn] :6f]/L
n]Vg] k|of; ul//x]sf] x'G5 . lsg eg] kf7sx?nfO{ klg s]xL km/s g} x]g]{ / k9\g]
/x/ x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu b'3{6gfdf kmnfgfsf] d[To' eGbf klg b'3{6gf lsg / s;/L
eof], To;af6 s;sf] s] u'Dof], e|i6frf/ klg bf]ifL x'G5 b'3{6gfdf, cj}w ;jf/L
rfns cg'dlt kq . ;8s lgod nufot ljifodf vf]hL ug]{ / ;dfrf/ n]Vg] d]/f] cEof; 5
. vf;u/L ck/fw / e|i6frf/sf ljifodf d}n] a9L ?rL lnG5' .
kqsfl/tfdf t w]/} ;d:ofx? 5g eG5g lg,
s:tf vfnsf ;d:ofx? kfpg' eof] <
d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] kqsfl/tf leq
k;]sf] c1fgtf / dfkb08xLgtf g} xf] . s'g} sfd ug{ g;s]kl5 sltkon] k|x/L / kqsf/
x'g' k5{ eGg] pbfx/0f klg lbG5g\ . t/, ax';+Vos kqsf/x? ljleGg ljwfdf 1ftf klg
5g\ . d}n] eGg vf]h]sf] s'/f s] xf] eg], tna, Sjfln6L, cWoog, lhDd]jf/L, /
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ha;Dd x'Gg, ta;Dd kqsfl/tfnfO{ /fd|f] eGg] cj:yf 5}g .
:yfgLo :t/df Pp6f AolQm l;+uf] klqsf rnfO{ /x]sf] pbfx/0f xfdL dfem 5 . Tof]
uDeL/ ljifo xf] . d]/f] ;Dkfbs gx'Fbf d}n] ck/fwsf ;dfrf/nfO{ d'Vo agfpF5',
Tof] eGbf a9L dxTjsf] ljifo csf]{ ;fgf] ;dfrf/sf] ?kdf hfG5, cyf{t s'g} sfd
lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy ;DxfNg] AolQm klg plQs} cfjZos 5 . ;a} kbdf /x]sf AolQmx?sf]
rfxgf ;dfg x'Fb}g / c;dfg cfjZostf / rfxgfn] g} l;+uf] ;dfhsf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;S5,
AolQm ljz]ifsf] xftdf dfq} ;+rf/ dfWod ;Lldt x'g' x'Fb}g .
df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf t of]
eGbf klg a9L ;d:ofx? 5g eGg] ul/G5 lg Û
xf], ;d:of ljleGg lsl;dsf 5g\ .
To;df klg kfl/>lds, ;'/Iff / hjfkmb]lxtfsf] ;d:of 5 . kqsf/nfO{ d]xgt cg';f/
tna ldNb}g / p plQs} tnadf Go'g u'0f:t/sf] ;dfrf/ kl:s/x]sf] x'G5 t/, ;dfhsf]
cfjZostf Tof] xf]Og . To;;+u} kf6L{ut ljrf/x? kqsf/df xfaL b]lvG5, cfkm\gf]
g]tfn] l;Gsf] efFr]klg d'Vo ;dfrf/ agfpg] xfd|f] kqsfl/tf 5 . ;dfhn] tL s'/fx?
;lhn} lsl;dn] a'em]sf] x'G5 . s'g}klg ;+rf/ dfWodsf] ljifodf hgtfnfO{ k|Zg ug]{
xf] eg] p;n] ;lhn} eGg ;S5 ls s'g ;+rf/ dfWod s'g kf6L{sf xf] . d'Vo lj8Dagf
olx xf] . o;}af6 kqsf/ dfly x'g] ljleGg ;d:ofx? lgwf{/0f x'G5g\ .
df]km;n} ePklg afFs] lhNnfdf
kqsfl/tfsf] lasf; slQsf] ePsf] 5 < / o; lhNnfdf c? lhNnfsf] eGbf a9L ;d:ofx?
s] s:tf 5g <
afFs]df slDtdf kqsf/x? s]xL gofF
ljifox? p7fg ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/, ;dfrf/nfO{ skL ug]{, x'ax' ;fg]{
;d:of cem} 5 . kqsfl/tf ca cfkm\gf] ljsf; eGbf klg ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] ljifodf
x'g'k5{ . clxn] dfu eg]sf] ljsf; kqsfl/tf xf] . ca xfdL cfkm\gf] ;d:ofnfO{ t
rfF8} ;dfwfg u/]/ cl3 a9\g' kg]{ xf] . /
kqsfl/tfdf xfaL /x]sf] dflns k|yfnfO{ lrg{ ;Sg' k5{ . Pp6f ;Dkfbsn] cfkm\gf]
klqsfnfO{ x]5{ x]b}{g, ToxfF sfd u5{ ub}{g eGg] ljifodf klg kqsf/x?n] ljrf/
ug'{ k5{ . Go'gtd kfl/>lds gkfPsf], lgo'QmL kq gkfPsf], kqsf/sf] ljdf
gePsf], ;b:otfsf nflu ljleGg u'6df gnflu gx'g] ;d:ofx? oyfjt 5g\, o;df ;'wf/
x'g' k5{ .
df]km;n kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ <
;j{k|yd t kqsf/n] ;dodf tna kfpg]
jftfj/0f agfpg' k5{ . To;kl5 ljdfsf] ;'ljwf, ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L x'g' k5{ .
kqsf/n] tgfjd'Qm jftfj/0fdf sfd ug]{ lx;fasf] ;/sf/n] gLlt Nofpg' k5{ . h:t},
kqsf/n] kfpg] ;'ljwfx? kfP gkfPsf] cg'udg / sf/jfxL ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/n]
;DxfNg' k5{ . kqsf/ dxf;+3nfO{ yk lhDd]jf/ agfP/ sfddf nufpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .
tkfO{ cfkm} klg kqsfl/tf k]zfdf w]/}
;dob]lv sfd ub}{ x'g'x'G5, df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] slQsf] e'ldsf v]n]sf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <
kqsf/ dxf;+3 Pp6f /fhgLlt ;d"x
xf] . s'g} g s'g} kf6L{sf] k|ToIf ;xof]uaf6 l6s6 lnPsfx?nfO{ kqsf/n] ef]6 lbP/
kbdf k'of{Psf] xf] . p;sf] sfd sltko a]nf k"jf{u|fxL x'g hfG5, h:t}
Pdfn]sf] kqsf/n] sfFu|];L kqsf/sf] lxtsf] ljifodf s;/L sfd ug{] eGg] ;d:of x'G5
. jf:tljstf olx xf] . kqsfl/tf leq kf6L{sfl/tf k;]sf] :jLsf/ ug'{k5{ . o;nfO{
;'wf/ ug{ ;s] kqsf/sf] u'0f:t/ / ljZj;gLotf ;'wf/ x'GYof] ls .
;~rf/sdL{x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx?n]
df]km;n kqsf/sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu s:tf] e'ldsf v]n]sf] kfpg'x'G5 <
cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] ;+u7gsf nflu sfd
ug'{ :jefljs xf] . s'g} :jtGq kqsf/ 5 eg] To;nfO{ s'g ;+u7gn] slt ;xof]u uof{],
eGg] ljifo dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . k|foM :jtGq kqsf/ kfpg ufx|f] 5 . s'g} g s'g}
kf6L{sf] em08fdf kqsfl/tf eO/x]sf] 5, To; sf/0f kqsf/ dfem c;'/Iffsf r'gf}tLx?
k6s k6s cfO/x]sf] x'G5g .
tkfOsf] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <
d]/f] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf eg]sf], ;dfh
P]gf xf] . h] xf] Tolx xf] eGg] / ToxL n]Vg ;Sg] cfF6 ePsf AolQmx?sf] nflu dfq}
kqsfl/tf k]zf xf] . d cfkm\gf] 3/sf] s'g}klg ;b:osf] unt ljifonfO{ ;dfrf/ agfpg
;Sg] cfF6 ePs} sf/0f kqsfl/tfdf cfPsf] xF'F . h'glbg d cfkm\gf] bfloTj
lgjf{xaf6 sxL r's]sf] dx;'; u5'{ Tolx lbg ;Gofg lnG5' .
tkfO{ t nfUg' ef 5}gg\ xf]nf lg o:tf
s'/fdf Û
cfly{s lx;fan] eGg] xf] eg] clns
hl6n 5 . lsg eg] cfly{s l:ylt ;'wf/ x'g ;Sg] vfnsf] cj:yf 5}g . t/ d]/f] klqsf b}lgs g]kfnuGhn] lgoldt /
;dodf tna e'QmfgL ul//x]sf] 5 . dnfO{ nfU5 df]km;ndf vf;u/L afFs]sf] xsdf
klxnf] klqsf xf] . h;n] lgoldt vftfdf /sd k7fpg] sfd u5{ . To; afx]s rrf{,
k|lti7f / Odfgbfl/tf sdfPs} 5' .
cGTodf eGg} kg]{ s'g} s'/f 5'6] h:tf]
nfu]sf] 5 ls <
cGTodf eGg' kg{] vf;} 5}g, . t/ d tL
kqsf/x?nfO{ eGg rfxG5' hf] kqsfl/tfsf] gfddf dfq ;do Aoltt ul//x]sf 5g\, h;sf]
kqsfl/tfdf s'g} p2]Zo 5}g, pgLx? ;dodf cfkm\gf] jf:tljs k]zf /f]h] x'G5 . lsg eg] kqsfl/tfn] lgs} w]/} ;+3if{
dflu/x]sf] x'G5, tL s'/fx? pgLx?af6 ;Dej gePsf]n] cGo Aoj;fo u/]/ klg afFr]sfx?
w]/} 5g\ ;dfhdf . k]zf kl/jt{gsf] k"0f{ clwsf/ 5 . t/ kqsfl/tf leq ;a}
yf]s unt 5 eGg] pbfx/0f lbg] k/Dk/fnfO{ x6fpg';\ . :jR5 kqsfl/tf ug]{ cfF6sf]
ljsf; ug'{;\, ;a} kqsf/nfO{ d]/f] cfu|x 5 .
;do / larf/sf nflu wGoafb .
oxfFx?nfO{ klg wGojfb, oxfFsf]
k|ltli7t klqsf dfkm{t d]/f s]xL s'/fx? aflx/ ug{ kfPsf]df . wGojfb .
nf]s;]jf
tof/Lsf nflu ;xof]uL
!= % zq' eGgfn] sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, db, dfT;onfO{
hgfpF5 <
@= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] sf/fuf/ kfls:tfgdf k5{
.
#= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] d'l:nd b]z O{08f]g]lzof
xf] .
$= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljdfg:yn ;fpbL c/]ljofdf
5 .
%= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] e'kl/j]li7t /fi6« d+uf]lnof
xf] .
^= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] vf8L d]lS;sf] vf8L xf]
.
&= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] hnkfg u[x ci6«]lnofdf
5, of] 3'ld/xG5 .
*= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lx/f s'NnLdfg xf] .
(= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] 6fk' u|LgNof08 xf] .
!)= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /]nj] 6«fG; ;fO{a]l/og /]nj] xf]
.
!!= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] b/af/ Eofl6sg b/af/
xf] .
!@= Pl;ofsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] b]z rLg xf] .
!#=;'Gb/ u|x eg]/ zlg u|xnfO{ a'emfpF5 .
!$=k[YjLn] cfkm\gf] sIfdf Ps kmGsf] nufpg @# 306f %^ ldg]6 $
;]s]G8 ;do nufpF5 .
!%= k[YjLaf6 b]lvg] ;aeGbf rlDsnf] tf/f ;fO/; xf] .
!^= g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] kSsL k'n alb{ofsf] u]?jf gbLdf
k5{ . !)!% ld6/ nfdf] /x]sf] 5 .
!&= k|ltlglw;efdf @&% hgf ;b:o /xg] Aoj:yf 5
.
!*= wlg cfkm\gf] wgsf sf/0fn] ;'vL 5}g, ul/a cfkm\gf] ul/asf
sf/0fn] b'MvL 5}g of] egfO{ dxfTdf ufGwLsf] xf] .
!(= cfkm\gf] cfDbfgL eGbf a9L vr{ uof]{ eg] s'a]/ klg sns+ x'G5
of] egfO{ sf}l6Nosf] xf] .
@)= e|d0f Pp6f dxfg lzIff xf] of] egfO{ laa]sfgGbsf]
xf] .
@!= ;a}eGbf a9L /fhf ePsf] dxfb]z Pl;of xf] .
@@= s+uf? gfds hgfj/ ci6]lnof dxfb]zdf kfOG5 .
@#= klxnf] of]hgfdf oftfoft ;~rf/ laifonfO{ a9L hf]8
lbPsf] lyof] .
@$=laZjdf of]hgfa4 lasf; ug]{ b]z ?; xf] .
@%= dxfef/tsf] ;aeGbf cUnf] kxf8 z}n'uf+ xf] .
@^= lxn:6]zg ckm g]kfn eGgfn] dxfef/t kj{tnfO{
a'emfpF5 .
@&= df6f]sf] cWoog ug]{ zf:qnfO{ -pedology_ elgG5 .
@*= dxfn]vf kl/If0f laefusf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] lyof] < @)!^ ;fn
@(= g]kfnn] slxn]b]lv C0f lng yfNof] < cf=a= @)!&-)!*
#)= g]kfndf xfn;Dd gfkmf sdfpg] ;+:yfg s'g xf] < g]kfn 6]lnsd
#!= of]hgf cfof]usf] u7g slxn] ePsf] lyof] < @)!& ;fn
#@= k|yd laZj o'4 x'Fbf g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL sf] lyP < rGb|zdz]/
##= l4tLo laZjo'4sf nflu g]kfnL ;]gfsf] tkm{af6 s;n] g]t[Tj lnPsf
lyP <
aa/l;+ zdz]/ / Ps/fh zdz]/
#$= s'g b]znfO{ Oltxf;sf] aQL elgG5 < o'gfgL u|L;
#%= k~rfotsf k|wfgdGqL eg]/ s;nfO{ elgG5 < ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf
#^= g]kfnsf] lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL eg]/ s;nfO{ elgG5 < lakL sf]O/fnf
#&= ef/taf6 k|bfg ul/g] k|lti7Lt kb\d>L ;Ddfg k|fKt ug]{
g]kfnL sf] x'g < cg'/fwf sf]O/fnf
#*=UNOdf zflGt;]gf k7fpg] g]kfn slt cf}+ /fi6 xf] < ;ftf}+
#(=dflg;sf] uf}/j slxNo} gn8\g'df xf]Og, hlt k6s n8] klg p7\g'df
x'G5 . eGg] ljrf/s sf] x'g\
<
lnof] 6fN;6fo
$)= nfdf] ;do cf]em]ndf k/]sf] k'g lgdf{0f k|flws/0f ;DjGwL ljw]os
Joj:yflksf ;+;baf6 slxn] kfl/t eof] <
lj=;= @)&@ k'if !
$!= @)&@ dªl;/ clGtd ;ftf /fhwfgLdf ;DkGg sf7df08f}+ OG6/g];gn
dfpG6]g lkmNd km]l:6an @)!%Ú -lsDkm_ df cGt/fli6«o k|lt:kwf{tkm{ ;jf]{s[i6 x'g
;kmn lkmNd s'g xf] <
6f;L PG8 b dªs
lghfdtL ;]jfdf dlxnf k'?if cg'kftM
!= lghfdlt ;]jfdf sl/a *@$(^ hgf sd{rf/L sfo{/t 5g\ . To;dWo]
^^%&% k'?if / !%(@!
-!(=#%_ dlxnf 5g\ .
@= ;lrj ^) hgf . dlxnf 5}gg\ .
#= ;x;lrj %%( hgf . dlxnf @( hgf .
$= pk;lrj #$*) hgf . dlxnf !*! hgf .
%= zfvf clws[t !)@^# hgf . dlxnf !)*) hgf .
^= /fhkq cg+lst k|yd >]0fL -gfoa ;'Aaf_ !^!($ hgf . dlxnf
@!&# hgf .
&= /fhkq cg+lst låtLo >]0fL -v/bf/_ !!$#^ hgf . dlxnf @@(%
hgf .
*= /fhkq cg+lst t[tLo >]0fL -d'lvof_ !)#* . dlxnf !)^ hgf .
(= >]0fL ljxLg -sfof{no ;xof]uL, 8«fOe/, kLPg_ !*$($ hgf .
dlxnf !$)) hgf .
;|f]t ;+snsM sNkgf cf]emf
la1fkg,
;"rgf
/fli6«o ljB't ;d:ofsf] lg/fs/0fsf
nflu, ;/sf/L sfof{nox?n]g} ljB't vktsf] nflu, ldtJolotf ug]{ sbdx? rfn' /fvL,
;j{;fwf/0fx?nfO{ ;';"lrt u/fcf}+ .
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu
c:ktfndf cfwfl/t Ps4f/ ;+s6
Aoj:yfkg s]Gb| 8f]6Ln] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;DalGw hfgsf/L
;dfhdf /xL cfPsf] lnu+sf] cfwf/df ul/g]
lae]b g} n}lu+s lx+;f xf] . laz]if u/L o;af6 dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx? kToIf ?kn]
k|eflat ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
Ps4f/ ;+s6 Aoj:yfkg s]Gb|n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx? M
!= lgz'Ns :jf:Yo pkrf/ @$ ;} 306f pknAw 5 .
@=:j:Yo ;]jf / lx+;faf6 aRg] pkfosf af/] k/fdz{ k|bfg ul/G5 .
#= cNksflng cf>osf] Aoj:yf 5 .
$=;/sf/L jlsn4f/f sfg'gL k/fdz{sf] Aoj:yf klg ul/Psf] 5 .
%=cNksflng cf>o :yndf a;]sf kLl8t / pgsf kl/jf/sf nflu
k'g{:ygkgf ug]{ aftfj/0f ldnfpg ;xof]u ul/G5 .
;Dks{ :yfgM lhNnf c:ktfn 8f]6L
;Dks{ AolQmM s'z'd zfxL
kmf]g+= )($ $@)@(@
n}lu+s lx+;f
ug'{ dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg\ xf] .
n}lu+s
lae]bnfO{ cGTo u/f}+ / u/fcf}+ .
lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no, 8f]6L
lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no 8f]6Lsf]
;a{;fwf/0fdf cg'/f]w
xfn b]z e/L udL{ df}ifd tyf aiff{sf sf/0f vfg]kfgL b'lift eO
laleGg kfgL hGo vfgf hGo, tyf :jf;k|Zjf;sf] dfWodaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux? h:t} efO/n
Hj/f] emf8fkvfnf, sdnlkQ, 6fOkmfO6, /utdf;L nufonsf cGo AolQmut ;/;kmfO{sf] sdL
tyf kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] plrt Aoj:yf gx'Fbf nfUg ;Sg] /f]ux?af6 kLl8t x'g]x?sf]
;+Vof a9L /x]sf] tyf tL /f]ux?sf] k|sf]k / dxfdf/L x'g ;Sg] ePSfn] ;dodf g}
lgDglnlvt pkfox? xkgfpg wghgsf] Iflt x'gaf6 hf]ufcf}+ / hf]lucf}+ .
pkfox?
!= ;w} ;'l4s/0f ul/Psf] ;'/lIft kfgLdfq k|of]u u/f}+ .
@= kfgLsf] d'xfg jl/k/L ;kmf /fVg] .
#= kfgLsf] ;'/lIft e08f/0f ug]{
$= ;kmf tfhf vfg]s'/f dfq vfg]
%= le8ef8df ghfg] / vf]Sbf jf xflR5p ubf{ gfs d's 5f]kf}+ .
^= vfgf agfpg' cl3, vfgf vfg' cl3 / aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg' cl3, lb;f
lkiffa u/]kl5, aRrfsf] lb;f ;kmf u/]kl5
/ kmf]xf]/ s'/fx?nfO{ 5f]Pkl5 ldlrldrL xft w'g] .
&= AolQmut ;/;kmfOdf Wofg lbg] .
*= k|z:t dfqfdf emf]lnnf] kbfy{ / kf]l;nf] vfg]s'/f vfg], v'jfpg]
.
(= dfly pNn]lvt ul/Psf] nIf0f tyf lrGxx? b]lvPdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf
hfFr u/fO{ ;~rf] geP;Dd 3/df cf/fd u/f}+ / laz]if u/L afnaflnsfx?nfO{ laBfno
gkf7fcf+} .
!)= ;w}+ rkL{df dfq lb;flk;fa ug]{ .
!!= cfkm\gf] 3/ cfug ;w}+ ;kmf /fVg] / kfgL hGo vfN8fv'N8L k'g]{ .
;"tL{hGo kbfy{sf] a6\6f of{k;{,
Kofs]6 tyf kf;{nsf] Kofs]lhu+df r]tfjgLd'ns ;Gb]z / lrq 5fKg] tyf c+lst ug]{
lgb]{lzsf @)&! sfof{Gjog af/]sf] ;"rgf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ldlt @)&! sflt{s !# ut]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/
@)&@ h]7 ! ut]b]lv nfu' x'g] u/L
;"tL{hGo kbfy{sf] a6\6f of{k;{, Kofs]6 tyf kf;{nsf] Kofs]lhu+df
r]tfjgLd'ns ;Gb]z / lrq 5fKg] tyf c+lst ug]{ lgb]{lzsf @)&! hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
;f] lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd pTkfbs nufotn] ;"tL{hGo kbfy{sf] a6\6f of{k;{,
Kofs]6 tyf kf;{nsf] Kofs]lhu+sf] aflx/L s'n efu dWo] () k|ltzt efudf r]tfjgL d'ns
;Gb]z / lrq 5fKg] tyf c+lst ug]{ Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ctM ;f]xL adf]lhd
r]tfjgLd'ns ;Gb]z lrq 5fKg] / c+lst ug{ x'g tyf ;"tLhGo kbfy{sf] lat/0f
ug{ x'g ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .
;fy} pNn]lvt lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd r]tfjgL d'ns ;Gb]z tyf 3fts /+uLg
lrqx? g5flkPsf tyf c+lst gePsf ;"tL{hGo kbfy{sf] laqmL lat/0f ug{ gkfOg]
sfg'gL Aoj:yf ePsfn] ;f] lakl/t pTkfbg cfoft laqmL lat/0f k|zf/0f, k|sfzg
tyf k|bz{g u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfu|L sAhf u/L k|rlnt sfg'g
adf]lhd xb};Ddsf] ;hfo x''g] Aoxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpFb} cfkm\gf] pTkfbg sfg'gd}qL
agfO g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u ug{ x'g xflb{s ckLn
ul/Psf] 5 .
lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no, 8f]6L
g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff dGqfno
lzIff laefu
lhNnf lzIff
sfof{no 8f]6L
laBfyL{ egf{
cleofg @)&$ ;DalGw ;"rgf
!= k|To]s >f]t s]Gb| laBfno / ;a} ;fd'bflos laBfnox?df cf
cfkm\gf] Ps ;df/f]x aLr @)&$ ;fn a}zfv @ ut]sf lbg b]lv cleofg ;'? ug{ x'g
.
@= a}zfv @ ut]b]lv !) ut];Dd lgoldt egf{ !! b]lv !$ ut];Dd 3/b}nf]
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ x'g .
#= a}zfv !% b]lv #) ut];Dd laz]if ;d"xsf nflu k/fdz{ ;lxt
egf{ :jfut sfo{qmd ug{ x'g .
lhNnf lzIff
clwsf/L, 8f]6L
