:j:y kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf; :jtGq /
xs clwsf/sf] hu]gf{, /fli6«o ;j{dfGo k|rng / dfGotfnfO{ ;dfof]hg ub{} cufl8
a9g' cfhsf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf xf] .
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu
d'Vo ;dfrf/
tLg lbg;Dd cGwsf/do If]qLo
;b/d'sfd
dd{t cefjdf b'O{ ;o
lsnf]jf6sf] :yfgLo laB't u[x cf]em]ndf
nuftf/sf] jiff{t / lxdkft;+u}
;'b'/klZrddf ePsf] laB't cj?4sf sf/0f If]qLo ;b/d'sfd tLg lbg;Dd cGwsf/do
/x\of] .
z'qmjf/ b]lv ePsf] laB't cj?4sf sf/0f ;'b'/klZrdsf
clwsf+; kxf8L lhNnfx? tLg lbg nuftf/ cGwsf/do /x] . :yfgLo:t/df laB't pTkfbg
ePsf jemfª, jfh'/f / bfr{nf lhNnf jfx]ssf cGo rf/ kxf8L lhNnfdf laB't cfk'lt{
jGb ePkl5 :yfgLojf;Lx?sf] b}lgsL k|efljt ePsf] lyof] . c5fd lhNnfsf] s}nfz
vf]nfjf6 pTkfbg ePsf] laB't / 8f]6Lsf] ;d"xuf8jf6 ePsf] laB't pTkfbg
pTkfbg u[xdf ePsf] v/fjLsf sf/0f jGb ePkl5 lo lhNnfx? cGwsf/–do ePsf x'g .
;'b'/klZrdklZrdsf ;ft kxf8L lhNnfdWo] j}t8L /
88]Nw'/f lhNnfdf xfn;Dd :yfgLo pTkfbg gePklg cGo kfFr lhNnfdf :yfgLo laB't u[xx?
lgdf{0f ePsf 5g . t/, dd{t cefjsf sf/0f c5fd / 8f]6Lsf laB't u[xx? pTkfbg ljlxg
ePsf 5g .
g]kfn laB't k|flws/0fsf] cQ/Lof sfof{non] lbPsf]
hfgsf/L cg';f/ jiff{t;+u k/]sf] r6\ofË / lxdkftsf sf/0f cQ/Lofb]lv kxf8L
lhNnfx?df cfpg] /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfO{gdf v/fjL cfpFbf laB't cfk'lt{ /f]lsPsf]
lyof] . nuftf/ jiff{ eO{/xFbf lau|]sf] 7fpF kQf nufpg / dd{t ug{ ;d:of ePkl5
tLg lbg laB't cfk'lt{ jGb ePsf] ;f] sfof{nosf] egfO{ 5 .
lbkfnosf] ;d'jfuf8 ;fgf hnljB't cof]hgf dd{t cefjsf
sf/0f nfdf] ;dob]lv aGb /xbfF If]qLo ;b/d'sfdg} cGwsf/do ePsf] xf] . /fli6«o
k|;f/0f nfO{gdf v/fjL cfPkl5 If]qLo ;b/d'sfd ;d]t 7Kk x'g] u/]sf] 5 . b'O{ ;o
lsnf]jf6 pTkfbg Ifdtf ePsf] ;d'jfuf8 hnljB't cfof]hgf @)## ;fndf lgdf{0f sfo{
k|f/De eO{ @)#( ;fndf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
u0ftGq o'uf]:nfeLof ;/sf/sf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] (# nfv !( xhf/, tLg ;o &# ?k}ofF @@ k};fdf lgdf{0f ePsf] pQm
laB't u[x @)^^ ;fndf ePsf] clj/n jiff{kl5 laB't pTkfbg jGb ePsf] lyof] .
8f]6Ldf /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfO{g k'u]kl5 pQm laB't u[xsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] g]kfn
ljB't k|flws/0f lbkfon ljt/0f zfvfn] laB'tu[xsf] ;+/If0f ug{ g;Sbf laB't u[xsf]
;fdfg ;d]t rf]/L x'g yfn]sf] 5 . :yfoL / c:yfoL u/L $# hgf sd{rf/L /x]sf ePklg
ljB't u[xdf rf}sLbf/;Dd klg gv6fO{bf pQm If]qdf /x]sf] s/f}8f}+sf ;dfu|Lx?
Tff]8kmf]8 / rf]/L x'g yfn]sf x'g .
:yfgLo laB't u[x dd{tsf nflu :yfgLo:t/jf6 k6s k6s
kxn ePklg g]kfn laB't k|flws/0fn] rfF;f] gb]vfpFbf xfn;Dd dd{t x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
laB't u[x x'Fbfx'Fb} klg :yfgLo jf;Lx?n] cGwsf/df j:g' k/]sf] 5 .
;DkfbsLo
laB'tu[x dd{t u/
nuftf/sf] jiff{ / lxdkft;+u} ut
z'qmjf/ b]lv ;'b'/klZrdsf kxf8L lhNnfx?df laB't cfk'lt{ jGb eof] . bfr'{nf,
jemfª / jfh'/fdf :yfgLo pTkfbg ePsf sf/0f lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx? emndNn b]lvP t/
jfFsL rf/ kxf8L lhNnfx? eg] cGwsf/dog} eP . 8f]6L / c5fddf /x]sf :yfgLo laB'tu[xx?df
cfPsf] v/fjLn] laB't pTkfbg x'g g;Sbf s'g} cy{ /x]g .
8f]6Lsf] ;d"xuf8jf6 @)## ;fnd} lgdf{0f ePsf]
:ffgf hnlaB't cfof]hgf @)^^ ;fnsf] jiff{df kfgL cfk'lt{ ug]{ s'nf] elTsPkl5
laB't pTkfbg jGb ePsf] 5 . pQm laB'tu[xsf] dd{t ug'{ kg]{ dfu :yfgLojf;Lx?n]
k6s k6s p7fPklg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
cfvfF kg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fob 7'nf] / d'gfkmf j9L x'g] cfof]hgf ePsf] eP ;j}n]
dl/xTo uy]{ xf]nfg / ;fgf] cfof]hgf, Tof] klg dd{t dfq} . ;fgf] /sd rnfpg' kg]{
ePsf sf/0f klg s;}sf] cfFvf k/]g nfU5 .
;'b'/klZrdf~rn lasf; If]qsf] If]qLo ;b/d'sfd ePsf]
lhNnf 8f]6Ldf laB't pTkfbgsf nflu cfkm\g} u[x x'Fbfx'Fb} klg /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfO{gdf v/fjL cfpfbf cGwf/do
hLjg ofkg ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 . cfjZostf / k"j{ of]hgfsf] cfwf/df geO{
/fhgLlts g]tfx?sf] cfb]zdf rNg] laB't k|flws/0fsf] lbkfno sfof{non] pQm laB't
u[xsf] ;+/If0fsf] lhDdf kfPsf] lyof] . hltj]nf pQm laB'tu[xn] laB't pTkfbg
ul//x]sf] lyof] Toltj]nf dxTjk"0f{ lyof] xf]nf laB't k|flws/0fsf nflu t/
clxn] g t k|flws/0fnfO{ To;sf] jf:tf 5 g cGo s'g} lgsfonfO{ .
clwsf+; If]qLo sfof{nox? cGt} ePklg If]qLo
;b/d'sfdsf] gfd lbO{Psf] 7fpFdf /x]sf] pQm laB't u[x tTsfn dd{t ul/g' k5{ .
To;sf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ sfd laB't k|flws/0fsf] xf] / cGo lgsfox?n] To;df
;xof]u ug'{ k5{ . kfFr ;ef;\b ePsf] lhNnf xf] 8f]6L . lgjf{rg If]q lasf;
sfo{qmdsf] %) nfv jif]{gL cfpg] 5 . dfggLo ;ef;b\x?n] pQm /sd sfo{stf{ kfNgdf
vr{ ug'{sf] ;§f Ps jif{sf] /sd laB't u[x dd{tdf nufO{ lbP ;fob /fli6«o
9's'6Lsf] ;b'kof]u x'g] kf] lyof] ls Û
oBkL pQm u[xjf6 pTkflbg laB'tn]
lhNnfe/LnfO{ k'Ub}g / s]xL t pHofnf] x'g] lyof] lg . To;}n] pQm laB't u[x tTsfn
dd{tsf] sfo{ yfngL x'g'k5{ .
yk ;dfrf/x?
anfTsf/sf] cf/f]kL
lzIfs k|x/L vf]/df
lkl8tnfO{ pkrf/kl5 3/ nluof]
^) jifL{of a[4fnfO{ jnfTsf/ u/]sf]
cf/f]k nfu]sf Ps lzIfs k|x/L lx/f;tdf /x]sf 5g . lkl8tnfO{ pkrf/kl5 3/ nluPsf]
5 . lkl8t j[4fsf 5f]/fn] cfdfnfO{ 3/ nu]sf x'g .
lhNnfsf] b'u{d sfgfrf}/ ufla;–^ 3/ ePsL Ps
a[4fnfO{ kmfu'g !) ut] /ftL PSn} 3/df ePsf a]nf ;f]xL ufla;sf] sf]l6nf k|fylds
laBfnodf k|fla txsf] c:yfoL lzIfssf ?kdf sfo{/t o1jxfb'/ s7fotn] jnfTsf/ u/]sf
lyP . 8f]6Ls} nf6fdf08f} ufla;–@ lai6} :yfoL 3/ ePsf s7fotn] dlb/fsf] g;fdf lt
a[4fnfO{ /ftL 3/df PSn} ePsf] df}sf kf/L jnfTsf/ u/]sf] lkl8tsf cfkmGtx?n]
jtfPsf lyP . lhNnfsf] b'u{d ufla; ePsf sf/0f 36gfsf] laj/0f l9nf] u/L k|fKt
ePsf] xf] .
lzIfs s7fotn] ;f] lbg lbp;f]e/L dlb/f ;]ag u/]sf]
:yfgLojf;Lx? jtfpF5g . /ftL s/La # ah] a[4fsf] 3/df uO{ anfTsf/ u/]sf] lkl8tn]
atfO{g . pgn] elgGf æd 3/d} lyPF, Tof] dfG5] /ftL d]/f] 3/df k:of], d]/f] xft
;dfof], d}n] k|ltsf/ ug{ vf]h]F t/ ;lsg .Æ u'xf/sf] nfuL s/fpg vf]Hbf lzIfsn]
d'v Rofk]/ cfjfh jflx/ glg:s]sf] jtfpFb} lkl8tn] elgg\ …d dfyL ;a} s'/f u/]/
Tof] d]/f] 3/af6 lgl:sof] .Ú …d}n] ufpFn]nfO{ u'xf/ dfUf]F t/ p eflu;s]sf]
lyof]Ú d'v e/L lgn8fd ePsL s'lk|Psf] sDd/ / xftdf nf}/f] jf]s]sL lt dlxnfn]
elgg\ …dnfO{ j/jfb u¥of] .Ú
laut kfFr aif{ b]lv ;f]xL laBfnodf cWofkg u/fpFb}
cfPsf cGbfhL $@ aifL{o lzIfs s7fotn] anTsf/ u/]sf] 3'dfp/f] t/Lsfn] :jLsf/
u/]sf 5g . pgn] eg] …d}n] dlb/f ;]jg u/]s} x'F, dlb/f ;]jg u/]kl5 dnfO{ xf];
x'Fb}g, s] s] eof], yfx ePg .Ú /ftL cfkm\g} sf]7fdf ;'t]sf] jtfpFb} s7fotn] eg]
…:yfgLojf;Lx? sf]7fd} cfP/ s'6\g yfn], d}n] s]xL eGg ;lsg .Ú
…ufpFdf d dfyL xftkft x'g yfn]kl5 lhNnf ;b/d'sfd
cfPsf] x'FÚ pgn] dlb/f ;]ag u/]kl5 cfkm'nfO{ xf]; gx'g] s'/f km]/L bf]xf]¥ofP .
anTsf/sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf lzIfs s7fot xfn k|x/Lsf]
lgoGqdf /x]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 8f]6Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . s7fot la?4 hj/h:tL
s/0fLsf] d'4f bfo/ ePsf] 5 . xfn pgL cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf k|x/L lx/f;tdf /x]sf 5g
. a[4fsf] hLpdf lgn8fd ePsf] / ufnfdf ;d]t 6f]s]sf k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
s[lif d]nfdf ^# pTkfbg k|blz{t
lhNnf s[lif lasf; sfof{no 8f]6Ln]
cfof]hgf u/]sf] s[lif d]nf k|bz{gLdf s[ifsx?n] ^# j6f s[lif pTkfbgx? k|bz{g
u/]sf 5g .
dxflzj/fqLsf] cj;/ kf/L lalxjf/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
d]nfdf lhNnfsf laleGg :yfgjf6 rf/ ;o rf/ hgf ls;fgx?n] cfkm\gf] pTkfbg k|bz{gsf
nflu NofPsf] ;f] sfof{non] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . …s[lif pkhx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf
s[ifsnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds tj/jf6 u'0f:t/Lo s[lif pTkfbg ug]{Ú
p2]Zosf ;fy cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm d]nfdf 8f]6Lsf b'u{d ufpFjf6 ;d]t ;xeflutf
/x]sf] lhNnfsf a[l/i7 s[lif lasf; clws[t o1/fh hf]zLn] hfgsf/L lbP .
d'8]ufpFdf cu'jf s[ifs /fdjxfb'/ ef6 If]qLsf]
;efkltTj / s[lif dGqfnosf ;x;lrjsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ePsf] ;f] d]nfdf s[lif
pTkfbg k|bz{gsf nflu Nofpg] @* ls;fgx?nfO{ k'/:s[t ul/Psf] 5 . gub] jfnL, cfn'
v]tL, bnxg÷t]nxg, t/sf/L, laljw, vfBfGg / kmnkm'n u/L ;ft ;d"xsf k|To]s
;d"xdf k|yd, l4tLo, t[tLo / ;fGTjgf u/L rf/ hgfsf b/n] k'/:sf/ lat/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o:t} sfo{qmddf
cfkm\gf] pkh k|bz{gsf nflu Nofpg] ;j} ls;fgx?nfO{ s[lif cf}hf/x? ;d]t ljt/0f
ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf lhNnfsf] s[lif cj:yf jf/] jf]Nb}
al/i7 s[lif lasf; clws[t hf]zLn] 8f]6Lsf ls;fgx?n] klg s]xL ug{ ;Sg], cfkm\g}
pTkfbgdf jfFRg ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] t/ oxfF l;+rfO{ cefj, ls;fgx?df cfw'lgs s[lif
k|lalwsf] 1fg gePsf sf/0f lhNnfsf] s[lif pTkfbgdf j[l4 x'g g;s]sf] jtfP .
;fdflhs hjfkmb]xLtfsf] cEof;
x'Fb}
…xfdLnfO{ t lo ;j} ;jf{hlgs of]hgfx?
;/sf/sf x'g eGg] nfu]sf] lyof], To;}n] xfdLn] s]xL larf/ u/]gf}+, t/ cj t xfdL
;j} s'/fsf] vf]hL u5f}{+ .Ú
jun]v ufla;–$ sf s[i0f ;fpFbn] ufla;df lgdf{0f
ePsf ;j} ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] :jfldTj :yfgLojf;Lx?n] lng] jtfP . hj;Dd xfdLn] oxfF
ePsf ;+/rgfx?sf] plrt ;+/If0f / ;b'kof]u ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ tj;Dd o; ufla;sf] lasf;
x'g g;Sg] s[i0fsf] egfO{ lyof] . ufla;df /x]sf] pk:jf:Yo rf}sLdf O{Grfh{
gcfPsf] w]/} lbg ePsf] eGb} s[i0fn] ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?n] hgtfnfO{
lrQj'e\mbf] u/L hjfkm lbg ;Sg' kg]{ s[i0fsf] egfO{ lyof] . ufpFdf pk:jf:Yo
rf}sL eP/ klg sd{rf/L gePsf sf/0f ;fdfGo pkrf/ ug{ ;d]t lhNnf ;b/d'sfd wfpg'
k/]sf] s[i0fsf] u'gf;f] u/] .
lautsf] t'ngfdf clxn] jun]v ufla;sf hgtfdf
r]tgfsf] lasf; ePsf] ;lrj eLd jxfb'/ wfdL jtfpF5g . …clxn] hgtfn] laleGg s'/fdf
rfF;f] /fVg] u/]sf 5gÚ wfdLn] ufpFdf lgdf{0f eO{/x]sf] of]hgf÷cfof]hgfx?df klg
jh]6 clen]v jf]8{ /fVg yflnPsf] jtfP . g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO{6L 8f]6L / s]P/
g]kfnsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rflnt æ;d'bfo ;xof]u sfo{qmdÆ n] jun]v ufla;df w]/}
lasf; u/]sf] eGb} ;lrj wfdL lt b'O{ ;+:yfnfO{ wGojfb lbG5g . …sfo{qmd ;lsg]
eGg] ;'g]sf] 5', wfdLn] eg] …o; ufla;df cem} w]/} sfd s]P/ / /]8qm;n] ul/lbP
x'GYof] eGg] cfzf 5 .
kl/of]hgfjf6 :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ ;fdflhs
k/LIf0f / cfGtl/s hjfkmb]xLtf ;DklGw tflndx? ;~rfng ul/Pkl5 :yfgLojf;Lx?n] ;j}
s'/fsf] vf]hL ug{ yfn]sf 5g .
cg]/f:jlao'n] 1fkg kq a'emfof]
Pdfn] lgs6 laBfyL{ ;+u7g clvn g]kfn /fli6«o
:jtGq laBfyL{ o'lgog -cg]/f:jlao'_ n] laleGg dfu /fVb} b'O{ lgsfonfO{ 5'§f5'§}
1fkg kq a'emfPsf] 5 .
cg]/f:jlao'sf ;]tL c~rn O{Grfh{ s]zj/fh pkfWofon]
lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ ;f] ;+u7gn] If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no / If]qLo lzIff
lgb]{zgfnonfO{ b'O{ 5'§f5'§} 1fkg kq a'emfO{Psf] xf] .
If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{nonfO{ a'emfO{Psf] 1fkg kqdf
laBfyL{n] ;fj{hlgs oftfotsf ;fwgx?df ofqf ubf{ kfpg' kg]{ $% k|lt;t 5'6 o;
If]qdf xfn;Dd klg sfof{Gjogdf gcfPsfn] tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ dfu /flvPsf] 5
. 1fkg kqdf elgPsf] 5 …laBfyL{ kl/ro kqsf] cfwf/df $% k|lt;t 5'6 lbg] s'/f /fHo
/ ;DjlGwt cGo lgsfo;+u ePsf] ;xdlt Ps xKtfleq sfof{Gjog u/fpg] jftfj/0f
>[hgf ug{ cg'/f]w 5 . cGoyf l;Ëf] cg]/f:jlao' lalGg cfGbf]ngdf plqg] s'/f o;} 1fkg kq
dfkm{t cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .Ú
o:t} If]qLo
lzIff lgb]{zsnfO{ a'emfO{Psf] 1fkg kqdf z}lIfs ;qsf] ;'?jftd} laByfL{x?n]
kf7\ok':ts kfpg' kg]{ dfu /flvPsf] 5 . z}lIfs ;q ;'? ePsf] ^ dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg
laBfyL{x?n] kf7\ok':ts gkfpg] cj:yfsf] cGTo ug{ 1fkg kqdf dfu ul/Psf] 5 .
…cfufdL z}lIfs ;qdf ;dod} k|To]s laBfyL{sf] xftdf ;xh ?kn] kf7\ok':ts pknJw
x'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrtfsf nflu kxn ug{ x'g cg'/f]w 5 .Ú la1KtLdf elgPsf] 5 .
O{Grfh{ pkfWofoåf/f x:tfIfl/t b'j} 1fkg kqdf dfu
k'/f geP cfGbf]ng ug]{ r]tfjgL lbO{Psf] 5 .
o;}aLr cg]/f:jlao' 8f]6Ln] !@ cf}+ ;Dd]ngsf]
tof/Lsf nflu cfof]hs sld6L u7g u/]sf] 5 . r}q @% ut] x'g] ;Dd]ngsf] tof/L ug{
u0f]z lai6sf] ;+of]hsTjdf @! ;b:oLo cfof]hs sld6L u7g ePsf] ;f] ;+u7gn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
yfkf dGqL ePkl5 afh'/fdf v'lzofnL
afh'/faf6 k|ToIf tkm{ lgjf{lrt ;efifb\
s0f{axfb'/ yfkf pBf]u dGqL ePkl5 lhNnf
;b/d'sfd dft{8Ldf v'lzofnL dgfO{Psf] 5 . @)$^ kl5 afh'/fjf6 klxnf] k6s yfkf
Sofljg]6 dGqL ePsf eGb} dft{8Ldf v'lzofnL 5fPsf] xf] .
Pdfn]sf] tkm{jf6 lgjf{lrt ;ef;b\ yfkf dGqL ePkl5
j'wjf/ Pdfn] sfo{stf{x?n] lhNnf ;b/–d'sfddf v'zLofnL h'n'z k|bz{g u/]sf 5g .
;b/d'sfd dft{8L l:yt Pdfn] kf6L{ sfof{noaf6 gf/f h'n'zsf ;fy k~r}jfhf ;lxt
lg:s]sf] h'n'zn] ;b/d'sfd dft{8L jhf/ If]q kl/qmdf u/L nf]stflGqs rf]sdf k'u]/
sf]0f;efdf u/]sf] lyof] . Pdfn] eft[;+u7g cg]/f:jljo' lhNnf cWoIf h+u ljssf]
cWoIfftfdf ePsf] pQm v'lzofnL ;df/f]xsf aQmfx?n] ca afh'/f ;bfsf nflu Pdfn]sf]
nfnlsNnf ePsf] pb\3f]if u/]sf lyP . sf]0f;efsf k|d'v cltly Pj+ g]skf Pdfn]
afh'/fsf k"j{ cWoIf k|sfz zfxn] s0f{ yfkfsf] ljhoL;+u} l;+uf] jfh'/]nLsf] ljho ePsf] eGb} ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbP . afh'/f
h:tf] b'u{d lhNnfaf6 dGqL aGg' ;a}sf] uf}/jsf] ljifo ePsf] zfxsf] egfO{ lyof] .
zfxn] kf6L{s} g]tfnfO{ O{lu+t ub}{ eg]–/fhgLltdf dfvfsf] h:tf] ;fgf] lkQ gu/L
v'nf lbnn] /fhgLlt ug'{k5{ . afh'/fn] ax'bnkl5 klxnf] k6s /fHosf] Sofljg]6 dGqL
kfpFbf dfgj ;'rsfÍdf b]zs} &%cf}+
:yfgdf /x]sf] afh'/fsf] ef}lts
ljsf;df s]xL 6]jf ldNg] ck]Iff
;j{;fw/0fn] /fv]sf 5g\ .
;fg} pd]/ b]lv g]skf Pdfn]sf] ;qmLo /fhgLltdf
nfu]sf yfkfsf] kbLo /fhgLlts ofqf @)$( ;fndf g]kfn n SofDk;sf] :jljo'
;efkltaf6 z'? ePsf] xf] .
/fhgLlts ?kdf Pdfn] ef[t ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo'af6 SofDk; cWoIf b]lv g]skf Pdfn] afh'/f lhNnf
;lrj x'+b} yfkf xfn g]skf Pdfn]sf]]
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o 5g . g]tf yfkf;+u b'O{ bzs nfdf]
afd /fhgLltssf] cg'ej 5 . oB]kL
/fHosf] ;fj{hlgs kbsf] eg] yfkfsf] of] klxnf] cg'ej xf] . bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rgdf @@ xhf/ $ ;o %* dt k|fKt u/L
rf/ xhf/ dtsf] dtfGt/n] yfkf ljhoL ePsf x'g\ .
!! jif{;Dd klg cw'/} emf]n'Ë] k'n
lgdf{0f sfo{ yfngL ePsf] !! jif{
lalt;Sbf klg 8f]6L jf/kf6f ufla;–* sf]
emf]n'Ë] k'n cem} k"0f{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
jgn]v uflj; / jf/kf6f uflj; hf]8\g] em'n]Ë k'n
@)%( ;fndf lgdf{0f yfngL ePsf] lyof] . ;]tL gbL tg{ lgdf{0f ug{ nfluPsf] ;f]
emf]n'Ë] k'n lgdf{0fsf] lhDdf kfPsf 7]s]bf/ bfjf z]kf{ lard} sfd 5f]8L km/f/
ePkl5 z]kf;+u ePsf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf /2 u/L csf{ 7]s]bf/ 5qjfxfb'/ s7fotnfO{ sfd
lhDdf lbO{Psf] lyof] . 7]s]bf/ s7fot klg nfdf] ;dob]lv lgdf{0f :yndf gcfPsf
:yfgLojf;Lx? jtfpF5g .
lhNnf lasf; ;ldltsf] nufgLdf lgdf{0ffwLg pQm
k'nsf] b'j}kl§ ;+/If0f hfnL nufpg' kg]{, ;fO{8df s]jn /fv]/ k'n s:g' kg]{ /
k'ndf hfg] jf6f] lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ sfd afFsL /xFbf klg :yfgLojf;lx? Hofg
hf]lvddf /fVb} k'n tg{ jfWo 5g . æcsf]{ lasNk 5}g, csf]{ k'n;Dd lx8]/ hfFbf b'O{
306fsf] b'/Ldf 5, clg s] ug]{ t <Æ lkl7pFdf rfdnsf] ef/L jf]s]/ k'n tb}{
u/]sf Ps :yfgLojf;Ln] eg] æ!! jif{ eof] k'n lgdf{0f x'g yfn]sf], cem} slt jif{
nfUg] xf] yfx 5}g .Æ
csf{ :yfgLo z]/ jxfb'/ jf]x/f eG5g æpQm k'n
lgdf{0f ug{sf nfuL k6s k6s u/L s/Lj *) nfv ah]6 lgsf;f eO{;s]sf] 5 t/ klg k'n
slxn] ;DkGg x'G5 yfxf 5}g .Æ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf Tolt cK7]/f] gnfu]klg ef/L jf]Sbf,
la/fdL jf]Sbf / jfnjflnsfx?nfO{ ToxL k'njf6 laBfno k7fpFbf 8/ nfUg] u/]sf]
jf]x/fsf] egfO{ 5 . k'nsf] bfFofjfFof b'j} kl§ hfnL gx'Fbf xfn;Dd lt hgfnfO{
n8]/ rf]6 nfu]sf] ;d]t :yfgLosf] egfO{ 5 . pQm k'n lgdf{0f ePkl5 8f]6Lsf
jf/kf6f, nfldvfn, dxfb]j:yfg, lul/rf}sf, 88]Nw'/f lhNnfsf a]nfk'/, di6fdf08f+},
s}kfndf08f}+, gjb'uf{ uflj;x? / a}t8L lhNnfsf 9'Ëf8, l;uf;, yns8f, nufotsf
uflj;sf hgtf k|ToIf nfeflGat x'g] :yfgLojf;Lx? atfpF5g\ .
k'n lgdf{0fsf] laifodf k6s k6s lhNnf lasf;
;ldltnfO{ lh1f;f /fVbf s]xL lbgleq} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g] hfgsf/L lbFb}
cfPsf] 5 . 7]s]bf/nfO{ kq sfl6;lsPsf], 7]s]bf/ ;Dks{df cfO{;s]sf] / 7]s]bf/n]
sfd ;'? ul/;s]sf] pQ/ lbFb} cfPsf] lhla;n] xfn;Dd pQm k'nsf] sfd eg] k'/f ug{
;s]sf] 5}g . lhla; cfkm} klg xfn;Dd k'nsf] cg'udgdf gcfPsf] :yfgLojf;Lx?sf]
u'gf;f] 5 .
Ps emf]n'Ë] k'n lgdf{0f x'g !! jif{ nfU5, nfk/jfxL
ug]{ 7]s]bf/x?nfO{ sf/jfxL x'gsf] ;§f pN6} ;+/If0f kfpF5g eg] lhNnfsf] lasf;sf]
cj:yf s;/L ;'wf/ xf]nf Û
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
/]ljhsf] qf;
Ps dlxgf cuf8L ufpFdf Ps jf}nfx
s's'/n] w]/} ufO{j:t'nfO{ 6f]s]kl5 clxn] :yfgLojf;Lx?df /]ljhsf] qf; km}lnPsf]
5 .
ut df3df ufpFlt/ cfPsf] Ps jf]nfx s's'/n] 3/kfn'jf
hgfj/nfO{ / 3/kfn'jf tyf e':ofx s's'/x?nfO{ 6f]s]sf] lyof] . jf]nfx s's'/n]
6f]s]sf ufO{j:t'x?nfO{ /]ljh la?4sf] vf]k nufO{Psf] ePklg lt ufO{j:t'x? dg{
nfu]sf] :yfgLojf;Lx? jtfpF5g .
8f]6Lsf] lthfnL, d'8e/f / krgfnL ufla;x?df o:tf]
;d:of b]lvPsf] :yfgLo jf;Lx?n] hfgsf/L u/fP . jf}nfx s's'/n] 6f]s]sf 3/kfn'jf
tyf e':ofx s's'/x?jf6 /]ljh j9L km}lng] / ;f] dfG5]df ;d]t ;g]{ qf;n]
:yfgLojf;Lx? j9L lrlGtt b]lvG5g . e':ofx s's'/ dfg'{ kg]{ dfu :yfgLojf;Lx?sf] 5
.
s]xL lbg cuf8L 8f]6Lsf] 8f}8 ufla;df km}lnPsf]
/]ljh /f]us} sf/0f bh{gf}+ 3/kfn'jf ufO{j:t'x? d/]sf lyP . kz' k|flalwsx?sf]
6f]nLn] ;DjlGwt If]qd} uP/ lgoGq0f u/]sf] lyof] .
v]n ;dfrf/
cEof;sf nflu g]kfnL l6d o'PO{
cfufdL r}t @ ut]b]lv aª\nfb]zdf ;'?
x'g] l6–6\jfG6L ljZjsksf] ljz]if cEof;sf v]n v]Ng g]kfnL l6d cfOtaf/ o'PO{
k|:yfg u/]sf] 5 .
b'aO{sf] Ps ;ftf nfdf] ljz]if k|lzIf0f kl5 g]kfnL
6f]nL ToxfFaf6 ;f]em} a+unfb]z hfg]5 . g]kfnn] o'PO{df b'O{j6f cEof; v]n v]Ng]
ePsf] 5 . g]kfnn] Ps ;ftf nfdf] o'PO{ a;fOsf qmddf g]b/NofG8\; / cfof]hs
o'PO{;Fu cEof; v]n v]Ng]5 . kmfu'g @@ ut] g]kfnn] g]b/NofG8\;;Fu laxfgL ;qsf]
v]n v]Ng]5 . @# ut] 3/]n' 6f]nL
o'PO{;Fu lbjf/flq v]n v]Ng]5 .
g]kfnL 6f]nLsf k|lzIfs k'a'b' bf;fgfo]s] / sKtfg
kf/; v8\sfn] 6L–6\jfG6L ljZjskdf slDtdf bf];|f] r/0f k'Ug] nIo /fv]sf] atfPsf
5Gf .
k|lzIfs k'a'b'n] Pslbj;Lo ljZjsk 5gf]6 r/0fdf
ePsf] lg/fzfhgs k|bz{gnfO{ ;'wfg{] pko'Qm df}sf g} l6–6\jfG6L ljZjsk ePsf] atfP .
af;L{nf]gfn] lht xft kf¥of]
af;L{nf]gfn] cNdfl/ofnfO{ k/flht ub{}
:k]lg; nf lnu km'6andf lnu ln8/ l/on dl8«8;Fusf] c+s b'/L Psdf emf/]sf] 5 .
l/on dl8«8n] PYn]l6sf] dl8«8;Fu @–@ sf] a/fa/L
v]Nb} c+s afF8\bf af;L{nf]gfn] cNdfl/ofnfO{ $–! uf]n cGt/n] k/flht u/]sf] xf] .
lhtkl5 af;L{nf]gf @^ v]naf6 ^# c+ssf ;fy bf];|f] :yfgdf 5 eg] l/on dl8«8sf] ^$
c+s 5 .
3/]n' d}bfg gfpSofDkdf ePsf] v]ndf af;L{nf]gfn]
Pn]S; ;fGr]hsf] uf]naf6 cu|tf lnPsf] lyof] . !% cf}+ ldg]6df lncf]gn d]:;Ln]
lk|mlssdf uf]n ub{} 3/]n' 6f]nLnfO{ @–) sf] cu|tf lbnfP .
v]nsf] @& cf}+ ldg]6df cNdfl/ofn] Ps uf]n
kmsf{of] / klxnf] xfkm @–! df ;lsof] . v]nsf] *# cf}+ ldg]6df sfnf]{; k'of]nn]
uf]n u/] eg] *( cf}+ ldg]6df hfeLn] uf]n u/]kl5 af;L{nf]gf $–! n] ljhoL eof] .
rnlrq ;dfrf/
s]sL x]g{ /fi6«klt k'u] gf63/
cleg]qL s]sL clwsf/Ln] klxnf] k6s d~rg
u/]sf] …rf?dtLÚ gf6snfO{ /fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjn] x]/]sf 5Gf . nflhDkf6l:yt
lyP6/ len]hdf zlgaf/ ;fFem /fi6«klt ofbjn] bnsf cGo g]tf;Fu …rf?dtLÚ nfO{
x]/]sf lyP .
k"j{ k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf, Pdfn]sf
cWoIf emngfy vgfn, ef/tLo /fhb't /+lht /]n]n] /fi6«klt;Fu} …rf?dtLÚ x]/] .
g]kfn / ef/tlarsf] ;DaGwsf jf/]df ;Todf]xg hf]zLn] n]v]sf] gf6snfO{ ljdn
;'j]bLn] lgb{]zg u/]sf x'Gf . kmfu'g !& ut] zlgaf/ ;fFem rf?dtLsf] klxnf]
d~rg lyof] .
cleg]qL s]sL clwsf/L rf?dtLsf] lzif{ e"ldsf
l5Gf eg] k"j{ d]o/sf] e"ldsfdf s]zj :yflkt 5Gf . b]jkfnsf]
e"ldsfdf lkmNd …tf]/L nfx'/]Ú sf snfsf/ ;'jf; yfkf 5Gf . /fhs'df/ k'F8f;}gL,
c?0ff nfdf, k':s/ u'?ª, ef]nf/fh ;fksf]6f / b]zeQm vgfn rf?dtLsf cGo snfsf/
x'Gf .
klxnf] k6s gf6sdf clego u/]sL s]sLn] gofF cg'ej
kfPsf] atfpFb} /fi6«kltn] cfˆgf] sfdsf] k|z+zf ubf{ v';L nfu]sf] atfO{Gf . pgn]
gf6sdf rf¿dtLsf] hLjg hLpg kfpFbf lgs}
/dfO{nf] nfu]sf] ;d]t atfO{Gf .
;"rgf÷la1fkg
ldlt M @)&)÷!!÷!#
;'rgf . ;'rgf .. ;'rgf ...
k|:t't ljifodf
8]grr{P8 g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf o; ;+:yf åf/f
;+rflnt ælbuf] s[lifsf nfuL ;fgf ls;fg
ljsf; kl/of]hgf Æ sfo{qmd cGt{ut lgDg cg';f/sf ;DalGwt uflj; / If]]qx?df
sfo{ ug{] ul/ pNn]lvt kbsf nfuL sd{rf/Lx?sf] cfjZostf k/]sf]n] lgDg jdf]lhdsf]
of]Uotf / cfwf/ k'u]sf O{R5's g]kfnL gful/s÷JolQm -dlxnf k'?if_ x?n] k|yd k6s
of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq k|s[of k'¥ofO{ b/vf:t cfj]bgsf nfuL
cfjxfg ul/G5 .
tkl;n M
!=
|
qm=;+
|
kb
|
;+Vof
|
sfo{If]q
|
cljw
|
z}lIfs of]Uotf
|
cg'ea
|
|
!=
|
kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs
|
!
|
uu'8f, ;ftkm/L / lwsf{df08f}+ uflj;x?
- lhNnf txdf _
|
sfo{qmdsf]
;Demf}tf cg'?k
|
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yf jf6 s[lif ljifodf
:gfts plt0f{
-ljPl;PhL _
|
·
s[lif If]q
tyf ;DalGwt kl/of]hgfdf sDtLdf #
jif{sf] sfo{cg'ej u/]sf] x'g' kg{] .
·
sDKo"6/
;DalGw l;k / bIftf ePsf] .
·
cu|+]hLdf k|:tfjgf / k|ltj]bg n]vgl;k ePsf]
.
·
;+:yf /
kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{ljlw jdf]lhd
lhDd]jf/L
jxg ug{ ;Sg] .
|
|
$=
|
h]l6P ÷ ;fdflhs kl/rfns
|
#
|
uu'8f,
;ftkm/L / lwsf{df08f}+ uflj;
-;DalGwt uflj; jf6_
|
sfo{qmdsf]
;Demf}tf cg'?k
|
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yf jf6 s[lif h]l6Pdf plt{0fo u/]sf]
|
·
sDtLdf ;DalGwt ljifo / If]qdf ! jif{sf] sfo{
cg'ej
ePsf] .
·
;d'x u7g, ;xhLs/0f tyf k|fljlws l;k / k|ljlw
ls;fg / ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f / ;kf]6{ ug{ ;Sg] .
·;Dks{, ;dGjo / k|ltj]bg n]Vg ;Sg]
.
|
@=k]z ug{' kg{] sfuhftx? M
- cfkmgf] z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfsf] k|df0f kq, / g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk /
xfn ;fn} lvlrPsf] kf;kf]6 ;fO{hsf] kmf]6f ;xLtsf] JolQmut lja/0f -CV_cfj]bg ;xLt k]zug{' kg{] .
- ;DalGwt If]qdf sfd u/]sf] k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnkL .
- ljifout tflnd tyf cg'ej k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnkL .
- cfj]bg b:t'/ jfkmt ?= @)). o; ;+:yfsf] /f=jf=a}+s
l;nu9Lsf] jrt lx=vftf g+=&^)^ df hDdf u/]sf] ef}r/ jf gub hDdf ul/Psf
gubL /l;b k]z ug{' kg{] .
#=lgj]bg k]z tyf btf{ k|s[of M
- cfj]bs stf{x?n] cfkmgf] lgj]bg k]z ubf{ o; ;+:yfn]
tof/ ul/Psf] lgj]bg kmf/fd lnO{ ;f]xL jdf]lhd lgj]bg k]z ug{' kg{] 5 .
- xf8{skL k]z ug{ g:sg]sf nfuL ;+:yfsf] O{d]ndf cfkmgf] JolQmut lja/0f
-CV_ / pNn]lvt k|df0f kqx? O{d]n dfkm{t k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5
.
- b/vf:t k]z ug{' kg{] ldlt M@)&) kmfu'g !$ ut] b]vL
kmfu'g @* ut] sfof{no ;do leq k]z
ul/ ;Sg' kg{]5 .
·
Dofb gfuL cfPsf
cfj]bg dfGo x'g} 5}g .
kl/Iff x'g] ldlt / ;do M
- 5f]6f]
;'lr hf“r kmfu'g @( ut] @)&) .
- lnlvt
kl/Iff kmfu'g #) ut] @)&) -
ljxfg M !! jh] _
- cGt{jftf{ r}t
! ut] @)&) - lbp;f] !@ jh]_
;Dks{ 7]ufgf M
- ;+:yfsf] sfof{no l;nu9L lh/f] KjfO{G6 . kmf]g g+=
$@)#$),$@)))( .
- O{d]n M edcnepal2053@gmail.com
;]jf ;'ljwf M ;+:yfsf] lgod jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
gf]6 M 5f]6f] ;'lrdf k/]sf cfj]bsnfO{
dfq lnlvt kl/Iffdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 .
kbk'lt{ ;ldlt
>L z}n]Zj/L If]q lasf;
;ldlt, l;nu9L 8f]6Lsf] ;"rgf
olx ldlt @)&)
kmfu'g & ut] ;DkGg e]nfsf] 5nkmn cg';f/ @)&) kmfu'g !& ut] ;Ddsf
nflu ;b:otf vf]Ng] / !* ut]sf lbg ;fwf/0f;ef ug]{ elgPsf]df ;ldltsf] lawfg @)^)
sf] kl/R5]b # sf] bkmf * cg';f/ ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] tLg dlxgf k'u]kl5 dfq
r'gfjL k|lqmofdf efu lng kfpg] Joj:yf eP cg'?k ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] dtflwsf/
tyf pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] clwsf/ ;'/lIft ug{ / O{R5's eQmhgx?nfO{ ;b:otf k|bfg ug{
;ldltsf] ldlt @)&) kmfu'g !^ ut]sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ olx kmfu'g
d;fGt;Ddsf nflu ;b:otf v'nf u/L tt\kZrft
;fwf/0f ;b:o / cfhLjg ;b:otf ;fwf/0f;ef geP;Ddsf nflu jGb ul/g] Joxf]/f
;DjlGwt ;j}sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
!_
;fwf/0f ;b:otf z'Ns ? !)%÷–
@=
cfhLjg ;b:otf z'Ns ?= %)%÷–
gf]6 M g]kfnL
gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL yfg !, xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kf;kf]6{ ;fO{hsf]
kmf]6f] @ k|lt k]z ug'{sf ;fy} ;b:otf lbg rfxg] JolQm lxGb' wdf{jnDjL x'g' kg]{
5 .
gj/fh hf]zL -cWoIf_
z}n]Zj/L If]q lasf; ;ldlt, l;nu9L 8f]6L
xfd|f] oxfF b'w / b'wjf6 jg]sf x/]s ;fdfgx? -bxL, vf]jf, gf}gL, klg/
cflb_ tfhf Pj+ ;'ky d'Nodf kfO{G5g .
k|f]= cg'h/fh >]i7
>L z'enIdL l8n/, ljr jhf/ l;nu9L, 8f]6L
-/fwfs[i0f dlGb/ glhs_
kmf]g M )($–$@))(^, df]= (*$##(@!(*
>L z}n]Zj/L If]q lasf;
;ldlt, l;nu9L 8f]6L
k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&)÷!!÷!* ut]
lbkfno l;nu9L gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !
l;nu9L jhf/ j:g] >L of]u]z >]i7n] lbg' ePsf] lgj]bgdfyL ldlt @)&)
kmfu'g !^ ut] j;]sf] If]q lasf; ;ldltsf] a}7sn] u/]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ jxfFn]
z}n]Zj/L dlGb/sf] ue{ u[xsf] 5fgfdfyL 5fPsf] tfdfsf] 5fgfdfyL k'gM tfdfdf
;'gsf] hnk nfu]sf] tfdfsf] 5fgf 5fO{ ck{0f ug]{ cufw >4f /fVg' eO{ ;f] 5fpg
:jLs[lt lbg' k"j{ o; eGbf klxnf s:n] / slxn] tfdfsf] 5fgf 5fPsf] xf] ;f]
bftfsf] O{R5f j'e\mg cfjZos ePsf]n] of] !% lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
o; ;DjlGw s'g} klg hfgsf/L gcfPdf 5fgf 5fpg cg'dlt lbO{g] Joxf]/f o;}
;"rgfjf6 ;DjlGwt ;j}sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
gj/fh hf]zL -cWoIf_
z}n]Zj/L If]q lasf; ;ldlt, l;nu9L 8f]6L
;fwf/0f;ef ;DjlGw ;"rgf
l;nu9L vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{
;ldltsf] bf]>f] ;fwf/0f;ef tkl;nsf] ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf x'g] ePsf]n] ;f] ;fwf/0f;efdf pkl:yt eO{ lbg x'g ;DjlGwt ;j}+
u|xfs ju{x?df cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fy} kfgLsf] ljn e'Qmfg ug{ jfFsL /x]sf u|xfsx?n]
;f] ;fwf/0f;ef cufj} e'QmfgL ul/lbg x'g ;d]t cg'/f]w ul/G5 . lan jSof}tf
/x]sfn] ;fwf/0f;efdf ;xefuL x'g kfO{g]5}g .
ldlt @)&)÷!!÷@^ ut]
:yfg M
lb=l;=g=kf= ;]tL ;efxn
;do laxfg !! jh]
l;nu9L vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{
;ldlt, 8f]6L
lhNnf :jf:Yo
sfof{no 8f]6L, o'gfO{6]8 ld;g 6' g]kfn 8f]6L Sni6/, ;dfg kx'Fr lasf; s]Gb| l;8
g]kfn / laDa g]kfnL ;fKtflxs 8f]6Låf/f hglxtsf nflu hf/L æ:jf:Yo ;Gb]zÆ
g]kfndf dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] jt{dfg
l:ylt
k[i7e"ld -Background_
lj=;= @)@) ;fndf g]kfndf klxnf] k6s dfgl;s :jf:Yo
;]jf k|bfg ug{] sfd g]kfnsf] dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 :j= 8f= lji0f'k|;fb zdf{n] jL/
c:ktfnaf6 ;'? ug{'ePsf] xf] . dfgl;s /f]u ljefuaf6 ;'? u/]/ ;f]xLnfO{ krf;
z}ofsf] dfgl;s c:ktfndf cku|]8 ug{] lg0f{o tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] @)#%
;fndf u/]sf] xf] . t/ cfˆgf] ejgsf] cefjsf] sf/0fn] lj=;= @)$) ;fn;Dd ;f]
c:ktfn h;f]t;f] jL/ c:ktfnsf] xftfleq ;~rfng eof] . ;/sf/n] kRrL; z}ofsf]
lhNnf:t/Lo kf6g c:ktfnnfO{ xfnsf] kf6g c:ktfn -o"=Pd=Pg= sf] c:ktfn_ df
ufe]kl5 ;f] vfnL ePsf] c:ktfn ejgdf dfgl;s c:ktfnfO{ ;fg{] sfd eof] .
7fpFsf] cefjn] ubf{ s]jn pgGrfln; z}of dfq ;~rfng
ug{ ;lsPsf]df xfn cfP/ dfgl;s c:ktfnsf] nflu ;f]xL 7fpFdf gofF ejg agfpg] sfd
k"0f{ e};s]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] dfgl;s ;]jfnfO{ ;fwf/0f :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu}
PsLs[t ug{] / dfgl;s :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;d'bfo:t/df la/fdLsf] 3/b}nf]df g} k|bfg
ug{] gLlt agfP cg'?k ;a} If]qLo c:ktfnx?, ;a} c~rn c:ktfnx?df dfgl;s /f]usf]
ljefu vf]nL dfgls; :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug{] of]hgf cg'?k sfd e}/x]5 . o; cg';f/
xfn;Dd dfgl;s c:ktfn afx]s klZrdf~rn If]qLo c:ktfn, kf]v/f, sf]zL c~rn c:ktfn,
lj/f6gu/, e]/L c~rn c:ktfn, g]kfnu~h, n'DaLgL c~rn c:ktfn, a'6jn, e/tk'/
c:ktfn, e]/L c~rn c:ktfn cflb 7fpFx?df dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 v6fO{ dfgl;s :jf:Yo
;]jf k|bfg ug{] sfd e};s]sf] 5 . haha dfgl;s /f]uljz]if1 k|fKt x'G5 ta cGoq klg
o; ;]jfnfO{ lj:tf/ ub{} n}hfg] of]hgf 5 .
lhNnf:t/Lo c:ktfn, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, :jf:Yo
rf}sL, pk:jf:Yo rf}sL tyf hg;d'bfo;Dd dfgl;s ;]jf k|bfg ug{] Wo]on] ;/sf/n]
d]l8sn clws[t, l;lgo/ d]l8sn clws[t, c=x]=a=, l;=c=x]=a=, g;{h:tf :jf:Yo
sfo{stf{x?nfO{ pko"Qm k|sf/sf tflnd k|bfg ug{] sfd e}/x]sf] 5 .
o;b]lvafx]s jL/]Gb| ;}lgs c:ktfn 5fpgL, jL/]Gb| k|x/L c:ktfn /fgLaf/L, lq=jL=
lzIf0f c:ktfn dxf/fhu~h, la=kL=s]=cfO=Pr=P;= w/fg tyf cGo lghL If]qdf ;~rflnt
u08sL d]l8sn sn]h, kf]v/f, g]kfnu~h d]l8sn sn]h, e}/xjf d]l8sn sn]h, e/tk'/
d]l8sn sn]h, dl0fkfn d]l8sn sn]h kf]v/f, sf7df8f}+ d]l8sn sn]h / g]kfn d]l8sn
sn]hdf klg dfgl;s /f]usf] ljefu 5'§} vf]nL dfgl;s :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug{] sfd
e}/x]sf] 5 . dfgl;s c:ktfndf hgzlQm tyf ah]6 k|fKt ePcg';f/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf
klg Satellite
Clinics a]nfa]nfdf ;~rfng ub{} cfO/x]sf] 5 . tTsflng >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lj=;=+
@)%# ;fn df3 @* ut]sf lbg /fli6«o dfgl;s gLlt tyf of]hgf Soflag]6af6 kfl/t
ul/;s]sf] 5 . To:t} dfgl;s /f]uLx?sf] xs / lxtsf] ;+/If0f ug{] / ltgLx?nfO{
dfgjLo pkrf/ k|bfg ug{] p2]Zon] Pp6f 5'§} dfgl;s :jf:Yo P]g Nofpg] sfdsf]
k|f/lDes sfo{ ;dfKt e};s]sf] 5 .
dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] If]qdf ;+nUg :jf:YosdL{sf] s'/f
ubf{ xfn clw/fHodf sl/a # bh{g g]kfnL dfgl;s /f]uljz]if1 dfq 5g\ . lSnlgsn
;fOsf]nf]lh:6, ;fOlqmofl6«s ;f];n js{/, ;fOlqmofl6«s g;{, cs'k];gn y]/flk:6
cflb ljleGg k|sf/sf dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] If]qdf sfd ug{] cGo :jf:YosdL{x?sf] ;+Vof
t emg} sd 5 . o;f] x'g'sf d'Vo sf/0fx?df xfd|f] ;dfhdf dfgl;s :jf:Yok|lt unt
tyf gsf/fTds wf/0ff x'g', dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] If]qdf sfd ug{sf nflu yk cfsif{0fsf]
Joj:yf gx'g', / dfgl;s :jf:YonfO{ Go"g k|fyldstf lbg'nfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 .
cfw'lgs lrlsT;f lj1fgsf] b'|t ljsf;n] lbgk/lbg
zf/Ll/s /f]usf] pkrf/ h:t} g;f, :gfo' tyf dfgl;s/f]usf] pkrf/ klg cfzfnfUbf]
agfp+b} nu]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df klg w]/} :yfgdf oL ;]jf la:tf/ x'+b}
uPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ klg hgr]6gfsf] cefjn] w]/} g]kflnx? cGo 7fpdf ljz]ift\
Eff/tsf] /fFrL, cfu/f, uf]/vk'/, l;lnu'/L h:tf 7fpdf pkrf/sf lgldQ hfg] ub{5g\
. xfn g]kfndf klg pRr txsf] dfgl;s :jf:Yo hgzlQmsf] pTkfbg ug{] sfd eO/x]5 .
lq=lj= lrlsT;fzf:q cWoog ;+:yfg tyf lj=lk=sf]O{/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg
w/fgn] ;'? u/]sf] of] sfd xfn s]lx lghL If]qdf ;~rflnt d]l8sn sn]hx?af6 klg
o:tf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . ca dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] If]qnfO{ rflxg] cfjZos
hgzlQm s]xL xb;Dd eP klg g]kfndf g} k"/f x'g] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .
g]kfndf
ljleGg k|sf/sf dfgl;s /f]ux? slt 5g\ <
zf/Ll/s /f]u eGgfn] z/L/sf] /f]u h:t} – Ifo/f]u,
cf}nf] Hj/f], sfnfhf/, lrgL /f]u, s'i7/f]u, SofG;/ cflbnfO{ hgfpFb5 eg] dfgl;s
/f]u eGgfn] lbdfu jf dgdl:tisdf nfUg] ljleGg /f]ux? h:t} l;hf]k|m]lgof,
pbfl;kgf, pQ]hgf, 8/, lrGtf nfUg], dWokfg tyf nfu"kbfy{sf] b"Ao{;g,
;':t dgl:ylt, 5f/]/f]u, of}gOR5fdf u8a8L, jf lg+b|fdf u8a8L / ef]s;DaGwL ;d:of
cflb dfgl;s /f]ux? nfO{ hgfpFb5 . dgdl:tissf] laleGg efu / sfo{df c;/ k/] cg';f/
dflg;x?df yl/y/L dfgl;s /f]ux? x'g] ub{5g\ . xfn;Dd #)) b]lv $)) yl/sf dfgl;s
/f]ux?sf] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .
t/ ;j{;fwf/0fn] dfgl;s /f]u eGgfn] s]jn ;fOsf]l;;
jf s8f vfnsf] dfgl;s /f]u of kfunkgnfO{ dfq lng] u/]sf] kfOG5 . of] wf/0ff unt
xf] lsgeg] x/]s ;o hgf dfgl;s /f]uLx?df kfunkg jf ;fOsf]l;; kfFrb]lv b; hgfeGbf
sddf dfq b]lvG5 / gAa] hgfeGbf a9L dfgl;s /f]uLx? ;j{;fwf/0fh:t} b]lvG5g\ .
pgLx?sf] af]lnrfln, Jojxf/, dgl:ylt, sfd u/fO, x]/fO cflbaf6 pgLx? dfgl;s /f]uL
x'g\ eGg] s'/f yfxf x'g ;Qm}g . g]kfndf xfdLn] ;j{]If0f gu/] tfklg ;+;f/sf
ljleGg ljsl;t /fi6«x?df ul/Psf cWoogx?af6 s] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] ljleGg k|sf/sf
dfgl;s /f]ux?sf] Jofkstf ljsl;t
/fi6«x?df / ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x?df p:t}p:t} kfOPsf] 5 / ;x/L If]q /
u|fdL0f If]qdf klg ;dfg ?kdf kfOPsf] 5 . jf:tjdf dfgl;s /f]u x? s'g} klg pd]/,
lnË, wd{, k]zf, hflt, ju{ jf z}lIfs :t/sf dfG5]nfO{ nfUg ;Sb5 . s'g} klg ju{sf
dfgj dfgl;s/f]uaf6 d'Qm x'+b}gg\ . s'/f olt xf] ls s'g} b]zdf Pp6f /f]usf]
k|ltzt s]xL a9L b]lvG5 eg] csf{] /f]usf] k|ltzt s]xL sd b]lvG5 / ;fnfvfnf
dfgl;s /f]usf] Jofkstf eg] s'n hg;+Vofsf] sl/a kRrL;b]lv tL; k|ltzt kfOPsf] 5
t;y{ g]kfndf ljleGg k|sf/sf dfgl;s /f]ux?sf] lgDgfg';f/ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 M–
!_
ljleGg k|sf/sf ;fOsf]l;; -l:shf]k|m]lgof, d]lgof cflb_ – sl/a @Ü,
@_
ljleGg vfnsf] Go'/f]l;; -sd s8f vfnsf] dfgl;s /f]ux?_ – !)Ü,
#_
ljleGg vfnsf l8k|];g -pbf;Lgtf_ – sl/a ^Ü,
$_
ljleGg vfnsf 5f/]–/f]ux? – sl/a #Ü,
%_
ljleGg txsf ;':t dgl:ylt – sl/a #Ü,
^_ dfbs
kbfy{sf] s'nt of b'Jo{;g – sl/a #–%Ü,
&_
nfu" kbfy{ b'Jo{;g – sl/a !Ü,
*_
ljleGg k|sf/sf JolQmTjsf] u8a8L – sl/a #Ü,
(_ cGo
dfgl;s /f]ux? – sl/a #Ü .
o;/L ljleGg vfnsf] dfgl;s /f]ux? ;a} ldnfpFbf s'n
hg;+Vofsf] sl/a tL; k|ltzt dflg;x? s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf dfgl;s /f]uaf6 kLl8t
ePsf] kfOG5 . km]/L Pp6} dflg;df Pp6feGbf a9L zf/Ll/s /f]u x'g ;s]h:t} Pp6}
dflg;df Pp6feGbf a9L dfgl;s /f]u klg x'g ;Qm5 . t;y{ g]kfnsf] xfnsf]
hg;+VofnfO{ b'O{ s/f]8 rfln; nfv dfGg] xf] eg] xfn g]kfndf sDtLdf klg axQ/ nfv
dfgl;s /f]uLx? ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 .
dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] ;d:ofn] xfd|f] hLjgdf clt
g} 7"nf] gsf/fTds c;/ kfg{ ;Sg] eP tfklg xfd|f] b]zdf dfq geO{ ;+;f/e/ g}
zf/Ll/s :jf:Yosf] t'ngfdf dfgl;s :jf:YonfO{ lgs} g} sd k|fyldstf lbPsf] kfOPsf]
5 .
8f= lgd{n nfld5fg]
g;f, :gfo' tyf dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1
dlxnf :jf:Yo M ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L
dlxnf :jf:Yo s] xf] <
dlxnf :jf:Yo eGgfn] s'g} klg dlxnf /f]u tyf
b'a{ntfaf6 d'Qm x'g' dfq geO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / ;fdflhs ¿kn] tGb'?:t x'g' xf] .
dlxnf :jf:YonfO{ uef{j:yf / ;'Ts]/L cj:yfdf ul/g] dft[lzz' ;]jfsf] ¿kdf dfq
a'em\g' ;fF3'/f] a'emfO x'G5 . o;n] dlxnfsf] :jf:Yosf cGo kIf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg,
afFemf]kg, pd]/ 9Ns]sf dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo ;d:of, Pr\= cfO{= eL=÷P8\; / cGo kIfnfO{
klg ;d]6\5 . dlxnf :jf:YonfO{ ljleGg s'/fx¿ h:t} M kfl/jfl/s, cfly{s,
;f+:s[lts, lzIff, r]tgf, / /fhgLlts s'/fx¿n] k|ToIf k|efj kf/]sf x'G5g\ . To;}n]
dlxnf :jf:Yosf] af/]df 5nkmn ubf{ dlxnf :jf:Yo / o;nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ tTjx¿sf]
cGt/;DaGwsf] ;du|tfdf 5nkmn ug{' cjZos x'G5 . ljleGg k]zf;+u cfa4 dlxnfx¿sf
s]xL ljlzi6 vfnsf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL cfjZostf / ;d:ofx¿ x'G5g\ . vf;u/L >lds
dlxnfx¿sf] :Jff:Yosf] af/]df s'/f ubf{ pgLx¿sf] sfd ug]{ sfdsf] k|s[lt /
sfo{ynf]sf] jftfj/0fn] pgLx¿sf] k|hgg\ tyf ;du| :jf:Yo klg k|efljt x'G5 . h;sf
sf/0f dlxnfsf] :jf:Yodf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ;d:ofx¿ b]vf kb{5g\ .
dlxnf :jf:Yosf] s'/f ul//xFbf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo Ps
cleGg cËsf] ¿kdf cfpF5 . k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;du| :jf:Yosf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ efu
x'g'sf] ;fy} dfgj ljsf;sf] s]Gb|laGb' klg xf] . ;fdfGotof k|hgg\ :jf:Yo eGgf;fy
xfdL dlxnf ue{jtL x'g' / aRrf hGdfpg'nfO{ a'‰5f}F . k|hgg\ :jf:Yo Ps
cfwf/e"t dfgjclwsf/ klg xf] . h;sf] cy{ xf] M
¨ k|To]s
JolQm vf;u/L dlxnfx¿ Pj+ bDklQnfO{ slxn] / sltj6f aRrf hGdfpg] eGg] af/]df
;xL lg0f{o lng] clwsf/ /x]sf] x'G5 .
¨ dlxnf /
k'?ifnfO{ kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf s]–s:tf ;fwgx¿ pknAw 5g\ / tL sxfF / slxn] kfOG5g\
eGg] hfgsf/L kfpg] clwsf/ x'G5 .
¨ kl/jf/
lgof]hgsf ;fwgx¿sf] kmfObf / cfOkg{ ;Sg] ;d:ofaf/] 1fg kfpg] clwsf/ x'G5 .
¨ dlxnf /
k'?ifx¿n] cfkm"n] ?rfPsf kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwg tyf pkfox¿ pknAw ug{ ;Sg]
x'g' kb{5 .
¨ dlxnf
tyf bDklQn] ;'/lIft uef{j:yf tyf ;'Ts]/L x'gsf nflu s] s:tf] :jf:Yo ;]jfsf]
h?/t kb{5 / Tof] ;]jf sxfFaf6 pknAw x'g ;Sb5 eGg] af/]df hfgsf/L kfpg'kb{5 .
¨ kl/jf/n]
cfkm\gf] gjhft lzz'nfO{ s;/L x]/rfx ug]{ / s'g} ;d:of cfOk/]df sxfFaf6 ;xof]u
lng] eGg] af/]df hfgsf/L kfpg' kb{5 .
¨ grfx]sf]
ue{wf/0f x'g uPdf dlxnfx¿n] ;'/lIft tj/af6 ue{ktg u/fpg kfpg' kb{5 .
¨ k|hgg\
:jf:Yosf af/]df lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿n] ;xL hfgsf/L kfpg' kb{5 .
¨ dlxnf,
k'?if tyf ev{/sf lszf]/lszf]/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL s'g} ;d:of
cfOk/]df u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf ;Nnfx kfpg' kb{5 .
¨ uf]Ko
jftfj/0fdf ;]jf lng kfpg] clwsf/ M ;a} dlxnfx¿nfO{ uf]Ko jftfj/0fdf k|hgg\
:jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;]jf tyf k/fdz{ lng kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
;'/lIft
dft[Tj, k|hgg\ :jf:Yo / ue{ktg
g]kfndf dlxnfx¿sf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yosf] cj:yf Psbd}
gfh's 5 . cfFs8f x]bf{ >lds dlxnfx¿sf] k|hgg\ :Jff:Yosf] cj:yf ce}m bogLo 5
. dlxnf >ldsx¿n] e]mln/x]sf ;d:ofaf/] s'/f ubf{, k|fyldstfsf] ;"rLdf
dft[Tj ;+/If0f ;a} eGbf dfly kb{5 . :jf:Yo aLdf, :jf:Yo pkrf/ k4lt / ;'ljwf
g]kfndf cToGt} sdhf]/ 5g\ . dft[Tj ;+/If0f Joj:yfn] ;fgf] cg'kftdf zx/L
dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;d]6] klg d'VotM u|fdL0f If]qsf ax';+Vos dlxnfnfO{ eg] k/Dk/fut
ljZjf; cg';f/sf] efUodf g} 5f]l8lbPsf] 5 . dlxnfx¿nfO{ uef{j:yfdf sfddf nufpFbf
dlxnf / aRrfdf kg{ hfg] c;/x¿sf] af/]df yfxf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg dlxnfx¿ ue{jtL
cj:yfdf dfq xf]Og, ;'Ts]/L cj:yfdf klg sfo{ynf]df sfd ug{ cfpmg\ eGg] rfxG5g\
/f]huf/bftfx¿ .
>d If]qsf] cf}krfl/s If]qsf k|lti7fgx¿df
;'Ts]/L labfsf] Joj:yf >d P]gdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . t/ cgf}krfl/s If]qsf
dlxnfx¿sf] nflu ;'Ts]/L labfsf] Joj:yf gePsf] cj:yf 5 . >d ahf/df
>dzlQmsf] em08} ## k|ltzt dlxnfn] sfo{ynf]df ;'Ts]/L labf kfPsf 5}gg\ .
cf}krfl/s If]q elgPklg un}+rf If]qsf >ldsx¿ ;'Ts]/L labfsf] b[li6af6 ;aeGbf
a9L pk]lIft 5g\ . ;kmfO If]qdf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf / /fhwfgLsf c:ktfn
nufotsf cf}krfl/s If]qdf t'ngfTds ¿kdf /fd|f] cj:yf b]lvG5 .
¨ dlxnfsf]
;Gtfg pTkfbg cjlwe/L g]kfnsf] kl/k]|Iodf ;fdfGotof b'O{ k6s ;'Ts]/L labf pknAw
x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf
;'Ts]/L labf æslt lbgÆ eGg] km/s–km/s Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 M
¨
lghfdlt ;]jfdf ;aeGbf a9L ^) lbg ;'Ts]/L labf lbg] k|fjwfg 5 .
¨
;fj{hlgs k|lti7fgdf sd 5 / k|lti7fg lkR5] km/s 5 .
¨
cf}krfl/s If]qdf ;'Ts]/L labf ;fdfGot M $% lbg lbOG5 .
¨ sfo{ynf]df $% b]lv ^) lbgsf] ;'Ts]/L
labf kfOG5 eg] ##=& k|ltztn] of] labf #)–$% lbg kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
¨ ;fx|} yf]/} 7fp“x¿df eg] ^) lbgb]lv
a9L / #) lbgb]lv sd labfsf] Joj:yf /x]sf]
5 .
¨ lrof aufgdf $% lbg labfsf] Joj:yf 5
.
¨ cf}Bf]lus If]qdf %@ lbg labfsf]
Joj:yf 5 .
dft[ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL s]xL tYox¿
¨ Dfft[ d[To' k|hgg\ :j:Yo cj:yfsf]
;"rs dfq geO{ ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] cj:yfsf] klg ;"rs xf] .
¨ Dfft[ d[To' ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿df Pp6f
k|d'v ;femf :jf:Yo ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf
/x]sf] 5 .
¨ dft[ d[To'b/ 36fpg] Psdfq pknAwL
eg]sf] /fhgLlts k|lta4tf xf] . ;fy} dlxnfsf] ;du| cj:yfdf ;'wf/, dlxnf xs
clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf / ;a} dlxnfnfO{ cfjZos dft[ :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿df kx'“r k'¥ofpg]
h:tf s'/fx¿ dft[ d[To' sd ug]{ cGo k|fyldstfsf pkfox¿ x'g\ .
¨ x/]s jif{ ljZjdf % nfv eGbf a9L
dlxnfx¿sf] ue{jtL / aRrf hGdfp“bf b]lvg] ;d:ofsf sf/0f d[To' x'G5, h'g
ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿df (( k|lt;t 5 .
¨ nfvf+} dlxnfx¿ aRrf hGdfpg] cj:yfdf
s'g} x]/rfx gkfO{ PSn} x'G5g\ . ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿df $ ue{jtL dlxnfx¿dWo] Ps
dlxnf PSn} x'lG5g\ jf pgnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ l5d]sL jf sf]xL gft]bf/ dfq x'G5g\ .
¨ g]kfn hg;f+lVos tyf :jf:Yo ;j]{If0f
@))^ sf cg';f/ g]kfndf $$ k|ltzt uej{tL dlxnfn] dfq :Jff:YosdL{;“u :jf:Yo hf“r
u/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
¨ To;}u/L g]kfndf nueu !( k|ltzt
dlxnfx¿n] dfq tflnd k|fKt :jf:YosdL{x¿af6 ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
¨ ue{jtL dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] / lzz'sf]
/fd|f] :jf:Yosf] nflu sDtLdf klg rf/ k6s :jf:Yo hf“r u/fpg' k5{ . ue{jtL
dlxnfdWo] @( k|ltztn] dfq rf/ cyjf Tof] eGbf a9L :jf:Yo hf“r u/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
¨ g]kfnn] ;x;|fAbL nIo k"/f ug]{
/fli6«o / cGt//fli6«o k|lta4tf cg';f/ @)!% ;Dddf dft[ d[To'b/ @÷# sf] cg'kftdf
36fpg] k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf] 5 .
¨ g]kfndf w]/} h;f] -^&%_
dft[d[To' 3/d} x'g] ub{5 . !! k|ltzt :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf hf“bf hf“b} af6f]df, !!
k|lt;t :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf, tLdWo] () k|lt;t dft[ d[To' ufp“df x'g] ub{5 .
¨ dft[ d[To'sf] d'Vo sf/0fx¿ pRr
/Qm>fj -aRrf hGdfpg' cufl8 / aRrf hGdfP k5fl8_, kmf]xf]/ 7fp“, 6]G;g w]/}
x'g', c;Gt'lnt cfxf/, uef{j:yfdf a9L kl/>d, c;'/lIft ue{ktg / cGo k|ToIf /
ck|ToIf sf/0fx¿n] x'g] ub{5 .
¨ k|To]s !)) hgf ue{jtL dlxnfdWo] $)
hgfdf uef{j:yf, ;'Ts]/L jf ;'Ts]/L kl5 s]xL g s]xL hl6ntfx¿ b]vf kg]{ u5{g\ .
!% hgfdf aRrf hGdfpg] a]nf jf hGdfPkl5 lrGtfhgs hl6ntfx¿ b]lvG5 eg] % hgfdf
ck|]zgg} ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfp“5 .
g]kfn 6«]8
o'glgog dxf;+3åf/f k|sflzt dlxnf :jf:Yo a'n]l6gjf6
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