Monday, September 22, 2014

बिम्ब नेपाली साप्ताहिक, मिति २०७१ साल असोज ७ गते मंगलवार

lahof bzdL tyf z'e lbkfjnLsf] z'esfdgf ;Gb]z k|sfzg ug{ rfxfg'x'g] JolQm tyf ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ (*$*$&#%(# df ;Dks{ u/L cfkm\gf] z'esfdgf ;Gb]z l6Kg nufpg' x'g jf email : weeklybimba@gmail.com df ;Gb]z k7fO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg' x'g cg'/f]w 5 .

x/]s rf8kj{ Pj+ ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fx? b]zsf /fli6«o klxrfg x'g\ . o:tf      s'/fx?sf] cGTo x'g' eg]sf] /fli6«o klxrfg u'Dg' xf] . /fli6«o klxrfgsf] hu]gf{sf nflu klg rf8kj{ Pj+ ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fsf] k|j4{g / ;Dj4{g ug'{ xfd|f] g}lts bfloTj xf] .
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu
d'Vo ;dfrf/
/S;Lsf sf/0f Hofg / rf]/Lsf 36gf j9]
ut cfly{s jif{df &% d'4f km};nf eP, b'O{ dlxgfdf !@ km};nf
8f]6L lhNnf cbfntsf GofofwLz wgl;+ dx/fn] 8f]6L lhNnfdf x'g] Hofg ;DjlGw 36gfx? / rf]/Lsf 36gfx? /S;Lsf sf/0f x'g] u/]sf jtfPsf 5g . cbfntn] cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷)&! &% d'4f km};nf u/]sf] 5 .
8f]6L lhNnf cbfntn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] kqsf/;+usf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf jf]Nb} GofofwLz dx/fn] eg] æd}n] clxn];Dd tLg j6f Hofg ;DjlGw d'4fsf] km};fnf u/], tL ltgj6} d'4fsf] hl/of /S;Lg} e]l6Psf] 5 .Æ GofofwLz dx/fn] /S;Lsf] dftdf pb08 eP/ em}–emu8f x'g] / rf]/L, Hofg dfg]{ h:tf k|s[lQsf ck/fwx? a9\g] u/]sf] jtfP . GofofwLz dx/fn] /S;L jGb ug{sf nflu ;j}n] ;f]Rg' kg]{ j]nf cfPsf] larf/ JoQm u/] . pgn] eg] æo; jf/]df ;j}n] ;dod} Wofg lbg h?/L 5 .Æ
cbfntsf] sfdsf/jfxLsf] jf/]df ;~rf/sdL{dfkm{t hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zosf ;fy cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] jtfpFb} dx/fn] eg] æhgtfdf cbfntsf] sfd jiff}{+ hfG5 eGg] wf/0ff ePsfn] pQm wf/0ff d]6fpg h?/L 5 .Æ dx/fn] cbfntn] b'Mv lbof] eg]/ s;}n] klg eGg gkfcf]; eGgsf nflu cfkm'x? ;lqmo eP/ sfd ul//x]sf jtfP . æcbfnt hgtsf] cf:yf / laZjf;sf] s]Gb| aGg' k5{Æ GofofwLz dx/fn] eg] æxfdL d'4f btf{ ePs} lbg ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ tkfO{sf] d'4fdf olt ;do nfUg ;S5 eg]/ eGg] jftfj/0f ;d]t ;[hgf ub}{5f}+ .Æ rfn' cfly{s jif{df hDdf !* d'4f cbfntdf /x]sf / lt d'4fx? s'g} klg ^ dlxgf eGbf dfyLsf gePsf GofofwLz dx/fn] bfjL u/] . cbfntsf sf/0f s'g} klg d'4fdf l9nf;':tL gePsf] jtfpFb} GofofwLz dx/fn] eg] æcbfntk|ltsf] hgtfsf] wf/0ff kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf x'G5 .Æ cbfntjf6 lng' kg]{ ;"rgf jf cbfntsf] sfdsf/jfxLsf] laifodf s'g} hfgsf/L lng' k/] lgw{Ss eP/ ;Dks{ ug{ ;d]t dx/fn]  ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ cfu|x u/] . dx/fn] s'g} klg d'4fnfO{ ^ dlxgfleq} km};nf ug]{ bfjL ;d]t u/]sf 5g .
sfo{qmddf cbfntsf >]it]bf/ gj/fh hf]zLn] ut cfly{s jif{df lhNnf cbfntdf cfPsf (@ d'4fx?dWo] &% d'4f ;f]xL jif{ km};nf ePsf hfgsf/L lbP . æut jif{jf6 o; jif{df ;/L cfPsf !& d'4f / o; jif{ !# gofF cfPsf u/L rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] b'O{ dlxgfdf #) d'4f /x]sf lyPÆ >]it]bf/ hf]zLn] eg] …lo dWo] !@ d'4f km};nf eO{;s]sf 5g .Ú hf]zLn] jfFsL d'4fx? klg ;dod} km};nf x'g] jtfP .
xfn cbfntdf /x]sf d'4fx?dWo] gftf sfod Ps, dfgf rfdn Ps, rf]/L Ps / jg km8fgL b'O{ /x]sf 5g . o;}u/L Hofg ;DjlGw kfFr, hj/h:tL s/0fL pBf]u Ps, c+z d'4f Ps, c+z / ;DjGw laR5]b d'4f Ps, btf{ gfd;f/L Ps / hUuf ;DjlGw b'O{ d'4f   /x]sf 5g . o:t} cbfntsf] ckx]nfgf ;DjlGw Ps / ufnL a]O{HhtL ;DjlGw Ps d'4f cbfntdf larf/flwg 5g .
ut jif{ km};nf sfof{Gjog u/L kfpg & lgj]bg cfPsfdf kfFr lgj]bg kmRo'{6 eO{;s]sf ;d]t hf]zLn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g .
;f] cj;/df 8f]6L lhNnf cbfntdf ## jif{ ^ dlxgf !& lbg sfd u/L ;]jflga[Q ePsf zfvf clws[t dgdf]xg >]i7nfO{ lhNnf cbfnt / lhNnf cbfnt jf/ P;f]l;P;gn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;Ddfg u/]sf lyP . o:t} ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] pTs[i6 sd{rf/Lsf ?kdf 5gf}6 u/]sf lhNnf cbfntsf l86\7f -vl/bf/_ lu/L/fh e08f/LnfO{ ;Ddfg Pj+ k'/:sf/ lbO{Psf] lyof] .
Gofofnok|ltsf] u'gf;f]
uxe/L cfFz', n/v/fpFbf] :j/, lvGg cg'xf/df pgn] eg] æ@( jif{;Dd d Pp6} kbdf /x]/ sfd u/]F, d]/f] a9'jf ePg .Æ
8f]6L lhNnf cbfntdf ## jif{ ^ dlxgf !& lbg sfd u/]/ ;]jflga[Q ePsf dgdf]xg >]i7sf] cf}krflrs labfO{ Pj+ ;Ddfg ug{ cfO{tjf/ lhNnf cbfnt 8f]6L / 8f]6L lhNnf jf/n] Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . >]i7nfO{ ;Ddfg klg ul/of] t/ pgsf] dgleq /x]sf] lvGgtf eg] d]6fpg ;s]g Tof] sfo{qmdn] . >]i7n] eg] æ## jif{ hflu/ u/]/ d}n] s] sdfP jf s] u'dfP eGg] s'/f d]/f] ;DklQ 5fgljg ubf{ klg yfx xf]nf .Æ pgn] yk] …@( jif{;Dd gfoj ;'Jjf eP/ g t d}n] ;DklQ hf]8\g ;s]F g d]/f] sfdsf] ;Ddfg kfPF .Ú
8f]6L lhNnf lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf–@ 3/ ePsf >]i7 Gofofnoleq nfdf] ;do;Dd ;]jf u/L pd]/sf] xbsf sf/0f clgjfo{ cjsf;df k/]sf x'g . pgn] eg] ælhNnf cbfntn] Tof] ;Sb}gGyf] xf]nf, k'g/fj]bgn] klg ;Sb}GYof] xf]nf t/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] sfg'g lgdf{0f ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ cfb]z ug{ ;SYof] lg, Tof] lsg u/]g <Æ cfkm' h:t} y'k|} sd{rf/Lx?sf] cj:yf o:t} ePsf] eGb} >]i7n] eg] ædnfO{ w]/} b'Mv nfu]sf] 5 .Æ

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lzIff ;j}sf] ;/f]sf/sf] laifo jgfO{g' k5{
@)&) ;fnsf] k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] glthf b]ze/L $# k|lt;t cfpFbf 8f]6Lsf] !& k|lt;t dfq} cfof] . !& k|lt;t klg gLlh laBfnon] wfGbf ePsf] xf] . ;/sf/L lafBfnos} dfq} e/ kg]{ xf] eg] of] glthf ;fob b'O{ c+s klg 5'g] lyPg xf]nf .
pQm glthfkl5 lhNnfdf clxn] Ps vfnsf] jx; x'g yfn]sf] 5 . oBkL k|j]lzsfsf] glthf 8f]6Ldf Ps} rf]6L x\jfQ} 36]sf] laifo xf]O{g . @)^% ;fnb]lvg} 8f]6Lsf] k|j]lzsf cf]/fnf] nfUb} cfPsf] lyof] . t/, nfhdbf]{ cj:yfdf k'u]kl5 clxn] ax;sf] laifo jg]sf] 5 k|j]lzsf .
k|j]lzsfsf] glthfnfO{ dfq} xfdLn] nIf jgfP/ laBfnodf cWoog÷cWofkg u/fpFbf of] ;d:of cfO{nfu]sf] eGbf unt gxf]nf . lzIfsx?, cleefjsx?, lzIff If]qsf cGo JolQmx? / ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;d]t u/L ;j}sf] Wofg k|j]lzsfd} c8\lsPsf]   5 . husf] dhj'tLnfO{ Wofg glbP/ 3/sf] tnf dfq yKg] of]hgf hlt xflgsf/s x'G5 Toltg} xflgsf/0f xf] k|f/lDes lzIffnfO{ Wofg glbP/ k|j]lzsfsf] dfq} glthf /fd|f] vf]Hg' xf] .
cfkm\g} laBfyL{x?nfO{ lr6 rf]/fpgsf nflu k/LIffdf uf8{ j:g] lzIfsx?, cfkm\gf] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ 3/jf6} lr6 tof/ u/]/ n}hfg ;xof]u / ;Nnfx lbg] cleefjsx?, a9L laBfyL{ kf; u/fpg k/LIffnfO{ cln v's'nf] 5f]8\g k5{ eGg] dfGotfsf s]Gb|fWoIfx?, jflx/jf6 lr6 leq k'¥ofpg x'nfsLsf] sfd ug]{ ;'/IffsdL{x? / ;~rf/sdL{sf] laNnf le/]/ k/LIff xndf hfg] clg cfkm\GtnfO{ lr6 lbg] s]xL 8]9 cSsn]x? ;j}n] k|f/lDes lzIffjf6} k9fO{ /fd|f] jgfpg' k5{ eg]/ k|of; ug]{ xf] ls Û
8f]6L lhNnfdf cem} & k|lt;t jfnjflnsfx? laBfno eGbf jflx/ 5g, laBfno uPsfx? klg lgoldt 5}gg\ . lard} sIff 5f]8\g], sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg]sf] ;+Vof klg Go'g /x]sf] 5 . sIff ! df egf{ ePsf] jfnjflnsfx?dWo] yf]/} k|lt;t dfq k|j]lzsf k/LIff;Dd k'Ug] u/]sf 5g . of] s'/fsf] ;'wf/sf nflu ;j}n] rfF;f] /fVg' k5{ xf]nf . em§ x]bf{ ;j}n] lzIfsnfO{ dfq bf]ifL dfGb} cfPsf 5g . lglZrt ?kdf lzIfssf] bf]if c? kfqx?sf] eGbf a9L xf]nf, lzIfs sd{rf/L klg xf], g]tf klg xf], pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] cWoIf klg xf], Plss[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldltsf] ;b:o klg xf], jg, Snj, ;+:yf ;j}sf] cWoIf÷;b:o klg xf] . ufpFdf j:g] a'l4hLjL, ;dfh;]jL klg xf] . To;sf/0f w]/} e'ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kbf{ / ;DjlGwt lgsfon] cg'udgk|lt rfF;f] g/fVbf s]xL ;d:of t x'G5 xf]nf g} t/ ;j} bf]if lzIfssf] 6fpsf]df /fv]/ cfkm' rf]vf] jGg ;Sg] cj:yf s;}sf] klg 5}g .
cleefjsx?n] cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;fdu|Lx? pknJw u/fP ls u/fPgg\, p;sf] u[xsfo{ hfFr u/] ls u/]gg\, 5f]/f laBfno hfG5 ls jf6f]jf6} kms{G5 eg]/ x]/] ls x]/]gg\, laBfnodf lzIfsx? cfP/ k9fpF5g ls s'g} kf6L{sf] em08f jf]Sb} jf ;dfh ;]jfsf] gfddf st} JolQmut sfo{df JoQm 5g ls Û Tof] s'/f x]g]{ lhDdf t cleefjssf] klg xf] lg Û æclg lzIfsx? ab\df; x'gÆ eg]/ efif0f ug]{x?sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf cg'udgsf] kf6f] k5{ ls kb}{g < unt ug]{ lzIfsnfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ ;lsG5 ls ;lsFb}g < Psn] csf]{nfO{ bf]if nufP/ dfq} t k'Ub}g xf]nf .
To;}n] lzIff ;j}sf] ;/f]sf/sf] laifo jGg' k5{ . ;j} jfnjflnsfx?n] laBfno egf{ x'g] / u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ ;j}nfO{ x'g' h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k eGbf dfyL p7]/ ;f]Rg' h?/L 5 .

yk ;dfrf/
8f]6L lhNnfnfO{ k'if !@ df v'nf lbFzfd'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/g]
a[xt ;/;kmfO{ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg
æ8f]6Lsf] klxrfg, k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{ xfd|f] cleofgÆ eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy klxnf] k6s 8f]6Ldf a[xt ;/;kmfO{ ;Dd]ng ljlxjf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
lhNnfsf] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf cg';f/ 8f]6L lhNnfnfO{ oxL @)!$ leq v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm lhNnf agfpg] /x]sf] 5 . ;f] cleofgnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zosf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm ;Dd]ngdf lhNnfsf] ;du| ;/;kmfO{ cj:yfsf] jf/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . lhNnfnfO{ tf]lsPs} ;dodf v'Nnf lbFzfd'Qm lhNnf 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Dd]ngn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] d'Vo p2]Zosf  ;f] ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lhNnf:t/Lo vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf ;dGjo ;ldlt 8f]6Ln] atfPsf] 5 .
%) j6f uflj; / Ps gu/kflnsf /x]sf] 8f]6Ldf xfn;Dd @& uflj; / gu/kflnsfsf !$ j8fdWo] ! j8f gu/kflnsf] dfq v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm 3f]if0ff ePsf 5g eg] @# j6f uflj; / gu/kflnsfsf !# j8fx? v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm wf]if0ff ug{ afFsL /x]sf 5g\ .
8f]6Lsf] l;nu9Ldf b'O{ lbg;Dd rn]sf] ;f] ;Dd]ngdf ;du| 8f]6Lsf] vfg]kfgLsf] tyf ;/;kmfO{ cj:yf, /fli6«o vfg]kfgLsf tyf ;/;kmfO{ cj:yf, 8f]6Lsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf] klxrfg / e'ldsf nufot ljleGg ljifodf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . 5nkmn kZrft 8f]6Lsf] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} 8f]6L lhNnfnfO{ cfpbf] kf}if !@ ut] v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm lhNnf 3f]if0ff ug]{, cleofgnfO{ ;do l;dfleq k'/f ug{ ;a}n] ;xof]u ug]{ nufotsf a'Fbfx?nfO{ ;d]6L ( a'Fb] 3f]if0ff kq  kfl/t ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] 3f]if0ff kqdf pNn]lvt a'bfx?nfO{ cIf/; kfngf tyf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] lnlvt tyf df}lvs ?kdf k|ltj4tf ;d]t hgfPsf lyP .
Vffg]kfgL tyf ;/–;kmfO{sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf ;~rfng ul/Psf] ;f] ;Dd]ngdf 8f]6L lhNnfdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|d'v, k|ltlgwL, /fhlglts bn, uflj; ;lrj, uflj; :jf:Yo ;+:yf k|ltlgwL, gful/s ;dfh nufotsf ;of}+sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] eg] ;f] ;Dd]ngdf ;xhLs/0f vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefusf O{lGhlgo/ r]tgf/fo0f >]i7 ;'–cfxf/fsf jf; ljz]if1 w|'j{ sfsL{, o'lg;]kmsf jf; ljz]if1 gd:t]nfn >]i7,       cf/le8An'cf/PdkLsf kl/lrt >]i7n] u/]sf lyP .
;/;kmfOnfO{ cleofgsf] ?kdf c3f8L a9fO{ v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff gePsf uflj;sf] gofF sfo{of]hgf agfO{, v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ePsf uflj;x?df k'0f{ ;/;kmfOsf s[ofsnfk ;~rfng u/L kfgLsf] ;'ljwfaf6 al~rt /x]sf 3/ kl/jf/df vfg]kfgLsf] kx'Fr a9fpg] ;s] ;f] cleofgn] ;fy{stf kfpg] ;DalGwt If]qsf lj1x? atfp5g\ .

cg'udgjf6 nfvf}+sf] cvfB j:t' a/fdb
bz}+ ltxf/ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ rfF8kj{x?nfO{ nlIft u/L lhNnf ahf/ cg'udg 6f]nLn] 8f]6Lsf laleGg ahf/df cg'udg u/L nfvf}+sf] cvfB j:t'x? j/fdb u/]sf] 5 .
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Lsf k|zf;sLo clws[t hgs/fh zdf{sf] g]t[Tjdf cg'udgsf nflu uPsf] 6f]nLn] lhNnfsf l;nu9L, /fhk'/, lkkNnf jhf/, ;fh3f6, zflGtgu/, rf}v'§] / lbkfon Po/kf]6{sf] jhf/ cg'udg u/]sf] 5 . cg'udgsf qmddf pkef]u ug]{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf, u'0f:t/lxg vfBoa:t'x? nfvf}+ j/fj/sf] j/fdb ul/Psf] cg'udg ;ldltn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . cg'udg 6f]nLsf ;b:o Pj+ pkef]Qmf d~r 8f]6Lsf dxf;ljr kqsf/ 6]s]Gb| b]pjfn] d;nf, la:s'6, lrp/f, ;'lt{hGo kbfy{x?, ;fj'g, 6kmL glDsgx?, rfprfp nufotsf ;fdfgx? j/fdb ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbP . æcg'udfg u/]sf] eGbf a9L ;fdu|Lx? a/fdb ePsf] 5Æ b]pjfn] eg] …>+uf/sf ;fdfgx? ;d]t u'0f:t/lxg / Dofb gf3]sf e]l6Psf  5g .Ú ldl/08f, sf]sf nufotsf Koo kbfy{x?, 6'yk]i6 nufotsf ;du|L ;d]t j/fdb ul/Psf] b]pjfn] jtfP . ;'g Jofkf/Lx?n] ;j}eGbf j9L pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ 7uL u/]sf] lhNnf cg'udg ;ldltsf ;+of]hs zdf{n] jtfP . pgn] eg] …;'grfFbL gfk hf]v ug]{ sfF6fx? s'g} klg a}1flgs 5}gg\ .Ú zdf{n] k/Dk/fut t/fh' k|of]u ul/Psf kfO{Psf / To;df klg ;Gt'ng gldn]sf] kfO{Psf] jtfP . unt ug]{ ;'grfFsL k;nsf gfkhf]v ug]{ sfF6fx? hkmt u/]sf] klg cg'udg 6f]nL ;+of]hs zdf{n] atfPsf 5g\ .
…;'grfFbL Aoj;foLn] u/]sf] uNtLk|lt s;}n] rfF;f] g/fVbf dgk/L ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5Ú cg'udg 6f]nLsf ;b:o /d]z hf]zLn] eg] æs'g}klg ;'grfFbL k;nn] pkef]QmfnfO{ lan glbPsf] e]l6of] eg] tf}ndf em08} Ps cfgf;Ddsf] km/s b]lvof] .Æ ;'grfFbL Aoj;foL h:t} cGo Aofkf/Lsf] unt ug]{ dfWod gfkhf]v ug]{ sfF6f ePsf] klg hf]zLn] atfP . 
Kfxf8L lhNnfx?sf nflu eGb} lbkfon / 88]nw'/fdf nfdf] ;do b]lv uf]bfddf /flvPsf a:t'g} xf]n;]n Aofkf/Ln] v'b|f Aofkf/L sxfF k'¥ofpg] ePsfn] ;a} k;ndf Dofb gf3]sf a:t' e]l6Psf] x'g ;Sg] cg'udg ;ldltsf ;b:o 6]s axfb'/ v8\sfn] atfP . v8\sfn] eg] …sltko Aofkf/Lx?nfO{ g} a:t'sf] ag]sf] ldlt / k|of]u ul/;Sg' kg]{ ldltsf] af/]sf yfxf x'Fb}g .Ú sltko Jofkf/Ln] eg] yfxf kfP/ klg laqmL  lat/0f ul//x]sf v8sfsf] egfO{ 5 .
;b/d'sfdd} k;nx?df Dofb gf3]sf a:t' e]l6g'n] ufpFdf s:tf] vfB a:t' k'Unf eGg] s'/fsf] ;xh} cg'dfg nufpg ;lsg] atfpb} v8\sfn] eg] …sltko a:t' ufpFsf pkef]Qmf sxfF k'Ubf laiffQm e} ;Sb5g\ .Ú hkmt ul/Psf a:t' cfh d+unjf/ gi6 ul/g] atfO{Psf] 5 . bz}+ ltxf/ h:tf d'Vo rfF8kj{ glhlsb} hfFbf cg'udg 6f]nLn] clxn] ahf/ cg'udgnfO{ lta|tf lbPsf] 5 .
…xfdL cg'udgnfO{ km]/L klg lg/Gt/tf lbO{/x]sf 5f}+Ú cg'udg ;ldlt ;b:o b]pjfn] eg] …clxn];Dd j/fdb ul/Psf ;fdfgx? lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Ldf /flvPsf] 5, lt ;fdfgx? s]xL lbgd} gi6 ul/g]5 .Ú cg'udgsf qmddf ufpFufpFlt/ /x]sf ;–;fgf jhf/x?df ;d]t hfg] of]hgf /x]sf] jtfpFb} b]pjfn] eg] …s'g} klg ;fdfg v/Lb ubf{ ldlt / ;fdfgsf] u'0f:t/ x]/]/ dfq vl/b ug{ d ;j} pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ cfu|x ub{5' .Ú s}nfnL / s~rgk'/df vfB tyf u'0f lgoGq0f laefusf] cg'udg ltj| ePkl5 Jofkf/Lx?n] Dofb ;lsg nfu]sf ;fdfgx? kxf8L lhNnfdf k7fPsf x'g ;Sg] b]pjfsf] a'emfO{ 5 .

åGå k|efljtnfO{ ;Lk lbg' kg]{
åGå k|eflat dlxnfx?sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;Lkd'ns tflnd lbg'k]{ Ps sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n] ;'emfa lbPsf 5g .
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbåf/f kfl/t k|:tfa gDa/ !*@) / !#@% ;DalGw sfo{qmdsf] lhNnf :t/Lo ;dGjo ;ldlt / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?larsf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n] åGå tyf lx+;f k|eflat dlxnfnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;Lkd'ns tflnd lbg / k|eflat dlxnfnfO{ g} ;dfa]z u/fpg ;'emfa lbPsf x'g\ .
;xefuLx?n] cem} klg af:tlas åGå lkl8t dlxnfx?nfO{ ;d]6\g g;s]sf] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . l;h{gl;n lasf; ;dfh 8f]6Lsf cWoIf nIfd0f v8\sfsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L nf]sgfy kf}8]n /x]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, pk/LIfs, nufot ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . 
l;h{gl;n lasf; ;dfh 8f]6L, dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsf sfof{no 8f]6L / o'Pg j'dgsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf 8f]6L lhNnfsf kfFr ufla;x?df pQm kl/of]hgf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 .
;j} ufla;df tflnd ;~rfng x'g]
:yfgLo lasf; k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg / lhcfO{h]8sf] ;xof]udf u|fld0f lasf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb| k'Ggf 8f]6Ln] 8f]6Lsf %) j6} ufla;x?df æ:yfgLo of]hgf th'{df, :yfgLo lgsfo tyf ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ ;+:yfx?sf sfdsf/jfxL, lasf; lgdf{0fsf gful/s ;+nUgtf / gful/s lgu/fgLÆ laifodf tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
:yfgLo lasf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf lgb]{zs hos[i0f >]i7n] pQm hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g . pQm tflnd ;~rfngsf nflu 8f]6L lhNnfd} hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ rf/ lbg] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f ;~rfng ul/Psf] jtfpFb} lgb]{zs >]i7n] eg] æcg's'ntf x]/]/ bz}{ / ltxf/sf] lardf jf ltxf/sf] nuQ} kl5 pQm tflnd ;~rfng x'g]5 .Æ k'if d;fGtleqdf ;DkGg x'g] ufpF kl/ifbx?df j:tL:t/jf6} k|lqmofut ?kdf of]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ / ;f]xL cg';f/ ufpF kl/ifbjf6 of]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ ;xh xf]; eGg sfnlu  pQm tflnd ;~rfng ul/g] >]i7sf] egfO{ lyof] .
sfo{qmddf lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt 8f]6Lsf :yfgLo lasf; clwsf/L lzjs'df/ sfsL{n] :yfgLo:t/d} k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f ;~rfng u/]/ lhNnfsf] hgzlQm lasf;df ;xof]u ul/lbPsf]df k|lti7fgnfO{ wGojfb lbP . tflnd lnPsf ;fyLx?n] ufpFdf tflnd ;~rfng ubf{ kl/>dL eP/ tflnd ;~rfng ul/lbg cfu|x ub}{ sfsL{n] eg] æxfdL ;j}n] O{dfgbf/ eP/ sfd u/]klg 8f]6Lsf] lasf; ;Dej x'g] s'/f xf] . lasf;sf nflu ;sf/fTds ;f]r jgfpg klg sfsL{n] ;'emfj lbP .
pleP/} eQf a'em] ;xeflun]
ldlt @)&! ;fn c;f]h % ut], ;do laxfg s/Lj * jh], :yfg :yfgLo 6'Fl8v], sfo{qmd cGt/fli6«o zflGt lbj;, pknJwL pleP/} eQf lat/0f .
:yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt 8f]6Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cf7f}+ cGt/fli6«o zflGt lbj;sf] cj;/sf] sfo{qmd /f]rs} eof] . zflGt ¥ofnLn] gu/kl/qmdf ug]{ / lhNnf lasf; ;ldltsf] xndf uP/ cGt/lqmof ug]{ k"j{ lgwf{l/t sfo{qmd 6'Fl8v]nd} ;DkGg eof] .
/fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx? / ;~rf/sdL{x? ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;f] sfo{qmddf 8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L nf]sgfy kf}8]n :jo+n] ;xeflu yf]/} ePsf sf/0f lhla;;Dd ¥ofnL gn}hfg] lg0f{o u/] . kf}8]nsf] lg0f{odf ;j}sf] ;xdlt eof] . sfo{qmd 6'l8v]nd} 6'lËof] . ;xeflux?n] pleP/} pkl:ylt p7fP / pleP/} hgxL b'O{ ;o ?k}ofFsf b/n] eQf a'em] . pQm sfo{qmd pkxf;sf] kfq jGof] lbge/L . sfo{qmdsf ;xeflux? :jo+ klg æsfo{qmd t laxfgsf] h:tf] kf] x'g' kg]{, lxF8\bf lx8\b} eQf kfO{g] eGb} xf;f]df p8fpg yfn] .
åGå cem}+ k"0f{ ?kdf Joj:yfkg x'g g;s]sf] xfd|f] b]zdf zflGtsf] ;Gb]z tNnf] tx;Dd hfj; eGgsf nflu /fHon] pQm lbj; dgfpgsf nflu jh]6 lalgof]hg u¥of] . t/, ;/sf/s} pRr kb:y sd{rf/Lx?n] eQf vfgsf nflu dfq sfo{qmd ug]{ ;f]rfO{ /fv]kl5 s:sf] s] nfUof] / Û g}ltstf eP pQm eQf ;j}n] lkmtf{ ug'{ k5{ .
uflj; ejg cem} lgdf{0f ePgg\
z;:q åGåsfndf tTsfnLg g]skf dfcf]jfbL]n] eTsfPsf uflj; ejgx? cem} k'gM lgdf{0f x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . em08} @ bh{g uflj; ejgx? k'gM lgdf{0f gx'Fbf uflj;sf sd{rf/L tyf ;]jfu|fxLx? dsf{sf k/]sf 5g .
lhNnfdf /x]sf #^ j6f uflj; ejg sf]xL åGåsfndf dfcf]jfbL eTsfPsf lyP eg] s]xL ejg hL0f{ x'Fbf cfkm} elTsPsf lyP .
b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf ePkl5 !^ j6f uflj; ejgx? zflGt tyf k'gMlgdf{0f dGqfnosf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf lyP . åGåsfndf IftL ePsf @) j6f uflj; ejgx? cem} lgdf{0f x'g afFsL /x]sf] 5 . uflj; ejg gx'bf uflj;sf] sfof{no ef8fsf] 3/df ;+~rfng ug'{ k/]sf] 5 .
bf}nLrf}/, bfFtf]nf, Jof;L, rf}wf/L, nfdftf]nf, kf6fb]jn, afFh, eft]vf]nf, ;'j]8f, b]pn]s, :of8L, bxju/, l/7fkf6f, d6]nf, kf/fsf6\g], ;'lgsf]6 uflj;sf If]tL ePsf ejgx? k'gM lgdf{0f ePsf 5g eg] cfkm\gf] sfof{no gePsf uflj;x? d]nlj;f}gf, ;}gk;]nf, efdrf}/, dflemufpF, s}nfz, sf]6b]jn, e}/jgfy, sf]6e}/j, sfF8f, bxau/, lv/ft8L, ;'gs'8f, u8/fo, ;'df{, /fon, df}nfnL, b]jnLsf]6, b+ufhL, wd]gf uflj;sf ejgx? eg] cem} lgdf{0f x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
lhNnf k'gMlgdf{0f ;ldltn] åGåsfndf elTsPsf uflj;sf] k'gM lgdf{0fsf nflu zflGt tyf k'gM lgdf{0f dGqfnodf k7fpg] u/]sf] :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L u0f]z bfxfnn] atfP . pgn] eg] xfdLn] ;a} uflj; ejgsf] k'gMlgdf{0fsf nflu dGqfnodf dfu     u/]sf lyof}+ t/ dGqfnoaf6 @ jf # sfof{nosf] nfludfq ah]6 k7fpg] x'Fbf afFsL IftL ePsf uflj; ejgx? k'gMlgdf{0f x'g l9nf ePsf] xf] . cfkm\gf] sfof{no ejg gx'Fbf Psftkm{ 3/ef8f ltbf{ /fHosf] /sd vr{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;d:of ePsf] sf]6 e}/j uflj; ;lrj v]d/fh hf]zLn] atfP .
z;:q åGådf eTsfOPsf uflj; ejg tyf k|x/L rf}sL Pj+ s[lif tyf kz';]jf s]Gb|x? klg cem} k'gM lgdf{0f ePsf 5}gg\ . lhNnfsf $& uflj;dWo] afFsL uflj;x?sf] eg] cfkm\g} ejg /x]sf] 5 .

& k|lt;t jfnjflnsf jflx/}
cfwf/e't lzIff lgz'Ns Pj+ clgjfo{ eGg] ul/Psf] ePklg 8f]6L lhNnfdf cem} &=# k|lt;t jfnjflnsf laBfno eGbf jflx/ /x]sf 5g .
lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L a;Gt vqLn] cfO{tjf/ Ps sfo{qmdsfaLr k|fylds pd]/sf Ps xhf/ $^ jfnjflnsfx? cem} laBfno jflx/ /x]sf hfgsf/L lbP . lhlzc vqLn] jfnjflnsfnfO{ lgz'Ns Pj+ clgjfo{ k|fylds lhNnfsf] kx'Frdf k'¥ofpg ;j}n] ;xof]u ug{ ;d]t cfu|x u/] .
lgz'Ns tyf clgjfo{ cfwf/e't lzIff sfof{Gjogsf nflu /0fgLlts of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;/f]sf/jfnfaLrsf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf cem} jfnjflnsfx? laBfno ghfg' r'gf}tLsf] laifo /x]sf] ;xeflux?sf] egfO{ lyof] . sfo{qmddf jfnjflnsfx?nfO{ laBfnodf egf{ u/fpg / l6sfO{ /fVgsf nflu cleefjsx?nfO{ ;r]tLs/0f ug'{ kg]{ ;'emfj ;xeflux?jf6 cfPsf] lyof] . ;xeflux?n] lhNnfsf] k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] glthf v:sb} uPsf] k|lt ;d]t lrGtf JoQm u/]sf lyP . 
8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L nf]sgfy kf}8]nn] gLlh laBfnosf] glhtf /fd|f] cfpg] t/ ;/sf/L laBfnosf] glthf v:sb} hfg'n] lzIfsx?sf] bf]if b]lvg] u/]sf] jtfP . k|lhc kf}8]nn] eg] æ;/sf/L laBfnox? gLlh laBfnosf] t'ngfdf ;'lawf ;DkGg klg 5g, lzIfsx? klg of]Uo 5g t/ lzIfsx?n] cfkm\g} 5f]/f5f]/Lx?nfO{ gLlh laBfnodf k9fP/ cfkm' ;/sf/L laBfnodf     k9fO{/x]sf 5g .Æ
:yfgLo lasf clwsf/L lzjs'df/ sfsL{sf] ;efWoIftfdf ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgfsf] vfsfdfyL ;d"xut ?kdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .
lhNnf lzIff sfof{no 8f]6Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf] pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf nflu ;]e lrN8«]g / ;fd'bflos lasf; s]Gb| 8f]6Ln] ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .

s[lif ;DjlGw sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg
lbuf] s[lif lasf;df jhf/ la:tf/ ;DjlGw 5nkmn ug{ Ps lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf lhNnf s[lif lasf; sfof{no 8f]6Lsf al/i7 s[lif lasf; clws[t  o1/fh hf]zLn] lhNnfdf s[lifsf] If]qdf nufgL j9]sf] / s[lif pTkfbgdf klg a[l4 ePsf] jtfpFb} ufpFlt/ oftfotsf] cefjsf sf/0f ;dod} jhf/df cfO{gk'Ubf kmnkm'n / t/sf/L v]/ hfg] u/]sf] jtfP .
;d lasf; s]Gb| -O{l8;L_ 8f]6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf s[lif lasf; k|j4{g ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . al/i7 s[lif lasf; clws[t hf]zLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g ePsf] ;ldltdf s[lif ;DjlGw sfd ug]{ ;+3;+:yfx?, ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+:yfx?, ;~rf/sdL{x? ;b:o /x]sf 5g . ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrjdf O{l8;Lsf clw/fh la;L /x]sf 5g .
sfo{qmddf O{l8;Ln] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] lbuf] s[lif lasf; kl/of]hgfsf jf/]df ;xeflux?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] lyof] . O{l8;Ln] lwsf{df08f}+, uu'8f / ;ftkm/L ufla;df pQm kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .

c:ktfnjf6} Dofb ;lsPsf] cf}ifwL
pkrf/sf nflu :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf hfFb} x'g'x'G5 Û Wofg lbg'xf]nf cr]n :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] pkef]Uo ldlt ;dfKt ePsf] cf}ifwL lbG5 la/fdLnfO{ . 8f]6L lhNnf c:ktfnn] o:t} u/]sf] e]l6Psf] 5 . z'qmaf/ kqsf/nfO{ ;d]t Dofb gf3]sf] cf}if3L lbPsf] k|df0f km]nf k/]sf] 5 .
5f]/Lsf] k]6df ;d:of b]lvPkl5 pkrf/sf nflu 8f]6L lhNnf c:ktfn k'u]sf kqsf/ u0f]z df}gL eG5g æ8f= ;{hgf uf}rgn] /fd|f];+u r]shfF5 ug'{ eof], /fd|f] ;Nnfx klg lbg' eof] t/ cf}ifwL lat/0f sIfjf6 Dofb ;lsPsf] cf}ifwL ydfO{of] .Æ 8f= uf}rgn] pkrf/ u/L h]8 Pg l86L (ZN-DT) gfds cf}ifwL k|of]u ug]{ elg lnlvt l/kf]6 cg';f/ cf}ifwL ljt/0f sIfdf /xsL :jf:YosdL{ dLgf kf08]n] @)&! ;fpgdf Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] cf}ifwL lbP/ k7fPsf]  kqsf/ df}gLn] atfPsf 5g\ .
kqsf/ df}gLnfO{ dfq xf]O{g, c:ktfnn] pQm cf}ifwL  cGo la/fdLx?nfO{ klg Dofb ;lsPs} lat/0f u/]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . ut a'waf/ 88]nw'/f 3/ eO{ xfn 8f]6L ax'd'vL SofDk;df sfo{/t a;Gt hf]zLnfO{ ;d]t ;f] cf}ifwL lbO{Psf] 5 . æcf}ifwL]sf] Dofb gx]/Lsg} NofOof], rf/j6f 6\ofJn]6 t k|of]u ;d]t ul/;s]F, hf]zL eG5g …aNn cfh Pkm\Pddf ;'Gbf yfxf eof] c:ktfnn] Dofb ;lsPsf] cf}ifwL jfF8\b}5 eGg] s'/f .Ú
lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no 8f]6Lsf k|d'v dx]Gb|Wjh clwsf/Ln] cf}ifwLsf] gofF kfs]6df Ps÷b'O{ kL; To:tf] lg:s]sf] lhsL/ u5{g . pgn] Dofb gf3]sf] cf}ifwL lat/0f gul/Psf] bfjL u/] .
kqsf/ df}gLn] klxn] :jf:YosdL{ kf08]n] lbPsf] ;f]xL kfs]6af6 csf]{ :jf:YosdL{ dfkm{t yk tLg lk; Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] cf}ifwL lnPsf] ;f] cf}ifwL k|df0fsf] nfuL PkmPd / k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ ;d]t lbPsf] atfP .
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L nf]sgfy kf}8]nn] lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx? Hfgd'dL, ;j{;'ne / u'0f:t/L x'g'kg]{ ePsfn] ;f] Dofb gf3]sf] cf}if3L ljt/0fsf] ljifodf Dofb ;DawLt lgsfo jf JolQmnfO{ P]gdf Joj:yf eP cg';f/sf] sf/jfxL ug]{ atfPsf 5g\ .

5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
pk;]jf s]Gb| u7g
;fd'bflos k|x/L pk;]jf s]Gb| lbkfon u7g ePsf] 5 .
zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{df k|x/LnfO{ d3t ug]{, ufpF, 6f]n / j8f:t/df a:tL k|x/L e]63f6 sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg], hgtf / k|x/LaLrsf] ;DjGw ;'b[9 ug]{ p2]Zo;fy u7g ul/Psf] pQm ;ldlt gf} ;b:oLo /x]sf] 5 .
;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?df cWoIf t]hjxfb'/ 8'd|]n, pkfWoIf t'nIfL zfxL, ;lrj, 8Dd/ jd / sf]iffWoIf bdoGtL zfx /x]sf 5g . o:t} ;b:ox?df df]xg kftnL, v]d/fh e08f/L, v]djxfb'/ lb7f8L, s]=kL dfemL / nfnjxfb'/ dGgL /x]sf] cWoIf 8'd|]nn] hfgsf/L lbP .
lhNnf txdf ;fd'bflos k|x/L ;]jf s]Gb| o; cl3g} :yfkgf eO{;s]sf] lyof] .

tflnd ;DkGg
blnt dlxnf ;+3 -km]8f_ 8f]6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf vfB clwsf/, ;]jf ;'lawf / jsfnt ;DjlGw kfFr lbg] lhNnf:t/Lo k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f cfO{tjf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
km]8f]n] o'/f]k]nL ;+3 / 8\ofg rr{ P8sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;~rfng ul//x]sf] vfB ;'/Iff kl/of]hgf cGt/ut ;f] tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs lalkg bf;n] hfgsf/L lbP .
tflndjf6 lhNnftxdf ;DjlGwt laifosf k|lzIfsx? pTkfbg ePsf cfof]hs ;+:yfn] laZjf; u/]sf] 5 . tflnddf laleGg If]qsf JolQmx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
v]n ;dfrf/
g]kfn Sjf6{/ kmfO{gndf k|j]z 
blIf0f sf]l/ofdf hf/L !& Pl;og u]d cGtu{t dlxnf lqms]6df g]kfn Sjf6{/ kmfOgndf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 .
;f]daf/ ePsf] cfkm\gf] bf]>f] v]ndf dn]l;ofnfO{ x/fpFb} g]kfnn] Sjf6{/kmfOgnsf] ofqf to u/]sf] xf] . klxn] Aofl6ª ub}{ g]kfnn] lgwf{l/t @) cf]e/df # ljs]6 u'dfpFb} ** /g agfPsf] lyof] .
k|ltpQ/df *( /gsf] ljhoL nIo lnP/ d}bfgdf cfPsf] dn]l;of !$=% cf]e/df cn cfp6 x'Fb} $@ /gdf ;d]l6Pkl5 g]kfn $^ /gn] ljhoL ePsf] xf] . g]kfnsf] nflu ddtf rf}w/Ln] @@ / ;l/tf du/n] !@ /g agfP . o:t} ;Ltf /fgfn] !* /g agfOg\ . g]/L yfkfn] $ tyf zf]ef cfn]n] ^ /g agfPsL lyOg\ . o:t} dn]l;ofnfO{ ;:t}df ;d]6\g] qmddf s?0ff e08f/Ln] $ tyf ;f]g' v8\sf, ?ljgf If]qL / ;/Ltf du/n] !–! ljs]6 lnP .
g]kfnn] clGtd !) cf]e/df dfq} ^$ /g hf]8]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL 6f]nL cfO{tjf/ yfONof08;+u k/flht ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfnn] ca a'waf/ a+ufnb]zsf] ;fdgf ug]{5 .

rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg
?krGb|sf] 8s'd]06«L jGg]
ljb|f]xL /fhgLlt1 tyf bfz{lgssf ?kdf rrf{ sdfPsf ?krGb| lji6sf] hLjgL / bz{gaf/] a[Qlrq -8s'd]G6«L_ aGg] ePsf] 5 . hgtfn] x/]s s'/fsf] yfx kfpg' k5{ eGb} …yfxfÚ bz{gsf k|0f]tfsf ?kdf kl/lrt lji6af/] …?bfg] lb ldli6l/o; l/j]nÚ gfds 8s'd]G6«L aGg] ePsf] xf] .
cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg hgtf hufpg] sfddf vr{ u/]sf u/]sf lai6sf] x/fPsf] kl/ro / yfxf bz{gnfO{ k'gM :yflkt ug{ of] 8s'd]G6«L lgdf{0f ug{ nfluPsf] lgdf{tfn] atfPsf 5g\ .
Odfgbf/L / g}ltstfsf] /fhgLltdf v8]/L nfu]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]tf ?krGb|sf] /fhgLlts ;+:sf/sf] ljsf;sf nfuL ;a}nfO{ ´S´Sofpg' / yfxf bz{gnfO{ yk hLjGt t'Nofpg' g} o; 8s'd]G6«L lgdf{0fsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] 8s'd]06«Lsf lgb]{zs ljsf; 9sfnn] hfgsf/L lbP .
laqmd\ ;Djt\ !(() ;fndf dsjfk'/sf] pQ/L ufpF kfn'ªdf hlGdP/ !! jif{sf] pd]/d} cfkm\g} 3/af6 ljb|f]xsf] ;'?jft u/]/ lx8]Fsf ?krGb|n] hLjge/ g]kfnL >lds / lk5l8Psf ju{sf] hfu/0fsf] nfuL cfkm"nfO{ ;dlk{t u/]sf lyP . ?krGb|n] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] æyfxf bz{gÆ cfh klg plQs} ;fGble{s /x]sf] lgb]{zs 9sfnsf] bfaL 5 . …$) sf] bzssf] z'?df nf]slk|otf sdfPsf] yfxf cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo s'/f eg]s} lgZkIf ;lqmotfsf] cEof; xf],Ú pgn] eg], …?krGb| ;w}+ eGg] uy]{ …xfdL s;}sf xf]Ogf}, sf]xL xfd|f xf]Ogg\, xfdL ;To / Gofosf, ;To / Gofo xfd|f] .Ú
casf] s]xL dlxgfleq 8s'd]G6«L bz{s;fd' Nofpg] atfpFb} 9sfnn] cfOtaf/ 8s'd]G6«Lsf] kf]:6/ klg ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbP .

/0faL/ s]l6«gfsf] cleGg cË
lxGbL rnlrqsL rlr{t gflosf s]l6«gf s}kmn] lxGbL rnlrqsf gfos /0fjL/ sk'/ cfkm\gf] cleGg cË ePsf]  atfPsL 5g\ .
s]xL jif{otf /0fjL/ sk'/;+usf] ;DjGwnfO{ lnP/ s]l6«gfsf] lgs} rrf{ kl/rrf{df /x]sL gflosfn] ef/tsf] Pp6f klqsf;+usf] cGtjf{tfsf] qmddf /0fjL/ cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] cleGg cË ePsf] jtfO{g . pQm cGt/jftf{sf] qmddf s]l6«gfn] elgg\ …t/ d]/f] cleGg cË x'g'sf] cy{ d pgL;+u lgs6 eljiod} lax] ub}{ 5' eGg] xf]Og, d}n] o;af/] ;f]r]sL klg 5}g .Ú
pgLx? lgs} lgs6 /x]sf] rrf{ rln/x]sf] ePklg cfkm'x?aLrsf] ;DaGwaf/] b'j}n] d'v vf]Ng eg] ;s]sf lyPgg\ . /0fjL/;+usf] cfkm\gf] ;dLs/0f phfu/ ub}{ pgn] elgg\ …/0fjL/ d]/f] hLgsf nflu nflu lgs} dxTjk"0f{ JolQm x'g\ .
/0fjL/ / s]l6«gfsf] ;DaGw rf/ dlxgf cl3;Dd cg'dfgd} l;ldt /x]sf] lyof] . t/, :k]gsf] ;d'b|L lsgf/df latfPsf cGt/+u If0fsf tl:a/x? ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 pgLx? ef/t kms]{/ lnleª 6'u]b/sf] l/n]l;gl;kdf /xFb} cfPsf lyP .

n]v
g]kfndf pRr lzIffsf] cj:yf
8f= uf]kfns[i0f zdf{
g]kfndf cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] yfngL lj;+ !(!) df b/af/ xfO:s'nsf] :yfkgfkl5 ePsf] xf] . cfw'lgs lzIffsf] csf]{ sf];] 9'+uf lj;+ !(&% df lqrGb| sn]h v'Ng'nfO{ dflgG5 . lj;+ @))& ;fndf /f0ff zf;gsf] cGTokl5 pRr lzIffsf] lj:tf/ x'g yfNof] . lj;+ @)!^ ;fndf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgf eof] .
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno w]/} ;do;Dd g]kfnL pRr lzIffsf] kof{o aGof] . clxn] g]kfnn] ax'ljZjljBfnosf] cjwf/0ff ckgfPsf] 5 . b]zdf gf}j6f ljZjljBfno / ljZjljBfno ;/xsf] dfGotf kfPsf tLgj6f :jfoTt ;+:yfg ;+rflnt 5g\ . ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ oLdWo] lqljn] pRr lzIffsf] **=% k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6]sf] 5 eg] cGo !! j6fn] !!=% k|ltzt . lqljsf] :yfkgfnfO{ k|:yfg ljGb' dfGbf g]kfndf pRr lzIffsf] Oltxf; Tolt nfdf] b]lvFb}g. t/ %)÷%@ jif{sf] ;do klg ljsf; ug{ hfFu/ x'g]sf nflu yf]/} rflxF xf]Og . blIf0f sf]l/of, a|flhn, l;ª\ufk'/, blIf0f clk|msf, hfkfg cflb b]zn] u/]sf] ljsf; o;sf] pbfx/0f xf] .
So'P; jN8 o'lgel;l6h{n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;g\ @)!#÷!$ sf] ljZjljBfnox?sf] :t/cg';f/ ljZjsf lzif{ ()) cf}+ :yfg;Dddf klg g]kfnsf s'g} ljZjljBfnosf] gfd e]l6Fb}g. ljZjsf lzif{ ljZjljBfnosf] ;"rLdf t k/]g g} Pl;ofsf lzif{ #)) ljZjljBfnodf klg g]kfnsf s'g} klg ljZjljBfno gkg'{ g]kfnL z}lIfs hutsf nfhdbf]{ ljifo xf] . o;cl3 ljZjsf lzif{ @)) ljZjljBfnoleq k/]sf sltko ef/tLo ljZjljBfno klg tn wslnPsf 5g\ . lubf{] u'0f:t/k|lt ef/t ;/sf/n] ulx/f] rf;f] JoQm u/]sf] 5 . t/, g]kfndf eg] ;DalGwt s;}n] rfF;f] lnPsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .
ljZjsf lzif{ #)) ljZjljBfnodf ef/t / rLgsf s]xL ljZjljBfno klg e]l6G5g\ eg] Pl;ofsf lzif{ @)) ljZjljBfnodf hfkfg, rLg, ef/t, l;ªufk'/, sf]l/ofsf ljZjljBfnosf] jr{:j 5 . ;+;f/sf ljZjljBfnosf] :t/ ;"rLdf @@ cf}+ qmddf l;ª\ufk'/sf] g];gn o'lgel;6L{ 5 eg] xªsª o'lgel;6L{ @*cf}+ :yfgdf . hfkfgsf] 6f]lsof] ljZjljBfno / blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] ;f]n /fli6«o ljZjljBfno b'j} #! cf}+ :yfgdf 5g\ . o;afx]s ljZjsf lzif{ @)) :yfgdf rLg / hfkfgsf ;ft ;ft ljZjljBfno 5g\ . lzif{ ljZjljBfnosf] ;"rLsf] klxnf] :yfgdf cd]l/sfsf] Dof;fr';]6\; OG6LRo'6 ckm 6]Sgnf]hL -PdcfO{6L_ 5 eg] bf]>f], t]>f] / rf}yf]df qmdzM SoflDa|h ljZjljBfno -;+o'St clw/fHo_, ODk]l/on sn]h n08g -;+o'St clw/fHo_ / xfe8{ ljZjljBfno -cd]l/sf_ 5g\ . lzif{ bz :yfgdf cd]l/sL ^ / ;+o'St clw/fHosf $ ljZjljBfno 5g\ . ljZjsf lzif{ %) sf] ;"rLdf cd]l/sfsf !* ljZjljBfno 5g\ eg] a]nfotsf * ljZjljBfno 5g\ . pQm lzif{ %) ;"rLdf Pl;ofnL b]zdf hfkfgsf b'O{, l;ª\ufk'/sf b'O{, xªsªsf tLg ljZjljBfno k/]sf 5g\ eg] cGo o'/f]k]nL b]zsf 5g\ .
ef/tLo ljZjljBfno ljZjsf lzif{ %) df gk/]klg ljifosf cfwf/df cfO{cfO{6L d'DaO{sf] OlGhlgol/ª / hjfx/nfn g]x? ljZjljBfnosf] efiff lj1fg s]Gb|, c+u|]hL cWoog s]Gb|, Oltxf; s]Gb| b'lgofFsf %) /fd|f cWoog s]Gb|df k/]sf 5g\ . To:t} lbNnL ljZjljBfnosf s]xL s]Gb| klg 5g\ . hjfx/nfn g]x? ljZjljBfnosf clwsf+z s]Gb| ljZjsf /fd|f !)) ;+:yfgdf k5{g\ . Pl;ofsf lzif{ @)) :yfgdf ef/t, rLg, hfkfg, l;ª\ufk'/ / sf]l/ofafx]s dn]l;of, lkmlnlkG;, yfONof08, tfOjfg, kfls:tfg, OG8f]g]l;ofsf klg y'k|} ljZjljBfno 5g\ .
cg';Gwfg, k|fl1s Voflt, :gftskl5 /f]huf/Lsf] pknAwtf, cGt/fli6«o k|fWofks tyf ljBfyL{sf] pknAwtf, kf7\oqmd / lzIf0f k4lt h:tf ljleGg cfwf/df ljZjljBfnox?sf] :t/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . oL ;"rsnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ x]of}{+ eg] xfdL ;xh} xfd|f] sdhf]/L yfxf kfpg ;S5f}+ . s]xL sIff lzIf0fafx]s xfd|f ljZjljBfnodf cg';Gwfg} xF'b}gg\ . To;}n] cg';Gwfgd"ns klg k|sfzg 5}gg\ . To;f] t cg';Gwfgdf nufgL g} 5}g . ef/tdf %)) s/f]8 ef/tLo ?k}ofF cg';Gwfgdf vr{ ubf{ Tof] cd]l/sfsf] eGbf %) u'gf sd x'g] /x]5 . t}klg l5d]sL d'n's  ef/tsf !) hgfn] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ kfO;s]sf 5g\ . oL bzdWo] tLg /jLGb|gfy 7fs'/ -;flxTotkm{_, ;LeL /d0f -ef}ltszf:q tkm{_ / cd{To ;]g -cfly{s lj1fg tkm{_ k"0f{?kn] ljleGg txdf ef/td} lzIff k|fKt u/]sf ef/tLo gful/s x'g\ eg] cGo s]xL ef/tdf hGd]sf ljb]zL gful/s x'g\ eg] s]xL ljb]zdf hGd]sf ef/tLo gful/s 5g\ . oL cg';Gwfgstf{n] g} ef/tnfO{ ljZjdf lrgfO/x]sf 5g\ / ef/tnfO{ dxfzlQm /fi6«sf] /fhdfu{tkm{ lxF8fO/x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] dxTj a'´]/ ljsl;t o'/f]k]nL / cd]l/sL d'n'sn] cfkm\gf d'n'sdf k9\g cfPsf /fd|f hgzlQmnfO{ ;'ljwf lbP/ cfslif{t u5{g\ . o'/f]k / cd]l/sfsf ljsl;t d'n's;+u ;+;f/sf pQd dl:tis 5g\ . To;}n] oL d'n's;+u ;+;f/s} /fd|f] k|ljlw 5, lzIff 5, clg k4lt 5 . ljsf;zLn elgPsf pbfpFbf b]zx? ef/t, a|flhn, blIf0f clk|msf, rLg cflbn] lzIffsf] dxTj a'´]/ cg';Gwfgdf nufgL a9fPsf 5g\ . t/ xfd|f] b]zdf s]xL cg';Gwfgstf{ ePklg /fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf sf/0f ;+:yfx?df cg';Gwfgsf] jftfj/0f layf]lng yfn]kl5 ljb]z knfog x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . :yflkt x'g kf6L{sf] wfk rflxG5 gq sfd} ug{ g;lsg] cj:yf 5 . clxn] t c´ laZjljBfnonfO{ e|i6frf/sf] æefO/;Æn] ufFh]sf] ;dfrf/ lbglbg} cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . sIffsf]7fdf hfg], k':tfsfno wfpg], cg';Gwfg ug]{ eGbf g]tfsf] 3/df hfg], ´G8f af]s]/ hohosf/ ub}{ lxF8\g] JolQm k|fWofks lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo 7xl/g] b]zdf ;+;f/sf /fd|f ljZjljBfnodf xfd|f] b]zsf klg 5g\ ls eg]/ vf]hL ug'{ g} ;do v]/ kmfNg' xf] . t/ klg of] ;To hgtf / ;'Gb/ eljiosf] vf]hLdf pRr lzIffsf nflu SofDk;x?df ;do latfO/x]sf nfvf}+ o'jfn] yfxf kfpg h?/L 5 . ltgsf cleefjs, lzIffljb\, ljBfyL{ ;+u7g / tLgsf dfp kf6L{sf g]tfn] klg ljZjljBfnox?sf] bogLo b'/fj:yfsf af/]df        /fd|/L a'em\g' h?/L 5 .
ljBdfg z}lIfs b'/fj:yf ;'wf/]/ g]kfnL pRr lzIffnfO{ ljZj:t/df k'¥ofpg ;j{k|yd /fHo cg';Gwfgdf cfjZos nufgL ug{ tD;g'k5{ . elgG5, z}lIfs cg';Gwfgdf nufgL gug]{ b]zsf] slxNo} ljsf; x'Fb}g. clxn] ;/sf/n] ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u dfkm{t ljleGg lzif{sdf b]zsf ;a} k|fWofkssf nflu n3' cg';Gwfg, ljz]if cg';Gwfg / cGo ;xof]u u/L hDdf tL; nfv hltdfq cg';Gwfgdf nufgL u5{ . of] /sd ef/tsf s]Gb|Lo ljZjljBfnodf k|fWofkg ug]{ jl/i7 Ps hgf k|fWofksn] Ps jif{df kfpg] /sd hltdfq xf] . k|fWofksnfO{ ljb]z e|d0fsf] s'g} ;'ljwf 5}g . l5d]sL d'n's ef/t / rLgsf s]Gb|Lo ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofksn] o'/f]k, cd]l/sf nufot ljZjsf s'g} klg d'n's e|d0f ubf{ ;/sf/L tj/af6} ;Dk"0f{ vr{ a]xf]g]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] x'G5 .
o;}u/L g]kfnL ljZjljBfnox?sf] :t/ lug]{ Pp6f sf/0fdf k|fWofks lgo'lQm k|lqmofdf ckgfOg] ckf/bzL{ ljlw klg plQs} lhDd]jf/ b]lvG5 . s'g} ;+:yf jf ljZjljBfnosf]:t/ psf:g p;sf k|fWofksx?n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf x'G5g\ . xfd|f] b]zdf eg] ljZjljBfnosf cfwf hlt ;d:of k|fWofksn] g} pTkGg u/]sf x'G5g\ . kf6L{lkR5] k|fWofks ;+u7g / ltgn] ljZjljBfno sAhf ug{ vf]Hg] k|j[lQ ;DejtM z}lIfs ;+;f/df ljZjs} gofF cfZro{ dflgg]5 . To:t} /fhgLlts cl:y/tf, g]t[Tjdf b"/ufdL b[il6sf]0fsf] cefj, a9L /fhgLlts/0f cflbsf sf/0faf6 ;a} ljZjljBfno p7\g} g;Sg] u/L ynf  kl/;s]sf 5g\ . ;fy} k|ltefzfnL o'jfnfO{ aGb]h u/]/ ljZjljBfno ;'wfg]{ ehg ufpg' klg dfgl;s sdhf]/Lsf] nIf0f xf] . oxL ehg ;'lg/xg' k/]sf] 5 . clg s;/L ;'lw|G5 lzIffsf] :t/ < slxn] e]l6g] g]kfnL ljZjljBfno:t/Lotfsf] ;"rLdf <
— gful/s b}lgsjf6

df]km;n kqsfl/tf
d}n] klxn]sf] kfl/>lds kfPsL 5}g
/fvL s'Fj/
/]l8of] ;'b"/cfjfh, 88]Nw'/f
tkfO+{sf] 5f]6f] kl/ro kfpF g
— d]/f] gfd /fvL s'Fj/, xfn d 88]Nw'/fsf] /]l8of] ;'b"/ cfjfh PkmPddf sfo{/t 5' . :yfoL 7]ufgf ledbQ gu/kflnsf–* ltnfrf}/ s~rgk'/ .
tkfO{n] lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf /f]Hg' eof] <
— kqsfl/tf eg]sf] s] xf] eGg] s'/f a'em]/ t d}n] kqsfl/tf k]zf cKfgfPsf] xf]O{g t/ d ;fg} b]lv /]l8of] ;'Gg] ub{y], Tolta]nf PkmPd /]l8of]x? t lyPgg\ t/ d /]l8of] g]kfn lgoldt ;'Gg] uy]{ afnsfo{qmd, l56f]l56f] ld7f]ld7f], ;+lut ;/f]a/, d'Qmsdfnf, ljif]z u/]/ rf}tf/L h:tf sfo{qmdx? ;'Gbf dnfO{ nfUYof] logLx? s;/L /]l8of]df af]N5g xf]nf, s;/L  lut ufp5g xf]nf d}n] klg o;/L g} /]l8of];Dd k'Ug kfP x'GYof] O{Toflb . To;kl5 d}n] P;Pn;L lbg gkfpb} @)^# ;fndf s~rgk'/df /]l8of] dxfsfnL v'Nof], clg klqsfdf lj1fkg vf]n]sf] lyof] . d}n] klg kmf/d e/] lj1fkgdf P;Pn;L kf; dfu]sf] ePklg dnfO{ /]l8of]df sfd ug]{ ;f/} /x/ ePsfn] xf]nf d}n] /]l8of]sf cWoIf v]d e08f/LnfO{ g} e]6]  / cfkm\gf] /]l8of]k|ltsf] cfsif{0f ;a} s'/f /fv] . d]/f] s'/f ;'gL ;s]kl5 v]d ;/n] dnfO{ eGg' eof] c?nfO{  d P;Pn;L kf; x}g eg]/ geGg', ltd|f] rfxgf g} xf] eg] kmf/d e/ kf; x'g gx'g] s'/fkl5 5b} 5 eGg' eof] . clg d}n] kmf/d klg     e/],  Tolta]nf lhNnfdf ;'SnfkmfF6f PkmPd / dxfsfnL ;+u;+u} v'n]sf lyP . z'SnfkmfF6fn] lglZrt k};f nufgL nufP/ z]o/ ;b:o aGg]nfO{ dfq} sfd ug]{ cj;/ lbPsf] lyof] eg] dxfsfnLn] v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{ u/fPsf sf/0f sl/a ;fF8] # ;o hgfn] kmf/d e/]sf lyP . t/ Tolt w]/} dflg;x?sf] ljraf6 d}n] kf; eP/    /]l8of]df sfd ug{] cj;/ kfP o;/L d]/f] kqsfl/tf hLjg ;'? eof] egf}F .
slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] <
— ca t sl/a * aif}{ x'g cf6\of] egf}+ dxfsfnL PdPddf sf ubf{ sl/a t /]l8of] ;~rf/ clg kqsfl/tf s] xf] eGg] ;Dd klg l;Sg] cj;/ t kfPg t/ dnfO{ cfh of] :yfg;Dd k'Ug] dfu{ t Tolx /]l8of] g} xf] p:fn] dnfO{ w]/} l;sfof] .
s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5 <
— d}n] 7\ofSs} o:tf] vfn] eg]/ rfFlx eGg ;lSbFg . s'g} Pp6f lj6 ;dft]/       ;'b"/klZrddf ;Dej klg 5}g . cfly{s ?kn] oxfF s'g} Pp6f lj6 ;dft]/ sfd ug{ uf¥xf] 5 . To;}n] klg d ;d;fdlos ;a} ljifodf hfGg] ?lr /fV5' . h:n] ubf{ d x/]s ljifodf snd rnfpg ;s' . t/ d}n] s'g} Ps lj6 ;dft]/ sfd ug{' k¥of] eg] d}n] dfgjclwsf/sf] s'/f To;}df klg dlxnfsf] ljifodf n]Vy] xf]nf t/ clxn] klg gn]Vg] u/]sf] t w]/} ljifodf;+u} sfd ubf{ / Ps ljifodf ulx/f] cWoog u/]/ n]Vbfdf w]/} km/s x'g] s'/f d cfkm}n] dxz'; u/]sf] s'/f xf] .
Ps kqsf/ eP/ cfO{kg]{ ;d:ofx? s] s] b]Vg' ePsf] 5 <
— kqsf/x?dfyL cfO{ kg]{ ;d:ofx? t w]/} 5g t/ oxfF dlxnf kqsf/x?n] Aoj;flos lx;afn] g} kqsfl/tf cFufNg] xf] eg] uf¥xf] g} 5 . Ps t ;~rf/dfWox?n] sfd u/]sf] kfl/>lds ;dod} glbg' clg 3/aflx/ a;]/ sfd ug'{ clg ;dfhn] dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g gcfpg' nufotsf y'k|} ljifo 5g . t/ d}n] kqsfl/tf k]zfdf cfa4 x'Fbf / clxn]sf] cj:yfdf t w]/} km/s e} ;s]sf] 5 . xfdLn] t w]/} ;d:of em]Nof}+ of] kqsfl/tf k]zfdf nfu]/ cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lt ;a} vfn] ;d:of ;xg' k¥of] . t/ d}n} eGg}k5{, d}n] sfd ug]{ l;nl;nfdf rf/      /]l8of]x? k'uF] . d}n] sfd ug]{ l;nl;nfdf xfn sfo{/t /]l8of] ;'b"/cfjfh afx]sfsf ;a} /]l8of]af6 d}n] cfkm'n] sfd u/]sf] kfl/>lds cem} kfPsf] 5}g . ca t kfpg] cfz klg 5}g . d}n] s/La @ aif{ klxnf 5f]8]sf] 8f]6Lsf] /]l8of] z}n]Zj/Ln] ;d]t d]/f] kfl/>lds lbPsf] 5}g eg] $ aif{, ^ aif{ klxnf 5f]8]sf] /]l8of]n] b]nfg eGg] t cfzf g} 5}g . To;}n] dlxnfx?sf nflu sfd ubf{sf] k|d'v ;d:of cfly{s g} xf] .
tkfO{ ;'b"/cfjfh PkmPddf sfd ub}{ x'g'x'G5, /fd|} xf]nf lg Û
— otf t /fd|} 5 sfd ubf{ ;xsdL{sf s'/f b]lv lnP/ cfly{s;Ddsf] s'/fdf clxn] ;Dd /fd|} 5 . d}n] sfd ub}{ hfbfsf] qmddf d}n] kfpg] kfl/>ldss} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg d}n] clxn] /]l8of]af6 dfq} Gogtd !% xhf/ tna kfpg] ub{5' . lxhf]sf] lbgdf Ps ?kof gkfP/ sfd u/]sf kn klg w]/} 6f9f 5}g t/ cfh d cfkm\gf] k]zf b]v]/ v'zL klg 5' .          
88]Nw'/fsf] kqsfl/tfnfO{ s;/L d'NofFsg ug'{ ePsf] 5 <
— d}n] oxfFsf] kqsfl/tfnfO{ o;/L d'Nofªsg u5'{ . k};fsf] rnv]n cfly{s aflu{lgª oxfF klg e}Ps} dx;'; u/], 7\ofSs} æof] kqsf/n] olt /sd lnof]Æ eg]/ eGg g;s'Fnf t/ aflx/L ?kdf eg] s'/f ;'Gbf xf] sL eGg] nfUof], /fhgLlts kf6L{;+u cf:yfjfg kqsf/x?n] kf6L{k|ltsf] em'sfj klg cfkm\gf] snd klg em'sfPs} b]lvof], kqsfl/tf lgZkIf x'g'kg]{ eg] tf klg kqsfl/tfsf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf    s'/fx? ;a} oxfFsf kqsf/x?n] klg kfngf u/]sf] d}n] kfO{g .
df]km;n kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;/sf/n] s:tf sfo{qmd Nofpg' knf{ <
— cfly{s lx;fjn] df]km;nsf kqsf/x? w]/} df/df k/]sf] d}n] dx;'; u/]sL 5' cfo>f]t Go'g ePsf sf/0f /]l8of]df xf];\ of klqsfdf w]/} ;do dflg;x? l6Sb}gg\ . To;}n] ;/sf/n] :yfgLo lgsfojf6 ;a} ju{sf nflu h:t} u/L kqsf/x?sf nflu klg 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ lyof] t/ To;f] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .     /fHosf] rf}yf] c+u eg]/ lrg] klg cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f k]zf g} hf]ufpg' uf¥xf] ePsf] 5 .
kqsf/x?sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg' eof] <
— clxn] aGg nfu]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ca kqsf/x?sf nflu klg cfly{s ?kn] ;antfsf] s'/f ;dfa]z ug{ ;+;bnfO{ bjfj lbg'kg]{ d'Vo sfo{ xf] . / df]km;nsf kqsf/sf] nflu dfq} x}g kqsf/x?nfO{ sfd ug]{ tyf k]zfdf l6sfO{ /fVg pgLx?sf] cfly{s ;aNftfsf] s'/f dxf;+3n] hf]/bf/sf ;fy p7fpg' k5{
df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWod / ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] xs lxtsf nflu kqsf/x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <
— dxf;+3sf] r'gfj x'Fbf cfkm\gf] ;+u7gdf tfGg] kqsf/ ;+u7gx?n] klg lgjf{rgsf a]nf ufp ufp k'u]/ ;a}sf] v'§f 9f]Ug] g]tfx? h:t} ug]{ u/]sf 5g . pgLx?nfO{ cfkm' cfa4 /fhgLlts bnx?;+u df]km;nsf kqsf/x?sf nflu s]lx ug]{ kxn t ug'{ kg]{ xf] . pgLx? klg cfkm'n] ug]{ stAoaf6 r's]sf] d}n] dx;'; u/]sL 5' .
tkfOsf] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <
— kqsfl/tf k]zf t ;f¥x} /fd|f] cfkm' ;lx ;Ifd / ;r]t x'g] d?b08 sf] ?kdf d kqsfl/tfnfO{ lnN5' . ljleGg ;~rf/dfWoddf cfa4 u/fP/ sfd u/fpg] t/ csf{sf] d]xgt kl;gfsf] k|ltkmn kfl/>lds glbg] ld8of xfp;x?n] kqsfl/tf k]zfnfO{ cln wldnf] kf/]sf] d}n] dx;'; u/]sL 5' .
clxn] kqsfl/tf If]q jb\gfldt x'Fb}5, kqsfl/tf If]qdf nfu]s}x?n] lbpF;} hfF8 vfP/ xNnf ug]{, cfkm'nfO{ 5'§} b'lgFofsf] dfG5] 7fGg], ;dfrf/nfO{ lnP/ df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{ h:tf k|a[lQx? klg b]lvPsf 5g eGg] cf/f]k 5 nfUg] u/]sf] 5, tkfO{nfO{ s] nfU5 <
— of] s'/f t ;lx xf], kqsfl/tf h:tf] dof{lbt k]zfsf] dxTj ga'em\g]x?n] clg d}n] klxnf klg eg] ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?;+u cfa4 ldl8of ;+u7gx?n] cfkm\gf] ;b:o a9fpg lbPsf kl/rokqn] klg pgLx?n] o:tf] ug]{ u/]sf 5g t/ o:tf] ug'{ kSs} klg /fd|f] x}g . of] af/] kqsf/ ;+u7gx?n] ;f]Rg' k5{ / k]zfut ?kd} ksfl/tf u/]sf kqsf/sf] 5lj lju|g lbg' x'Fb}g .
tkfO{ t To;}klg dlxnf kqsf/, o:tf sfo{df nfUg' ef 5}g xf]nf lg Û
— s] yfxf, d dlxnf eg]/ d}n] o;f] u/]sf] 5}g x'Fnf eg]/ tkfO{n] s;/L eGg] eof] of] t tkfO{nfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf / df]km;ndf tkfO{n] eg]sf] klg ;lx xf]nf . dlxnf kqsf/x?n] o:tf] gunf{g\ klg t/ sf7df08f}+, kf]v/f h:tf] zx/x?df t k'?if eGbf dlxnf 5}gg\ rfx] /fd|f] sfo{df xf];\ of g/fd|f] .
df]km;n kqsfl/tf If]qdf ;'wf/sf nflu ;/sf/nfO{ s] ;'emfj lbg rfxfg'x'G5 <
— d}n] klxnf klg eg] ;/sf/n] kqsf/sf nflu lglZrt dfkb08 agfP/ cfly{s ?kn] s]lx g s]lx ;xof]u ug]{ kg]{ x'G5 . gq eg] df]km;nsf kqsf/nfO{ kqsfl/tf ug{ lgs} uf¥xf] 5 .
cGTodf s]xL eGg dg nfu]sf] 5 <
— kqsfl/tfdf clxn] ;'b"/klZrsf] kxfl8 lhNnfdf xg]{ xf] eg] dlxnf kqsf/ w]/} sd dfqfdf kfO{G5g t/ pxfFx?nfO{ kqsfl/tf k]zfdf Nofpg kxn ug'{ k5{ . clg cfly{sn] pgLx?sf] kfl/>lds klg ldl8of xfp;x?n] lbg'k5{ / cfly{s rnv]n ug]{ kqsf/x?n] k};fsf] nflu cfkm\gf] O{dfg OHht / k[li6hnfO{ bfpdf nufpg' ePg eGg] xf] .

nf]s;]jfsf] tof/Lsf nflu pkof]uL
!= "The social Contract" gfds s[ltsf n]vs sf] x'g <
— lhg HofS; ?;f]
@= ;'of]{bosf] b]z eg]/ hfkgnfO{ lrlgG5 eg] ;'of{:tsf] b]z eg]/ s;nfO{ lrlgG5  <
–u|]6 la|6]g
#= dlGb/x?sf] ;x/ eg]/ sf7df08f}+nfO{ lrlgG5 eg] dxn -b/jf/_ sf] ;x/ eg]/ s'g ;x/nfO{ lrlgG5 <
— ef/tsf] sf]nsftf
$= blIf0f cd]l/sfsf] 3fF;] d}bfgnfO{ kDkfh eg]/ lrlgG5 eg] Pl;of / o'/f]ksf] 3fF;] e'ldnfO{ s] eg]/ lrlgG5 <
—:6]K;
%=@)&! ;fn efb| @@ ut] dgfO{Psf] !) cf}+ lghfdlt ;]jf lbj;sf] gf/f s] lyof] <
— ælghfdlt ;]jfsf] dfGotf, cg'zf;g, O{dfgbfl/tf / g}ltstfÆ
-laqmd\ @)!# efb| @@ ut] tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL 6+s k|;fb cfrfo{n] lghfdlt ;]jf P]g NofPsf] lbg kf/]/ @)^@ ;fn b]lv pQm lbj; dgfpg ;'? ul/Psf]_
^= @)&! ;fn >fj0f @& ut] dgfO{Psf] o'jf lbj;sf] gf/f s] lyof] <
— æ;d[l4sf nflu dfgl;s ?kdf :j:y o'jfÆ
&= cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ sf] jh]6 slxn] ;fj{hlgs ul/of] <
— @)&!, c;f/ @( -^ vj{, !* cj{, !) s/f]8sf] jh]6 ;fj{hlgs_
*= lkmkmf jl/otfqmddf g]kfn sltcf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 <
— !^$ cf}+ :yfgdf
(= la=;+= @)&! b]lv )*) sf] bzsnfO{ s] bzssf] ?kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 <
—jg bzs
!)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] &@ j6f gu/kflnsf yKg] lg0f{o slxn] u/]sf] lyof] <
– @)&! ;fn a}zfv @% ut]
-yk ul/Psf gu/kflnsfsf] ;+Vof ;lxt xfn hDdf !#) j6f gu/kflnsf ePsf_
!!= laZj jftfj/0f lbj; @)&! sf] gf/f s] lyof] <
— lxdfn jrfpF, jftfj/0f hf]ufpF
!@= dfgj lasf;sf] ;"rfÍ @)!$ sf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] sltcf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 <
— !$% cf}+
!#= ef/tLo lab]zdGqL ;':df :j/fhsf] g]kfn e|d0f slxn] ePsf] lyof] <
– @)&! ;fn >fj0f ( ut] -@)!$ h'nfO{ @%_
!$= ;fs{sf] !* cf}+ lzv/ ;Dd]ng g]kfndf slxn] x'Fb}5 <
— @)&! ;fn sflt{s @* ut] -!$ gf]e]Dj/ @)!$_
!%= ;+lawfg;ef–@ sf] pklgjf{rg slxn] ePsf] lyof] <
— @)&! ;fn c;f/ * ut]
!^= g]kfn k|x/Ln] l8 Pg P k/LIf0f ;]jf slxn] b]lv ;'? u/]sf] xf] <
— @)&! ;fn a}zfv @% ut]
!&= gfos >Ls[i0f >]i7sf] lgwg slxn] ePsf] lyof] <
— @)&! ;fn >fj0f @$ ut]
!*= @)&) ;fndf ;~rflnt P;Pn;L k/LIffdf slt k|lt;t laBfyL{ pQL0f{ ePsf lyP <
— $#=(@ k|lt;t
!(= cfufdL !! cf}+ laZjsk lqms]6 s'g b]zdf cfof]hgf x'Fb}5 <
— c:6«lnof / Go'lhn]08
@)= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf cg';f/ slxn];Dd laZjjf6} ef]sd/L x6fpg] nIf lnPsf] 5 <
— ;g @)%) ;Dddf
@!= @)&) ;fn ;fpg ! ut] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf nflu s;nfO{ :yfoL k|ltlglw lgo'Qm u/]sf] lyof] <
— b'uf{k|;fb e§/fO{
@#= æe|i6 rr{nfO{ gi6 ul/b]pÆ of] egfO{ s:sf] xf] <
— ef]Nt]o/
@$= dx]Gb| /fhdfu{nfO{ 5'g] kxf8L lhNnfx? s'g s'g x'g <
— dsjfgk'/ / c3f{vfFrL  
@%= g]kfnsf] ;j}eGbf sfG5f] lhNnf eg]/ s'g lhNnfnfO{ lrlgG5 <
— sflnsf]6
@^= ;j} eGbf w]/] lhNnf;+u l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] lhNnf s'g xf] <
— dsjfgk'/

;flxTo÷;[hgf
bz}F Û bz}F Û  bz}F Û 
ufpFsf] of] bz}F,  of] zxsf]{ bz}F
jfWotfsf]  bz}F,  of] /x/sf] bz}F .
n]ssf], vf]Frsf], kmfF6sf] of] bz}F
cfF6sf] xf] ls jf 9f6Fsf] xf] bz}F <
 
hfthftL  ;a}  bË  kg]{  bz}F
k"mndf, kftdf  /Ë  eg]{ bz}F .
xf] k'/fg} bz}F, of gofF ef] bz}F
t[lKt xf] of bz}F, lt;{gf xf] bz}F Û

xf] ls gfgf gofF, ef]h dL7f] bz}F
B"t, rËf, ce}Fm  lkËsf] of] bz}F .
a]Rg cf} lsÌd} Jo:t ef] of] bz}F
/]6\g cf} l5Ì d} d:t ef] of] bz}F Û 
xfF;, af]sf] bz}F, of v;L xf] bz}F
of b'gf]df x'g] e"/;L xf] bz}F .
cflQg], dflQg], kflQg]sf] bz}F
dlRrg]–dlRrg] ylRrg] of] bz}F Û 
a[4 cf} afnssf] of o'jfsf] bz}F
;j{xf/f ls jf  j'h'{jf xf] bz}F <
b]z k|b]zdf k}mlng] ef] bz}F
P bz}F Û cf] bz}F Û xfO Û x]Nnf] bz}F Û
k|ef e§/fO{ -cfrfo{_
;l/t ;+udjf6

;/;kmfO{ ;Gb]z  
aNn aNn e]6 ef5 bfh'efO{
kmf]x/d}nf ;bfnfO{ jfOjfO{

;w}+ cl3 a9\b} hfp ;/;kmfO{ ug{nfO{
c1fg ?kL ;dfhdf 1fg Hof]lt eg{nfO{
aNn aNn e]6 ef5 bfh'efO{
kmf]x/d}nf ;bfnfO{ jfOjfO{

/f]ux?sf] dxfdf/L rn]sf] 5 x]/
dfGohg bfh'efO{ ;f]rf}F Ps km]/
aNn aNn e]6 ef5 bfh'efO{
kmf]x/d}nf ;bfnfO{ jfOjfO{

emf8fkvfnf cfp x}hf w]/} ;+qmd0f
bjfO{ vr{ ubf{ ub}{ ;j} ;S5f} wg
aNn aNn e]6 ef5 bfh'efO{
kmf]x/d}nf ;bfnfO{ jfOjfO{

xftd'v wf]O{ gª\ sf6L ljBfno hfcf}F
jf;L vfgf /f]usf] vfgL tfhf vfgf vfcf}F    
aNn aNn e]6 ef5 bfh'efO{
kmf]x/d}nf ;bfnfO{ jfOjfO{

3/ cfFug rkL{ ;w}F ;kmf u/L /fvf}F
drfg jgfp 3/3/df /f]ujf6 efuf}F
aNn aNn e]6 ef5 bfh'efO{
kmf]x/d}nf ;bfnfO{ jfOjfO{

lb;f lk;fj ug{nfO{ rkL{ lt/ hfcf}F
:j:y eO{ ;'vL x'g ;kmf kfgL vfcf}F
aNn aNn e]6 ef5 bfh'efO{
kmf]x/d}nf ;bfnfO{ jfOjfO{
 lx/fnfn hf]zL

;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo lasf; dGqfno
lhNnf lasf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, 8f]6L
;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M @)&!÷)^÷)#
laifo M hgzlQm cfjZostf ;DjlGw ;"rgf
g]kfn ;/sf/ / lkmgNof08 ;/sf/sf] ;+o'Qm ;xof]udf o; lhNnfsf 5kfnL, lu/Lrf}sf, sfFgfrf}/, s]bf/cfv8f, l;drf}/ ufla;df ;~rfng -gofF ufla; ;d]t_ df /x]sf] u|fld0f hn>f]t Joj:yfkg kl/of]hgfsf] bf]>f] r/0f cGt/ut ;d'bfo:t/df ;~rfng ePsf hn>f]t lasf; ;DjlGw sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjogdf ;xhLs/0f ug{ tklznsf] kbdf k/fdz{bftfsf] ?kdf /xL sfd ug{ O{R5's ;]jf k|bfossf] cfjZostf ePsfn] of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] lddltn] @! -PSsfO{;_ lbgleq lgDgfg';f/ of]Uotf k'u]sf O{R5's g]kfnL gful/sx?n] o; sfof{nosf] /fhZj zfvfjf6 ? $))÷– lt/L pknJw u/fO{g] a}olQms laj/0f kmf/fd e/L sfd ug{ O{R5's kb v'n]sf] lgj]bg ;d]t lhla;sf] /fhZj zfvfdf ;f]xL cjwLsf] sfof{no ;doleq a'emfpg x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . lgj]bgsf ;fydf lgj]bssf] z}lIfs of]Uotf Pj+ cg'ejsf k|df0fkqx?sf k|ltlnkL, gful/stfsf] k|ltlnkL, b:t'/ lt/]sf] /l;b ;+nUg u/L xfn}sf] kf;kf]6{ ;fO{hsf] @ k|lt kmf]6f] ;lxt vfd jflx/ kb / la1fkg g+= k|i6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
la1fkg g+= @÷)&!÷)&@
kb M :jf:Yo k|j4{s -Health Promoter_
cfjZos ;+Vof M Ps hgf -ufla;df cfwfl/t_
cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfjf6 :jf:Yo lzIff laifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ jf CMA/ANM pQL0f{ u/L u|fld0f If]qdf ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ If]qdf sDtLdf # jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej ePsf] .
gf]6 M pDd]bjf/ ;d'bfod} /xL ;d'bfosf nflu sfd ug{ O{R5's, zf/Ll/s ?kdf :j:Yo tGb'?:t, /fhg}lts ?kdf t6:y, g}lts cfr/0f ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . Pj+ ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf;+u ;dGjo  u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ If]dtf ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
;+lIfKt ;"rL -Short Listing_ df k/]sf lgj]bsx?nfO{ dfq lnlvt tyf cGt/jftf{df ;dfj]z u/fO{g] 5 . lnlvt tyf cGt/jftf{ ;DjlGw ;"rgfkl5 k|sflzt ul/g]5 .
lzjs'df/ sfsL{ -:yfgLo lasf; clwsf/L_
;+of]hs, k/LIff ;~rfng tyf cGt/jftf{ ;ldlt

dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] xsbfjL ;DjlGw #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M– @)&!÷)^÷)^
8f]6L nIdLgu/ uf=lj=;=j8f g+=$ l:yt uf=lj=;=sfof{no nIdLgu/ 8f]6Lsf] gfpFdf gfk gS;f ePsf] >L uf=lj=;=sfof{no nIdLgu/ 8f]6Lsf] sfof{no ejg ;d]t alg uf=lj=;=sfof{no ;~rfngdf /x]sf] uf=lj=;= nIdLgu/ 8f]6Lsf] Psnf}6L xsef]u ef]urng leqsf] tkl;n adf]lhdsf] ls=g+=^^@ sf] hUuf btf{ ug{ 5'6 ePsf]n] pQm hUuf >L uf=lj=;=sfof{no nIdLgu/ 8f]6Lsf] gfpFdf 5'6 hUuf btf{ u/LkfpF egL >L uf=lj=;=sfof{no nIdLgu/ 8f]6Lsf] r=g+=!#^, ldltM– @)&)÷)(÷!! sf] kqjf6 n]lv cfPsf]n] ;f] hUuf btf{ ug]{]{ sfo{jfxLsf] l;nl;nfdf of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . pQm hUuf s;}sf] JolQmut, ;/sf/L ;fj{hlgs, uf}r/g, kfgLwf/f cflb leq k5{ kb}{g, s'g]} s;}sf] hUuf 3';] 3';fPsf] 5 of s;}sf] xsbfjL nfUg] eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq -af6fsf Dofb afx]s_ cfkm";+u ePsf ;Ssn k|df0fx? ;fydf lnO{ o; sfof{Nfodf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf . cGoyf lgodfg';f/ eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
tklzn
dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] xsbfjL ;DjlGw #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&!÷)^÷)^ ut]
d]/f] gfpFdf gfk gS;f ePsf] d]/f] Psnf}6L xsef]u ef]urng / lt/f]lt/fg leqsf] 8f]6L ufh/L uf=lj=;=j8f g+= ! l:yt tkl;n adf]lhdsf] ls=g+=!^^ sf] hUuf btf{ ug{ 5'6 ePsf] x'bfF pQm hUuf d]/f] gfpFdf Psnf}6L 5'6 hUuf btf{ u/L kfpF elg gS;f, lkmN8 j's ptf/, @)$% ;fnsf] lt/f] lt/]sf] /l;b, g]kfnL gf=k|=k=, ;fljs df]7 ptf/, & g+= kmf/fd ptf/, uf=lj=;=sfof{no ufh/L 8f]6Lsf] r=g+=#@ ldltM–@)&)÷)^÷!# sf] ls6fgL l;kmfl; kq ;fy} /fvL 8f]6L ufh/L uf=lj=;= j8f g+= # a:g] nfnl;+sf] gftL wf}n]sf] 5f]/f sl/ e08f/Ln] o; dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Ldf lgj]bg lbg' ePsf]n] ;f] hUuf btf{ ug]{]{ sfo{jfxLsf] l;nl;nfdf of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . pQm hUuf s;}sf] JolQmut, ;/sf/L ;fj{hlgs, uf}r/g, kfgLwf/f cflb leq k5{ kb}{g, s'g]} s;}sf] hUuf 3';] 3';fPsf] 5 of s;}sf] xsbfjL nfUg] eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq -af6fsf Dofb afx]s_ cfkm";+u ePsf ;Ssn k|df0fx? ;fydf lnO{ o; sfof{Nfodf xsbfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf . cGoyf lgodfg';f/ eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
tkl;n