s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/ yfxf kfpg]
hgtfsf] clwsf/
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu
d'Vo ;dfrf/
dflnsn]
xfn] d'Qm xlnofsf] gfddf b'O{ /f]kgL hldg
;/sf/n] xlnof d'QmLsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] &
aif{ laTg} nfUbf klg 8f]6Lsf] rj/frf}tf/f–! pd'8Lsf l8naxfb'/ bdfO{n] ;fxF'sf]
xnf] hf]Tb} cfPsf] eGb} c;f]h t];|f] xKtf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Ldf d'4f btf{
u/fPsf lyP .
xlnofsf nfuL ;/sf/n] 5'§} sfg'g lgdf0f{ gu/]sf] ePklg
l8naxfb'/n] sd}of >d lgz]w ug{ ag]sf] P]g @)%* cg';f/ dflns 6]saxfb'/ adsf]
la?4df d'4f btf{ u/fPsf lyP . s}nfnL a:b} cfPsf adn] C0f lnPsf] sfuh RofTb}
d'Qm u/]sf lyP .
dflns adn] pgsf] xlnof a:b} cfPsf l8naxfb'/sf gfddf
rj/frf}tf/fdf /x]sf] b'O{ /f]kgL hldg lbg] atfPsf 5g . laDa ;fKtflxs;+u s'/f
ub}{ adn] eg] æd]/f] afh]n] l8naxfb'/sf] afh]nfO{ c5fd ;f]s6af6 lnP/ /fv]sf
x'g, pgsf] kl/jf/n] xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] lautb]lv sfd ub}{ cfP C0f klg lnPsf lyP .
d cfhsf ldltaf6 C0f klg ldgfx ug'{sf ;fy} b'O{ /f]kgL hUuf lbG5'Æ adn] yk]
…pgn] d]/f] 3/df d s}nfnL a;fO{ ;/]kl5 sfd ug{ 5f]8]sf] ePklg pgn] kl/rokq
k|fKt ug{sf nfuL nfdf] ;do kl5 ph'/L btf{ u/fPsf x'g .Ú
adn] d'QmLsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{sf ;fy} b'O{ /f]kgL hUuf lbP
kl5 v'zL AoQm u/]sf 5g . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf o; eGbf klxnf o;} k|sf/sf d'2f
cfpFbf tgfj x'g'sf ;fy} k'j{ ;fxF' / d'Qm xlnofsf] ;DaGwdf lr;f] cfpg] u/]sf]
ePklg 6]s ad / l8naxfb'/sf] eg] To:tf] b]lvPg .
d'Qm xlnof ;dfh 8f]6L / g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f
;+3 8f]6Lsf] kxndf l8naxfb'/nfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . 8f]6L
lhNnfdf cem} w]/} clxnfx?sf] tYofª\s cfpg g;s]sf] d'Qm xlnof ;dfh 8f]6Lsf
;+of]hs uf]/v ;fsL{n] atfP . pgn] eg] æclxn]sf] ;dodf xlnof /fVg' dfgjtf
la/f]wL sfo{ xf] t/ klg clxn] klg æcfaZotf / afWotfÆsf lardf xlnof x'g]x? w]/}
5g To;}n] To:tf AoQmLx?sf] d'QmLsf nfuL kxn ug'{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 .Æ
lhNnfsf @$ cf]6f ufla;df /x]sf xlnofx?sf] tYof+s xfn;Dd
klg ;+sng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . 5'6]sf ufla;df /x]sf d'Qm xlnofx?sf] tYofª\s ;+sng
ug{sf nfuL kxn ug]{ d'Qm xlnof ;dfh 8f]6Lsf cWoIf l;tf lasn] atfO{g .
laut s]xL aif{ b]lv ef/t sfd dhb'/L sfd ug]{ l8naxfb'/
yftynf] kmls{Pkl5 pgsf] d'QmLsf nfuL ;F:yfsf tkm{af6 kxn ul/Psf] g]kfn /fli6«o
blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 8f]6L cGt/ut ;~rfng e}/x]sf] d'Qm xlnof k'g{:yfkgf k}/aL
kl/of]hgfsf ;+of]hs z'lgn ;]jfn] atfP . ;]jfn] eg] æxfdL cGo o:tf AoQmLx?sf]
vf]hLdf 5f}F, d'Qm ePsf xlnofx?sf] ;jfndf k}/aL ug]{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5f}F .Æ
adn] ltg k':tf b]lv cfkm\gf] xlnof a:b} cfPsf
l8naxfb'/nfO{ hUuf k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} lhNnf k|zf;gdf d]nldnfk ul/Psf] 8f]6Lsf
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L o1/fh af]x/fn] atfP . pgn] eg] æadn] ;f]daf/ g} dfnkf]t
sfof{nodf uO{ cfkm\gf] nfnk'hf{af6 s6fPsf 5g, td;'s kgL Roft]sf 5g .Æ
ltg k':tf b]lv xlnof a:b} cfPsf l8naxfb'/n] !* nfv ?k}Fof
Ifltk'lt{ dfu u/]sf lyP .
;DkfbsLo
cfly{s
;+s6sf] ;"rs
nfdf] ;dosf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfn] o;} klg
lynlynf] ePsf] xfd|f] b]zsf] cy{tGq )&@ nfu]kl5 bf]xf]/f] df/df k/]sf] 5 .
klxnf] df/ !@ j}zfvsf] e"sDksf] lyof], h;n] cy{tGqnfO{ Ps dlxgf;Dd lzlyn
agfof] . ;/sf/n] k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd tLj| kfnf{, k"jf{wf/sf If]q /
kfl/jfl/s cfjf;sf] lgdf{0fdf ;d]t k'FhLut nufgLsf] cf]O/f] nfUnf / cy{tGq rnfodfg
xf]nf eg]/ w]/} cfzf ul/Psf] klg lyof] . t/, ;/sf/ /fhgLlts 3grSs/af6 aflx/
lg:sg} ;s]g . clxn];Dd klg e'OFrfnf]n] Wj:t ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] k'lglg{df{0f of
gjlgdf{0fsf nflu ;/sf/n] Ps ;'sf] nufgL ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n] klg
e"sDkkl5 ul/Psf cfzf To;} ;]nfP/ uP .
@% h]7df rf/ k|d'v /fhgLlts bnaLr !^ a'Fb] ;dembf/L sfod
eof] . ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf klg To;sf] Ps dlxgfkl5 g} hf/L ul/of] . t/,
To;otf t/fO{ dw]; czfGt 5 . &^ lbgb]lv dw];df ljBfno v'n]sf 5}gG, Jofkf/
rn]sf] 5}g, leqleq rNg] b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'sf] lsgd]nafx]s Jofkf/ Joj;fo,
pBf]uwGbf ;a} rf}k6 5g\ .
of] qmd rln/xFbf klg sf7df8f}+nufot ;x/ lrGtfd'Qm lyP .
h;h;sf] Jofkf/ pBf]u of Joj;fo aGb lyof], tL dfq cflQPsf lyP . h;sf ;Gtfg
ljBfno hfg kfPgG, tL cleefjs dfq 56\k6Ldf lyP . t/, # c;f]hdf ;+ljwfg hf/L
ePnuQ} ef/tn] g]kfndfly nufPsf] gfsfaGbL cem} hf/L 5 . o;n] dw];df dfq xf]Og,
kxf8 / ;x/df dfq xf]Og, ufpFdf ;d]t Jofks c;/ b]vfpg yfn]sf] 5 .
oxL qmddf g]kfnsf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] rsf]{ ;d:of / r'gf}tL
;fdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do 7"nf] :t/sf] nufgL dfUg a}+sdf kmd{ cfpg
5f8]sf of cfpg] b/ 36]sf] 5 . a}+sx¿;Fu emG8} *) ca{sf] t/ntf df}Hbft 5, t/
nufgL a9]sf] 5}g . slt;Dd eg] a}+sx¿n] cfˆgf] ;+:yf 3f6fdf hfgaf6 arfpg
7"nf] lgIf]k ;+sng ug{;d]t 5f8]sf 5g\ . o;/L a}+sdf t/ntf ylkFb} hfFbf ;fdfGo
cj:yfdf a+}+sn] Aofhb/ 36fP/ sfd lnG5g\ . o;n] cy{tGqdf d'›f k|jfx a9]/ cfly{s
ultljlwnfO{ ;xof]u u5{ eGg] dfGotf /flvG5 . t/, otf eg] Aofh 36fP klg nufgL
a9\g] l:ylt 5}g . of] cy{tGqsf] ljgfzsfn glhlsPsf] ;"rs xf] .
otf gofF k|wfgdGqLn]
zky lnPsf];d]t tLg ;ftf x'g nflu;s]sf] 5 . t/, ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 dw];sf] ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{ ;fy{s k|of; u/]sf] 5gs kfOPsf] 5}g . dw]; cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg gu/L
ckgfOg] cGo ljsNkn] dfq} ;d:ofsf] lbuf] ;dfwfg lbGg eGg] lglZrt g} 5 . cNksfnLg
of cf+lzs ;dfwfg lbg]tkm{ sbd grfnL ePsf] 5}g eGg] ;fFrf] xf], t/ To;n]
cy{tGqnfO{ tTsfn ultzLn agfpg ;Sb}g . t/, ;/sf/ ToxL cf+lzs / cNksfnLg ;dfwfgsf
kIfdf klg tLj|tf;fy nfu]sf] 5gs b]lvGg . kl5Nnf] ;do rLgaf6 OGwg Nofpg ul/Psf
k|of;sf] klg cem} kl/0ffd cfO;s]sf] 5}g . otf ;fwf/0f gful/ssf] afFRg kfpg]
clwsf/ vf]l;Psf] 5 . dw]; cfGbf]ng lbglbg} lx+;fTds / k/kL8glt/ ws]lnPsf] 5 .
ef/tsf] uf]6L ag]sf] t 5Fb} 5, To;n] g]kfnnfO{ nfdf] ;do ljefhgsf] dgl:yltlt/
klg ws]n]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] sfd b/af/df ef]h v'jfP/ df]h ug]{ xf]Og . t/,
k|wfgdGqLn] laxLaf/ dfq Pp6f To:t} d:tL u/]sf 5g\ / cfdhgtfnfO{ luHofPsf of
lxofPsf 5g\ . o;n] sfd rNb}g . tTsfn ;fy{s x:tIf]k u/ / ;fwf/0f hgtfsf] afFRg
kfpg] clwsf/ ;+/If0f;lxt cy{tGqsf] p4f/tkm{ nfu .
yk ;dfrf/
s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|sf] ;]jf k|efasf/L ePg
8f]6L lhNnfdf /x]sf s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|x?n]
k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;]jf lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . krf; ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / Ps gu/kfnLsf
/x]sf] 8f]6L lhNnfdf ^ j6f dfq} s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| x'Fbf ;]jf k|efasf/L x'g
g;s]sf] xf] .
Ps ;]jf s]Gb|n] cf7 cf]6f ufla;sf ls;fgx?nfO{ x]g'{ kg]{
afWotf /x]sf] 5 . ;]jf s]Gb|sf] If]qdf /x]sf ufla;x?af6 ;]jf s]Gb|d} k'Ug Ps
lbg ;Dd nfUg] tyf Go"g hgzQmL ePsf sf/0f kgL ;]jf kfpg g;s]sf] s[ifsx?n]
u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g .
lhNnfsf em08} *% k|ltzt dflg;x? s[lifdf ;+nUg ePsf] ePklg
^ cf]6f dfq} ;]jf s]Gb| /x]sf 5g . lhNnfsf u|fld0f efudf /x]sf] clwsf+z s[ifsx?
;]jf ;'ljwfx? kfpgaf6 eg] jl~rt /x]sf] uu'8f ufla;sf s[ifs uf}/Lnfn rGbn] atfP
.
sof}F ls;fgx?n] s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|sf] gfd klg ;''g]sf]
kfO{b}g . ;fTfkm/L ufla;sf lsi0f la=s=n] eg] æs[lif ;]jf s]Gb| sxfF 5 yfxf ePg
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] dfq} gfd ;'g]sf] 5' .Æ b'u{d e]usf ls;fgx?nfO{
s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| k'Ugsf nflu em08} Ps lbg k}bn lx8\g' kg{] ePsfn] ;]jf s]Gb|
cf;kf;sf afx]s clns 6f9fsf ls;fgn] ;/sf/L ;]jf ;'ljwf kfpg g;s]sf] :yfgLo
atfpF5g .
cfkm'x?nfO{ ;]jf s]Gb| k'Ug g} 306f+} lx8\g' kg{] / Tof]
kfPs kg{] gePsfn] s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|af6 ;]jf lng g;lsPsf] ;fTfkm/L uflj;sf g]skf
Pdfn]sf ufpF sldl6 cWoIf u0f]z ;fpFbn]
atfP .
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf al/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t
o1/fh hf]zLn] lhNnfdf slDtdf !# j6f ;]jf s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/g'kg{] dfu /fVb} ut
jif{ g} ;j{kIfLo a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;lxt If]qLo s[lif lgb{]zgfno dfkm{t s[lif
dGqfno / ljefunfO{ k7fO{Psf] atfP . pgn] eg] æklxn] !# j6f s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|
lyof] t/ ;/sf/n] kl5 & j6f ;]jf s]Gb| s6f}tL u/]/ ^ df emfl/lbof] / hgzlQm
klg sd 5 .Æ
ls;fgx?nfO{ ;xh ;]jf k|bfg ug{ If]qLo s[lif lgb{]zgfnon]
k|zf;lgs Joj:yfsf nflu kxn ug{' kg]{df al/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t hf]zLn] hf]8
lbP . x/]s uflj; df Ps hgf s[lif k|fljlwssf] Joj:yf u/]df ;]jf cem} k|efasf/L
x'g] hf]zLsf] ts{ 5 .
If]lqo s[lif tflnd
s]Gb| tyf lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] @^
hgf ls;fgx?nfO{ %! lbg] s[lif k|fljlws tflnd klg lbO{;s]sfn] ;f]xL hgzlQmnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;s]df pQd x'g]
klg hf]zLn] atfP . ;]jf s]Gb|sf] yk36 lg0f{o dGqfnon] ug]{ ePsfn] To;df cfkm'n]
af]Ng gldNg] If]qLo s[lif lgb{]zgfno
lbkfonsf If]qLo lgb{]zs /fdfgGb s'dL{n] atfP . lgb{]zs s'dL{n] eg]
æls;fgsf] o; u'gf;f]k|lt d]/f] efjgfTds ;xdlt 5 t/ klg lg0f{o ug]{ s'/f d]/f]
xftdf 5}g .Æ of] ;d:of 8f]6Lsf] dfq} geP/ ;du| b]zs} ;d:of ePsfn] ;+/rgfut
;'wf/sf nflu ;/sf/n] g} lg0f{o ug{'kg{]
pgsf] a'emfO{ 5 .
Pssf efudf
!( xhf/ *@
8f]6L lhNnfdf Ps dlxnf k|x/Ln] !( xhf/ *@
dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff tyf lgu/fgL k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . 8f]6L lhNnfdf ^ hgfdfq
dlxnf k|x/L hjfg /x]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 8f]6Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
8f]6L lhNnfsf] @)^* ;fndf lnPsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ lhNnfsf]
s'n hg;+Vof b'O{ nfv !! xhf/ ;ft ;o $^
hgf /x]sf] 5 . To;df dlxnf Ps nfv !$
xhf/ rf/ ;o ($ / k'?if (& xhf/ b'O{ ;o %@ hgf /x]sf 5g .
lhNnfdf tLg ;o $# s'n b/aGbL /x]sf] ePklg xfn b'O{ ;o %(
hgf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g . lhNnfdf dlxnf k|x/Lsf] ;+Vof eg] cToGt Go"g ^ hgf
dfq /x]sf 5g .
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 8f]6Ln] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ O{nfsf
k|x/L sof{no lbkfondf # hgf / lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no cGt/ut /x]sf] dlxnf tyf
jfnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|df b'O{ hgf / lhNnf sf/fuf/ 8f]6Ldf Ps hgf dfq dlxnf k|x/L
/x]sf 5g .
lhNnfsf] s'n sfo{/t k|x/L ;+VofnfO{ x]bf{ Ps k|x/Ln] cf7
;o !& hgf k|x/LnfO{ x]g'{ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . Ps k|x/Lsf] efudf kg]{ ;+Vof
eGbf @# u'0ff a9L !( xhf/ *@ hgf dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff, lgoGq0f tyf cg';Gwfg dlxnf
k|x/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .
dlxnfdfyL lgoGq0f, cg';Gwfg tyf ;xof]u dlxnf ug{sf nfuL dlxnf
k|x/L x'g kg]{ dfgj clwsf/jfbLn] s'/f p7fpFb} cfPsf 5g . lhNnfdf dlxnf k|x/L
hjfgsf] ;+Vof sd x'Fbf cg';Gwfg ug{ ;d:of x'g] u/]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no
8f]6Lsf] k|x/L lg/LIfs af]w/fh cf]emfn] atfP .
lhNnfsf] u|fld0f If]qdf /x]sf O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no, k|x/L
rf}sLx?df dlxnf k|x/L 5}gg\ .
c5fddf
gful/stf / /fxbfgL lng] a9]
n xf]d
;fpb÷c5fd
sflt{s !^
bz}+ ;lsPnuQ} c5fd lhNnfdf /fxbfgL tyf gful/stf
lng]x?sf] ;+Vof a9]sf] 5 . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dfkm{t bz}+labfkl5 dfq} /fxbfgLsf]
l;kmfl/; -sf7df08f}af6} lng] u/L_ @% hgf / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no c5fdjf6} kfFpg]
u/L ( hgfn] kmf/d e/]sf 5g .
bz}+ kl5sf] sfof{no v'n]sf kfFr lbgdf #$ hgfn] /fxbfgLsf]
;]jf lnPsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no c5fdsf] /fxbfgL kmfF6sf 6+s k|;fb 9'+ufgfn]
hfgsf/L lbP . bz}+ nuQ} ;fljs eGbf al9 ;]jfu|fxLx?n] /fxbfgLsf] ;]jf lnO{/x]sf] / gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkq lng]qmd klg XjfQ} a9]sf] c5fdsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ofdk|;fb ;'j]bLn]
atfP . bz}+ dgfFpg 3/ cfPsfx? al9 cfO{/x]sf] k|zf;gsf] egfO{ 5 . xfn lbgdf #)
b]lv $) hgfn] b}lgs gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq lnO{/x]sf] ;d]t k|lhc ;'j]bLn] atfP .
o;}ljr of] cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] $ dlxgf ;Dddf ut jif{sf]
klxnf] $ dlxgfdf eGbf lgs} sd AoflQmn] /fxfbfgL kmf/d e/]sf] hgfO{Psf] 5 . ut
cfly{s jif{sf] ;'? b]lv c;f]h d;fGt ;Dddf hDdf kfFr ;o !) hgfn] ;]jf lnPsf lyP
eg] of] cfly{s jif{sf] c;f]h d;fGt ;Dddf s'n b'O{ ;o &# hgfn] dfq ;]jf
lnPsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . ut jif{sf] of] cjlwdf # ;o *^ hgfn] /fxbfgLsf] nflu
k|zf;gjf6 l;kmfl/; lnPsf lyP eg] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no jf6 kfpg] u/L Ps ;o @$
hgfn] kmf/d e/]sf lyP . t/ of] jif{ eg] l;kmfl/; Ps ;o &$ hgf / lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{nojf6 kfpg] u/L (( hgfn] kmf/d e/]sf] tYof+s /x]sf] 5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] nflu
clwsfFz dflg;x? ef/t hfg] u/]sf] c5fd lhNnfdf kl5Nnf] ;do vfl8 d'n'sdf ;d]t
/f]huf/Lsf] nflu hfg]qmd al9/x]sf] 5 .
rLgsf] t]n
afF8\g] o:tf] 5 ;/sf/L of]hgf
n /ftf]kf6L cgnfO{gjf6
rLgn] cg'bfg :j?k lbPsf] k]6«f]n g]kfn
leqg]lalQs} ;/sf/n] ljt/0f ug]{ ePsf] 5 . s]?ªgfsf x'Fb} lelqPsf] t]n ;f]daf/
;fFem;Dd pkTosf lelqPkl5 cfhb]lv g} ljt/0f ;'? ul/g] g]kfn cfon lgudn] hgfPsf]
xf] .
cg'bfgsf] ;f9] &# d]l6«s6g k]6«f]n !@ j6f 6\of+s/df
cfh pkTosf leqFb} 5 . …t]n cfh lelqPkl5 yfgsf]6 l8kf]df vGofOG5,Ú cfon lgudsf
PnkLhL ljefu / cfk"lt{ ljt/0f poog ljefu k|d'v d's'Gb l3ld/]n] eg],…To;kl5
cfjZostfcg';f/ cfh}af6 pkef]QmfnfO{ pknAw u/fOG5 .Ú
o;cl3 5'§} :6f]/df /fVg] eGg] lgudsf] egfO gePsf] t/
lx;fa eg] 5'§} /flvg] l3ld/]n] atfP . …5'§} /fVg] eGg] xf]Og, a? cg'bfgsf]
t]nsf] lx;fa 5'§} /xG5,Ú pgn] eg] .
ljt/0f k|lqmof eg] clxn]sf] h:t} cTofjZos ;jf/L–;fwgnfO{
dfq lbOg] lgudn] hgfPsf] 5 . …ev{/} ;a} ;jf/L–;fwgnfO{ lbg ;Sg] cj:yf t
x'Fb}g,Ú lgud k|jQmf bLks a/fnn] eg], …clxn]h:t} cTofjZos ;jf/LnfO{ h;/L ljt/0f
eO/x]sf] 5, To;/L g} x'g]5 .Ú
cfon lgudsf cg';f/ rLgaf6 cg'bfgdf cfPsf] t]nsf]
d"No klg km/s x'g]5}g . g]kfndf ef/taf6 lsg]/ NofPsf] t]nsf]
d"Nocg';f/ g} rLgaf6 cg'bfgdf NofPsf] t]n a]rLg] lgudn] hgfPsf] 5 .
…clxn];Dd h'g /]6df ePsf] 5, To;}df rLgsf] t]n laqmL
x'G5,Ú lgudsf lgb]{zs l3ld/]n] eg], …kl5 Pgcf];Ln] st} d"No ;dfof]hg
ug{'kg]{ cj:yf cfof] eg] To;}af6 ldnfOG5 .Ú
cg'bfgsf] t]n Nofpg cfon lgudn] k|ltln6/ @* ?k}ofF %$
k};fsf b/n] tLg s/f]8 ^$ nfv ?k}ofF /fh:j a'emfPsf] 5 . k]6«f]nsf] eG;f/ z'Ns
k|ltln6/ !% ?k}ofF @) k};f, k|1fkgkqafktsf] z'Ns %) k};f, ;8s ;'wf/afkt rf/
?k}ofF d"No clej[l4s/afkt cf7 ?k}ofF *$ k};fsf b/n] /fh:j a'emfPsf] lgudn]
hgfPsf] 5 .
;f]daf/ pkTosfdf (* xhf/ ln6/ t]n cfpg] ePkl5 ef]lnb]lv
klg ;f]xLcg';f/ lelqP/ Ps xKtfleq cg'bfgsf] t]n /fhwfgL cfOk'Ug] lgudn] hgfPsf]
5 . rLgn] g]kfnnfO{ emG8} !# nfv ln6/ t]n cg'bfgdf pknAw u/fPsf] xf] .
cg'bfgsf] ;a} t]n l;ufT;]af6 /;'jfu9L gfsfdf k7fpg] sfd rLgn] u/]sf] 5 .
km];a'sn]
dgfpFb}5 ;':t d+unaf/ <
n P]h]G;L
;f];n g]6jls{+u ;fO6 km];a'sn] cfˆgf
sd{rf/Lsf nflu x/]s d+unaf/ ;':t ultsf] OG6/g]6 6' hLdf sfd ug{'kg]{ lgod
agfPsf] 5 . km];a'sn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 6' hL 6\o';8] cGt/ut cab]lv x/]s d+unaf/
km];a'ssf sd{rf/Lsf] OG6/g]6 sg]S;g 6" hL :kL8;Dd :nf] ul/g]5 . h;af6
km];a's sd{rf/Lx?n] yfxf kfpg]5g\ sL pbLodfg ahf/x?df Pkn] s:tf] k/km{d
ul//x]sf] 5 .
ljsfzzLn ljZjdf cfˆgf] k|efj a9fpgsf nflu km];a'sn]
kl5Nnf] ;dodf lgs} d]x]gt ul//x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu p;n] ljleGg gofF PK; tyf
lkmr;{ NofPsf] 5 . t/ hf] dflg;x?n] ljsfzf]Gd'v tyf ljsfzzLn b]zsf dflg;nfO{
nlIft u/]/ oL Pk agfPsf x'G5g\ pgLx? ltj| ultsf] OG6/g]6sf] kx'Frdf x'G5g\ . oL
Pksf jf:tljs nlIft k|of]ustf{ ePsf b]zdf eg] OG6/g]6 lgs} ;':t /xg] u/]sf] 5 .
o:tf] lwdf ultsf] OG6g]6 k|of]u ug{ afWo dflg;x?sf] kL8f Pk lgdf{tf tyf
km];a'ssf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g .
To;}n] Pk agfpg]x? tyf tL Pk k|of]u ug]{x?aLrsf] cGt/
d]6\g] k|of;sf ?kdf km];a'sn] 6" hL 6\o';8] gfdsf] kxn yfn]sf] lahg]; Og;fO8/df
k|sflzt ;dfrf/df pNn]v 5 . km];a's sd{rf/Ln] ha d+unaf/ cfˆgf] Pkdf nuOg
ug]{5g\ ta pgLx?n] cfˆgf] Go'hlkm8sf] dfyL Ps k|DK6 b]Vg]5g\ . To;df pgLx?nfO{
;f]lwg]5 sL pgLx? cfpFbf] Ps 306f;Dd cfˆgf] OG6/g]6 :kL8 sd u/]/ of] k|f]u|fddf
efu lng OR5's 5g\ sL 5}gg\ <
OR5's sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps
306fsf nflu OG6/g]6 :kL8 sd u/fP/ lgs} lwdf ultsf] OG6/g]6df km];a's Pk rnfpg]
k|of]ustf{sf] h:t} cg'e'lt u/fOg]5 . o;af6 sd{rf/Lx?n] km];a'ssf Pkdf ug{'kg]{
;'wf/ tyf ;an / b'j{n kIfx?sf ljifodf hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . :d/0f /xf];\
km];a'sn] o;cl3 g} o:tf] k|ljlwsf] ljsfz ul/;s]sf] 5 h;df Ps o:tf] k|0ffnLsf]
k|of]u ul/G5 hxfF k|of]ustf{sf] OG6/g]6 l;:6d slQsf] ltj| 5 eGg] s'/f Pkn] kQf
nufpF5 / ;f]xL cg';f/ Go'hlkm8df :6f]/Lx? b]vfOG5 .
tLg kb, tLg
zky, tLg km/s
zlxb,hgtf / eujfgsf gfddf
n g]q kGyL
÷sf7df08f}+
sflt{s !^
b]zsf] k|d'v tLg kb /fi6«klt, pk/fi6«klt /
k|wfgdGqLsf] zkydf tLg leGgtfx? b]lvPsf 5g\ . s;sf] gfddf zky lng] ljifodf tLg
pRrkb:tx?sf] zkydf leGgtf b]lvPsf] xf] .
gjlgjf{lrt pk/fi6«klt gGbaxfb'/ k'gn] cfOtaf/ kb tyf
uf]klgotfsf] zky lnPsf 5g\ . pgn] zky lnFbf …;lxbÚ sf] gfddf zky lnP . ptf,
sflt{s !@ ut] zky lnFbf /fi6«klt ljBfb]lj e08f/Ln] …O{Zj/Ú sf] gfddf zky lnPsL
lyOg\ . To:t} ut c;f]h @% ut] zky lnFbf k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] …hgtfÚ sf
gfddf zky lnPsf lyP .
o;cl3, Ps} Joxf]/fsf] zky x'g] ePklg g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg
@)&@ df zky;DalGw :ki6 sfg'g gag]sfn] tLg pRr kb:tx?n] leGg leGg gfddf zky
lnPsf x'g\ .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] efu ^ df /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltaf/]
pNn]v 5 . h;sf] wf/f &! df /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] zkyaf/]df pNn]v 5 .
wf/f &! sf cg';f/ …/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltn] cfˆgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'cl3 ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd /fi6«kltn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf / pk/fi6«kltn] /fi6«klt ;dIf
kb tyf uf]kgLofsf] zky lng'kg]{5 .Ú
otf, efu & cGt/ut ;+3Lo sfo{kflnsfsf] wf/f *) df
…k|wfgdGqL, pkk|wfgdGqL / dGqLn] /fi6«klt;dIf tyf /fHodGqL / ;xfos dGqLn] k|wfgdGqL;dIf
cfˆgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'cl3 ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng'
kg]{5Ú pNn]v 5 .
g]kfndf ;+ljwfg adf]lhd zkyaf/] ;+3Lo sfg'g gag]sf sf/0f
zkysf] Joxf]/faf/] 6'+uf] nfu]sf] 5}g . ToxL eP/ /fi6«klt, pk–/fi6«klt / k|wfgdGqLn]
leGg gfddf zky vfP .
cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf @)^# df zkysf] Joxf]/fsf] 9fFrf g}
lbOPsf] lyof] . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f #^ r / wf/f ## em sf] pkwf/f @
;DalGw cg';"lr ! -s_ df ykyaf/] 9f+rf /flvPsf] lyof] . h;df …OZj/Ú sf]
gfddf ;ky vfg] pNn]v lyof] .
;/sf/
5f]8\g ;Sg] /fk|kf g]kfnsf] r]tfjgL
Pdfcf]jfbL / /fk|kf g]kfnsf] alnof] ;dy{gdf
Pdfn] cWoIf s]kL zdf{ cf]nL k|wfgdGqL ag]sf] tLg ;ftf laTg gkfpFb} ;Qf u7aGwgdf
v6k6 ;'? ePsf] 5 .
sf+u|];n] …e› ;xdltÚ tf]8]sf] eGb} Pdfn]n] Pdfcf]jfbL /
/fk|kf g]kfn;lxtsf bn;+u;Fu ldn]/ gofF ;/sf/ u7g u/]sf] lyof] . cfh Pdfn]n] g}
…e› ;xldtÚ tf]8]sf] eGb} ;Qf u7aGwgdf v6k6 ;'? ePsf] xf] .
;|f]tsf cg';f/ Pdfn]n] ;/sf/ u7g ug{'cl3 /fk|kf g]kfnnfO{
pkk|wfg;lxt k//fi6« / :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno lbg] e› ;xdlt u/]sf] lyof] . ;fy}
afFsL Ps dGqfno kl5 ;xdltsf] cfwf/df lng] ;xdlt ;d]t ePsf] lyof] . t/, Pdfn]n]
;xdlt lakl/t :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno glbg vf]h]sf] eGb} /fk|kf g]kfnn] c;Gt'li6
;lxt ;Qf u7aGwgd} tf]8\g];Ddsf] r]tfjgL lbPsf] xf] .
…sf+u|];n] e› ;xdlt tf]8\of] eGb} lxF8\g] Pdfn]n] /fk|kf
g]kfn;Fu ePsf] ;xdlt rflxF lsg tf]8\g vf]Hb}5Ú, /fk|kf g]kfnsf cWoIf tyf
pkk|wfg tyf k//fi6«dGqL sdn yfkf lgs6 Ps g]tfn] eg], …Pdfn]n] ;xdlt tf]8\of]
eg] u7aGwgd} b/f/ pTkGg x'g ;S5 .Ú
pgn] cfkm"x? cem}+ klg Pdfn]n] ;xdlt kfngf u/f];\
eGg] kIfdf /x]sf] eGb} u7aGwgdf b/f/ pTkGg x'g] kl/l:ylt Pdfn]n] pTkGg gug]{
ljZjf; JoQm u/] .
k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] :yfgLo;lxtsf /Iff, ;~rf/, cy{, :jf:Yo,
;x/L ljsf; / ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s pooog dGqfno Pdfn]n] /fv]/ dlGqd08n
lj:tf/ ug]{ tof/L u/]kl5 /fk|kf g]kfnn]
c;Gt'i6L hgfpb} ;Qf u7aGwgg}
tf]8\g];FDdsf] r]tfjgL lbPsf] xf] .
;/sf/df /fk|kf
g]kfnaf6 yfkf / /fds'df/ ;'Aaf dGqL ePsf 5g\ eg] p;n] efudf kfpg] k/]sf] Ps
dGqL tyf /fHodGqL lgo'lQm ug{
afFsL 5
e§/fO{sf
;dy{sn] Pdfcf]jfbL 5f8]
afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ g]tfx?n]
Pdfcf]jfbLaf6 cfkm"x? cnu ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . e§/fO{ lgjf; ;fg]kfdf
;f]daf/ lbge/sf] a}7skl5 pgLx?n] To:tf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ .
pgLx?n] d+unaf/ Pdfcf]jfbL s]G›Lo sfof{nodf cfkm"x?
;f] kf6L{af6 cnu ePsf] 3f]if0ff;lxtsf] ;fd"lxs kq a'emfpg] lgwf] u/]sf 5g\
.
gofF zlQm cleofgsf gfdaf6 ;+u7g lj:tf/ u/]/ b'O{ dlxgfkl5
dfq} gofF kf6L{ 3f]if0ff ug]{ tof/L ug{ nfluPsf] g]tf s'df/ kf}8]nn] atfP . %)
hgfeGbf a9Ln] Pdfcf]jfbLaf6 cnu ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ hfgsf/L klg kf}8]nn] lbP .
e§/fO{nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ Pdfcf]jfbLsf s]G›Lo ;b:o, k"j{
s]G›Lo ;b:o / ;Nnfxfsf/x? ;xefuL a}7sn] k'/fgf] kf6L{af6 ;DaGw ljR5]b u/L gofF
zlQm cleofg d'n'se/ ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] g]tf kf}8]nn] atfP . pgsf cg';f/
b'O{ dlxgf leq} gofF kf6L{ u7g x'g]5 .
e§/fO{sf] ;dy{gdf
/xFb} cfPsf g]tfx? b]j]G› kf}8]n, lxl;nf odL, gj/fh ;'j]bL, /fdrG› emf, jfdb]j
If]qL, dx]G› kf;jfg, eQmaxfb'/ zfx, u+uf >]i7, s'df/ kf}8]n, /fdl/emg ofbj,
k|e' ;fx, nLnaxfb'/ yfkf, /fds'df/ zdf{, gGbg bQ, anfjtL zdf{, b]jL v8\sf, nLnf
e08f/L, s0f{Wjh s];L, s[i0f zdf{, lvdnfn b]jsf]6f, sNkgf wdnf, b]j]G› k/fh'nL,
3gZofd ofbj, pk]G› ;fx, lrgs s'dL{, ;'zLnf >LkfOnL, ;f]gfdl;+x :ofª\tfg,
/fh]G› ls/fFtLnufotn] d+unaf/ Pdfcf]jfbL s]G›Lo sfof{nodf ;+o'Qm ?kdf kf6L{sf]
cg'zf;gdf ga:g] 3f]if0ff ;lxtsf] kq a'emfpFb}5g\ .
sf+u|];
g]tfaLr cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k
g]kfnL sf+u|];sf zLif{ g]tfx¿n] k|wfgdGqL;lxt
kf6L{n] k|d'v kb u'dfPsf]df uNtL :jLsf/ ug{'sf] ;f6f] Ps csf{nfO{ bf]if b]vfP/
klG5Psf 5g\ .
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ePkl5 pkTkGg kl/l:yltsf] ;dLIff ug{
cfOtaf/af6 ;'? ePsf] s]G›Lo ;ldlt a}7sdf ;f]daf/ ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnf, jl/i7
g]tf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, pk;efklt /fdrG› kf}8]nn] k|wfgdGqL pDd]bjf/Lsf] arfp
u/]sf x'g\ .
k|wfgdGqLdf pDd]bjf/L
lbg'sf] :ki6 sf/0f pNn]v gu/] klg pgLx?n] Ps–csf{nfO{ cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ .
;efklt sf]O/fnfn] ;Qf ;fem]bf/ Pdfn]n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg / k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f
u7gdf c;xof]u u/]s} sf/0f kf6L{n] pDd]bjf/L lbg'k/]sf] atfP . nf]stGqdf xf/ /
lht x'g] eGb} pgn] To;nfO{ cGoyf lng gx'g] ts{ u/] .
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
kfFr :jf:Yo ;+:yf yk
8f]6L lhNnfdf o; cfly{s aif{df % cf]6f :jf:Yo
;+:yf yk x'g] ePsf 5g . :jf:Yo kx'Frsf] If]qdf las6 /x]sf 7fpFdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf
yk ePsf] lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no 8f]6Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
lhNnfdf ltg cf]6f ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo O{sfO{ s]Gb| / b'O{
cf]6f gu/ :jf:Yo s]Gb| yk ul/Psf] xf] . ;fd'bflos O{sfO{ s]Gb|x?df l;drf}/
ufla; @ sf] sf6}, 3f+un ufla; –% sf] d'n]rf}/ / u8;]/f ufla;–# vt]8fdf / gu/
:jf:Yo s]Gb|df lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf –!$ kfs/L / lbkfondf yk ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no 8f]6Lsf
l;lgo;/ cx]j xl/if zfxfn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g .
88]Nw'/fdf
Nofj
;'b"/klZrd pkIf]qLo c:ktfn 88]Nw'/fdf
An8 sNr/ Nofj :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
;'b"/klZrdd}
klxnf] k6s :Yffkgf ul/Psf] Nofjn] ljleGg /f]ux?df cf}ifwLsf] k|of]usf] af/]df
hfgsf/L lbg] Nofj k|d'v O{Zj/L e';fnn] hfgsf/L lbP . If]qLo :jf:yo
lgb]{zgfnosf] ;xof]udf :yfkgf ul/Psf] NofjnfO{ lb3{sflng ?kdf ;~rfng ug{sf nfuL
cfkm' nfuL kg]{ pkIf]qLo c:ktfnsf cWoIf nId0f l;+xn] atfP . ;f]djf/ Ps
sfo{qmdsfljr ljz]if1 8fS6/ ;lxtsf] An8 sNr/ Nofj cyf{t z'Id lhj lj1fg
k|of]uzfnfsf] pb\3f6g k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k]|d k|zfb n'O{6]n / If]qLo :jf:Yo
lgb]{zs k/z'/fd >]i7n] ;+o'Qm
?kdf u/] .
v]n ;dfrf/
Sofgsf] lgjf{rg
gug{ kl/ifb\sf] lgb]{zg
/fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\n] g]kfn lqms]6 ;+3
-Sofg_ sf] cf;Gg;fwf/0f;ef / lgjf{rg gug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 . kl/ifb\n] cfOtaf/
SofgnfO{ lgjf{rg gug{ kq sf6]sf] xf] . kl/ifb\n] ljwfg ljk/Lt tyf
cfkm"x¿sf] :jLs[lt glnPsf] sf/0f b]vfpFb} Sofgsf] r'gfj /f]Sg' k/]sf]
hgfPsf] 5 . Sofgn] @)–@! sflQ{sdf ;fwf/0f;ef / lgjf{rg ug]{ tof/L ub}{ 5 .
ut $–% c;f/df a;]sf] Sofgsf] ;fwf/0f;efn] e}/xjfdf
Sofgsf] ljwfg ;+zf]wg / lgjf{rg ug]{ ldlt tf]s]sf] lyof] . ;fwf/0f;efs} lg0f{o
cg';f/} lgjf{rg ug{ nfu]sf] Sofgsf dxf;lrj pQd sdf{rfo{n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
…xfdLn] c;f/df ;DkGg ;fwf/0f;efs} lg0f{ocg';f/ lgjf{rg ug{ nfu]sf xf}F,Ú
dxf;lrj sdf{rfo{n] eg], …lgodcg';f/ xfdLn] ;a} klqmof k'¥ofPsf 5f}F .Ú
kl/ifb\sf] kqdf Sofgn] ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ @! lbgleq
;"rgf glbPsf] elgPsf] 5 . t/, sdf{rfo{n] Sofgsf] ljwfgdf @! lbgsf]
;"rgf hf/L ug{'kg]{ pNn]v gePsf] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . …Sofgsf] ljwfgdf
;fwf/0f;ef / r'gfj x'g' @! lbgcl3 ;"rgf lgsfNg'kg]{ pNn]v 5}g, clxn];Dd
;fwf/0f;efs} lg0f{o cg';f/ r'gfj / ;fwf/0f;ef x'g] u/]sf] 5 .Ú sdf{rfo{n]
kl/ifb\nfO{ k6s–k6s cfkm"x¿sf] ;fwf/0f;ef / lgjf{rg;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbPsf]
atfPsf 5g\ .
kl/ifb\n] To;sf] hjfkm slxn} gk7fPsf] pgsf] egfO 5 .
…xfdLn] kl/ifb\nfO{ lgjf{rg;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyof}F, t/ kl/ifb\n] xfdLnfO{
a]jf:tf u¥of],Ú sdf{rfo{n] eg] .
Sofgsf dxf;lrj
sdf{rfo{n] Sofgleq /fhgLlt ug{sf nflu lgjf{rg /f]Sg lgb]{zg cfPsf] k|ltlqmof
lbPsf 5g\ . …xfdLn] ;a} tof/L k"/f ul/;s]sf lyof}F, PSsfl; kl/ifb\af6
lgjf{rg /f]Sg kq cfof] . Sofgleq lgof]lht ¿kdf /fhgLlt ug{ vf]lhPsf] h:tf]
nfu]sf] 5,Ú sdf{rfo{n] eg] . kl/ifb\n] r'gfj gug{ kq sf6]kl5 5nkmn u/L gofF sbd
rfNg] sdf{rfo{n] atfP .
kf/;sf]
sKtfgLdf 6f]nL 3f]if0ff
n P]h]G;L
ljZj lqms]6 lnu RoflDkog cGt/ut kk"jf
Go"lugL;Fusf] v]nsf kf/; v8\sfsf] sKtfgLdf !^ ;b:oLo g]kfnL 6f]nLsf]
3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 .
6f]nLdf ljqmd ;f]j / Ozf{b cxdb gofF cg';f/ 5g\ eg] ;'jf;
vs'/]n, g/]z a'9fo/ / d]xa'a cfndn] k'g/fudg u/]sf 5g\ .
1fg]G› dNn pksKtfg /x]sf] 6f]nLdf a;Gt /]UdL, zlQm uf}rg,
;fu/ k'g, clgn d08n, ;f]dkfn sfdL, s/0f s];L, dx]z If]qL, z/b e];jfs/, k[y'
af:sf]6f 5g\ . aGb k|lzIf0fdf /x]sf dWo] /fk]z k'nfdL du/sf ;fy} ;lGbk nfld5fg],
lblnk gfy, o1dfg s'dfn 6Lddf k/]gg\ . ljgf]b e08f/L, k|lbk P]/L, l;4fGt nf]xgL
/ e'jg sfsL{ eg] k|f/lDes 6f]nLdf g} k/]sf lyPgg\ .
g]kfnL 6f]nL ef]ln o"PO{ k|:yfg ug]{5 . e|d0fsf
qmddf g]kfnn] kfls:tfg;Fu jfg 8] v]Ng'sf ;fy} xªsª;Fu 6' 8] / cf]dfg;Fu Ps
lbjzLo v]n klg v]Ng]5 .
yk ;ft lbg y'gfdf /fVg cfb]z
ljz]if cbfnt sf7df08f}+n] Dofr lkmlS;ªsf]
cf/f]kdf kqmfp k/]sf km'6an v]nf8Lx?nfO{ yk ;ft lbg lx/f;tdf /fVg cfb]z lbPsf]
5 .
dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ sf7df8f}+n] Dofb yksf nflu cfOtaf/
cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fPsf] lyof] . /fHo lj?4sf] ck/fwdf d'4f btf{ u/]sf] k|x/Ln]
cg';Gwfgsf nflu eGb} cf7 lbg ;do dfu]sf] lyof] .
t/, ax;kl5 ljz]if
cbfntn] ;ft lbg ;do lbPsf] 5 .
rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg
sa•L;+u
hfpF lx+8 kf]v/f le8\b}
n lkmNdL va/
/fdafa' u'?ª lgb]lz{t …sa•L sa•LÚ / …hfpF lx8
kf]v/fÚ Ps}lbg k|bz{g x'g] ePsf 5g\ .
lgb]{zt zf]let a:g]tn] crfgs d+l;/ !! ut] lkmNd l/lnh
ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 …sa•L sa•LÚ / …hfpF lx8 kf]v/fÚsf] le8Gt lglZrt ePsf] xf]
.
zf]letn] cfˆgf] lkmNdn] bz{s tfGg] bfaL u/] . sa•L
sa•L;Fu} k|bz{g ubf{ cfˆgf] lkmNdsf] Aofkf/df km/s bfaL ;f]letn] u/]sf 5g\ .
pgsf] egfO{ cg';f/ oL b'a} lkmNdsf] bz{s km/s k5g\ .
clwsf+z ;'l6ª kf]v/fdf ul/Psfn] kf]v/fjf6 cfkm'nfO{
/fd|f] kmfO{bf x'g] bfaL u5{g\ ;f]let .
lgb]{zs ;f]let lkmNd l/lnh 3f]if0ff ug{ vlKk; dflgG5g\ .
hLjg n'O{6]n / /]vf yfkfsf] d'Vo e'ldsf /x]sf] hfpF lx+8 kf]v/fnfO{ uPsf]
;fpgd} l/lhn ug]{ 3f]if0ff ;f]letn] o;cl3 klg u/]sf lyP .
lg›fd} ( lsnf]ld6/ lxF8]kl5
sltko dflg;sf] lg›fd} lx8\g] afgL x'G5 . t/
Psb'O kfOnf lxF8]kl5 w]/} Ao'FlemG5g\ . o;nfO{ r'gf}lt lbFb} Ps o'jtL lg›fd} (
lsnf]ld6/ lxF8]sL l5g\ .
cd]l/sfsf] sf]nf]/f8f]sL !( jifL{of 6]n/ sDdn lg›fdf s]jn
k}bn dfq lxFl8gg\ pgn] a;sf] ofqf klg ul/g\ . clg cGTodf cfˆgf] sfsfsf] 3/ k'lug\
. /ftdf ;'t]sL 5f]/L PSsf;L x/fPkl5 pgsf afpcfdf 8/fP . t/ sfsfsf] 3/ k'u]sf] yfxf
kfPkl5 9'Ss eP . oL o'jtLsf] o:tf] /f]usf sf/0f k|x/Ln] zx/df cn6{ g} hf/L u/]/
pgsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
lg›fdf oltw]/} lxF8\g] tyf af]nrfn / cGo sfd ;d]t ug]{
6]n/n] Ao'FlemPkl5 eg] cfkm'n] lg›fdf u/]sf s'g}klg s'/f ;lDemFgg\ .
7un] k'ln;
rf}sL g} a]lrlbPkl5
n P]h]G;L
rf]/, 7u tyf ck/fwLnfO{ sf/jfxL ug{sf nflu
k'ln;n] rf}sLdf nu]/ y'Gb5 . t/ ha ck/fwLn] k'ln; rf}sL g} a]lrlbG5, ta cj:yf
s] xf]nf < ;fFRrLs} sNkgf ug{ klg ufx|f] kg]{ / ;'Gb}df 8/nfUg] 36gf ePsf] 5
. 7un] k'ln; rf}sL g} a]lrlbPsf] 5 .
36gf ef/tsf] xf] . a}+unf]/l:yt sfdfIfLkfNof k'ln; :6]zg
7usf] sAhfdf k/]sf] xf] . s]xL 7ux? ldn]/ pQm k'ln; rf}sL a]lrlbPsf 5g\ . k'ln;
rf}sLsf] 3/ tyf hUuf 7ux?n] df]6f] /sd lnP/ a]r]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
k|x/LnfO{ cfˆgf] rf}sL a]lrPsf] cfly{s ;+s6sf] ;"rs
cfly{s ;+s6sf] ;"rs nfdf] ;dosf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfn] o;} klg lynlynf] ePsf]
xfd|f] b]zsf] cy{tGq )&@ nfu]kl5 bf]xf]/f] df/df k/]sf] 5 . klxnf] df/ !@
j}zfvsf] e"sDksf] lyof], h;n] cy{tGqnfO{ Ps dlxgf;Dd lzlyn agfof] .
;/sf/n] k'glg{df{0fsf]
sfd tLj| kfnf{, k"jf{wf/sf If]q / kfl/jfl/s cfjf;sf] lgdf{0fdf ;d]t
k'FhLut nufgLsf] cf]O/f] nfUnf / cy{tGq rnfodfg xf]nf eg]/ w]/} cfzf ul/Psf]
klg lyof] . t/, ;/sf/ /fhgLlts 3grSs/ af6 aflx/ lg:sg} ;s]g . clxn];Dd klg
e'OFrfnf]n] Wj:t ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] k'lglg{df{0f of gjlgdf{0fsf nflu ;/sf/n] Ps
;'sf] nufgL ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
n]v
Pdfn]–Pdfcf]jfbL
Pstfsf] ;Defjgf
Pdfn] cWoIf s]kL cf]nLsf] k|wfgdGqLTjdf
jt{dfg ;/sf/ u7g eP;Fu} b]zsf b'O{ 7"nf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ Pdfn] / Pdfcf]jfbL
k+lQmdf pT;fx 5fPsf] 5 . b'j} kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ of] ;dLs/0fn] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nfO{
glhs Nofpg] / la:tf/} Pp6} …sDo'lg:6 s]G›Ú lgdf{0f x'g] ;kgf b]Vg yfn]sf 5g\ .
Pdfn], Pdfcf]jfbLdf dfq xf]Og, hgdf]rf{, dfn], g]skf ;+o'Qm, g]dlskfh:tf
kf6L{x¿sf] ;d]t ;/sf/df ;xeflutf / ;dy{g ePkl5 …sDo'lg:6 s]G›Ú sf] cjwf/0ff cem
a9L ;xhLs/0f x'g] ck]Iff klg ul/Fb} 5 .
tTsfnsf nflu o:tf] ;f]r ;kgfh:tf] k|tLt ePklg snfGt/df
c;Dej dfGg ;lsGg . nfdf] cjlw lgs} k]lrnf] cGt;{+3if{af6 u'lh|Psf] cf]nL–k|r08
;DaGwdf cfPsf] abnfj sltkosf nflu cfZro{hgs ePklg /fhgLltsf] ultzLn cfofd
a'‰g]nfO{ of] Tolt cfZro{hgs ljifo xf]Og, hlt dflgFb} 5 . clnslt w}o{ dfq
x'g'k5{, /fhgLltsf] d}bfgdf cg]sg pN6f;Lwf v]n / b[Zox¿ b]vf k5{g\ .
cf]nL–k|r08 u7aGwg j:t'tM lgs} gf6sLo u7aGwg xf], tyflk /fhgLltsf] /+ud~rn]
clxn]nfO{ oxL …8«fdfÚ dfu u/]sf] lyof] .
clxn]sf] u7aGwgdf sdn yfkf, ljho uR5bf/b]lv ljZj]G› kf;jfg;Dd
cg]sg kfq / k|j[lQ PsLs[t ePsf 5g\ . tyflk o;sf] d"n rl/q cf]nL–k|r08
u7aGwg g} xf] . cf]nL–k|r08 u7aGwgsf] ulx/fO Pdfn]–Pdfcf]jfbL, b'O{ kf6L{
u7aGwgsf] ;fdfGo rl/qeGbf Ot/ 5,
t;y{ o;nfO{ lgs} hl6n k|sf/sf] …dgf]j}1flgs ;dLs/0fÚ dfGg ;lsG5 . s'g} ;dosf]
3f]lift …k|r08kyÚ / c3f]lift …cf]nLkGyÚ, b'O{ km/s–km/s ;f]r, b[li6sf]0f / z}nL
Oltxf;sf] cToGt} hl6n df]8df cGt3{'lnt x'g] k|of; ub}{ 5g\ . o;sf] cfGtl/s
/;fog …sDo'lg:6 s]G›Ú lgdf{0fsf] l/x;{n ug{' xf] eg] Tof] g/fd|f] kSs} xf]Og .
/;fog zf:qdf c3'ngzLn kbfy{aLrsf] cGt3{'ng ;Dej gePklg
/fhgLlt zf:qdf Tof] c;Dej 5}g . /fhgLlt zf:qdf ;a} kbfy{ Pscsf{df 3'ngzLn
x'G5g\ . t/, To;sf] Pp6f vf; ;Gbe{ jf P]ltxfl;stf dfq x'g'k5{ . em§ x]bf{
c;Dejem}F o; u7aGwgn] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf km/s cfs[lt / lj:kmf]6 lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5
eGg] k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5 . To;n] y'k|} ;'vb jf b'Mvb kl/0ffd lgDTofpg ;Sg]5 .
To:t} Pp6f ;'vb kl/sNkgf xf], …sDo'lg:6 s]G›Ú .
g]kfnL /fhgLltdf lat]sf b'O{ bzs Pdfn] cWoIf s]kL cf]nL /
Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08sf] ;DaGw 7Ls ljk/Lt „'jh:tf] lyof] . o; ;DaGwnfO{
Pdfn]–Pdfcf]jfbL ;DaGwsf] ;Ldfleqaf6 dfq x]g{ g;lsg'sf y'k|} b[i6fGt 5g\ .
hltv]/ k|r08 g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/df jfdb]j uf}td pkk|wfdGqLsf ¿kdf ;fd]n lyP,
Pdfn]–dfcf]jfbL ;DaGwsf] cfwf/ km/s lyof] / cf]nL–k|r08 ;DaGwsf cfwf/ km/s lyP
. 3f]lift ¿kdf Pdfn] Pdfcf]jfbL;Fu ;xsfo{df /xFbf klg cf]nL s'g} g s'g} lx;fan]
To;sf lj?4df x'Gy] . ?Sdf+ub s6jfn k|s/0fdf tTsfnLg Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy vgfnsf]
k|r08nfO{ ;dy{g lyof] . t/, cf]nLsf] lj/f]wn] ofjt\ kl/b[ZonfO{ km/s agfOlbof]
.
t'?Gt} csf]{ 3'DtL cfof] . tTsfnLg Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy
vgfnsf] cWoIftfdf Pdfcf]jfbL;d]t ;lDdlnt ;/sf/ aGof] . Toltv]/ klg
Pdfn]–Pdfcf]jfbL u7aGwgsf sf]0f km/s lyP . cf]nL–k|r08 ;DaGwsf sf]0f km/s lyP .
Tof] ;/sf/ olb b'O{ kf6L{aLrsf] ;/sf/
dfq x'GYof], aLrdf …cf]nL ˆofS6/Ú x'Fb}gYof] eg] ;fob g ?Sdf+ut s6jfn k|s/0fdf
k|r08n] /fhLgfdf lbg'kYof]{, g g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] sf];{ g} cfhsf] h:tf] x'GYof]
.
s6jfnnfO{ avf{:t ug]{ ;xdlt lbP/ rLglt/ nfu]sf kf6L{
cWoIf vgfn gkmls{+b} b]zleq h'g lvr8L kfSof], To;n] …cf]nL s]G›Ú Pdfn]sf] ;fdfGo
kf6L{ zlQmeGbf km/s zlQms]G› xf] eGg] k'li6 eO;s]sf] lyof] . cyf{t\
Pdfn]–Pdfcf]jfbL ;DaGw km/s s'/f xf] / cf]nL–k|r08 ;DaGw km/s xf] eGg] k'li6
eO;s]sf] lyof] . ha;Dd cf]nL–k|r08 ;DaGwdf ;'wf/ cfPg, ta;Dd Pdfn]–Pdfcf]jfbL
;DaGwsf] vf;} t's b]lvPg . emngfy vgfn t kl5;Dd klg dlng :j/df eGy], …Tof]
s'Voft hg]{nnfO{ avf{:t ug]{ ;xdlt lbPafkt dnfO{ s'g} kZrftfk 5}g .Ú t/, pgsf]
of] dlng cfu|x ;fdfGo cfTd/IffeGbf a9L s'g} sfdofj c:q x'g ;Dej lyPg . ctM
…k|r08kyÚ / …cf]nLkGyÚ aLrsf] k|]d3[0ffsf] ;DaGw Pdfn]–Pdfcf]jfbL b'O{ kf6L{
;DaGwsf] ;LdfeGbf cem a9L lj:t[lt ePsf] Pp6f ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] …cxd\ ;+3if{Ú xf]
.
dgf]j}1flgs ljZn]if0f k4ltdf …cxd\ ;+3if{Ú cl:tTj eoaf6
l;lh{t x'G5 . Tof] klg tL dflg;aLr, h;sf] Pp6} …:k];Ú x'G5 . km/s–km/s :k];
ePsfx¿n] Pscsf{af6 cl:tTj eosf] cg'e"lt ug{'kb}{g . tL cf–cfˆgf 7fpFdf
cfcfˆgf :jTj;lxt cl:tTjjfg\ eO/xg
;S5g\ . To:tf zlQmaLr /rgfTds k|lt:kwf{ a9L / s6'tf sd x'G5 . …emfkf lj›f]xÚ
gfdsf] ;;fgf] …hgo'4Ú af6 :yflkt cf]nL / …hgo'4Ú gfdsf] lgs} 7"nf] …/f]Nkf
lj›f]xÚ af6 :yflkt k|r08sf] ;}4flGts cfwf/ / cl:tTjsf] :k]; Pp6} lyof] . cf]nL
k|wfgdGqL ePsf ;Gbe{df clwsf+z ljb]zL klqsfn] pgnfO{ e"k" dfcf]jfbL
g]tfsf ¿kdf lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . oL b'j} g]tf hLjgsf] k"jf{w{df …dfcf]jfbL
;f+:s[lts qmflGtÚ df ljZjf; uy]{ / g]kfnnfO{ PsbnLo ;fDojfbL clwgfosjfbdf
cfwfl/t …;+o'Qm hgjfbL clwgfosTjÚ ePsf] b]z agfpg rfxGy] .
hLjgsf] pQ/fw{df b'j}n] l;Sb} yfSb} / cfkm"nfO{
abNb} uP . ;+;bLo nf]stGqnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ uP . Tof] klg nf]stGqsf] /rgfTds
k|f¿k ljsf; gu/Lsg} cfwf/e"t ¿kdf a]nfotL df]8]nsf] ;+;b\jfbnfO{ :jLsfb}{
uP . cfh pgLx¿sf nflu …;fDojfbÚ eGbf a9L …nf]stGqÚ dxTjk"0f{ zAb aGg
k'Uof] . …sDo'lg:6Ú 6«]8dfs{df ;+;bLo k|0ffnLleqsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ bnsf]
:yfg s;n] cf]u6\g] eGg] k|Zgdf cfP/ pgLx¿sf] …Ouf]Ú s]G›Ls[t aGg k'Uof] . g]kfndf
sf+u|];afx]s ;+;bLo cEof;df alnof] :yfg k|dfl0ft ug{;Sg] csf]{ nf]stflGqs bn
5}g . Tof] 7fpF k/Dk/fut dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL wf/af6 :vlnt, zAbdf …sDo'lg:6Ú /
Jojxf/df …;fdflhs hgjfbLÚ bnx¿n] lng' :jfefljs x'GYof] . To;}sf nflu oL b'O{
g]tf Pscsf{lj?4 hLjgd/0fsf] n8fOF nl8/x]sf lyP .
;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg Ps / b'O{sf km/s–km/s lgjf{rg
kl/0ffdn] b'j} g]tfsf s'07f / ;Gt'li6nfO{ t'i6Ls/0f ul/lbP . klxnf]
;+ljwfg;efdf cf]nL xf/], Pdfn] t];|f] eof] . bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;efdf k|r08 xf/],
Pdfcf]jfbL t];|f] eof] . b'j}n] xf/sf] kL8f klg ef]u], b'j}n] ljhosf] v'zL klg
ef]u] . g]kfnL hgtfn] b'j}nfO{ cj;/ klg lbP, b'j}nfO{ ;hfo klg lbP .
bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgn] cf]nLsf] …/IffTds cx+Ú nfO{
s]xL lbg;Dd …cfqmfds cx+Údf kl/0ft ul/lbof] . t/, oL b'j} cj:yfdf sf+u|];sf]
e"ldsfsf] k|efj afFsL g} lyof] . Pdfcf]jfbL;Fu xfbf{ xf];\ jf
Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ lhTbf, oL b'j} cj:yfdf Pdfn] klxnf] kf6L{ jf sf+u|];eGbf
7"nf] kf6L{sf ¿kdf cfpg ;s]g . sl/a &) jif{ nfdf] Oltxf;df nf]slk|o
dtsf lx;fan] slxNo} klxnf] kf6L{ x'g g;Sg' / l;6sf lx;fan] slxNo} ax'dt xfl;n
ug{ g;Sg' Pdfn] b'ef{Uosf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k|df0f xf] . of] oyfy{n] cf]nLsf]
dgf]lj1fgdf k|r08k|ltsf k|ltzf]wsf efjgf lzlyn x'Fb} uO/x]sf lyP . s'g} vf;
laGb'df k'u]/ pgL sf+u|];k|lt cfqmfds x'g}kYof]{ . /fhgLlt x'G5 g} o:t} . of]
s'g} bofn' v]n xf]Og .
e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] h;;lxt
cfufdL lgjf{rg cfˆgf] g]t[Tjdf u/fpg] xf] eg] Pdfn]sf nflu alnof] cj;/ aGg ;S5
eGg] cf]nLdgsf] Ps s'gfdf 5 . csf]{ s'gfaf6 x]bf{ pgL hLjgdf Psk6s k|wfgdGqL
aGg] JolQmut wf]sf] k"/f ug{ klg plQs} b[9;+slNkt lyP . h;/L jfdb]j
uf}tdsf] ;xof]uljgf cf]nL Pdfn] ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tf jf kf6L{ cWoIf x'g ;Sb}gy],
To;}u/L cf]nLsf afFsL OR5f k"/f ug]{ Ifdtf k|r08afx]s c¿ sf]xL;Fu lyPg .
ltg} k|r08 cGttM cf]nLsf] /x/ k"/f ug{ afWo eP, hf] hLjgel/ Ps csf{sf hfgL
b'Zdgh:tf lyP .
of] ;dLs/0f aGg'sf] csf]{ kIf k|r08sf] dgf]lj1fg klg
lzlyn x'Fb} hfg' xf] . cf]nLk|ltsf] …/IffTds cx+ÚnfO{ sfod /fVg g;Sbf k|r08n]
cfˆgf] cx+ l:yltaf6 …:s]kÚ ul/lbPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngdf ePsf cg]sg km'6,
ljefhg / cGttM 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] alxu{dgkl5 k|r08n] cfˆgf] ;du| /fhgLlts
l:yltnfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ug{' :jfefljs x'GYof] . dw];L / hghflt;Fusf] ;xsfo{ /
cfGbf]ng vf;} kmnbfoL gb]lvPkl5 k|r08n] ;a} dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] Pstfsf] k|of;
u/], t/ Tof] klg ;kmn ePg . cGttM pgnfO{ cf]nL;Fusf] ;xsfo{ g} :jfefljs aGg
k'Uof] . cf]nL / k|r08 b'j} plQs} dxTjfsf+IfL k|tLt x'G5g\ . oL b'O{sf] Pstfn]
of] b]zsf] Oltxf;df km/s df]8 Nofpg ;S5 . t;y{, dgf]j}1flgs b[li6sf]0faf6 ca
Pdfn]–Pdfcf]jfbL Pstf c;Dej b]lvFb}g . cf]nL;Fusf] lgs6tfn] k|r08nfO{ lg/Gt/
dfgl;s bafa, tgfj / cl:tTj eosf] l:yltaf6 yf]/} ePklg d'lQm ldn]sf] 5 .
t/, ;+:yfut hl6ntf eg] 5Fb} 5g\ . Pdfn] / Pdfcf]jfbL,
b'O{ km/s :jefj ePsf ;+u7g x'g\ . oL b'O{ kf6L{sf sfo{stf{sf] /fhgLlts bz{g
Pp6} eP klg hLjg bz{g km/s 5 . Pdfn]df cGtkf{6L{ nf]stGq t'ngfTds ¿kdf ;+:yfut
x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . Pdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] kf6L{leqsf] nf]stGq la/n} cEof; ug{ kfPsf
5g\ . Pdfn] sfo{stf{ ;dfhsf ljleGg txdf leh]/ a;]sf 5g\ . Pdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{df
;fdflhsLs/0fsf] k|lqmof sdhf]/ 5 . t;y{ cf]nL–k|r08sf] dgf]j}1flgs ;d¿ktfn] dfq
Pdfn]–Pdfcf]jfbL Pstf ;Dej x'Fb}g . To;sf nflu gLltut tyf ;+:yfut k|of; klg
cfjZos x'G5 .
;}4flGts lx;fan] oL b'O{ kf6L{aLrsf] b"/L lg/Gt/ 3l6/x]sf]
5 . b'j} kf6L{n] k'FhLjfbL–hgjfbL qmflGtsf] o'u k"/f ePsf] lgisif{
lgsfn]sf 5g\ . b'j}n] b]z ca cw{–;fdGtL / cw{–cf}klgj]lzs g/x]sf] lgisif{
lgsfn]sf 5g\ . b'j}n] tTsfnnfO{ ;z:q ;+3if{sf] cfjZostf g/x]sf] / ;+3if{sf]
d'Vo ¿k zflGtk"0f{ / j}wflgs x'g] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . b'j}n] casf]
g]kfndf ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] o'u k|f/De ePsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . b'j} kf6L{df
n]lggjfb, dfcf]jfbh:tf dfu{bz{s l;4fGt c;fGble{s x'Fb} uPsf] ax; 5 . b'j} kf6L{
e]guf8{ ;+u7gsf] d'8df 5}gg\ . cw{–;fdGtL / cw{–cf}klgj]lzs b]zsf] qmflGtsf]
sfo{qmd elgPsf …k|r08kyÚ / …hahÚ b'j}sf] dxTj / ;fGble{stf cf]em]n kg{ yfn]sf]
5 . ax; gofF d'2flt/ s]lG›t x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . ljsf;, ;d[l4, ;dGofo / ;'zf;g gofF
d'2fsf ¿kdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . gofF ;+ljwfg;Fu} /fhgLlts „'jLs[t x'g] ;Defjgf klg 5
.
oL ;a} kl/l:yltnfO{ x]bf{ Pdfn], Pdfcf]jfbL Pstf ;Dej 5 .
pgLx¿ b'j}n] cf–cfˆgf k'R5/ x6fP/ kf6L{sf] gfd …g]skfÚ dfq /fVg ;S5g\ /
dfu{bz{s l;4fGt klg …dfS;{jfbÚ nfO{ dfq dfGg ;S5g\ . cf]nLnfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf ¿kdf
lg/Gt/tf lbg], Pstfkl5sf] kf6L{sf] dxflwj]zg gx'Gh]n;Dd Ps sfo{sfn kf6L{ cWoIf
k|r08nfO{ lbg Pdfn] k+lQm ;xdt x'g] xf] eg] g]kfndf )!( ;fnkl5 lr/flr/f ePsf]
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ k'gZr Pp6} s]G›df ;d]l6g ;Sg] o'udf cfOk'u]sf] 5 .
gofF klqsf
b}lgsjf6
cGt/jftf{
g]kfnn]
P6d ad agfPsf] xf]Og, ;+ljwfg agfpFbf ef/tnfO{ s] sf] cfklQ <
cfgGb:j?k adf{ -ef/tLo kqsf/ _
cfgGb:j?k adf{, Ps
jfdkGyL ljrf/nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ ef/tLo kqsf/sf ?kdf lrlgG5g\ . g]kfnsf] x/]s
/fhgLlts 36gfqmdnfO{ pgn] glhsaf6 lgofn]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L
x'Fbf pgL sf7df08f}+d} lyP . gofF ;+ljwfg hf/Lb]lv ef/tsf] c;Gt'li6sf ljifodf
adf{n] l8:sj/L Go'h g]6js{ -l8PgPg_ /ftf]kf6Lsf nflu g]q kGyL / ljwfg >]i7;Fu s'/fsfgL
u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4b]lv ;+ljwfg;ef;Dd ;a} 36gfqmdnfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNg'
ePsf] 5 .
Ps u}/g]kfnL kqsf/sf] cfFvfaf6 x]bf{ g]kfndf
hf/L ;+ljwfg s:tf] b]lvG5 <
g]kfndf h'g gofF ;+ljwfg cfPsf] 5, of] ce"tk"j{
5 . lsgls klxnf o:tf] ;+ljwfg g} lyPg . g]kfnsf hgtf dfq geP/ k"/} blIf0f
Pl;ofdf of] klxnf] ;+ljwfg xf], h;nfO{ ;Lw} hgtfsf k|ltlglw uP/ jgfP . clxn];Dd
ag]sf ;a} ;+ljwfg s'g} cfof]u, jf s]xL ;Lldt JolQmn] agfpg] u/]sf lyP . of] t
Ps lgjf{lrt ;+:yf ;+ljwfg;efaf6 cfPsf] 5 . ;xL cy{df of] hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg xf] .
olb klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] eP cem} k|ultzLn aGg ;SYof] .
lsgls, klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efdf dfcf]jfbL klxnf] zlQm lyof], clxn] t];|f] 5 . To;}n]
dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf w]/} d'2f k"/f x'g ;s]gg\ . o;sf afah'b ;du|df ;+ljwfg
/fd|f] 5 .
tkfO{+ Ps ef/tLo kqsf/ o;f] eGg'x'G5, t/ lbNnLn] eg]
7"n} cfklQ hgfPsf] 5 . lsg ef/tsf] ;+:yfkg kIfn] g;s]sf] xf]nf <
s'/f ;Gt'i6 jf c;Gt'i6sf] 5}g . lbNnLsf] k|ltlqmofn]
vt/gfs ;+s]t lbPsf] 5 . k"/} k|lqmofdf x]g]{ xf] eg] ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff
eGbf Ps lbgcl3 ljb]z;lrj hoz+s/ cfPsf 5g\ . pgn] g]tfx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg /f]Sg cfu|x
u/] . g]tfx¿n] /f]Sb}gf}F eg]kl5 ?i6 eP . pgsf] a8L Nof+Uj]h / cGo s'/fn]
b]vfPsf] lyof] ls pgn] wDsL el/Psf] r]tfjgL lbPsf lyP . ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 To;}
/flt lj1lKt cfof], h;df ;+ljwfgsf] :jfut t ul/of], t/ aLrdf JoQm ul/Psf s'/f
x]bf{ ;xh 5}gg\ . ;Ldfdf dw];L hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ePg jf pgLx¿sf] dfu k"/f
gx'Fbf ;Ldfdf tgfj b]lvof] eGg] lj1lKtdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . csf]{ lj1lKt /fhb"t
/lGht /] lbNnL uPkl5 cfPsf] 5 . Tof] plQs} vt/gfs 5 . of] ;a} s'/f x]bf{ xfdLn]
eGbfeGb} klg g]kfnsf bnx¿n] ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff /f]s]gg\ eGg vf]h]sf]h:tf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . ef/tn] Ouf] /fv]sf]h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 . t/, s'g} klg b]zn] csf]{
b]zn] cfkm"n] eg]h:tf] ;a} dfGg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf /fVg' /fd|f] xf]Og . df]bL
k|wfgdGqL ag]kl5 pgsf] g]kfnk|lt k|]d w]/} 5 h:tf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . pgn] ;+;b\,
kz'kltgfy dlGb/ / hfgsL dlGb/df g]kfnk|ltsf] k|]d k|bz{g u/] . t/, pgL;Fu
hf]l8Psf lxGb" ;+u7gsf JolQmx¿n] af/Daf/ oxL aofg bf]xf]¥ofO/x]sf lyP ls
g]kfn lxGb"/fi6« x'g'k5{ . /fhgfy l;+xn] u[xdGqL x'gcl3 g} lxGb"/fi6«
aGof] eg] dnfO{ v';L nfU5 eg]sf lyP . /fli6«o :jo+;]js ;+3sf] e|ft[;+:yf ljZj
lxGb" kl/ifb\ df]bL /fli6«o :jo+;]js ;+3sf k|rf/s /x] . ljZj lxGb"
kl/ifb\sf czf]s l;+3n 1fg]G›nfO{ lxGb"sf] ;d|f6 atfpFb} cfPsf lyP . o:tf]
l:yltdf pgLx¿ g]kfn lxGb" /fi6« xf];\ eGg] rfxGy] . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf
dw];nfO{ axfgf dfq} agfOPsf] xf] .
df]bLkl5 klg ef/tLo dfgl;stfdf kl/jt{g gcfPsf] xf] <
/fhLj ufGwL k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf ;g\ !(*( df gfsfaGbL u/]sf
lyP . Tolta]nf g l6\j6/, g km];a's g t olt w]/} j]a;fO6 jf Anu g} lyP . cfh
h;/L pgLx¿n] gfsf nufPsf] s'/f aflx/ cfof], k"/} b'lgofFdf x+ufdf eof] .
l6\j6/df OlG8of Aofs ckm eGg] eof] . cfhsf] lbgdf gfsfaGbLsf] sbd p7fOG5 eg]
;xh x'Fb}g ef/ts} nflu . g]kfnn] s] u/]sf] 5 < ;+ljwfg agfPsf] g xf] . P6d
ad t agfPsf] xf]Og Û lsg gfsfaGbL ug{'k¥of] < hgo'4 ;g\ !((^ df ;'? ePkl5
dw];df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . To;cl3 hghflt / dw];L tyf dlxnf / blntsf] l:ylt x'g',
pgLx¿sf] l:yltdf ;g\ @))^ ;Dd u'0ffTds kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] lyof] . cGtl/d ;/sf/ /
cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf dw];Lsf] cfsf+IffnfO{ 7fpF ldn]sf] lyof], dfcf]jfbLsf sf/0f .
pgLx¿sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg g} gul/Psf] eGg ldNb}g . t/, clxn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf s;/L
pgLx¿nfO{ 7fpF lbg] eGg] ;DaGwdf u[xsfo{ 7"nf bnn] Tolt ug{ ;s]gg\ .
dfcf]jfbLn] ;fob ;+VofTds ¿kdf ;+ljwfg;efdf ;fgf] ePsf sf/0f ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]g
jf nfk/afxL u¥of] . t/, oxfFsf] g]t[Tjn] gu/] s;n] u5{ < ef/tn] s;/L u5{,
dw];Lsf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg < s] ef/tLo d"nsf dflg; ePs} e/df ef/tn] g]kfn
;fdfGotM b'O{ b]zaLrsf s"6gLlts ;+jfb aGb sf]7fdf
x'g'kg]{ lyof], t/ clxn] ;fj{hlgs;efdfkm{t g]kfnsf g]tfn] ef/tlj?4 cfqmf]z
kf]Vg] sfd ePsf] 5, of] cj:yf s;/L cfof] h:tf] nfU5 <
sf]7fdf x'g'kg]{ s'/f v'nf 7fpFdf lsg eof] eGg]
dxTjk"0f{ xf] . ha /fs]z ;'bn] cf]nlDks pb\3f6gsf a]nf /fi6«klt 8f=
/fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ rLg ghfp eg] / ofbjn] dfg]kl5 ;'bn] of] s'/f ;fj{hlgs u/] .
xfdLn] eg]kl5 pgL uPgg\ eg] . To;kl5 k|r08 ;dfkg ;df/f]xdf uP . To;cl3 klg
/fs]z ;'bn] k|r08nfO{ eg]sf lyP . t/, olb k|r08n] klg hfGg eg]sf] eP, To;nfO{
klg /fs]z ;'bn] ;fj{hlgs uy]{ . To:tf] cj:yfdf k|r08sf] l:ylt s] x'GYof] <
sf]7fdf x'g'kg]{ s'/f ef/tn] g} ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . s'g} b]zsf /fi6«kltnfO{ Ps
/fhb"t hf] k|zf;s xf], hgtfsf] ;]js sd{rf/L xf], p;n] cfb]z lbg] / To:tf]
s'/f ;fj{hlgs ug]{ < v'n]/ o;/L x:tIf]k ef/tn] g} ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
s"6gLlt sf]7fleq x'g] s'/f xf] . t/, hoz+s/ cfpg]–hfg] / pgn] u/]sf] jftf{
;a} ;fj{hlgs eof] . of] s'/fnfO{ b'j} kIfn] d]G6]g ug{'k5{ . t/, o:tf] s'/f
ef/taf6} ;fj{hlgs ul/G5 .
df]bL ;/sf/n] ca g]kfnnfO{ x]g]{ ljifodf k'glj{rf/ ug{
cfjZos dfG5 ls dfGb}g xf]nf <
g]kfnn] cfkm"nfO{ s;/L k|:t't u5{, To;df e/ k5{ .
cfˆgf] ;Dk|e'tf, cfˆgf] :jfwLgtf / c8fgnfO{ g]kfnn] s;/L k|:t't u5{ eGg]df e/
k5{ . ef/tn] t cfˆgf] tkm{af6 ug{ ;Sg] u/]s} 5 . h:tf], oxfF cfP/ ;+ljwfg hf/L
gug{';\ eGg], s;/L cfof] o:tf] lxDdt < g]kfnsf hgtf / oxfFsf g]tfx¿aLr /fli6«o
d'2fdf Pp6f ;xdlt / Pstf aGof] eg] g ef/tn] s]xL ug{ ;S5, g t cd]l/sfn] g} .
dfcf]jfbL s]jn k|r08, ljKnj, afa'/fd, j}B dfq} xf]OgGf\ hgtfsf] lj›f]xsf]
tkm{af6 gx]/L hgtfsf] 7fpFaf6 x]g]{ xf] . s]xL kf6L{ o:tf lyP, hf] /fhtGq ;dfKt
ug{ rfxFb}gy] . t/, hgtfsf] bafa cfof] ls s/0fl;+x cfP/ / ;Demf}tf ug{ g;s]/
kmls{P, @))^ df . hgtfsf] bafa lyof], cd]l/sf / ef/t klg /fhtGq ;dfKt xf];\
eGg] rfxGgy] . oxfFsf] k'/fgf] kf6L{ sf+u|]; klg t /fhtGq ;dfKt xf];\ eGg]
rfxFb}gYof] . t/ klg /fhtGq ;dfKt eof], hgtfsf] bafadf .
dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf ljifodf glhsaf6 hfGg'ePsf] 5, y'k|}
lstfa n]Vg'ePsf] 5, dfcf]jfbLn] hgo'4sf bf}/fgdf p7fPsf wdl{\g/k]Iftf, ;dfj]zL,
;dfg'kflts, u0ftGqnufot y'k|} d'2f ;+:yfut eO;s]sf 5g\ . cfkm"n] p7fPsf
d'2f ;Daf]wg eO;s]kl5 dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] eljio s:tf] xf]nf, tkfO{+nfO{ s]
nfU5 <
g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{sf] dfs{l;6 Psflt/ 5, To;af6 d laNs'n ;Gt'i6 5}g . logLx¿sf] Ph]G8f olt
alnof lyP, h;sf/0f logLx¿ sfod 5g\ . hgtfn] pgLx¿sf] Ph]G8f :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ .
afFsL pgLx¿n] olt w]/} sdhf]/L u/], h;sf/0f ;+;b\df pgLx¿ t];|f] :yfgdf 5g\ .
;+;b\aflx/ ls/0f, ls/0faf6 cnu eP/ ljKnj / c¿ y'k|} ;d"x v8f ePsf 5g\ .
o:tf] ultljlwn] kf6L{ lgs} sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . hf] cnu eP, pgLx¿n] s]xL u/]sf] eP
cnu x'g'sf] cy{ /xGYof] . t/ lsg cnu eOof] eGg] hjfkm cnu x'g] ;d"x;Fu klg
5}g . d"n kf6L{sf] g]tf k|r08 5g\ . /, d"n kf6L{n] ;]gf ;dfof]hg ubf{
h] u¥of], To;nfO{ klg 7"nf] u8a8L dfG5' d, h;n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sdhf]/
u/fof] . t/, k|r08n] dfq} of] u/]sf] eGg] klg
xf]Og . lg0f{o ;fd"lxs ePsf] lyof] .
/Ë gDj/
>[ª\vnf–!)
cfO{taf/ laxfg 3/sf] aflx/L cfugdf 3fd tfKb} a;]sf] lyPF
. km];a's rnfpg dg nfUof] Nofa6a vf]n]F km];a'ssf] leQfdf x]/]F . w]/} ;fyLn]
gofF :6f6; n]v]sf lyP . ef/tn] u/]sf] gfsfaGbLsf la?4df ;fdflhs ;~rfhndf lta|
la/f]w ub}{ n]lvPsf :6f6; / pk/fi6«kltdf Pdfcf]jfbL g]tf gGbaxfb'/ k'gnfO{
awfO{ lbPsf :6f6;x? w]/} lyP .
ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLsf] g]kfndfyL gf+uf] x:tIf]k
ePsf] eGb} la|l6; pklga]zaf6 d'Qm x'g g;]sf] lrGtg eGb} la/f]w u/]sf lyP w]/}n]
. hgo'4sf ;kmn sdf08/ k'g pk/fi6«ktLdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dfcf]jfbL ;dy{s / cGo
s]xL ;fyLx? klg plQs} pT;fxLt ePsf] s'/f km];a'ssf leQfaf6 k|:6 x'GYof] .
km];a'sdf s]xL Dof;]hx? klg cfPsf lyP . gf]l6kmLs];gsf]
;+Vof w]/} lyof] s]–s] lyof] ;a} x]l/g . k|m]G8 l/Sj]:6df ltg n]lvP/ /f]tf]
l6lnSs 6lNsPsf] lyof] . cGo w]/} l/Sj]:6 k]lG8ªdf lyP . nuQ} cfPsf ltg
l/Sj]:6df lutf e08f/L, clgn ;fu/ / rfFbgL gfd u/]sf ;fyLx?n] k7fPsf /x]5g .
rfFbLgLsf] k5f8L y/ pNn]v u/]sf] lyPg .
ltg} hgfnfO{ sGkmd
u/]F . ;a} eGbf klnxf rfFbgLsf] k|f]kmfO{ x]/F . k|f]kmfon t:aL/df km'n
/flvPsf] lyof] . cGo ;d'b|, 8fF8fkfvf, d}bfg o:t} lyP t/ p:sf] cfkm\gf] s'g}
t:aL/ ToxfF e]l6Pg . s]xL a]/df p cgnfO{gdf b]lv .
;w}F p;}n] ;'? uly{ cfh d}n] g} ;'? u/]F_ xfO{ .
-t'?Gt} hjfkm cfof]_ xfO{ s] 5 .
;a} l7s} 5 .
clg ltd|f] s] 5 <
l7s} 5 .
l7s 5}g h:tf] 5 .
lsg < -cfZr{o AoQm ub}{_
km];a'sdf gfd klg k'/f /fv]sL 5}gf}F, kmf]6f] klg /fv]sL
5}gf}F lsg <
ptfjf6 l/KnfO{ x'g
gkfpFb} aQL uof] .
nf]s;]jf tof/Lsf nflu
pkof]uL
laifout k|Zgf]Q/ M
!= jfl0fHo gLlt @)&@ n] to u/]sf lgof{t
;Defjgfo'St j:t' tyf ;]jfx? s] s] x'g <
–jfl0fHo gLlt @)&@
n] to u/]sf lgof{t ;Defjgfo'St @^ j:t' tyf & cf]6f ;]jfx? /x]sf 5g h'g
lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .
j:t'x? M
!= cb'jf÷;'6f] @=
cn}rL #= pmgL tyf un}rf
$= cf}iflw, cf}iflwhGo hl8a'6L tyf ;f/o'St t]n %= skmL
^= sfk]{6 &=
Rofª\u|f klZdgf tyf /]zdhGo a:t'x?
*= lrgL (=
lrof !)= h'Ttf !!= 6]S;6fon
!@= t/sf/L, t/sf/L aLp
!#= tof/L rfprfp
!$= tof/L kf]zfs
!%= b'Uw pTkfbg !^= k|f]zf]lwt
5fnf
!&=
klZdgf !*= k'ik - km"n _ !(= kmnkm"n @)= kmnfd / O:kftsf a:t'x?
@!= dx @@=
bfn @#= l;d]G6 @$= ;'grfFbLsf uxgf tyf ax'd'No kTy/
@%= x:tsnsf a:Tx?
@^= xft] sfuh / ;f]sf] pTkfbg
;]jfx? M
!= OlGhlgol/Ë @=
hnljB't #= ko{6g $= lzIff
%= ;'rgf k|ljlw
tyf lalhg]; k|f];]; cfp6;f]l;{ª ( IT BPO )
^= :jf:Yo ;]jf
&= >d zlSt - bIf÷cw{bIf _
@= g]kfn o'—!( ;fkm RoflDkog @)!% af/] n]Vg'xf];\ .
–;g\ @)!% cui6 @)–@( ;Dd g]kfndf ;DkGg k|yd r/0fsf]
;+:s/0fsf] o"–!( ;fkm RoflDkog;Lk km'6ansf] pkflw g]kfnn] lht]sf] 5 .
–@@ aif{sf] pkflwljlxg ofqf cGTo ub}{ g]kfnL o'–!(
/fli6«o 6f]nLn] klxnf] blIf0f Pl;ofnL km'6an dxf;+3 -;fkm_ o'–!( RoflDkog;Lk
hLt]sf] xf] .
– lgwf{l/t ;dosf] v]n !–! sf] a/fa/Ldf ePkl5 k]gfN6L ;'6cfp6df
pkflwsf] l5gf]kmfgf] ul/Psf] lyof] .
– ;ftbf]jf6f] l:yt PGkmf sDKn]S;sf] d}bfgdf efb| !@ df
ef/tnfO{ 6fO{a|]s/df %–$ n] k/flht ub}{
g]kfnn] ;g\ !((# kl5s} klxnf] pkflw xft kf/]sf] xf] .
#= Go'htd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkg(MCPM @)&@ sf] k|ltj]bg af/]
;+If]kdf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
–:yfgLo lgsfo ljQLo ;]jf cfof]un] kl/If0f u/]sf] Go'gtd
;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkg df wgs'6f / l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;jf]{Ts[i6
ePsf 5g\ .
–To:t} Go'gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbgsf cfwf/df b]z e/sf
gu/kflnsf dWo] ;jf]{Ts[i6 x'g] lgsfo a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf / wgs'6f gu/kflnsf
/x]sf 5g\ .
–pSt Go'gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkgdf b]ze/sf #@ lhlj;,
!) gu/kflnsf / !)&* uflj; c;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
– :yfgLo lgsfosf] sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ ljleGg lgwf{l/t ;'rs;+u
bfFh]/ ah]6 yk36 ug]{ ljlw Go'gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkgsf] ;'?jft ;j{k|yd ;g\
!((& df clk|msL d'n's o'ufG8faf6 ePsf] xf] .
–g]kfndf cf=j= @)^)÷)^! af6 Go'gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg
dfkgsf] cjwf/0ff NofOPsf] xf] lyof] eg] @)^#÷^$ b]lv %% lhlj;af6 Go'gtd ;t{ tyf
sfo{;Dkfbg dfkg ;"? ul/Psf] lyof] .
$= lh/f] x+u/ Rofn]Gh cleofgaf/] n]Vg'xf];\ .
– ef]sd/L cGTosf nflu ljZje/ ;~rflnt …lh/f] x+u/ Rofn]Gh
cleofgÚ nfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ cufdL !) aif{leq cyf{t ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf d'n'saf6
ef]sd/L cGTo ug]{ nIodf k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 5 .
–g]kfndf o; cf}krfl/s cleofgsf] ;'?jft lj=;= @)&!
kf}if $ ut]b]lv xf] .
–;g\ @)!@ df a|flhndf ;DkGg lbnuf] ljsf;sf nflu l/of]–@)
;Dd]ngaf6 ;'?jft ePsf] of] cleofgnfO{ ;g\ @)!# clk|ndf ;DkGg P:Sofksf] ^( cf}+
;Dd]ngn] yk hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] .
–z'Go ef]sd/L nIo k'/f ug{ g]kfnn] kfFrcf]6f d'Vo
cfwf/:tDe tof/ u/]sf], o;df aif{e/ kof{Kt vfBfGgdf ztk|lt;t kxFr k'¥ofpg], @
aif{ eGbf sd pd]/sf s]6fs]6Ldf k'8\sf]kg k"0f{?kdf x6fpg], lbuf] vfB
k|0ffnL ljsf; tyf lg/Gt/tf, ;fgf ls;fgsf] pTkfbsTj tyf cfodf ztk|lt;t j[l4 /
vfBfGgsf] z'Go Iflt jf v]/ ghfg] cj:yf l;h{gf ug]{ 5g\ .
–hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/
Go'gLs/0f ug]{ / lhljsf]kfh{gsf] dfWod tyf vfB k|0ffnL nlrnf] x'g] u/L hgtfsf]
vfB clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ljifonfO{ ;d]t nIo k|flKtsf] cfwf/sf ?kdf lnOPsf] 5
.
;|f]t ;+sns M /fd lai6
;flxTo÷l;h{gf
uhn
a? d/, :jLsf/ ulb{g c/] ..
h];'s}
u/ :jLsf/ ulb{g c/] ..
slt
s7f]/ /x]5 , pgsf] dg .
kfpdf
k/ :jLsf/ ulb{g c/] ..
km"n
h:t} ltdL;Fu} km'N5' eg] .
a?
em/, :jLsf/ ulb{g c/] ..
x/kn
pgL;Fu} lx8\g rfxGy] .
kl5
;/, :jLsf/ ulb{g c/] ..
dfof
pgs} lbndf /fVg vf]h] .
cGt}
e/, :jLsf/ ulb{g c/] ..
ltdLn]
rfx] h:t} aG5' eGbf .
ukm
5/, :jLsf/ ulb{g c/] ..
;ldkdf
/xg, rfFxbf dgn] .
hfp
k/, :jLsf/ ulb{g c/] ..
eg s]
u?, ;f]w] clGtd rf]6L .
7'nf] y/, :jLsf/ ulb{g
c/] ..
g/]Gb|
km'nf/f
uhn
of] lhGbuL plgnfO{ gfdf;f/L, lbP/ cfP Û
kl5sf] nflu yf]/} dfofsf] lrgf], lnP/ cfP ÛÛ
hLpg uf/f] ePsf] a]nf e§L lt/ uPsf] lyP Û
bf? lkpg' xfgL 7fgL sf]nf dfq, lkP/ cfP ÛÛ
cfpg klg pxLF df]l/sf] ofb emNemnL cfO/fXof] Û
la5f]8\sf] lk8fn] kmf6]sf] dg km]l/, l;P/ cfP ÛÛ
cfTdxTof u5{' egL of]hgfg} agfPsf] lyP Û
cls{ cfO lhGbludf pgs} e/df, lhP/ cfP ÛÛ
h;f]t;f] 6fn6'n ub}{ lyP d]/f] ;fgf] ;G;f/ Û
cfh cls{n] lg 5f]8]/ uof] l;of]em}, lvP/ cfP ÛÛ
/fh
5Ts'nL
wflbª ;NofG6f/
uhn
zflGt / Pstfsf] lbof] anf}; eG5' d t
hgtfsf] u0ftGq kmnf]; eG5' d t
g b]vfp ;+Vofsf] e/df 3'ls{
To;}n] t of] ;/sf/ 9nf]; eG5' d t
cw'/f] of] ;+lawfg hnf]; eG5' dt
zflGt / Pstfsf] lbof]
hnf]; eG5' d t
xl/kfn yfkf-lx/]Gb|_
tf]n]gL–& 8f]6L
uhn
s;n] xf/ jgfof] s;n] hLt jgfof]
To;}n] t of] b'lgof rlst jgfof]
dfG5] dfG5] Pp6} xf] eg]/ gf/f jgfof]
v} lsg of] pr lgr sf] /Lt jgfof]
ljsf; u5{' eG5 r'gfjdf lhtfp eG5
ljsf; x}g j? ljgf;n] lrlGtt jgfof]
gfd 5 sfd 5 bfd eg] kSs} 5}g
o:t}} /f]huf/n] eg] kl/rt jgfof]
–c1ft
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