बिम्ब नेपाली साप्ताहिक, मिति २०७२ साल कार्तिक १० गते मंगलवार

 x/]s rf8kj{ Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fx? b]zsf /fli6«o klxrfg x'g\ . o:tf          s'/fx?sf] cGTo x'g' eg]sf] /fli6«o klxrfg u'Dg' xf] . /fli6«o klxrfgsf] hu]gf{sf nflu klg rf8kj{ Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fsf] k|j4{g / ;Dj4{g ug'{ xfd|f] g}lts bfloTj xf] .

g]kfn ;/sf/

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

d'Vo ;dfrf/

uf}r/0f jGb} ;'b"/klZrdsf ladfg:ynx?

bfr'{nf lhNnf ;b/–d'sfdb]lv s/Lj &@ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f /x]sf] uf]s'n]Zj/ ladfg:yn s/Lj @) jif{b]lv jGb 5 . :yfgLojf;Lx?sf cg';f/ pQm ladfg:yn @)%)÷)%! ;fnb]lvg} ;~rfngdf 5}g . ladfg ;~rfg gx'Fbf pQm ladfg:yn clxn]  uf}/r0fdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 .

@)#$ ;fndf ;~rfng–df cfPsf] a}t8Lsf] kf6g ladfg:yn @)%@ ;fnb]lv k"0f{ ?kdf jGb ePsf] 5 . :yfgLojf;Lx?n] k6sk6s ladfg ;~rfngsf nflu cfu|x ub}{ cfPsf ePklg pQm ladfg ;~rfng x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . wfjgdfu{sf] nDjfO{ ( ;o %) ld6/ /x]sf] pQm ladfg:yn ;'b"/klZrdsf] bf];|f] 7'nf] ladfg:yn xf] . ;'b"/klZrddf s}nfnLsf] u]6f ladfg:yn ;j}eGbf 7'nf] ladfg:yn xf] . ladfg:ynsf] ;+/If0f ;d]t x'g g;Sbf clxn] uf}r/0fdf kl/0ft ePsf] :yfgLojf;Lx?sf] egfO{ 5 .

@)#* ;fndf ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 8f]6Lsf] lbkfon ladfg:yn klg aGb 5 . ;j}eGbf ;fgf] wfjgdfu{ /x]sf] pQm ladfg:yn tTsfnLg ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqL nf]s]Gb| lai6 du/n] @)^* ;fndf Ps ;ftfleq ;~rfngdf Nofpg] k|ltj4tf hgfPsf lyP t/ rf/ jif{ lalt;Sbf klg pQm k|ltj4tf k'/f x'g ;s]g . :yfgLojf;Lx? wfjgdfu{sf] nDjfO{ j9fpgsf nflu hldg lbg klg tof/ 5g t/ klg ladfg:ynsf] hL0ff]{2f/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ut c;f]hdf ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fsf al/i7 O{lGhlgo/ afns[i0f /]UdLsf ;fy 8f]6L k'u]sf ;f+;b k|]djxfb'/ cfn]du/n] pQm ladfg:yn ltxf/leq} ;~rfngdf Nofpg] k|ltj4tf u/]sf 5g . k|flws/0fsf al/i7 O{lGhlgo/ /]UdLn] ladfg:ynsf] :t/f]GgtL x'g] jtfPsf lyP . ;f+;b cfn]sf] k|ltj4tfsf] ;dol;df cfpg cj s/Lj !% lbgdfq} jfFsL 5 t/ ladfg ;~rfng x'g] s'g} nIf0f b]lvPsf] 5}g .

uf]s'n]Zj/, kf6g / lbkfon ladfg:yn dfq} xf]O{g ;'b"/klZrddf /x]sf !) ladfg:yndWo] xfn b'O{ ladfg:yndfq} ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g eg] jfFs * jGb 5g . gful/s p88\og k|flws/0fsf] wgu9Ll:yt sfof{non] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ s}nfnLsf] u]6f / jfh'/fsf] sf]N6L ladfg:yndfq} ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g .

c5fdsf] ;fFkm]ju/df /x]sf] ladfg:yn @)^@ ;fnb]lv k"0f{ ?kdf jGb 5 . pQm ladfg:yndf @)%* ;fn kmfu'g $ ut] tTsfnLg lab|f]xL g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] cfqmd0f ;d]t u/]sf] lyof] . c5fdd} /x]sf] sdnahf/ ladfg:yn lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ePsf] !* jif{ lalt;Sbf klg ;~rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . pQm ladfg:yn ;~rfngdf gcfpFb} hL0f{ ePsf] 5 .

s~rgk'/sf] demufpFdf  /x]sf] ladfg:yn klg jGb 5 . tTsfnLg ko{6g dGqL lai6n] pQm ladfg:yn !% lbgleq} ;~rfngdf Nofpg] k|ltj4tf ubf{ :yfgLojf;Lx?n] pgsf] eJo :jfut u/]sf lyP . …d}n] gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx? klg ;+u} lnP/ cfPsf] 5', cj ladfg lgoldt ;~rfng x'G5Ú dGqLn] eg]sf] jfSo ;Demb} Ps :yfgLo eG5g …dGqL h:tf] dfG5] olt em'6f af]Ng'xf]nf eGg] ;f]r]sf] klg lyPg .Ú

aemfËsf] r}gk'/df /x]sf] ladfg:yn klg s/Lj kfFr jif{b]lv jGb ePsf] :yfgLox?  jtfpF5g . kqsf/ hulbz /f]sfof eG5g …xjfO{ p8fg jGb ePkl5 ladfg:yn klg uf}r/0fdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 .Ú klxn] g]kfn~h–aemfË–wgu9L ?6df p8fg ;'? ePsf] ePklg kl5 g]kfnu~h–aemfË jgfO{Psf] lyof] . kqsf/ /f]sfof eG5g …aemfË–wgu9L ?6df p8fg ;'? x'g' kg]{ :yfgLojf;Lx?sf] dfu /x]sf] 5 t/ dfu s;}n] ;'Gb}g .Ú g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] gofF ladfg NofPkl5 km]/L p8fg ;'? x'g] :yfgLojf;Lx?nfO{ cfZjf;g lbO{Psf] ePklg g t lgudn] gofF ladfg Nofof] g aemfËdf p8fg ;'? eof] .

s}nfnLsf] Jo:t zx/ l6sfk'/df /x]sf] ladfg:yn klg k"0f{ ?kdf jGb ePsf] !* jif{ eO{;s]sf] 5 . aGb ladfg:yn ;'rf? ug{sf nflu :yfgLojf;Lx?n] cltqmd0f ePsf] ladfg:ynjf6 d'Qm sd}ofx?nfO{ x6fPsf lyP . dfnkf]t sfof{no l6sfk'/n] ladfg:yn k'gMlgdf{0fsf nflu cltl/Qm s/ klg ;+sng u¥of] t/ ;j} k|of;x? c;kmn eP .  :yfgLo cu'jfx?n] ladfg:yn k'gMlgdf{0f ;ldlt ;d]t u7g u/]sf lyP . pQm ;ldltsf] k|of; klg ;kmn x'g ;s]g .

ladfg:yn ;'rf? x'g g;Sbf Psflt/ :yfgLox?n] dfsf{ em]Ng' kl//x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ k|flws/0fn] aif]{gL 3f6f ;xg' k/]sf] 5 . ladfg:ynsf] /]vb]v / ;'/Iffsf nflu sd{rf/Lx? clxn] klg /flvPsf 5g .

ladfg:yn ;'rf? gx'Fbf ;'b"/klZrdsf dxTjk"0f{ ko{6sLo :yfgx?df ko{6sx? cfpg g;s]sf] jtfpF5g 8f]6L pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf g/]Gb| v8\sf . v8\sf eG5g …ladfg:yn ;'rf? ePsf] eP b]zs} dxTjk"0f{ ko{6sLo :ynsf] ?kdf /x]sf] vKt8 ko{6g If]qdf w]/} ko{6sx? cfpg] ;Defjgf lyof] .

vK8t, ckL, ;fO{kfn, a8Ldflnsf, gfDkf, dfg;/f]j/ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ ko{6sLo :ynx? ko{6ssf] kvf{O{df /x]sf 5g . 

k|flws/0fsf] l;ljn O{lGhlgol/Ë laefusf lgb]{zs w'|j ef]lreof eG5g …ladfg grNg'df k|flws/0fsf] bf]if 5}g .Ú pgn] eg] …Po/nfO{G;x?n] ladfg ;~rfng ug'{k¥of], pgLx?n] ;~rfng ub}{gg\ clg k|flws/0f s] ug{ ;S5 <Ú lgb]{zs ef]lreofn] Po/nfO{G;x?n] ladfg ;'rf? u5f}{+ eg] cfkm'x?n] b'O{ ;ftfleq} wfjgdfu{ dd{t ug{ ;Sg] bfjL u/] . pgn] ladfg grNbf k|flws/0fnfO{ 3f6f eO{/x]sf] :jLsf/ u/] .

;DkfbsLo

;xdltd} cufl8 a9f}+

nfdf] ;dob]lv jGb} eTsFb} uPsf] /fhgLlts ;xdlt gofF ;+lawfg hf/L ug]{ ;dodf cem a9L k|uf9 ePsf] lyof] . pQm   /fhgLlts ;xdlts} uf9fkgsf sf/0f bf];|f] ;+lawfg;efn] y'k|} r'gf}tLx?sf jfjh'b klg gofF ;+lawfg hf/L ug{ ;kmn eof] .   /fhgLlts bnx? wGojfbsf kfq klg eP . oBkL y'k|} c;xdltx? klg gofF ;+lawfgdf 5g . lt c;xdltx? plrt ?kdf ;dfwfg ug'{ kg]{ xf]nf t/ klg sfg'gL hu tof/ ePsf] 5, o;nfO{ xfdLn] 7'nf] pknJwLsf ?kdf dfGg' kg]{ x'G5 .

bnx?aLrsf] of] ;xdlt s'rL{sf] j/Lk/L k'u]kl5 elTsG5 eGg] s'/f c;f]h @$ ut] Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf k|wfgdGqL rogsf nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgdf b]lvof] . ;xldtsf ;fy cfufdL b'O{ jif{ cyf{t gofF ;+lawfg cg';f/ ;+3Lo k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg geP;Dd bnx?sf] ;xdlt sfod} /fVg] eGg] k"j{jt\ ;xdlt, jfrf, k|ltj4tf ;j} Toltj]n} r'Fl8P . jt{dfg Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf b'O{ k|d'v 36sx? g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf Pdfn] gofF ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjsf] bfjL ub}{ Pscsf{sf k|lt:klw{sf ?kdf plqP . ;+lawfg hf/L ubf{ bnx?aLr b]lvPsf] Pstf ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ubf{ 6'6]kl5 km]/L Ps k6s hgtfdf lg/fzf 5fPsf] lyof] . oBkL k|wfgdGqL rogsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ ;j}n] cf–cfkm\g} tl/sfn] JofVof ul//x]sf 5g t/ klg Tof] /fhgLlts ;xdlt eGbf ljkl/ts} s'/f xf] .

6'6]sf] ;xdlt Ps k6s km]/L h'6\of] . ;efd'v / pk;efd'v rog ubf{ ;xdltsf cfwf/d} rog eP . bnx?df km]/L klg sfo{ut Pstf u/]/ hfg] ;f]Fr jfFsLg} 5 eGg] s'/f ;f]Rg yflnof] . t/ clxn] km]/L /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt rog ug]{ qmddf bnx?aLr k|lt:kwf{ x'g] 5fF6 b]lvPsf] 5 . o;n] km]/L gofF ;+lawg sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ;d:of cfpg] kf] xf] ls < eGg] cf;+sf b]lvPsf] 5 .

h] xf];\, clxn]sf] cfjZostf bnx?aLrsf] ;xdltg} xf] . ltg 7'nf bnx? Ps 7fpFdf cfpg' h?/L 5 . To;}n] clxn] zlQm jfF9\kmfF8sf] cfwf/df x]g]{ xf] eg] klg g]skf Pdfn]n] k|wfgdGqL cyf{t ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] 5, Plss[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;efd'vsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] 5 / /fi6«kltsf] lhDd]jf/L g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ lbFbf s'g} c;fGble{s x'Fb}g . To;}klg g]kfnL sf+u|]; clxn] Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;j}eGbf 7'nf] bn xf] .

ts{x? w]/} cfpg ;S5g, …g]kfnL sf+u|];n] t ;xdlt tf]8]sf] xf] lg Û, cj lsg g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ lbg] <Ú eGg] ts{ klg cfpg ;S5g\ . cj sf+u|];nfO{ k]n]/} n}hfg' k5{ eGg] s'/f klg cfpg ;S5 t/ ;xdltsf] /fhgLltdf …d]/f] uf]?sf] jf¥x} 6fFSsfÚ eg]/ ;xdlt x'g ;Sb}g . ;xdltsf nflu …lue P08 6]sÚ sf] s'/f x'G5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] cfjZostf ;xdltsf] xf] . y'k|} s'/f ug{ afFsLg} 5 . gofF ;+lawfgsf c;xdt kIfx?;+u jftf{åf/f ;dfwfg vf]Hg' kg]{5, gofF ;+lawfgsf] sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5, d'n'snfO{ ljsf; / cu|udglt/ cufl8 j9fpg' kg]{5, /fhgLlts :yfoLTj sfod u/fpg' kg]{5 . clg dfq ;+lawfg;ef dfkm{t hf/L u/]sf] gofF ;+lawfgn] ;fy{stf kfpg]5 .

lglZrt ?kdf ;xdltsf] wfuf] tf]8\g] sfd g]kfnL sf+u|];jf6 ePsf] xf] . To; ljifodf s'g} b'O{ dt 5}g . To; ljifon] ;fdflhs ;~hfn / ;~rf/dfWoddf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] Jofks cfnf]rgf klg eO{;s]sf] 5 . t/, cj olb km]/L ;xdltsf] >[+vnf hf]l8g ;S5 eg] lsg g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ klg zlQmsf] lx:;]bf/ gjgfpg] < lsg g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ klg yk lhDd]jf/ jgfP/ gn}hfg] < o; ljifodf /fhgLlts txdf Jofks ?kdf 5nkmn x'g' h?/L 5 .

yk ;dfrf/     

hgfj/df s[lqd uef{wfg a9\b}

lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no 8f]6Ln] 3/ kfn'jf rf}kfofx?df ;'? u/]sf] s[lqd uef{wfg k|lalw a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

sfof{non] cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷)&) df ;'? pQm k|lalwjf6 xfn;Dd rf/ ;o ^) kz'x?df s[lqd uef{wfg u/fO{Psf] ;f] sfof{nosf ;"rgf clwsf/L tyf kz' lasf; clws[t u0f]z P]/n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g .

P]/sf cg';f/ sfof{non] klxnf] jif{ PssfnLg s[lqd uef{wfg ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] jif{ ufO{ / e}+;L u/L %@ kz'df s[lqd uef{wfg u/fO{Psf] lyof] . æbf];|f] jif{ cyf{t cfly{s jif{ )&)÷)&! df Ps ;o @% ufO{ / @( e}+;Ldf s[lqd uef{wfg u/fof}+Ú P]/n] eg] ut cfly{s jif{df Ps ;o $! ufO{, $& e}+;L / ^^ afv|fdf s[lqd uef{wfg ePsf] 5 .Ú

dfyL pNn]v ul/Psf] tYofFs cg';f/ s[lqd uef{wfg u/fO{Psf] kz'x?sf] ;+Vof a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . P]/sf cg';f/ 8f]6Ldf xfn;Dd ufO{df $% k|lt;t / e}+;Ldf #& k|lt;t s[lqd uef{wfg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . lsg ;kmntf k|lt;t yf]/} ePsf] < P]/ eG5g …rf}kfofdf uef{wfgsf] ;do ;'? ePsf] !@ b]lv !* 306fleq s[lqd uef{wfg u/fO{;Sg' kg]{ x'G5 .Ú l9nf] eof] eg] uef{wfg x'g g;Sg] jtfpFb} P]/n] eg] …s[ifsx?n] ;xL ;dodf s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb|df k'¥ofO{;Sg' kg]{ x'G5 .Ú

kz'df s[lqd uef{wfg u/fpg s[ifsx? O{R5's b]lvPsf] tYofFsn] b]vfPklg ;kmn uef{wfg sd x'g] ePsf sf/0f ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . clxn] 8f]6Lsf] l;nu9L / lbkfondf dfq} pQm sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 .

sfof{nosf ;"rgf clwsf/L P]/sf cg';f/ t/n gfO{6«f]hgsf] Knf06 g]kfnu~hdf dfq} /x]sf] / Tof] klg ;fgf] ePsf sf/0f ;d:of ePsf] 5 . Pp6f /]lkm|df Ps dlxgf;Dd t/n gfO{6«f]hg j:g] / /]lk|m tyf sG6]g/ dx+uf] x'g] ePsf sf/0f klg pQm sfo{qmddf ;d:of /x]sf] pgn] jtfP .

lhNnfe/Ldf s[lqd uef{wfgsf nflu tflndk|fKt hgzQmL rf/ hgf dfq} /x]sf] / t/n gfO{6«f]hgsf] tfkdfg dfO{g; (^ l8u|L ;]N;Lo;df /fVg' kg]{ ePsf sf/0f lhNnfsf cGo 7fpFx?df of] k|lalw ;~rfng ug{ g;lsPsf] pgn] jtfP .

g]kfndf @)@%÷)@^ jf6 ;'? ePsf] s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd xfn ^$ lhNnfsf ( ;o @) s]Gb|x?df ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . kz' rf}kfofx?sf] a+z ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmd b]ze/Lg} km}nfpg] nIf /fli6«o kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb|sf] /x]sf] 5 .

>LdtLsf] d[To'kl5 >Ldfg\ kqmfp

n /gL laj;\÷eLdbQgu/

     sflt{s *

>Ldfg;+u} 3/ aflx/ uPsL >Ldltsf] crfgs d[To' ePkl5 pgsf >Ldfg kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ . k|x/Ln] z+sf:kb d[To' eGb} d[tssf >LdfgnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] xf] .

eLdbQ gu/kflnsf–# ltnsk'/sL #@ jifL{of sdnf n'xf/sf] zlgaf/ d[To' ePkl5 pgsf >Ldfg /fd n'xf/nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 . n'xf/ k|x/L  lx/f;tdf /flvPsf 5g\ .

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/L  pk/LIfs lszf]/ s'df/ bfxfnn] z+sf:kb d[To' ePsfn] cg';Gwfgsf nflu kqmfp ul/Psf] atfP . …hfx]/L btf{ ePkl5 d'2f btf{ u/L k|lqmof yfN5f}Ú pgn] eg] .

ef/tdf dhb'/L ub}{ cfPsf /fd 3/ kms]{kl5 zlgaf/ cfk;L ljjfb ePsf] lyof] . ljjfbkl5 /fdn] pgnfO{ ha/h:tL 3/ pQ/lt/sf] hËntkm{ nu]sf] :yfgLo atfpF5g\ . …n}hfFbf;+u} nu]sf] xf], kl5 af]s]/ Nofof]Ú Ps :yfgLon] eg] .

/fd cfkm}}+n] af]s]/ NofPsL sdnfnfO{ pkrf/sf nflu ef/tLo zx/ vl6df nu]kl5 zlgaf/ g} c:ktfndf d[To' ePsf] lyof] . sdnfsf dfOtLx?n] /fdn] s'6lk6 u/L xTof u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpFb} k|x/Ldf hfx]/L lbg] atfPsf     5g\ .

…of] cfTdxTof x'g} ;Sb}gÚ sdnfsf dfOtL gGbl;+x ;'gf/n] eg],…s'6Ls'6L  df/]sf] 5 .Ú cfk;L ;DaGw / lrghfgsf b'a} kl/jf/sf] ;xdltdf sdnf / /fdsf] ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . pgsf !^ / !) jif{sf b'O{ 5f]/f 5g\ . o; cl3 klg >Ldfgn] s'6\b} cfPsf] dfOtLx? atfpF5g\ .

bz}+ dgfP/ kms{g]nfO{ emGem6

n k|sfz ef6÷88]Nw'/f

     sflt{s *

lxGb'x?sf] dxfg rfF8 j8f bz}+ dgfpg t/fO{jf6 cfˆgf] k'Vof}nL 3/ kxf8 cfPsfx? t/fO{ emg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . j;fO{;/L kxf8jf6 t/fO{ uPsfx? cf–cfˆgf] s'nb]jtfsf] k"hfcfhf u/]/ bz}+ dgfpgsf nflu kxf8 cfPsfx? ;lxt hflu/] tyf dfO{tL 3/ cfPsf r]nLx? bz}+ dgfP/ t/fO{ emg{ yfn]sf x'g\ .

bz}+ dgfP/ cf–cfˆgf] 3/ jf 3/ jflx/ hfg] ofq'x?sf] le8ef8 ePklg ;f]xL kl/0ffddf oftfoft ;+rfng gx'Fbf ofq'x?n] ;f:tL j]xf]g{' k/]sf 5 . ef/tn] u/]sf] c3f]lift gfsfjGbLsf sf/0f k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cefjdf oftfoft ;~rfng gx'Fbf ;'b"/klZrdsf kxfl8 lhNnfdf bz}+sf a]nf cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ug]{ ofq'x? dfsf{df k/]sf 5g\ . kxf8L lhNnfjf6 t/fO{sf lhNnfdf ;+rfng x'g] ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;jf/L ;fwgx?n] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ / rfnsx? 3/jf6 gcfPsf] eGb} oftfoftsf ;fj/L ;fwg sd ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 .

bz}+;Fu} k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cefjsf sf/0f ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ;d:of ePkl5 ofq'sf] larNnL ePsf] 5 . ;'b"/klZrdsf laleGg a;kfs{x?df laxfg}b]lv cjfudgsf nflu ;a{;fwf/0fx?sf] 3'O{rf] nfu]sf] 5 . sltko :yfgdf Hofg hf]lvddf /fv]/ ofq'x? cfjfudg ul//x]sf 5g\ . cefjsf] df}sf p7fpb} ;jf/L ;fwfgx?n] 7uL ;d]t ul//x]sf] ofq'x? atfp5g\ . nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cefjn] ;'b"/klZrdsf kxf8L lhNnfdf oftfoft c;'lawfsf ;fy} cTofjZos vfB kbfy{, cf}ifwL nufotsf] cefj l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .

pk/fi6«klt lgjf{rg !$ df x'g]

sf7df08f}+÷pk/fi6«klt kbsf] lgjf{rg sflQs !$ ut] zlgaf/ laxfg !! ah] x'g] ePsf] 5 . 

Joj:yflksf–;+;b\ ;lrjfnon] o;cl3 pk/fi6«klt kbsf] lgjf{rg ef]ln a'waf/sf nflu tf]s]sf] lyof] . ;efd'v cf]g;/L 3tL{n] ljz]if sf/0fjz pk/fi6«klt kbsf] lgjf{rg !$ ut] zlgaf/ laxfg !! ah] ug]{ u/L ldlt / ;do ;+zf]wg ug{ tf]s]sf]] Joj:yflksf–;+;b\ ;lrjfnoåf/f hf/L ;"rgfdf hgfOPsf] 5 . ;lrjfnon] cfh k|sfzg u/]sf] lgjf{rg sfo{qmd cg';f/        pk/fi6«klt kbdf /fhgLlts ;xdlt sfod gePdf !# ut] !) b]lv ! ah];Dd pDd]bjf/Lsf] k|:tfj btf{ ug]{, !M#) ah] pDd]bjf/sf] gfdfjnL k|sflzt ug]{, @ ah] pDd]bjf/sf] gfdfjnL pk/ bfaL lj/f]w ug]{, @M#) ah];Dd pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lngsf nflu ;do  lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L pk/fi6«klt kbsf] pDd]bjf/sf] clGtd gfdfjnL ;f]xL lbg # ah] k|sfzg ug]{, !$ ut] zlgaf/ laxfg !! b]lv @ ah];Dd uf]Ko dtbfg x'g], @M#) ah] dtu0fgf, $M$% ah] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffd ;efd'v;dIf k]; ug]{ / ck/fXg % ah] lgjf{rg kl/0ffd Joj:yflksf–;+;b\df 3f]if0ff ug]{ lgjf{rg tflnsfdf pNn]v 5 .

/f;;

bz}+df df]6/;fO{sn b'3{6gfg} a9L

n k'n];f] cgnfO{gjf6

36:yfkgfb]lv bz}+sf] clGtd lbg sf]hfu|t k"l0f{df;Ddsf !$ lbgdf dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] ljleGg :yfgdf df]6/;fOsn g} a9L b'3{6gf ePsf] 5 . lhNnf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no alb{jf; dxf]Q/Ln] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ s'n cf7 j6f b'3{6gfdf !@ ;jf/LdWo] !! df]6/;fOsn 5g\, afFsL Pp6f dfn jfxs 6«s /x]sf] 5 .

cf7j6f ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf !$ hgf dflg; 3fOt] ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . ;a}eGbf a9L df]6/;fOsnaf6} ;8s b'3{6gf ePsf] k|x/L lg/LIfs t'n;L k|;fb pk|]tLn] atfP . pgn] eg] …dw]z cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg sd dfqfdf rn]kl5 o; kflnsf] bz}+df dflg;x? df]6/;fOsnnfO{ g} al9 k|of]u u/] 6f9f 6f9f ofqf u/]sf 5g\ .Ú ;'/lIft ?kdf df]6/;fOsn rnfpg'k5{ eGg] r]tgfsf] cefj /x]sf] eGb} k|lg pk|]tLn] b'3{6gf x'G5 ls eg]/ ;f]Rb} g;f]rL j]tfndf ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpbfF b'O{ k|f+u|] df]6/;fOsn a9L b'3{6gf ePsf] atfP  .

b'3{6gfdf a9L k'?if g} 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .  c;f]h @^ ut]b]lv sflQs ( ut]sf] cjlwdf ePsf] b'3{6gdf !$ 3fOt] dWo] @ dlxnf / !@ hgf k'?if g} /x]sf 5g\ .

df]Q/Lsf] k"j{—klZrd dx]G› /fhdfu{, alb{jf;—cf}/xL—hn]Zj/ / alb{jf;—l;Gw'nL cyf{t ljkL /fhdfu{df al9 ;jf/L b'3{6gf ePsf] 5 .

df]6/;fOsn ;dfGotof k'?ifx?n] g} xfFSg] / dlxnfx? k5f8L eP/ ;jf/ ug]{ ePsfn] o; cjlwdf k'?ifx ?g} a9L 3fOt] ePsf lhNnf 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no alb{jf;n] hgfPsf] 5 .

;8sdf vl6g] 6«flkms k|x/Lsf cg';f/, b'3{6gfkl5 s] x'g], cfˆgf] eljio s:tf] x'g] af/] /lte/ g;f]lr b'|t ultdf ;jf/L ;fwg x'FSofpFbf b'3{gf x'g] u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . rfnsx?nfO{ 6«flkms lgod yfxf geP/ klg b'3{6gf ePsf] 5 .  

aGbdf t/fOsf lhNnx?df df]6/;fOsn g} d'Vo ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ?kdf k|of]u x'b}+ cfPsf] 5 .

la/fdLsf] ;+Vof a9\of]

df};d kl/jt{g x'g ;'? eP;+u} 8f]6Lsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df ?3fvf]sL / Hj/f]sf lj/fdLsf] ;+Vofdf j9\g yfn]sf] 5 .

df};d kl/jt{g / rf8kj{ klg ;Fu} k/]sfn] ?3fvf]sLsf lj/fdLsf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] z}n]Zj/L kf]lnlSnlgs lbkfonsf nf]s]Gb| af]x/fn] hfgsf/L lbP . c:ktfndf k'Ug] lj/fdL dWo] () k|ltzt eGbf a9Ldf ?3fvf]sLsf la/fdL x'g] u/]sf] lrlsT;sx?n] atfPsf 5g . rf8kj{sf] a]nf uf8Ldf cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ubf{ w]/} eL8 x'g] ePsfn] klg ?3fvf]sL km}lnPsf] lrlsT;sx?sf] egfO{ 5 .

eL8df ofqf u/]sfx?n] 3/ k'u] kl5 ;kmf;Fu ;fa'g kfgLn] xft wf]P/ dfq c? sfd ug{' kg]{ 8fS6/x?sf] ;'emfj 5 . ?3fvf]sLsf] ;dodf g} pkrf/ gu/] df};dL ˆn"sf] vt/f klg x'g] ePsfn] eL8ef8df ghfg, hfg} k/] dfS; nufpg / pdfn]sf] kfgL lkpg 8fS6/x?n] ;'emfj lbPsf 5g . df};d kl/jt{g;+u} ?3fvf]sLsf] rfk klg a9\g] u/]sf] 5 .

df]km;n kqsf/nfO{ cfly{s ;+s6

df]km;ndf sfo{/t kqsf/x?sf] hLjg si6s/ 5 . s]xL kqsf/sf] hLjg lanfzLk'0f{ ePklg clwsf+z kqsf/x?n] kqsfl/tfaf6 3/vr{ rnfpg g;s]sf] s'/f atfPsf 5g .

laDa g]kfnL ;fKtflxsn] @)^( efb| @( ut] af6 laleGg ldl8ofdf sfo{/t kqsf/;+u df]km;ndf sfo{/t kqsf/x?sf ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfosf laifodf ædf]km;n kqsf/LtfÆ lzif{sdf kqsf/sf] cGtjftf{ k|sfzg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

pQm :tDedf cGt/jftf{ lbg] clwsf+z kqsf/n] kqsf/Ltfaf6 w]/} s'/f l;s]sf] df v'zL AoQm u/]klg cfDbfgL k|lt eg] lta| c;Gt'li6 hgfPsf 5g . sfo{/t ;~rf/ dfWodn] tna glbg], kqsfl/tf ubf{ C0f nfu]sf], kqsf/Ltfaf6 hLjg wfGg g;lsg], w]/} d]xgt sd cfDbfgL x'g] ;d:ofn] ubf{ kqsf/Ltfsf] kof{Kt  ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] pgLx? atfp5g .

df]km;ndf /x]sf ;~rf/ dfWodx?df ;dfg'kflts la1fkg ljt/0f k|0ffnL nfu' gx'Fbf ;d:of ePsf] sltko ldl8ofsf ;~rfns tyf kqsf/x? atfpF5g .

snsf/vfgf pBf]u wGbf / Aofkf/ sd x'g] 7fpFdf ldl8of ;~rfng ug{ lgs} ;d:of /x]sf] 8f]6L xfO{nfO{6sf ;Dkfbs 6]s]Gb| b]pjfn] atfP 5g . la1fkgdf sld;g lagf 5fKg ;Defjgf g/x]sf] ;'g;/Laf6 k|sfzg x'g] ;Dkbf cfFrn ;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbs d]g'sf a:g]t atfPsL l5g . kqsfl/tfdf ;'/lIft eljZo gb]v]kl5 kqsf/x? lab]z knfog x'Fb} cfPsf 5g .

kl5Nnf] ;do kqsf/x? kqsf/Ltf 5f]8\b} lab]zLg] u/]sf] kf]v/f cfjfh b}lgs sf:sLsf ;Dkfbs cg'k/fh kf}8]n atfpF5g . ;dfrf/df df]ndf]nfO{ u/]sf] s'/f klg ;'lgg] u/]sf] g'jfsf]6 ;Gb]z ;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbs >L/fd g]kfnn] atfP . kqsf/x?n] sfd u/]sf] kfl/>lds gkfpg] klg 7'nf] ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . ;~rf/sdL{x?n] w]/} ldl8ofx?af6 kfl/>lds gkfPsf] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 s]lGb|o ;b:o ejfgL P]/n]  atfP . pgn] eg]sf 5g ægofF ldl8ofx? v'N5g sfd u/fpF5g t/ tna lbFb}gg\, s]xL tna lbg]x?n] lgo'QmL kq lbFb}gg\ .Æ

sof}F AolQmx? sfd cs}{ ug]{ ePklg b]vfpgsf nfuL kqsf/Ltf ug]{ k/Dk/f klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . s;}s;}sf] b]vfpg] k]zf dfq} kqsf/Ltf ePsf] l6sfk'/ PkmPdsf :6]zg Dofg]h/ P]s]Gb| ltldN;]gfn] atfPsf 5g . kqsf/x?sf] ladf / k]G;gsf] Aoj:yf nfu' x'g'kg]{ Eo" SofK;g ?kGb]xLsf ;Dkfbs e'jg sfsL{sf] wf/0ff 5 . kqsf/Ltf leq klg dlxnf kqsf/sf] lk8f cnL k[ys      /x]sf] dlxnf kqsf/x? atfpF5g . Ifdtf eP /fd|f]  kfl/>lds lbg] ;F:yfx? klg   /x]sf] O{Gb|f v8sfn] atfO{g .

ldl8of xfp;sf sfof{no tyf sfo{sIf klg n}+lusd}qL gePsf] klg dlxnf kqsf/sf] u'gf;f] 5 . w]/} ldl8of dlxnfd}qL gePsf] ;~rf/Lsf n]vdfnfsf ;x–;Dkfbs ozf]bf clwsf/Ln] atfO{g . laDa ;fKtflxsn] # aif{sf] cawLdf  s/Lj Ps ;o %) eGbf w]/} kqsf/sf] cGt/jftf{ k|sfzg u/]sf] lyof] . lt cGt/jftf{sf qmddf pgLx?n] ;a} eGbf cfly{s ;d:ofn] em]Ng] u/]sf] atfPsf 5g .

ldn]g laB'tsf] d'cfJhf lajfb

laB't k|;f/0f nfO{g tfGgsf nflu 88]Nw'/f ;b/–d'sfd If]qdf b]lvPsf] d'cfJhf ljjfb cem} ldn]sf] 5}g .

clk xfO{8«f] kfj/ sDkgL / bfr'{nfsf] gf}u8f uf8 ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfåf/f pTkfbg ul/Psf] *=% d]ufjf6 ljB't ;KnfO{ ug{sf nflu k|;f/0f nfO{g tfGg d'cfJhf lajfb ePsf] xf] . gf}u8f uf8 ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfn] *=% d]ufjf6 ljh'nL pTkfbg ug]{ Ifdtf /fVb5 . clxn] ;KnfO{ x'g g;Sbf clxn] rf/ d]ufjf6 laB't dfq pTkfbg eO{/x]sf] 5 .

laB't k|;f/0f nfO{gsf] Ifdtf gx'bfF lgoldt ?kdf ljh'nL pTkfbg ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ;/sf/n] s}nfnLsf] cQ/Lof b]vL bfr'{nf;Ddsf] Ps ;o #@ s]le Ifdtfsf] k|;f/0f nfO{g jgfpg] ;xdlt u/]sf] lyof] . pQm k|;f/0f nfO{g lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;Sbf gf}u8f uf8 ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfn] Ifdtf cg';f/sf] ljB't pTkfbg ug{ gkfPsf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 .

k|;f/0f nfO{g tflgg] If]qdf kg]{ hldg / 3/sf] d'cfJhfdf hUufwgL / ;/sf/aLr s'/f ldNg g;Sbf pQm ;d:of b]lvPsf] xf] . Ps ;o #@ s]le Ifdtfsf] k|;f/0f nfO{gdf clk xfO{8«f] kfj/sf] pTkflbt nfO{gdf hf]l8P  ;'b'/klZrd k"0f{ ?kdf nf]8;]–l8\ª d'Qm x'g] cg'dfg g]kfn laB't k|flws/0fn] u/]sf] 5 .

5f]6s/L ;dfrf/

pkef]Qmf df/df

g]kfn laB't k|flws/0f 88]Nw'/fn] lgoldt ?kdf ld6/ hfFr gubf{ pkef]Qmf df/df k/]sf 5g\ .

3/df ld6/ hfFr ug{ laB't k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/L gk'u]kl5 pkef]QmfnfO{ vkt o'lg6sf] af/]df hfgsf/L gx'g] u/]sf] 5 . vkt o'lg6sf] hfgsf/L lagfg} pkef]Qmfn] Go'gtd vkt o'lg6sf] z'Ns laB't k|flws/0fdf ltg{] u/]sf 5g\ . aiff{}kl5 laB't      k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/L ld6/ hfFr ug{ k'Ubf lah'nLsf] lan xhf/f}+ x'g hfg] u/]sf] 5 . aiff{}kl5 bzf+} xhf/ ?k}ofF Ps d'i6 ltg{' kg{] b]lvFbf pkef]Qmf df/df k/]sf x'g\ . 

gx/ hL0f{ aGb}

aemfË lhNnfsf] h'O{ndf /x]sf] gx/ s'g} klg lgsfoaf6 dd{t g'xFbf lh0f{ aGb} uO{/x]sf] 5 .

em08} tLg bzs cufl8 k'j{ kxf8L l;FrfO{ of]hgfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] gx/sf] s'g} klg lgsfo af6 dd{t gx'Fbf hL0f{ aGb} uO{/x]sf] :yfgLo lw/]Gb| dNnn] hfgsf/L lbP . @)$# ;fndf em08} #^ nfv a/fa/sf] nfutdf lgdf{0f ePsf] l;FrfO{ gx/ 7fpF 7fpFdf elTsg] / kfgL aGb x'g] ;d:of :yfgLon] em]Nb} cfPsf 5g\ . l;FrfO{ gx/ s'g} klg lgsfoaf6 dd{t gx'Fbf e}/jgfy ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf  !,@,#, / $ j8fsf ls;fgx?nfO{ l;FrfO{sf nfuL ;d:of xF'b} cfPsf] 5 . :yfgLo h'O{nL uf8af6 NofO{Psf] em08} !% ;o ld6/ nfdf] pQm gx/sf] dd{tsf] kvf{O{sf /x]sf] 5 .

v]n tyf ko{6g ;dfrf/

;'Gb/ ko{6sLo If]q a8L dflnsf

jfh'/f lhNnfdf /x]sf] a8L dflnsf ;'b"/klZrds} dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s Pj+ ko{6sLo If]q xf] . s0ff{nL / a'9L u+ufsf] dWo efudf /x]sf] a8L dflnsf If]q rf/ xhf/ b'O{ ;o !) ld6/ prfO{df /x]sf] 5 . afh'/f lhNnfsf b'O{ ufla;x? dft{8L / s}nfzdf08f}+sf] lardf /x]sf] a8L dflnsf If]qdf /x]sf lqj]0fL kf6g, v]tLkftL / af;'wf/f oxFsf d'Vo cfsif{s s]Gb| x'g .

a8L dflnsf If]qe/L Ps ;o #@ k|hfltsf km'nx? /x]sf 5g . k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f z'Sn rt'b{zLdf d]nf ;'? eO{ k'l0f{dfsf lbg ;dfkg x'g] ub{5 . d]nf x]g{sf nflu afh'/f nufot b]zsf laleGg lhNnfx?jf6 eQmhgx? / ko{6sx?sf] cf]O{/f] nfUg] ub{5 .

s'g} If]qsf] klxrfg tyf ;+:s[ltn] ko{6s tyf eQmhgx?sf] dg nf]Eofpg] u/]sf] x'G5 . ;'b"/klZrdsf laleGg wfld{s :ynx? h:t} a8Ldflnsfn] klg ko{6sx?nfO{ cfslif{t ub{5 t/ To; 7fpF;Dd hfg] oftfotsf] ;fwg gx'Fbf y'k|} eQmhg tyf ko{6sx? a8Ldflnsf k'Ug ;Sb}gg\ . o; If]qdf g]kfnsf] /fli6«o k+IfL …8fFkm]Ú, s:t'/L d[u nufot laleGg jGohGt'x? klg kfO{g] ub{5g .

o; If]qdf Ps %@ k|hfltsf h8La'6Lx? /x]sf] jtfO{G5 .

o'–!^ df g]kfn cof]Uo 3f]lift

qmlu:tfgsf] la:s]sdf ut dlxgf ePsf tLgj6f 5gf]6 v]ndf g]kfnn] !^ jif{ eGbf dfyLsf v]nf8LnfO{ ;xefuL u/fPsf] eGb} PPkm;Ln] g]kfnnfO{ RoflDkoG;Lk v]Ng cof]Uo 3f]lift u/]sf]  5 .

5gf]6 v]ndf tLg hgf a9L pd]/sf v]nf8L ;xefuL u/fPsf] eGb} Pl;ofnL km'6an km]8]/]; -PPkm;L_ n] g]kfnnfO{ o'–!^ RoflDkoGf;Lk v]Ng cof]Uo 3f]lift u/]sf] xf] . hf]8{g, cf]dfg / lslu{:tfglj¿4sf ePsf 5gf]6 r/0fsf v]nfdf !^ jif{dfyLsf tLg v]nf8LnfO{ ;xeflu u/fPsf] cf/f]k PPkm;Ln] nufPsf] 5 .

5gf]6 r/0fsf b'O{j6f v]ndf ljho tyf Pp6fdf k/fho ef]u]sf] g]kfnL l6d pTs[i6 ;d"x pkljh]tf x'Fb} ;g\ @)!^ ef/tdf x'g] o'–!^ RoflDkoG;Lkdf 5flgPsf] lyof] . PPkm;Ln] g]kfnL o'–!^ km'6an l6dnfO{ ef/tdf x'g] RoflDkoGf;Lk v]Ng cof]Uo 3f]lift       u/]sf] kq o;cl3 g} clvn g]kfn km'6an ;+3 -PGkmf_ nfO{ k7fO;s]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . 

PPkm;Ln] hf]8{g, cf]dfg / lslu{:tfglj¿4sf] 5gf]6 v]ndf PPkm;L cg'zf;g ;+lxtfsf] cg'R5]b %%=! sf] pNn+3g u/]sf] 7x/ ub}{ PGkmfnfO{ !$ xhf/ % ;o cd]l/sL 8n/ hl/jfgf  u/fpg] klg lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L PPkm;L cg'zf;g ;+lxtfsf] cg'R5]b #! cg';f/ tLg l6d;Fusf] glthf pN6\ofpFb} tL ;a} v]nsf] glthf g]kfnnfO{ k/flht 3f]lift ul/Psf] 5 .

;+lxtfsf] cg'R5]b ^* sf] pNn+3g ul/Psf] 7x/ ub}{ PPkm;Ln] clvn g]kfn km'6an ;+3nfO{ yk !) xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ klg hl/jfgf u/fPsf] 5 . PPkm;Ln] casf lbgdf klg lgod pNn+3g ub}{ uPdf eljiodf PPkm;Ln] ug]{ k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnnfO{ efu lngaf6 al~rt ul/g] klg r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 .  af/Daf/ uNtL ub}{ uPdf of] eGbf klg s8f sf/afxL g]kfnn] ef]Ug'kg]{ r]tfjgL PPkm;Ln] PGkmfnfO{ lbPsf] xf] .

lslu{:tfgdf ePsf] PPkm;L o"–!^ 5gf]6 r/0fsf] v]ndf pTs[i6 pkljh]tfsf ¿kdf g]kfn RoflDkog;Lk 5gf]6 ePsf] lyof] . ;d"x r/0fsf] clGtd v]ndf cf]dg;Fu #–! uf]nn] k/flht ePklg g]kfn pTs[i6 pkljh]tfsf ¿kdf PPkm;L o"–!^ RoflDkog;Lksf nflu 5gf]6 ePsf] lyof] . ef/tdf cfufdL jif{ cfof]hgf x'g] RoflDkog;Lkdf pTs[i6 pkljh]tfsf ¿kdf 5gf]6 x'g] rf/ 6f]nLdf g]kfn;lxt o"PO{, leotgfd / yfONofG8 lyP .

;d"x r/0fsf] clGtd v]ndf g]kfnn] cf]dg;Fu a/fa/Ldfq v]n]sf] eP ;d"x ÚaLÚsf] ljh]tf aG?g] df}sf lyof] .

rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg

bz}+sf lkmNdnfO{ k5f¥of] …k/b]zLÚ n]

n lkmNdL vj/ 

bz}+sf] cj;/ kf/]/ l/lnh ePsf lkmNdx¿dWo]df gf/fo0f /fodfemL lgb]{lzt …k/b]zLÚ cuf8L b]lvPsf] 5 . lgdf{tfsf] egfOnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] of] lkmNdn] b'O{ s/f]8 sn]S;g    ul/;s]sf] 5 .

o;cl3 …uf]vf{ kN6gÚ agfP/ rrf{ / k};f b'a} sdfPsf lgb]{zs /fodfemL / lgdf{tf /fh]z j+znn] o;k6s klg  /fd|} k};f sdfpg] b]lvPsf] 5 . OlG8og cfO{8n ag]kl5 Úuf]vf{ kN6gÚaf6 cleg]tf ag]sf k|zfGt tdfªnfO{ bf];|f] ;kmntf gf/fo0f /fodfemLn] g} lbnfP . k|zfGtn] clego u/]sf cGo lkmNd c;kmn ePsf lyP . 

…uf]vf{ kN6gÚ h:t} …k/b]zLÚ klg rNg'sf] d'Vo cfwf/ ;+uLt kIf ePsf] atfO{G5 . lkmNdsf] syfa:t' klg bz{s tfGg] csf]{ d'Vo dfWod ePsf] xnjfnf atfpF5g\ . lkmNdsf] d]lsª eg] pRr:t/sf] gePsf] ;ldIfssf] n]vfO{ 5 .

bz}+sf] cj;/ kf/]/ …k/b]zLÚ;Fu} …cws§LÚ, …;'>LÚ / Ú7d]n 86 sdÚ l/lnh ePsf lyP . …k/b]zLÚ afx]s cGo lkmNdsf] sn]S;g pRr gePklg lgdf{tfsf] lrQ a'emfpFbf] eg] /x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .

g]kfn gcfpg ;S5g ;ndfg

n lkmNdL vj/

alnp8;Fu} g]kfndf ;d]t k|ltlIft /x]sf] lxGbL lkmNd …k|]d /tg wg kfof]Ú g]kfndf l/lnh x'g] ;Defjgf clglZrt ag]sf] 5 . t/fO{df hf/L aGb tyf lkmNdsf] ljt/0fsf nflu ltg{'kg]{ dx+uf] /sdsf sf/0f lkmNdsf] g]kfn l/lnh clglZrt ePsf] xf] .

t/fO{df ljut &@ lbgb]lv dw];jfbL bnn] ljleGg dfu /fVb} clglZrtsflng aGb hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . oxL aGbsf sf/0f …e}/jÚ, …j8f g+ ^Ú h:tf lkmNd t/fO{df l/lnh ePsf lyPgg\ . of] aLrdf 7"nf] d"Nosf lxGbL lkmNd klg l/lnh ePsf lyPgg\ . t/ …k|]d /tg wg kfof]Ú dx+uf] d"Nosf] lxGbL xf] . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ g]kfnsf nflu lkmNdsf] d"No Ps s/f]8 @% nfv tf]lsPsf] 5 . uf]kLs[i0f ;d"xn] lkmNd lsGg] O{R5f b]vfO{/x]sf] ePklg t/fO{ aGbsf sf/0f xlRsPsf] 5 . s/f]8 eGbf a9L d"No ltg]{ t/ t/fO{df lkmNd         l/lnh gx'Fbf nufgL p7fpg ufx|f] kg]{ cg'dfg ub}{ uf]kLs[i0f dx+uf] d"Nodf lkmNd ljt/0f clwsf/ ltg{ xlRsPsf] ;|f]t atfpF5 .

…ljjfxÚ lgb]{zg u/]sf] ;ft jif{kl5 lgb]{zgdf kmls{Psf ;'/h a8hfTofn] lgb]{zg u/]sf] lkmNdnfO{ /fh>Ls} kl5Nnf] ;dosf] dx+uf] lkmNd dflgPsf] 5 . ;ndfgsf] bf]xf]/f] e"ldsf /x]sf] lkmNddf ;f]gd sk'/, gLnlgltg d's]z cflb snfsf/sf] clego /x]sf] 5 . lkmNd oxL ltxf/sf] cj;/df l/lnh x'g nfu]sf] xf] .

km]/L lx6 …gfO{ geGg' n–$Ú sf lut 

n lkmNdL vj/

…gfO{ geGg" nÚ sf cl3Nnf tLg z[+vnfsf] Pp6} ljz]iftf s] lyof] eg] lkmNdsf] ;+uLt >f]tfsf] dg d'6'df a:g ;kmn ePsf lyP .

z[+vnfsf] Joj;flos ;kmntfsf] h;klg ;+uLtn] g} kfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . oxL d];f]df lkmNdsf] rf}yf] z[+vnfsf] klg ;'l6+u ;lsO;s]sf] 5 / lkmNdsf] klxnf] uLt klg l/lnh eO{;s]sf] 5 .

 km"nkftLsf] lbg l/lnh ePsf] uLtn] xKtf lbg glaTb} nfv bz{s kfO{;s]sf] 5 / o'6\o'adf uLt x]g]{ ;a}n] uLtsf af/]df ;sf/fTds sd]G6 lbPsf 5g\ . k"j]{nL nf]s z}nLsf] uLtn] w]/}sf] dg l/emfPsf] 5 . klxnf] uLt lx6 eP;Fu} lkmNdsf afFsL uLt klg lx6 x'g] lgdf{0f kIfsf] ck]Iff 5 .

n]v

aln k|yf M dfgjLo ;Eotfsf] sn+s

;~ho v8\sf÷nf]Sz/L s'Fj/

g]kfnLx¿sf]] dxfg rfF8 glhlsFb} ubf{ kz'aln lj?4sf] cfjfh p7\g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/ kz'aln lj?4sf] cfjfh obfsbf df};dL ¿kdf dfq p7\g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ut jif{sf] u9LdfO{ d]nfdf x'g] alnk|yflj?4 s8f ¿kdf cfjfh p7]sf] lyof] . b]z leq / b]z aflx/ -ef/t_ af6 klg clx+;f k|]dLx¿n] aln k|yf /f]Sg cfjfh p7fPklg ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfn] cfjfhnfO{ gh/cGbfh ub}{ caf]w kz'k+IfLx¿sf] /ut¿kL xf]nL k|yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] . g]kfnL ;dfhdf aln k|yf ;gftg sfnb]lv rNb} cfPsf] ljZjf;        ul/G5 .

P]ltxfl;s sfnv08sf] kfgf kN6fpFbf dfgj :jfy{sf nflu dfgj aln klg r9fPsf] kfOG5 . h;sf] cjz]if clxn] klg obfsbf afnaflnsfsf] aln lbOPsf] aa{/tfk"0f{ 36gfn] klg b]vfpF5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf JolQmut :jfy{ -efsn_ b]lv lnP/ s'n, kl/jf/ / ;dfhsf] lxt x'g] gfddf b]jb]jLsf] dlGb/df aln lbg] sfo{ rNb}} cfPsf] 5 . b]jbjLsf] gfddf lbgx'Fh;f] xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf kz'k+IfLsf] aln lbOG5 . kz'sf] dxfd]nf eg]/ lrlgg] u9LdfO{ d]nfdf d';fb]lv lnP/ e}+;L, ;'Fu'/, af]sf, s'v'/f / k/]jfsf] aln lbOG5 . k|To]s kfFr÷kfFr jif{df cfof]hgf ul/g] ;f] d]nfdf nfvf}+sf] aln lbOG5 . bz}+df b]jLsf] dlGb/df dfq geO{ 3/÷ 3/df kz' aln lbg] ul/G5 .

lsg lbG5g\ aln <

b]jb]jLnfO{ aln lbFbf b]jb]jLx¿ v'zL x'G5g\ / cfkm"n] lrtfOPsf OR5f, cfsfFIffx¿ ;a} k'/f x'G5g\ eGg] dgf]ljZjf; dflg;df /x]sf] kfOG5 . kz'aln lbP b]jb]jLsf] cfzL{jfb dfkm{t k'q k|fKt x'g] hgljZjf;n] klg kz'aln k|yf ;dfhdf ljBdfg /x]sf] kfOG5 . b]jfnL jf s'n k"hfdf klg kz'aln clgjfo{ ¿kdf lnOG5 . bz}+df ;a} h;f] ;d'bfodf kz'aln lbg' k/fDk/fut clgjfo{tf h:tf] b]lvG5 . lxGb' ;F:sf/df s'le08f], l3/f}nf, lv/sf] no' cflb ck{0f ug{'nfO{ klg alnsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ctM clx+;fjfbLx¿n] zlQm¿kL b]jL b'uf{sf] pkf;gf ubf{ kmnkm"n r9fPsf] kfOG5 . t/ aln k|yfjfbLx¿ eg] k/Dk/fsf] gfddf lgbf]{if kz'sf] 3fF6L /]6]/ /ut r9fpg] aa{/ sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

kz'aln r9fpg] s'/Llt tyf s'k|yfn] xfd|f] ;+:s[ltdfly g} k|Zg p7\g] u/sf] 5 . Psflt/ xfdL ;a} k|f0fL eujfgsf] ;Gtlt xf}F klg eGg] clg csf{lt/ caf]w / lgbf]{if k|f0fLsf] xTof ul/ eujfgnfO{ v'zL kfg]{  gfddf caf]w kz'sf] aln r9fpg] . s] b]jLb]jtfx¿ /utsf Kof;f 5g\ < s] pgLx¿ aln rfxG5g\ < /ut dfU5g\ < Tof] klg cfkm'n] ;[hgf u/]sf] ;Gtfgsf] 3fF6L /]6]/ r9fPsf] /ut <

cfˆg} ;Gtfgsf] aw u/L /ut r9fpFbf eujfg s;/L v'zL x'g ;S5g\ < cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] aln r9fpFbf s'g rfFlx cfdf v'zL x'g;lS5g\ / < ctM lgbf]{if kz'k+IfLsf]] aln r9fpg' b]jLb]jftfnfO{ v'zL xf]Og b'MvL agfpg' xf] Û pgLx¿sf] d'xf/df xif{ xf]Og cfFz'sf] jiff{ u/fpg' xf], lrQ b'vfpg' xf] .

alnk|yf ljBdfg /xg'sf] sf/0f

clxn]sf] PS;fO;f}+ ztfAbLdf klg aln k|yf h:tf] aa{/ / cdfgjLo s';+:s[lt xfd|f] ;dfhdf ljBdfg /xg'sf d'VotM tLg sf/0f /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

klxnf] sf/0f cGwljZjf; g} xf] . cjf]w kz'sf] 3fF6L /]6]/ /ut r9fpFbf b]jLb]jtf v'zL x'G5Gf\, cfkm"n] OR5fPsf] k"/f x'G5 eGg] e|d h'g hgdfg;n] cfˆgf] dg dl:tisdf kfn]sf 5Gf\, ToxL g} aln k|yf h:tf s'k|yfsf] d"n h8 xf] .

cGwljZjf;sf] sfnf] afbn xfd|f] ;dfhdf o;/L d8fl/Psf] 5 ls xfdL :jtGq eP/ ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}gf}+ . h; sf/0f xfdL unt / ;lx larsf] km/s klg 5'§fpg ;Sb}gf}+ / aln k|yf, af]S;L k|yf, 5'jf5"t k|yf h:tf cg]sf}+ s'k|yf tyf s';F:s[ltnfO{        cFufln/x]sf 5f}+ .

bf];|f] sf/0f, /fHon] cGwljZjf;nfO{ k|>o lbg' xf] . /fHosf] st{Jo s'/Llt tyf s'k|yfsf] cGTo u/L ;Eo ;dfhsf] ;[hgf ug{' xf] . t/ la8Dagf eGg' k5{ /fHon] cfˆgf] st{Jo e'n]/ s'k|yfx¿nfO{ k|>o lbO/x]sf] 5 . /fHodf clgi7 s]lx gxf];\, hgsNof0f xf];\ eGg] gfddf / ;f]r] h:tf] x'G5 eGg] e|ddf /fHoåf/f ljleGg zlQmkL7x¿df aln tyf e]6L r9fpg k/Dk/fsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 eGbf cltZof]lQm gxf]nf . k/Dk/fsf] gfddf /fFuf alnsf nflu ;/sf/n] cfly{s ;xof]u ug{' h:tf sfo{n] /fHon] r]tg        dgåf/f g} aln k|yfnfO{ k|>o lbO/x]sf] cfef; x'G5 . g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudåf/f jf]loË v/fa x'Fbf kfOn6,   P/f]gl6sn OlGhlgo/ / lgudsf pRr kbflwsf/L–åf/f ;+oQm ?kdf af]sfsf] aln lbPsf] ;g;gLk"0f{ 36gf klg tfhf g} 5 . k|wfgdGqL h:tf /fHosf pRr kbflwsf/Låf/f k|wfgdGqL lgjf; k|j]z ug{'k"j{ sfnf] af]sf] aln lbg' tyf e}+;L k"hf ug{' h:tf nHhf:kb sfo{n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf cGwljZjf;df cfwfl/t s'/Llt tyf s'k|yfx¿nfO{ a9fjf lbO/x]sf 5g\ . t];|f] sf/0f, wfld{s JolQm tyf ;+3;+:yfx¿lar Psdt gx'g' xf] .

s]lx wfld{s JolQm tyf ;+:yf aln k|yflj?4 plePsf 5g\ eg] s]lx k/Dk/sf] hu]{0ff ug]{ gfddf aln k|yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' kg]{ kIfdf plePsf b]lvG5g\ . o;nfO{ ;dfnf]rgfTds b[li6af6 x]bf{ ?l9jfbL tyf sd{sf08Lo kIfnfO{ cFlusf/ ug]{ wfld{s JolQm jf ;+:yf aln k|yfsf] kIfdf plePsf b]lvG5g\ eg] csf{tkm{ cfWoflTds kIfnfO{ cFlusf/ ug]{ tyf ;dofg's"n ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[lt kl/jt{g jf kl/dfh{g x'g'k5{ eGg] ;f]+r /fVg] wfld{s JolQm jf ;+:yf rfFlx aln k|yfsf] lj?4df plePsf] b]lvG5 .

b'O{ wd{

wd{;Fu kz'aln hf]8\g' sltsf] hfoh xf]nf < jf:tjdf wd{;Fu kz'aln hf]8\g'df g t s'g} t's 5, g t s'g} ts{ . t/ clxn]sf] cEo:t k/Dk/fut k|j[lQnfO{ lgofNbf wd{ klg b'O{ k|j[lQsf b]lvG5g\ . Pp6f aln k|yfnfO{ clgjfo{ ¿kdf :jLsfg]{ / csf]{ aln k|yfnfO{ ljz'4 ¿kdf c:jLsf/ ug]{ Û Pp6f lgbf]{if kz'sf] 3fF6L /]6]/ p;s} cfdf -b]jL_ nfO{ /ut r9fpg] / csf]{ o; wtL{df ;a} k|f0fLsf] plQs} cl:tTj 5 eGg] . Pp6f lx+;fsf] af6f] lx8\g l;sfP/ lx+;|s aGg l;sfpg] / csf]{ clx+;fsf] kf7 l;sfpg] <

wd{ eg]sf] cfkm"n] cfkm"nfO{ phfu/ ug]{ Pp6f af6f] xf] . To;}n] ca xfdLn] cfkm"n] cfkm"nfO{ ;f]Wg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 . xfdL s'g wd{ jf af6f] /f]Hg rfxG5f}+ < s] xfdL ;Eo ;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ af6f] cFufNg] xf] of c;Eo ;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ af6f] cFufNg] xf] < cGwljZjf; d'Qm ;dfh pGd'v af6f] ckgfpg] xf] of cGwljZjf;nfO{ k|>o lbg] af6f] ckgfpg] < clx+;fsf] af6f] lxF8\g l;sfpg] af6f] cFufNg] of lx+;fsf] af6f] lxF8\g l;sfO{ xfdLnfO{ lx+;|s agfpg] af6f] ckgfpg] < ca xfdLn] ;f]Rg] / ofqf¿kL hLjgdf af6f] /f]Hg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .

cGtdf

jf:tjdf xfdLn] aln k|yfsf] cGt/lglxt ;Gb]zd"ns efj a'‰g ;s]gf}+ . aln lbg' eg]sf] Tofu ug{' xf] / xfdL leq /x]sf sfd, qf]w, nfe, df]x, 3[0ff h:tf cdfgjLo u'0f tyf s'k|j[lQx¿ Tofu ug{' xf] . / of] g} ;lx cy{df k~raln lbg' xf] . t/ la8Dagf eGg'k5{ xfd|f] ca'emtf xf] of a]a'emtf, xfdLn] cfˆgf] s'k|j[lQsf] aln lbg' kg]{df lgbf]{if kz'sf] aln lbof}+ . o; k|yfn] xfd|f] s'k|j[lQ a9fpg' afx]s c¿ s]lx u/]sf] 5}g . ctM ca xfdLn] lgd{d kz'alnnfO{ /f]Sg' k5{ . d7 dlGb/nfO{ awzfnf aGg'af6 /f]Sg'k5{ . k|]d / zflGtsf] ;Gb]z af]Sg] wd{nfO{ kz'aln;Fu hf]8\g' x'Fb}g . s'g} klg wfld{s d]nfnfO{ kz'aln dxfd]nf agfpg' xFb}g, aGg lbg' x'Fb}g .

kz'aln cGTo ug{sf nflu ;fF:s[lts k'ghf{u/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ cleofg s} ¿kdf nUg' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . t/ kz'aln k|yfnfO{ ;w}+ ;w}+sf nflu lgld6\ofGg jf pGd"ng ug{sf nflu xfdLn] cfkm"leq /x]sf] s'k|j[lQ tyf cdfgjLo u'0fsf] aln lbg;Sg' k5{ . o;f] ug{ ;s]df dfq zflGtk"0f{ / ;Eo ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

cgnfO{g vj/jf6

df]km;n kqsfl/tf

wfgLg;Sg' k|];sf8{wf/Lx? 5g

hd'gf aiff{ zdf{ -cWoIf_

;~rfl/sf ;d"x, klZrdf~rn If]q

l9n} ePklg lahof bzdL @)&@ sf] z'esfdgf tkfO{nfO{ .

— wGojfb . xh'/ / laDa ;fKtflxs kl/jf/nfO{ klg .

tkfO+{sf] k'/f kl/ro kfpF g <

— hd'gf jiff{ zdf{, cWoIf ;+rfl/sf ;d"x klZrdf~rn . ;Dkfbs kf]v/f PS;k|]; kflIfs ;dfrf/ kq .

tkfO{n] lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf /f]Hg' eof] <

— ;dfhdf /x]sf ljs[lt lj;+ult Pj+ ;fdflhs ;r]tgfsf jf/]df ;flxlTos /rgf ubf{ ub}{ cem egf}+ ;flxlTos kqsfl/tfaf6 o; If]qdf d]/f] k|j]z eof] .

:yfgLo ;~rf/dfWoddf sfd ug{ t lgs} ;d:of 5 eG5g lg Û 

— kqsfl/tf  r'gf}tLk"0f{ k]zf xf] . ;d:of :yfgLodf dfq} xf]Og /fli6«odf klg 5 . c? k]zf h:tf] !) ah] b]lv $ ah];Ddsf] ;dofjlwsf] ;xhtf o; If]qdf 5}g .  csf]{lt/ cfly{s kf6f]af6 klg ldl8ofsdL{ ;Gt'i6 5}gg\ . ljljw ;d:ofx? 5g\ . kqsfl/tf k"0f{ ?kdf k]zf aGg g;Sbf ljljw ;d:of b]lv/x]sf 5g\ . hxfF ;Gt'i6 x'g ;lsb}g ToxfF /dfpg klg ;lsb}g . To;}n] o; If]qdf cfpg] hfg] qmd eO/x]sf] 5 . kqsfl/tfnfO{ d'n k]zf agfP/ lx8\g] kqsf/ lgs} sd 5g\ .

slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] <

— @)%^ ;fndf afun'Ëaf6 k|sflzt x'g] wjn k|eft ;flxlTos klqsfsf]  ;Dkfbs eP/ ;flxlTos kqsfl/tfaf6 o; If]qdf k|j]z ePsf] xf] . @)^) kZrft ;flxlTos kqsfl/tfaf6 d'nwf/sf] kqsfl/tfdf k|j]z eof] . clxn] kf]v/faf6 k|sflzt kf]v/f PS;k|]; kflIfs ;dfrf/ kqsf] k|wfg ;Dkfbs, dlxnf va/ 86 sdsf] If]qLo l/kf]6{/ / /]l8of] hggLdf cfj4 5' . ljleGg /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo kqklqsfdf n]vx? n]Vb} cfPsL 5' .

s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5 <

— kqsf/ ;dfh ?kfGt/0fsf ;+jfxs x'g\ t;y{ d al9 ;fdflhs ljifo a:t'nfO{  /f]Hg] u5'{ . oBlk dlxnfclwsf/sf] jf/]df cln al9g} snd rnfpF5' .

df]km;n} ePklg sf:sL lhNnf t Jo:t / ljsl;t lhNnf xf], kqsf/sf] sdfO{ t /fd|} xf]nf lg <

— cfly{s kIf l7s} xf] . t/ sfdaf6 eg] d ;Gt'i6 5' .

kqsfl/tf k]zfdf nfu]/ s] s] ;d:of ef]Ug' kbf]{ /x]5 t <

— ;d:of x/]s If]qdf x'G5g\ . t'ngfTds ?kdf o;df s]lx al9 xf]nfg\ . lt ;d:of dfq b]Vg] / a]lnlj:tf/ nufpg] xf] eg] of] If]qaf6 xft wf]P/ a:bf al9 cfglGbt eOG5 t;y{ d ;d:ofnfO{ al9 s]nfpFlbg .

Ps dlxnf kqsf/ eP/ k'?if kqsf/sf] eGbf km/s vfnsf ;d:ofx? klg em]Ng' k/]sf] 5 ls <

— ;fdflhs Gofosf b[li6sf]0fsf] cefj /x]sf] xfd|f] ;dfhdf cem} klg dlxnfnfO{ 3/ aflx/ :jtGq ¿kn] sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f alg;s]sf] 5}g . k'/ftgjfbL ;f]rnfO{ lrb}{ cfkm"nfO{ o; If]qdf :yflkt ug{ dlxnfnfO 7'n} s;/t ug'{ k5{ / r'gf}tL klg  dlxnf kqsf/nfO{ g} a9L 5 . h'g pT;fx / pd+u lnP/ o; If]qdf pgLx¿ k|j]z u5{g\ t/ Tof] nfdf] ;do l6Sg kfpFb}g . lj:tf/} j}slNks k];f jf cGo sf/0fn] o;af6 knfog x'g yfNb5g\ . clwsf+z kqsf/ dlxnfx¿ j}jflxs hLjgkl5 of] If]qdf b]lvFb}gg\ . c¿ k];fdf ljjfxkl5 klg lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] kfOG5 . h:t} M lzIf0f, a}+lsª If]q cflb . t/ kqsfl/tfdf eg] To:tf] b]lvPsf] kfOFb}g . ;dosf] kfjGbL gx'g' / x/xd];f vl6g'kg]{, l/kf]l6{ªsf qmddf hxfF klg k'Ug' kg]{ t/ ldlxg]t cg';f/sf] cfsif{s kfl/>lds klg gkfpg] x'Fbf dlxnfx¿n] of] k];fnfO{ Jofj;flos ¿kdf cFufNg ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . To;f] t dlxnf kqsf/x¿ klg ;lhn} hf]lvd df]Ng vf]h]sf] b]lvFb}g . ;lhnf] / ;xh dfq} vf]Hg] k|j[lQn] ubf{ sfo{Ifdtf a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefjdf cj;/ kfPklg Ifdtf b]vfpg g;sL aflxl/g' kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] kfOG5 . /fhwfgLdf /]s8{/, a'd, lel8of] Sofd]/f af]s]/ lxF8\g] dlxnf kqsf/sf klg cfkm\g} ;d:of 5g\ . ljs6 If]qsf snd / 8fo/L af]Sg] dlxnfsf] cj:yf klg p:t} 5 .

lo ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ .

— ;/sf/n] Joj;flos kqsf/sf] nflu nlIft u/]/ ldl8of gLlt Nofpg' k5{ / To;sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog ug'{ k5{ .

o:tf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 .

— e'ldsf c?af6 vf]Hg] eGbf klg cfkm'af6 s] ul/Psf] 5 eGg] xf] ls h:tf] nfU5 . kqsfl/tfdf sfd eGbf al9 bnut /fhgLlt ug]{ / ljrf/sf] :jtGqtfnfO{ lgoGq0f aflx/ nu]/ kf]Vg] ubf{ w]/} ;d:ofx? b]lvPsf 5g\ . cfkm\gf] st{Jo lj;{g] t/ clwsf/ dfq} vf]Hg] sfo{ ubf{ ;d:ofx? alNem/x]sf 5g\ . kqsf/ dxf;+3n] klg clxn] au|]NtL v'n]sf cgnfOg, /]l8of]  / kqklqsf / To;df sfo{/t  kqsf/x?nfO{ lkmN6/ ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . wflgg;Sg' k|]; sf8{ wf/Lx? 5g\ . Go"gtd kfl/>lds P]g sfof{Gjo x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . dxf;+3sf] e'ldsf dxTjk"0f{ ePklg clxn]sf] kl/j]zdf dxf;+3n] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] xs lxtsf nflu kqsf/x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

— kqsf/s} xs lxtsf nflu eg]/ ;femf d'2fdf j}rfl/s ;+u7gx? k|efjsf/L e'ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf]] d}n] kfpg ;s]sL 5}g . of] rf}tf/L, of] o'lgog / of] qmflGtsf/L eg]/ j}rfl/s ?kdf ljeflht u/]/ cfkm\gf] / k/fO 5'6\ofpg] sfd eg] dHh}n] x'g] u/]sf] 5 . 

tkfOs+f] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <

— kqsfl/tf cfkm+}df vf]h / cg';Gwfgsf] kf6f] xf] . ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdf klg kqsfl/tfsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . /fHosf] rf}yf] c+u kqsfl/tf k]zfut dof{bfdf /x]/ lgle{s, lg8/, lgikIf / :jtGqt ?kdf sfd ug]{ xf] eg] ;dfhnfO{ ;'';"lrt u/fpg] ;dfh ?kfGt/0fsf] Ps zlQmzfln dfWod xf] .  

t/ clxn] t ;~rf/sdL{x? lbgx'F ab\gfldt eO{/x]sf] cj:yf 5, ;dfrf/d} df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{, u}/ sfg'gL lqmofsnfkx? ug]{ h:tf cf/f]kx? nfUg yfn]sf 5g, sf:sLsf] cj:yf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

— Ps czn kqsf/ x'g y'k|} r'gf}tL ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . of] k];f cfkm}+df r'gf}tLk"0f{ k];f xf] . Ps lg8/, lgle{s / eo/lxt ¿kdf ;dfhnfO{ ;';"lrt kfg]{ kx/]bf/sf ¿kdf vl6g] kqsf/ ;w}+ sf]xL g sf]xLaf6 tf/f] alg/x]sf] x'G5 . of] cj:yfdf kqsf/n] cfkm\gf] d[To' la;]{/ Joj;flos wd{ lgefO/x]sf] x'G5 . sltko cj:yfdf kqsf/ :jo+n] kfng ug'{kg]{ cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g ubf{ o; If]qdf lxnf] 5\ofKg] sfd ;d]t ePsf] 5 . s]xL km/s kf6f]x¿ 5g\ kqsfl/tf k];f / cGo k];fdf . of] k];f !) b]lv % ah]sf] hflu/df dfq ;Lldt x'Fb}g . Oi6ldq / cfkmGtleq afFlwP/ /xg klg ;Sb}g . o; k];fdf :yflkt x'g]x¿n] s'g} g s'g} ¿kaf6 cfkm\gf] JolQmut hLjgsf s]xL kf6f]x¿nfO{ ltnf~hnL lbg ;Sg'kb{5 . To;}n] sltn] o;nfO{ k];fsf ¿kdf lng rfxFb}g\ clg eGg] u5{g\ …d ;f}vn] nfu]sf] x'F .Ú slxn]sfxLF o;/L …;f}vÚ kfNg]x¿n] o; If]qnfO{ abgfd u/fO/x]sf x'G5g\ . lsgls pgLx¿sf] k];f cs}{ x'G5 . clg Odfgbf/ kqsf/dfly cf}+nf t]:of{OG5 . sf:sLdf cfj/0fwf/L kqsf/x? lj:yflkt eO/x]sf 5g\ .

tkfO{ t To;} klg dlxnf kqsf/, dlxnfx? k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf a9L O{dfgbf/ x'G5g\ eGg] 5, o:tf s'/fdf nfUg' ef 5}g xf]nf lg <

— n}lËs lx;fjn] sf] OdfGbf/ sf] a]Odfg eGbf klg JolQmut :jefjaf6 lglb{i6 x'g] Jojxf/ xf] . dnfO{ nfU5 dlxnf ;a} ;Hhg / k'?if ;a} a]Odfg eGg ldNb}g . t/ klg cfh;Dd kqsf/ dlxnfn] k];f ljk/Lt sfd u/]sf] eGg] ;dfrf/ rfFlx d}n] ;'g]sL 5}g . d]/f] s'/f ug'{x'G5 eg] d k]zfut dof{bfdf / cfrf/ ;+lxtfk|lt ;w} ;hs 5' .

;do / larf/sf nflu wGojfb . 

— 8f]6Laf6 klg dnfO ;Dem]/ cfkm\gf] ljrf/ /fVg] cj;/ lbg' ePsf]df laDa ;fKtflxsnfO{ klg w]/} w]/} wGojfb .

/Ë gDj/

>ª\vnf –(

Pp6f :jf:gL dfG5], To;dfyL cw{ kl/lrt, ckl/lrt g} eGbf klg x'G5 v'au/L em"SofPsf] k6Ss} dg k/]sf] lyPg . w]/} lbg eof] d}n] kmf]g ul/g s'GgL lsg xf] p:n] klg ul/g . dgdg} ;f]Rb} lyPF æs'Rrf]n] a8fg'{ kg]{ kmf]x/ xfjfn] p8fof]Æ l7s} eof] .

sxfFsf] glrg]sf] Ps dlxnf a]sf/df p:sf] / d]/f] b'a}sf] ;do vr{ ub}{ 5 . Ps k'?if dfG5]nfO{ o;/L lh:sfpg] gf/L s:tL x'FbL xf] Ps k6s e]6\g' k5{ eGg] s'/f klg dg gcfPsf] xf]O{g . t/ o:tf dfdnfdf nfUg' x'Gg gePsf] ajfndf kml;Pnf eGg] nfUof] kmf]g gug]{ g} lgwf] u/]F . c;f]h % ut] lahof bzdL, l6sfsf] lbg cfkm\g} 3/sf] cfugdf l6sfsf] ;fot kv]{/ a;]sf] lyPF . ;fgf s]6fs]6Lx? cfFugdf gofF n'uf nufP/ /d]sf b]lvGy] .

bz}Fsf] ;dodf kmf]g eGbf Dof;]hsf] rfk lyof] . XofKkL bz}F eGg] eg]/ k7fPsf Dof;]h w]/} lyPF . sltnfO{ l/KnfO{ u/]F sltnfO{ ul/g, To;sf] Plsg lyPg w]/} eGbf w]/}nfO{ hjfkmdf æ;]d 6' o"Æ n]v]/ k7fPsf] lyPF .

laxfg b]lv kmf]g cfPsf] lyPg . s/Lj bz ah]/ !% ldg]6df gofF gDa/af6 kmf]g cfof] .

XofKkL bz}F -rfFbgLsf] cfjfh lyof]_

;]d 6' o" .

s:tf] x'Fb}5 bz}Fsf] tof/L <

/fd}| 5 . -dg gnfu]/} ePklg_

gofF tfhf . -csf]{ k|Zg_

pxL k'/fgf] xf], gofF bz}F dfq cfPsf] 5 .

tkfO{sf ;a} kl/jf/nfO{ bz}Fsf] z'esfdgf 5 x} .

tkfO{sf] klg .

lsg l/;fpg' eof] < -csf]{ kZg ul/, cfh k|Zg ug]{ kfnf] p;}sf] lyof] . d sd eGbf sd zAbdf p:sf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg] kIfdf lyP ._

l/;fPsf] eGbf klg l;/Lo; lsg ePsf] eGbf pko'Qm x'GYof] xf]nf .

lsg l;l/o; t <

bz}F cfof] To;}n] .

s:tf] cRrdsf] dfG5] bz}F cfPdf klg l;/Loz, lKnh eGg' g s] eof] <

bz}Fdf ltld cfPgf}F To;}n] lg . -Ps k6s b'a} xfF:of}F_

sf/0f kSs} To:tf] xf]O{g . -yfxf kfP em}F egL_

clg sf/0f s] xf] ltld g} eg <

Tof] klg yfxf 5}g .

yfxf s] 5 < -d}n] klg k|ZgdfyL k|Zg yKb} lyPF_

d gcfPsf] sf/0fn] o:tf] l;/Lo; kSs} xf]O{g olQ yfxf 5 .

clxn] kmf]g /fvf}F . w]/} k|Zg ug{ dg nfu]g

x'G5 d kl5 kmf]g u5{' . -s'/fsf] la6 p;}n] df/L wGg ;w}F h:tf] u/L p cRrflsnf] tl/sfaf6 k|:t't eO{g ._

x'G5 . -olQ eGb} kmf]g /flvof]_

nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] tof/Lsf nflu pkof]uL

laifout k|Zgx?

!= Blue Dollar, Red Dollar, White dollar  and  Petro Dollar  eg]sf] s] xf] <

— Blue Dollar : v'nf cfsfzdf e"–pku|xsf] k|If]k0f u/]/ ef8fsf ?kdf jf ljqmL u/L k|fKt x'g] ljb]zL d'b|f cyf{t v'nf cfsfzaf6 ;]jf, ;'ljwf k'¥ofP jfkt k|fKt x'g] ljb]zL d'b|fnfO{ Blue Dollar elgG5 .

Red dollar M tTsflng ;f]leot ;+3 tyf kIf /fi6«x?df ;femf ?kdf kl/rfng ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] d'b|fnfO{ Red dollar elgG5 .

White Dollar M hnljB't / kfgL lgof{t u/]/ cfh{g ljb]zL d'b|fnfO{ a'lemG5 .

Petro doller M k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ lgof{t u/]/ cfh{g u/]sf] d'b|fnfO{ a'lemG5 .

@= Brain Drain eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <

— t'ngfTds ?kdf a9L cfly{s nfesf nflu tyf cGo lsl;dsf ;'ljwfx?sf] nflu ljz]if u/L ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x?sf j}1flgs, O{lGhlgo/, 8fS6/ tyf laz]if1x?, j'l4lhjLx? cGo b]zdf knfog x'g] kl/kf6LnfO{ k|ltef knfog (Brain Drain) elgG5 . k|ltef knfogn] ubf{ wlg / ul/a /fi6«x? larsf] vf8n a9L/x]sf] 5 . Brain Drain sf] ;d:ofn] ubf{ klg ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x? cfTd lge{/ x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ / ljsf;df k5fl8 kb}{ uPsf 5g\ .

#= lu|g a]N6 df]ed]G6 eg]sf] (Green Belt Movement) sf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro lbg'xf];\ .

— jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu ;g\ !(&& b]lv clkm|sL /fi6« s]GofsL k|l;4 jftfj/0flab\ dyfOn] dlxnfx?nfO{ dfq ;xefuL u/fO j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ tyf h+un km8fgL /]Sg] p2]Zon] s]Gofdf ;~rfng u/]sf] cleofgnfO{ g} lu|g a]N6 df]ed]G6 elgG5 . k|To]s cfdfn] cfˆgf aRrf / lj?jfnfO{ a/fa/ ddtf k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 eGg] gf/fsf ;fy of] cleofg ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . j[Iff/f]k0f / jg        ;+/If0fsf nflu hg ;xeflutfsf] kl/rfngaf6 pNn]Vo ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] pSt cleofgnfO{ ljZjsf cGo /fi6«x?df ;d]t cjnDag ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .

$= Ol;df]8 (ICIMOD) sf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro lbg'xf];\ .

— cGt/fli6«o PsLs[t kj{tLo ljsf; s]Gb| (International Centre for Integrated Mountaineering Devlopment) sf] 5f]6s/Ldf gfd g} Ol;df]8 xf] . o;sf] :yfkgf ;g\ !(*# l8;]Da/ % df sf7df08f}+df ePsf] xf] . o; ;+:yfdf lxGbs'z kj{tLo If]qsf * /fi6«x? ckmufgl:tfg, kfls:tfg, ef/t, g]kfn, rLg e'6fg a+unfb]z / Dofgdf/ k5{g . o; s]Gb|sf k|d'v p2]Zo lxGbs'z lxdfnosf b]zx?jLr cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo b[li6af6 pko'St x'g] lasf; sfo{nfO{ 6]jf lbO{ o; If]qsf] cfly{s l:ylt clea[l4 ug'{ xf] . of] ;+:yfnO{ :jL6h/Nof08n, hd{gL / o'g]:sf] h:tf /fi6« tyf ;+:yfn] ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ .

%= k[YjL ;Dd]ngsf] af/]df n]Vg'xf];\ .

— /fi6«;+3Lo jftfj/0f sfo{qmd (UNEP) sf] cfof]hgfdf a|flhnsf] l/of] b h]g]l/of]df ;g\ !((@ h'g #–!$ ;Dd ePsf] jftfj/0f ;DalGw ;Dd]ngnfO{ k[YjL ;Dd]ng (Eart Summit) elgG5 .

— of] ljZjsf] xfn;Ddsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;Dd]ng xf] . Psdfq k[YjLsf] :ofxf/ / pkof]u u/f}+ eGg]  gf/f /x]sf] of] ;Dd]ngdf laZjsf] !&* /fi6«sf /fi6«fWoIf, ;/sf/ k|d'v, dGqL nufot pRr:t/Lo k|ltlglw d08nsf #%)) k|ltlglw tyf &)) /fi6«;+3Lo kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . of] ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnsf tkm{af6 tTsflng k|wfgdGqL lul/hf k|;fb sf]O{/fnfn] efu lng' ePsf] lyof] . o; ;Dd]ngdf xl/tu[x k|efj ;lGw kl/t ug'{sf] ;fy} h'g * nfO{ ;d'Gb| lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf ;DaGwdf @%)) ;'emfj k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .  ;f] ;Dd]mngdf ljZjsf !%@ /fi6«x?n] ljZjdf b'n{e xF'b} uPsf] lj?jf / hLjhGt' ;+/If0f ;DalGw h}las ljljwtf ;lGwdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP . k[YjL ;Dd]ngn] lgDg lnlvt $ d'ne't ljifox?   kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] M

s_ h}ljs ljljwtf 

v_ Ph]08f @! 

u_ df};d kl/jt{g

3_ jg;+/If0f ;DalGw l;4fGt

a:t'ut k|Zgx?

!= s[lif tyf ag lj1fg ljZjljBfnon] b]zdf klxnf] lj1fg s]G› sxfF :yfkgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 < — bfdg, dsjfgk'/

@= lj=;+ @)&! df cflbjf;L /fi6« uf}/j k'/:sf/ s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] <

— 8f= xs{ u'?ª / Odfgl;+x r]Dhf]ª

#= kfFrf} /fli6«o nlntsnf k|bz{gL slxn] cfof]hgf ul/g] ePsf] 5 <

— lj=;+ @)&@ j}zfv @ b]vL h]7 @ ;Dd

$= lj=;+ @)&! r}q @) df a;]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7sn] s'g lbgnfO{ pBf]u lbj;sf ?kdf 3f]if0ff ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] <

— d+l;/ ( ut]

%= blIf0fL ;'8fgn] ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3sf] !(# cf}+ ;b:osf] ?kdf slxn] ;b:otf k|fKt u¥of] < — ;g\ @)!! h'nfO{ ( df

;|f]t ;+sns M /fd lai6

;flxTo l;h{gf

uf}td a'4

czflGtsf] cGTo u/f}+

agL zflGtsf k"hf/L

a'4sf] zflGt dfu{tkm{ nfuf}+

zflGtåLk afnL .

zflGtsf cu|b"t aGof}+

l;4fy{ ltdL eujfg a'4 agL

zflGtsf] ;Gb]z rf/}lt/ lkmhfof}

;f/f ;+;f/df ;'v xf]; egL

zflGtsf] nflu kf7 k9fof}

a'4 ltdLn] g]kfnsf] klxrfg agL

zflGtsf] Wjhf ;a} tL/ km/km/fof}

of] a|Dxf08sf ;a} hgsf nflu

cfTdLotf a9fpg] sfd u/fof} .

ltdLn] ;dfgtfsf] k|lts agL

;a}sf] enf] xf];\ egL lrtfof}

ltd|f cfbz{ xfd|f] nflu ;+w}el/

cuf+n]/ /fVg] cfwf/ agfof} .

g]kfn xfd|f] b]znfO{ ;jf]{Rr

;'Gb/ zfGt b]z egL lrgfof} .

c?0faxfb'/ vqL ægbLÆ

;fdfv';L ;flxTo ;dfh, sf7df08f}+

s] dnfO{ cfdf / b]z arfpg] clwsf/ 5}g <

gq lsg eG5f} < aGb's ;dfpg] clwsf/ 5}g ..

oL cfFvf klg p;}sf] b'Mvdf /;fO lbG5g\ .

h;sf] b'Mvdf cfFz' aufpg] clwsf/ 5}g ..

P Û ;flns a:g] dg eP l;dfgfd} uP/ a;\ .

tFnfO{ rf]sdf pleP/ lgbfpg] clwsf/ 5}g ..

To;}n] 5f]Kg] lalQs} xfjfx'/Ln] p8fO lbG5 .

lsg ls afbnnfO{ h'g n'sfpg] clwsf/ 5}g ..

lagf gfd 7]ufgfsf] Pp6f kqdf lnlvt lyof] .

ltdL h:tfn] dnfO{ u'nfa k7fpg] clwsf/ 5}g ..

nId0f ;+ud

9sf/L–$ c5fd

uhn

b'O{6f d'6' Ps} 7fpFdf s;f} h'gL e/L

ltld km'n d 8fnL e} a;f} h'gL e/L

d/] nfg' s] 5 ;fg' vf]qmf] lhGbuLdf

xfF;L v'zL lk|ltsf] t]n 3;f+} h'lg e/L

olb st} xfd|f] lardf cfFwL cfof] eg]

gem's]/} ;fxf;n] 3'8f w;f}+ h'gL e/L

;Rrf k|]d ug]{x? ;w}+ ;kmn /xG5Gf\

lk|ltsf] km'n km'nfP/ v;f}+ h'gL e/L

Oltxf;n] ;w}+ xfd|f] ;Ddfg ug]{ u/L

Ps csf{sf] Åbodf k;f}+ h'lge/L

bLks g]kfnL

hfh/sf]6, 6fn]ufpF

kfO{G5

cfhsfn dfofn' ahf/df kfO{G5

;'tf{ gu/ 5fgL 5fgL xhf/df kfO{G5

crlDdt x'g]5f} ljZjf; g} ub}{gf}

?kjtL 5\ofk–5\ofKtL s/f/df kfO{G5

yl/yl/ :jfbsf] ck]Iff u5f}{ eg]

kf6L{leqsf] Tof] rdTsf/df kfO{G5

lxdfn r9 jf dfG5sf] a'O r9

ax'd"No tSdf ;/sf/df kfO{G5

s;}sf] k"0f{–ljj/0f hfGg' 5 eg]

lj:t[t hfgsf/L ;dfrf/df kfO{G5 .

k|ltIff ;fg'

;'Vv8 s}nfnL