बिम्ब नेपाली साप्ताहिक, मिति २०७३ साल कार्तिक २ गते मंगलवार

kqsf/ cfrf/ ;+lxtf @)^) df pNn]lvt cfr/0fx?sf] pn+3g u/]sf] 5 elg lkl8t kIfnfO{ nfu]df To:tf kqsf/ tyf ;~rf/dfWod la?4 k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq k|]z sfplG;ndf  ph'/L lbO{ cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f u/f}+

g]kfn ;/sf/

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

d'Vo ;dfrf/

laB't ;"rf? x'g cem} s]xL ;do nfUg]

s}nfnL, s~rgk'/df 6«fG;kmd{/ / u]o/ Kofgnsf] vf]hL ul/Fb}

bz}+sf] /demd;+u} d:t lgGb|fdf ePsf a]nf PsfPs cfuf] nfu]/ cj?4 ePsf] laB't ;]jf ;"rf? x'g cem} s]xL ;do nfUg] laB't k|flws/0fn] hgfPsf] 5 . laB't ;"rf? ug{sf nflu s}nfnL / s~rgk'/df hu]8fdf /flvPsf] 6«fG;kmd{/sf] vf]hL eO{/x]sf] 5 .

laB't k|flws/0fsf] lbkfonl:yt la/t0f s]Gb|df c;f]h @% ut] cyf{t lahof bzdLsf] /ftL #=#) jh] cfunfuL ePsf] lyof] .   k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/L e/t åf/Lofsf cg';f/ laB't cfk'lt{df 36j9 eO{ ;6 x'Fbf cfunfuL ePsf] lyof] . cfunfuL nuQ} cQ/Lofaf6 kxf8 nfO{gsf] laB't k|;f/0f  /f]sL cfuf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{Psf] åf/Lofn] hfgsf/L lbP . cfunfuLaf6 !% s]eLPsf] Ps 6«fG;kmd{/ / !! s]eLPsf b'O{ :jLr km]8n u]o/x? hn]/ gi6 ePsf lyP .

laB't cfk'lt{ ltxf/ cuf8Lg} ;"rf? ug]{ k|of;df /x]sf] k|flws/0fn] hgfPsf] 5 . k|flws/0fsf] lbkfon sfof{nosf k|d'v nlntgf/fo0f rf}w/Ln] pQm hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g . cfunfuLaf6 If]lt ePsf ;fdfgx? vf]hL ug{ s~rgk'/ k'u]sf rf}w/Ln] laDa ;fKtflxs;+u 6]lnkmf]gdf s'/f ub}{ eg] …clxn] tTsfn lo ;fdu|Lx? lsg]/ Nofpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5}g, To;}n] otf s}nfnL s~rgk'/lt/ st} hu]8fdf /x]sf ;dfgx? eP x]b}{5' .Ú bz}+ dgfpg 3/ uPsf rf}w/L cfuf] nfu]sf] hfgsf/L kfpgf ;fy @^ ut] laxfg} 3/jf6 lx8]sf lyP .

cfuf]sf sf/0f s/Lj &% b]lv *) nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] If]lt ePsf] jtfpFb} rf}w/Ln] eg] …tTsfn laB't ;"rf? x'g' kg]{ dfu lgb]{zs Ho";+u klg u/]sf] 5', d]/f] k|oTg e/;s bz}+ cuf8Lg} laB't ;"rf? ePsf]  x'g]5 .Ú

k|flws/0fsf] lbkfon s]Gb|af6 8f]6Lsf] agn]s ufla; b]lv otfsf ;j} If]qx? / c5fd lhNnfdf ;d]t laB't cfk'lt{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . laB't cfk'lt{ /f]lsPkl5 ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L sfof{nosf sfdsfhx? ;d]t 7Kk x'g k'u]sf 5g . laB't cfk'lt{df cfPsf] c;xhtfn] :yfgLo ;~rf/dfWod / ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ ;d]t ;d:of ePsf] ;~rf/sdL{x? jtfpF5g .

lbkfondf /x]sf b'O{ 6«fG;kmd{/dWo] Psdf cfunfuL ePklg csf]{ 6«fG;kmd{/af6 ;j} 7fpFdf laB't cfk'lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf sf/0f cfnf]kfnf] u/L laB't cfk'lt{ ul//xg' k/]sf] k|flws/0fn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . o; If]qdf clxn] s/Lj !@ 306f b}lgs nf]8;]l8Ë eO{/x]sf] 5 .

;DkfbsLo

cj ltxf/sf] kfnf]

lxGb' g]kfnLx?sf] k|d'v rfF8 bz}+sf] /demd cf}krfl/s ?kdf ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . c;f]h !% ut] 36:yfkgfsf] lbg cf}krfl/s ?kdf bz}+ nfu]klg jhf/sf] rxn kxn eg] s/Lj Ps dlxgf cuf8L b]lvg} tflt;s]sf] lyof] . la:tf/} /f}gs a9\b} uof] / c;f]h @( ut] sf]hfu|t k"l0f{df;+u} of] /f}gs cf}krfl/s ?kdf ;DkGg eof] . bz}+ ;s]/ cfkm\gf] uGtJolt/ kms{g]x?sf] clxn] cf]O{/f] 5 . ;jf/L ;fwgx?nfO{ clxn] ofq'x? cf];fg{ EofO{ gEofO{ 5 .

o; jif{sf] lahof bzdL ;'b"/klZrd / 8f]6Lsf nflu ;fdfGog} /x\of] . oBkL ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L ^ hgfn] Hofg u'dfpg' k¥of] ;'b"/klZrddf . h;dWo] Pssf] 8f]6Ldf klg Hofg uof] . b'3{6gfdf k/L csfnd} Hofg u'dfpg]x?k|lt >4f~hnL tyf ;f]sfs'n kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf 5 .

lautsf aif{x?sf] t'ngfdf o; jif{sf] lahof bzdL ;'b"/klZrdsf nflu Tolt lk8fbfoL /x]g . cGo If]qdf h:tf / lautsf aif{x? h:tf 7'nf ;jf/L b'3{6gfx? of] If]qdf o; kfnLsf] bz}+df ePgg\ . ;+of]u xf] of o; If]qsf oftfoft Joj;foLx?sf] ;fjwfgL / ;'/Iff lgsfosf] zts{tf, h] ePklg xfdLn] b'j} kIfnfO{ wGojfb lbg' k5{ . lautsf jif{x? h:t} o; jif{ bz}+sf] a]nfdf ;fdfGo kmf§km'§ 3/fo;L emu8f afx]s 8f]6Ldf c? To:tf s'g} 36gf ePgg\ . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 8f]6Lsf k|d'vn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ of] bz}+df s'6lk6 ePsf] s'g} klg 36gf k|x/Ldf cfPg . s'g} JolQmnfO{ klg rfF8jf8sf] a]nf y'Gg' k/]g . k|x/L;Dd gcfP/ xf] of km]/L 36gfg} gePsf sf/0f xf] Tof] a]Un} kf6f] xf]nf t/ 36gf gx'g' v'zLsf] s'/f xf] . o;sf nflu klg ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ wGojfb lbg' k5{ .

t/, bz}+ dfq} ;lsPsf] 5 . csf]{ dxfg rfF8 ltxf/ cfpg jfFsLg} 5 . h'jf / hfF8sf] ;ld|>0f eGbf klg x'G5 8f]6L /   ;'b"/klZrdsf] xsdf of] rfF8nfO{ . hfF8 / h'jfg} czflGtsf h8 x'g eGg] s'/f klg lautsf aif{x?n] b]vfO{ ;s]sf] 5 . bz}+ eGbf ltxf/sf] a]nfdf a9L em}–emu8f x'G5 eGg] s'/f k|x/Lsf] /]s8{ cfkm} klg af]N5 . To;sf/0f ;'/Iff lgsfosf] ;lqmotf bz}+sf] eGbf ltxf/sf] ;dodf cem a9L rflxG5 .

;'? eO{;s]sf] 5 . ltxf/sf] /demd . ;d;fFem} h'jfsf vfnx? a:g yfln;s] . /fte/L h'jf v]n]/ lbp;e/L /ftL ePsf] h'jfsf] jofg x'g yfln;Sof] 7fpF7fpFdf . h'jf;+u} dlb/fsf] laqmL lat/0fdf klg a[l4 eOs:of] . :yfgLo k|zf;g hfUg' kg]{ a]nf cfO{;Sof] . ;'/Iff lgsfon] ;lqmotf a9fpg' kg]{ a]nf cfO{;Sof] . kqsf/x?n] ;dfrf/ n]Vof] eg]/ dlSsg] xf]O{g, hgtfsf] lardf pkl:ylt b]vfpg] / u}/ sfg'gL lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{ kg]{ a]nf cfO{;Sof] . a? o;sf nflu s] ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 ;j} If]qaf6 ;xof]u lng' kg]{ a]nf cfO{;Sof] . km]/L klg oxfF pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ eof] cj ;'/IffsdL{n] cfkm' jflx/ pleP/ leq c?nfO{ h'jf v]Ng nufpg] / sld;g vfg] v]nsf] cGTo x'g' k5{ . o;sf nflu :yfgLo k|zf;g / ;'/Iff lgsfo k|d'vx? tof/ x'g' k5{ .

h;/L lautsf] t'ngfdf o; jif{sf] bz}+ ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] ;fdfGo eof] To;/Lg} o; jif{sf ltxf/ klg pbfx/0f aGg' k5{ . h'jf tf; k"0f{ ?kdf u}/ sfg'gL xf] . of] /f]Sg' /fHosf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . of t /fHon] sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sb}g eGg ;Sg' k5{ xf]O{g eg] h'jftf; /f]Sg' k5{ . k|x/L k|zf;gsf] ;fdfGo sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f nfvf}+ JolQmx? 3/af6 a]3/ x'g ;S5g olt a]nf . To;}n] of] ltxf/sf] j]nfdf h'jf / hfF8af6 6f9} a:g] afgLsf] lasf; ug'{ h?/L 5 . 

yk ;dfrf/

ejg gx'Fbf cWofkgdf ;d:of

…;–;fgf sf]7f 5g, Pp6} sf]7fdf %)÷^) laBfyL{x? /fv]/ k9fpg' kg]{ afWotf 5, clg s;/L u'0f:t/Lo lzIff  x'G5 < lzIfsnfO{ dfq bf]if lbP/ s] ug'{, ;/sf/n] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ t lbg' kg]{ xf] lg ÛÚ

:yfgLo cleefjs la/jxfb'/ /f]sfof laBfnosf] 5]pdf pleP/ s/fO{ /x]sf lyP . pgL eGb} lyP …hxfF ejg cfjZos xf] Toxf lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] klg cfFvf k'Ub}g t/ hxfF kof{Kt ejg 5g ToxfF yk ejg lbG5 .Ú

8f]6L nfldvfn ufla;df /x]sf] di6fdf08f}+ dfladf ejg cefjsf sf/0f k7gkf7gdf ;d:of eO{/x]sf] lzIfs cleefjsx? jtfpF5g . b'O{ ;o rf/ 5fq / b'O{ ;o kfFr 5fqf u/L rf/ ;o gf} laBfyL{ cWoog/t o; laBfnodf ejgsf gfddf ;]tL kl/of]hgfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] k'/fgf] Ps ejg / lhNnf lhNnf sfof{non] lgdf{0f u/]sf b'O{ sf]7] b'O{ Jns dfq /x]sf 5g . ;]tL kl/of]hgf cGt/ut lgld{t ejgsf sf]7fx? ;fgf ePsf sf/0f laBfyL{x?nfO{ vf]/df e]8f afv|f y'g]em}F y'Gg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] laBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf wd{ /f]sfof jtfpF5g . pgL eG5g\ …ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu k6s k6s lhNnf lzIff sfof{no;+u cg'/f]w ul/of] t/ s]xL ;Lk rn]g .Ú hxfF kx'Fr 5 ToxfF ejg hfg] u/]sf] pgsf] a'emfO{ /x]sf] 5 .

laBfnosf k|wfgfWofks g/jxfb'/ /f]sfof eG5g\ …;fgf sf]7f 5g, laBfyL{x?nfO{ a:gnfO{ klg 7fpF x'Fb}g .Ú sIffsf]7fdf z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? nu]/ k9fpg], lzIfsn] 3'd]/ ;j} laBfyL{x?nfO{ Wofg lbg] h:tf] jftf/0fg} gjGg] u/]sf] k|wfgfWofks /f]sfofsf] egfO{   5 . cfkm'x?n] k6s k6s ejg dfu u/]sf] ePklg lhNnf lzIff sfof{noaf6 s'g} ;'g'jfO{ gePsf] u'gf;f] /f]sfofsf] 5 . …ejg dfu u/] zf}rfno lbG5gÚ pgL eG5g\ …s'g} 7fpFdf laBfyL{ geP/ klg k|;:t ejg jgfO{Psf 5g, xfdLn] ;w}+ cefj em]Ng' kg]{ cj:yf 5 .Ú

lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] l;sfO{ pknJwL dfq} /fd|f] vf]Hg] u/]sf] t/ laBfnosf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] af/]df Wofg glbg]  u/]sf] laJo;sf cWoIf wd{ /f]sfof jtfpF5g . …hj sIffsf]7fdf lzIf0f ;fdu|L nu]/ hfg] ;d]t cj:yf x'Fb}g clg s;/L u'0f:t/Lo lzIff x'G5 <Ú /f]sfofsf] k|Zg 5 .

o;/L eO{g k|fyL{ s'kf]if0fd'Qm

…hj d}n] d]/f] 5f]/L k|fyL{ s'kf]lift ePsf] yfx kfPF dnfO{ w]/} 8/ nfUof] . s;/L d}n] 5f]/LnfO{ tGb'?:t jgfpg] eg]/ lrGtf nfUof] t/ hj d lgoldt ?kdf kf]if0f s]Gb|df hfg yfn], d}n] 5f]/LnfO{ s'kf]if0fd'Qm jgfpg] pkfo l;s] . clxn] d]/f] 5f]/L tGb'?:t 5 .Ú

8f]6L d'8e/f ufla;–@ sL /fh'b]jL ;fsL{ s'kf]lift 5f]/LnfO{ :j:y jgfpg ;kmn ePsf]df v'zL JoQm ul5{g . >Ldfg\ jxfb'/ ;fsL{ /f]huf/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf ef/t uPkl5 b'O{ 5f]/f, Ps 5f]/L / a[4 ;f;'  ;;'/fsf] x]/rfxsf] lhDd]jf/L /fh'sf] sfFwdf cfof] . pgL elG5g\ …3/fo;L / v]tLsf] sfd klg ug'{ kg]{ 5f]/LnfO{ ;dog} lbg ;lsgF, To;}n] ;fob s'kf]lift eO{g .Ú

clzlIft ePsf sf/0f klg x'g ;S5 /fh'nfO{ ;Gt'lnt cfxf/sf] af/]df Tolt hfgsf/L ePg . pgsL 5f]/L h:t} ufpFsf cGo afnaflnsfx? klg s'kf]lift ePsf] pgL jtfpFl5g . …dnfO{ t hfgsf/L klg x'g] lyPg 5f]/L s'kf]lift 5 eGg] s'/fÚ /fh'b]jL elG5g\ …;dfg kx'Fr lasf; s]Gb| -l;8_ g]kfn gfds u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lzlj/af6 hfgsf/L kfPF .Ú

cfdfsf] dg g xf], 5f]/L s'kf]lift ePsf] ;'Gbf pgL cflQO{g . Tof] If0f ;Demb} pgL elG5g\ …cj s] u/f}+, s] u/f}+ eof], lbdfudf cg]s s'/fx? v]Ng yfn] .Ú pgnfO{ l;8 g]kfnn] ufpFd} kf]if0f s]Gb| ;~rfng ul//x]sf] s'/f  hfgsf/L eof] . pgL klg kf]if0f s]Gb|df 5f]/LnfO{ nu]/ lgoldt hfg yflng .

…d}n] kf]if0f s]Gb|df l;s]sf s'/fx? Jojxf/df nfu' u/]FÚ /fh' elG5g\ …To;}n] cfh d]/f] 5f]/L :j:y eO{g .Ú clxn] 5f]/L k"0f{ ?kdf :j:y ePsf]df pgL v'zL JoQm ul5{g\ . ;+:yfn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] :j:y afnaflnsf k|lt:kwf{df pgsf] 5f]/L k'/:s[t klg eO{g . clxn] pgL ufpFdf ;j}nfO{ kf]if0f s]Gb|df l;s]sf s'/fx? 3/df nfu' ug{ ;'emfj lblG5g\ .

kf]if0f s]Gb| cfkm\gf] ufFpsf] nfuL lgs} k|efjsf/L ePsf]  / ufFpdf ;a}n] kf]if0fsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng] df}sf kfPsf] /fh' jtfpFl5g\ . s]Gb|df kfPsf] 1fgsf] cfwf/df clxn] cfkm'n] 5f]/f5f]/Lx?sf] :jf:Yodf lgoldt ?kn] Wofg lbO{/x]sf]  /fh' jtfpFl5g .

dxfsfnL oftfoftsf kbflwsf/L k|x/L lgoGq0fdf 

s~rgk'/df /x]sf] dxfsfnL ;]tL oftfoft ;ldltsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ k|x/Ln] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] 5 .

s~rgk'/af6 ;'? ePsf] gd:t] z'SnfkmfF6f k|flnsf] a;dfyL dxfsfnL ;]tL oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldlt ;DjGw JolQmx?n] tf]8\kmf]8f u/]sf] eGb} k|x/Ln] pgLx?nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] xf] . gd:t] z'SnfkmfF6fsf] a; cfO{tjf/ tf]8\kmf]8 ePkl5 dxfsfnL ;ldltsf g]t[Tjn] tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf] bfaL ub}{ k|x/Ldf ph'/L k/]sf] lyof] . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no s~rgk'/n] dxfsfnL ;ldltsf jl/i7 pkfWoIf kbdl;+x ef6, pksf/sf]if pkfWoIf 8Da/ kGt / dxf;lrj lji0f' sF8]nnfO{ cfOtaf/ ;fFem lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] xf] .

z'SnfkmfF6f k|flnn] ;ldlt btf{ u/L a; ;~rfngdf NofPkl5 a; ;ldltaLr ljjfb a9]sf] 5 . dxfsfnL ;]tL oftfoft ;ldlt / kjgb't ;ldlt ;Da4 dhb'/n] z'SnfkmfF6fsf] gf % v $!%) gDa/sf] a; tf]8kmf]8 u/]kl5 k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ ;d]t s]xLa]/ cj?4 ePsf] lyof] .

z'SnfkmfF6fn] k|flnsf] cjwf/0f k"/f gu/]sf] / k"jL{ ?6df rn]sf k'/fgf uf8L ;ldlt btf{ u/]/ oxfF ;~rfngdf NofPsf]df dxfsfnL / kjgb't ;ldltn] cfklQ hgfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . pgLx?n] k|flnn] gofF a; Nofpg'kg]{ eGb} oftfoft ;~rfngdf cj?4 kfb}{ cfPsf 5g\ . oftfoftdf l;l08s]6sf] of] csf]{ gd'gf xf] .

bfr'{nfdf klx/f]sf] vt/f

n  /f;;

ef/tsf] wf/r'nf uPsf] ;'Svf klx/f]n] dxfsfnL gbL y'Gg yfn]kl5 bfr{'nf ;b/d'sfd 8'afgsf] vt/fdf   k/]sf] 5 .

wf/r'nfsf] vf]ltndf uPsf] klx/f]n] gbL y'Gg yfn]sf] bfr'{nfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L df]xg/fh hf]zLn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g . dxfsfnL gbL klx/f]n] ;f3'l/Fb} uPsf] k|lhc hf]zLn] dflyaf6 7"nf] kxf8 vl;/fv]sf] / kG5fpg ;d]t gEofPsf] hfgsf/L      lbP . ;'?df c;f]h !* ut] v;]sf] klx/f]n] gbLsf] s]xL efu cj?4 ePsf] ePklg uP/flt yk klx/f] v:bf gbL y'lgg] ;Defjgf a9]sf]] pgn] atfP . tTsfnnfO{ vt/f gePklg vt/fd'Qm eO;s]sf] 5}g, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L hf]zLn] eg], …klx/f]n] gbLsf] kfgLnfO{ g]kfnlt/ ws]Nb} cfPsf] 5 .Ú

laxfg, lbpF;f] / a]n'sf;d]t cfkm"n] klx/f]sf] cg'udg u/]sf] atfpFb} k|lhc hf]zLn] klx/f]n] gbLsf] kfgL k"0f{ cj?4 eof] eg] vt/f pTkGg x'g;Sg] / To;sf nflu ;LdfjtL{ a:tLdf ;ts{tf ckgfpg cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] vnËfdf /x]sf] b'uf{ bn u'Ndn] z'qmaf/ /fltb]lv ;]gfn] lg/Gt/ klx/f]nfO{ lg/LIf0f ul//x]sf] / ;Defljt ;d:ofnfO{ s;/L 6fg]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf klg tof/L ul//x]sf] pgn] atfP .

zlgaf/ klg ef/tsf] wf/r'nfsf pklhNnf clwsf/L, k|fljlws, bfr{'nfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L nufotn] klx/f]sf] cg'udg u/]sf] / cfOtaf/ yk cg'udg ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 .

tLg bnåf/f lhlzc la?4 ph'/L

n  hulbz /f]sfof÷aemfË

c;f]h #)

aemfª lhNnf l:yt k|d'v ltg /fhlglts bnsf g]tfx?n] lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L dbg yfkfsf] gfddf ph'/L lbPsf 5g\ .

bnx?n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf x:tfIf/ ul/ lhlzc yfkfn] ;?jf x'g] ;dodf /ftf/ft sld;g vfP/ lzIff sfof{nosf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf sf]6fx? ljt/0f u/]sf] cf/f]k nufO{ cfh lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;lxt cGo lgsfodf ph'/L lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu|]; kf6L{sf lhNnf ;efjlt xs{h+Ë axfb'/ l;+x, g]skf Pdfn]sf lhNnf cWoIf lbn axfb'/ l;+x / g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf sns v8sfn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf x:tfIf/ ul/ lgj]bg btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ .

ut jif{b]lv lhNnfdf sfo{/t lhlzc yfkf o;} c;f]h dlxgfsf] @) ut] ;?jf eP/ x'Dnf uPsf 5g\ . lhlzc yfkfn] of] cfly{s jif{df ljefujf6 cfPsf] sfo{qmd tyf of]hgfx?sf] ;fj{hlgs/0f gub}{ ljBfno ejg lgdf{0fsf of]hgf lbP/ sld;g lnPsf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ .

…gofF cfPsf sfo{qmd cf}krfl/s ?kdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L g} lbPsf] 5}gÚ g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf sns v8\sfn] eg] …o;/L /ftf/ft sf]6f ljt/0f ug'{df sld;gsf] v]n ePsf] 5 .Ú g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt xs{h+u axfb'/ l;+xn] lhlzc yfkfn] sf]6f ljt/0f u/]sf k|To]s ljBfnojf6 Ps Ps nfv sld;g lnPsf] atfP .

lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf o; cfjsf nfuL rf/ sf]7] ejg ;ft j6f, b'O{ sf]7] ejg $( j6f / ljBfno dd{t *) j6f sf]6f /x]sf 5g\ . lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L dbg yfkfn] lzIff ;ldltsf] klg /fo ;'emfj glnPsf], lzIfs ;+3 ;+u7gsf] klg /fo ;'emfj glnPsf] / :yfgLo /fhgLlts bn dfggLo ;ef;b\x?sf] s;}sf] /fo ;'emfj glnPsf] x'Fbf cfkm'v'zL n'sLl5kL ejg sf]6f  ljt/0f u/L u}/ lhDd]jf/L sfd u/]sfn] ph'/L lbg afWo ePsf Pdfn] cWoIf lbn axfb'/ l;+xn] jtfP . g]tfx?n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lzIff ljefu, clVQof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwg cfof]udf ;d]t ph'/L lbPsf 5g\ .

lhlzc yfkf ;?jf eP/ uPkl5 cfO{tjf/ ;'o{ axfb'/ l;+x lhlzcsf ?kdf xflh/ ePsf 5g\ . lhlzc l;+xn] klg s;}sf] /fo ;'emfj ;dGjo ;Dks{ gu/]/ ljBfno ejgsf sf]6f ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvPsfn] lhNnfdf pgLk|lt ;j} If]qjf6 u'gf;f] cfPsf] jtfP .

;?jf eP/ uPsf lhlzc dbg yfkf;+u 6]nLkmf]g ;Dks{ ubf{ pgn] utjif{ sf]6f ljt/0f l9nf ePsfn] o;kfnL ljefu;+u ;dGjo ul/ cfjZos ljBfnodf sf]6f ljt/0f u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g .

5f]6s/L ;dfrf/

zfGtk"0f{ bz}+

@)&# ;fnsf] lahof bzdL 8f]6L lhNnfdf zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] 8f]6Lsf  k|x/L k|d'v k|x/L pk/LIfs  lbNnL/fh lai6n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g .

lautsf jif{x? h:tf] o; jif{ s'g} klg clk|o 36gf gePsf] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . l6sfsf] t]>f] lbg ufFh/L ufla;df ePsf] ;8s b'3{6gfdf Ps dlxnfn] Hofg u'dfPsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf] tYofFsdf /x]sf] 5 .

To:t} ;KtdLsf] lbg lbkfondf Ps df]6/;fO{snn] Ps afnsnfO{ 7Ss/ lbFbf afns ;fdfGo 3fO{t] ePsf], l6sfsf] rf}yf] lbg n8fu8f ufla;sf] gf/L bfËdf hLk b'3{6gf x'Fbf tLg hgf 3fO{t] ePsf] vj/  5 .

km'ndf cfsif{0f 

88]Nw'/f lhNnf ;b/–d'sfdsf clwsf+; dlxnfx?  clxn] cfs{ifs km'n agfpg tkm{ cfslif{t ePsf 5g .

k|of]u u/L ˆoflsPsf PS;/] sf8{ / ˆoflsPsf dfbskbfy{sf af]tnx? ;Íng u/]/ ;hfpgsf nflu km'n agfpg]x?sf] nx/ rn]sf] 5 . xft] ;Lksf] dfWodaf6 agfOg] km'nx? lgs} cfsif{0f b]lvg] ePsfn] clxn] 3/, k;n, sfof{no tyf laleGg 7fFpx?df ;hfOg yfn]sf 5g .

zx/ ahf/b]lv lnP/ u|fld0f al:tx?;Dd o;/L km'n agfpg] nx/ 5fPsf] 5 . ;a}sf 3/–3/df tyf k;nx?df ;d]t dlxnfx? km'n agfpg Jo:t b]lvG5g .

v]n ;dfrf/

elnjn k|ltof]lutf hf/L

tLg lbgsf] ;do lgwf{/0f u/L cfof]hgf ul/Psf] elnjn k|ltof]lutf d+unjf/ klg hf/L /xg] ePsf] 5 .

8f]6L nfldvfn ufla;–* lk8df bz}+ ltxf/sf] cj;/ kf/L cfof]hgf ul/Psf] d}qLk"0f{ elnjn k|ltof]lutfdf ;xeflu l6dx? a9L ePsf sf/0f ;f]djf/ clGtd r/0fsf] v]n x'g g;s]kl5 cfh d+njf/sf nflu v]n nlDjPsf] 5 .

di6f ;dfh ;'wf/ s]Gb| 8f]6Ln] zlgjf/b]lv cfof]hgf u/]sf] elnjn k|ltof]lutf dxfb]j:yfg, nfldvfn / af/kf6fsf u/L hDdf !$ ;d"xn] efu lnPsf] cfof]hs ;+:yfsf ;+of]hs g/jxfb'/ wfdLn] hfgsf/L lbP . wfdLsf cg';f/ gs cfp6 l;i6daf6 k|ltof]lutf eO{/x]sf] 5 . …xfdLn] tLg lbgdf ;DkGg eO{xfNnf ;f]r]sf lyof}+Ú ;+of]hs wfdLn] eg] …t/ l6d w]/} ePsf sf/0f v]n nlDjPsf] 5 .Ú

bz}+ ltxf/sf] cj;/df cfk;L ;b\efj a9fpFb} z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy d}qLk"0f{ elnjn k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] wfdLn] jtfP . wfdLsf cg';f/ v]ndf k|yd x'g] ;d"xnfO{ gub !) xhf/ ?k}ofF, l;N8, d]8n / k|df0f kq, låtLonfO{ gub & xhf/, sk d]8n / k|df0f kq / t[tLo ;d"xnfO{ kfFr xhf/ gub, sk, k|df0f kq k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] ;+of]hs wfdLn] hfgsf/L lbP .

lqms]6 d}bfgsf nflu dGqLnfO{ 1fkg

d'nkfgL l:yt dflyNnf] lqms]6 d}bfg v]Ng of]Uo agfpg Wofgsif{0f u/fpFb} lqms]6 v]nf8L, k|lzIfs / kbflwsf/Ln] cfOtaf/ o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqL bnhLt >LkfnLnfO{ 1fkg kq a'emfPsf 5g\ .

1fkg kq a'emfpb} lqms]6sdL{n] d'nkfgL lqms]6 d}bfg lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ tTsfn ;DkGg ug{ ljz]if kxn ug{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'bfgdf lgdf0f{ e}/x]sf] d'nkfgL lqms]6 d}bfgsf] @)^$ ;fndf d}bfg ;Dofpg] / af/ nufpg] sfd ;lsPsf] xfn;Dd k|of]udf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . @)^& ;fndf d}bfgsf] ka]lnog lgdf{0f sfo{ ;d]t eO{;s]sf] lyof] .

1fkg kqdf lqms]6sdL{x?n] tTsfnsf nfuL d}bfgnfO{ v]Ng of]Uo agfpgsf] nfuL cfjZos kg]{ !^ nfv ^& xhf/ ?k}ofF dGqfnoaf6 lalgof]hg u/fpg kxn ug{ ;d]t dGqLnfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g . /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb -/fv]k_ ;b:o z}n]z s'df/ sdf{rfo{, /fli6«o l6ddf d'Vo k|lzIfs hut 6d6f, /fli6«o 6f]nLsf pksKtfg 1fg]G› dNn, ;'jf; vs'/]n, ;f]dkfn sfdL, ljgo s'df/ emf nufotsf] 6f]nLn] dGqLnfO{ 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] xf] .

rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg

…/fwfÚsf] kmi6n's kf]i6/ l/lnh

g]kfnL rnlrq …/fwfÚ sf] kmi6n's kf]i6/ l/lnh ePsf] 5 . 

oxL ltxf/sf] cj;/df l/lnh x'g] pQm rnlrqsf] emfkf bdsdf cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf kmi6n's kf]i6/ l/lnh ul/Psf] xf] .

kmi6n's kf]i6/ cgfj/0f ub}{ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf bdssf cWoIf /fh]G› 9sfnn] rnlrq Joj;fonfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ;w}+ kxn /xg] eGb} rnlrq …/fwfÚ nfO{ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbPsf lyP .

kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf …/fwfÚ sf lgb]{zs of]u]z l3ld/], k6syf n]vs k|bLk ef/åfh nufotsf] pkl:ylt lyof] . lgb]{zs l3ld/]n] dfof k|]dsf] syfnfO{ d'Vo ljifo agfP/ /fd|f] lkmNd lbg vf]h]sf] atfPsf jtfPsf 5g .

k6syf n]vs k|bLk ef/åfhn] lkmNdsf] syf r6\k6] :jfbsf] /x]sf] atfpFb}] @ 306fsf] ;dodf bz{sn] e/k'/ dgf]/~hg kfpg] bfjL u/] .

æwf}nLÆ kl5 æcUgLbxÆ cfpg]

lgb]{zs 3gZofd nfld5fg]n] gofF rnlrq …cUgLbxÚsf] lgdf{0f 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ .

o;cl3 rnlrq …wf}nLÚ lgb]{zg u/]sf nfld5fg]n] cfOtaf/ sf7df08f}+df kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u/L cj …cUgLbxÚ rnlrq lgdf{0f x'g nfu]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g . …af]S;L s'k|yf cGTosf] dxfleofgsf nflu g]kfnÚ gfds ;fdflhs ;+:yfn] of] rnlrq lgdf{0f ug]{ ePsf] 5 .

;+:yfsf ;+rf/ ;lrj lbg]z yklnofn] klxnf]k6s s'g} klg g]kfnL rnlrq lgdf{0fsf nlfu cfjZos ;xof]usf] cfu|x;lxtsf] kl/kq ;a} dGqfnonfO{ k7fOPsf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hfgsf/L u/fP .

;f] cj;/df lgb]{zs nfld5fg]n] ;dfhn] e'n]sf] laifodflydfly cfkm'x?n] rnlrq agfpg nfu]sf] atfP . rnlrq 5fof+sg x]6f}+8f, lrtjg, kf]v/fdf nufotsf :yfgx?df x'g] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP .

rnlrqdf cg'kdf e08f/L, k|ldnf t'nfrg, k|sfz l3ld/], dfcf]T;] u'?ª, t'n;f lh;L, tf/f u'?ª, lji0f' afF:tf]nf, cf]d kf}8]n nufotsf] clego /xg]5 . nf]sd0fL kf}8]nsf] k6syf, bL3{ u'?ªsf] 5fof+sg, h];g s'Fj/sf] kfZj{;+uLt, bL3{ v8\sfsf] ;Dkfbg rnlrqdf /xg]5 .

n]v

kz'jnL, df+;fxf/, k'Flhjfb / pkef]Qmfjfb

;lRrbfgGb hf]zL

x/]s jif{ bz}+ tfsf g]kfnLx? jnLk|yfsf ljkIfdf df}ifdL cleofg rnfp5g\ . bz}+ hfG5 clg Tof] cleofg csf{] jif{sf] 6fO{dkf;sf nflu ;'/lIft ul/G5 . o:tf] jx; u9LdfO{sf] kfFrjif]{ d]nfsf j]nf kfFrjif]{ ?k d} x'G5 . km];j's, 6\jL6/ h:tf ;fdflhs ;~hfnx?sf] k|of]usf] Jofkstf;+u} Jofkstf kfO{/x]sf] ;lhnf] cfGbf]ng -dfG5] hDdf ug{' gkg]{, s'g} em08f Jofg/ klg grfFlxg], udL{ of jiff{tn] klg b'Mv gkfO{g], k'ln;n] klg g;dfTg], sf]7fdf j;]/ cf/fdn] On]S6«f]lgs l8efO{; dfkm{t ug{ ;lsg]_ o; jif{sf] bz}+e/L klg v'j rNof] . sltkon] lxGb'x? kz'jnL lbg] h+un ;Eotfsf kIfkftL ePsf] eg]/ lj/f]w u/] eg] sltkon] kljq lxGb' wd{nfO{ ckljq jgfO{/x]sf]n] jnLk|yf /f]Sg' kg]{ ts{ u/] . sltkon] o;nfO{ df+;fxf/ lj?4 ;fsfxf/sf] kIfdf k|rf/df k|of]u u/] / sltkon] kz' clwsf/sf] ljifo jtfP . vr{ hf]ufpg b]lv kfkjf6 jRg jnLk|yfsf] lj/f]w ug]{ cg]sy/L cleoGtfx? b]vfk/] . jnLk|yfsf ;dy{sxnfO{ uflnunf}r ug]{x? klg b]lvP . o;} ljifo ;Gbe{df oxfF 5nkmn ul/g]5 .

d'Vo vfgf g} df;' ePsf] o'udf kz'lx+;f ;j{:jLsfo{ x'g' :jefljs lyof] . b'lgofFsf] s'g} ;Eotf df+;fxf/L lyPg eGg] bfjL e]l6b}g . ;Eotf ljsf; qmddf df+;fxf/ ;fF3'l/b} uPsf] dfq xf] . l;Gw' ;Eotf df+;xf/jf6 ;fsfxf/tkm{ ;+qmldt ePsf] klxnf] ;Eotf dflgG5 . hËn o'u df+;fx/L g} lyof] / df;'sf] vf]hLdf 3'Dbf3'Dbf yfs]sfx?n] kfNg ;'? u/]sf kz'x? s;}n] dfof u/]/ kfn]sf geO{ vfgf s} nflu kfn]sf lyP . t/ ^ dlxgf, jif{ lbg nufP/ kfn]sf] kz' vfgfdf k|of]u ubf{ yf]/} ;dodf w]/} kz'x?sf] jw ug{' kg]{ ePsf]n] 7'nf] ;+Vofdf kz' kfNg' kg]{ cj:yf, kz'wgsf] si6;fWo /]vb]v / ;'/Iff, kz'kfngsf qmddf 3fF;sf] v]tLjf6 ;'? ePsf] v]ltkftL / cGg pTkfbgsf] gofF k|ljlw;+usf] kl/ro cflb kl/j]zhGo sf/0fx?n] ;doqmddf d'Vo vfgfsf] 7fpF df;'sf] ;§f cGgtkm{ ;+qmldt x'Fb} uof] . kz'sf] k|of]u s[lifsf] ;xfossf ?kdf kl/0ft eof] . df;' cGgsf] ;xfos vfgfdf   kl/0ft eof] . b'w, £o' vfg] t/ df;', /ut jf j;f] gvfg] rngdf lbuf] pkof]u gLlt / k|ljlw ljsf;sf] nIf0f k|i6 x'G5 . t/ klg cltly ;Tsf/, k'hf, kj{ jf To:t} ljz]if cj;/df df;'sf] k|of]u /f]lsPsf] kfOb}g . vf]hL vfg] o'udf ;d]t k|fKt vfgf ;d"x k|d'vnfO{ j'emfpg] / p;}n] jfF8]/ vfg lbg] rngsf] ljsf; ul/;s]sf] dfG5]n] ljz]if j]nfdf dfq vfg kfO{g] u/L ljz]if vfgfdf ljsf; x'b} uPsf] df;'nfO{ cfˆgf] kl/jf/ k|d'v jf u0f k|d'vnfO{ vfg glbO{ cfkm} dfq s;/L vfg ;SYof] / < o;/L kl/jf/ k|d'v jf u0f k|d'vnfO{ r9fP/ vfg] rng lj:tf/} d[t kl/jf/ k|d'v -lkt[_ / d[t u0f k|d'v -b]jL–b]jtf_ nfO{ r9fpg] tkm{ ljsl;t x'g' cfZro{ s] ef] / <

;dfh lgodgsf] 7fpF wd{n] lnPkl5 klg cfkm' h] vfg] ToxL k'HonfO{ r9fpg] s'/f hfoh x'g] g} eof] . cfh klg h'g ;d'bfodf h] d'Vo vfgfsf ?kdf vfO{G5 Tolx cfˆgf k'HonfO{ r9fpg] rng sfod 5 . df;' klg To:t} xf] . h}g h:tf Psb'O{ wfld{s dfGotfx?nfO{ ckjfb dfGg] xf] eg] ;j} wd{df df;'sf] k|of]u s'g} g s'g} ?kdf rlng}/Xof] . lxGb' wd{sf] zfQm ;Dk|bfo / jfddfuL{ tflGqsx? wfld{s k|of]hg s} nflu kz'jw ug]{x? dWo] rlr{t 5g\ o2lk lxGb', d'l:nd, O;fO{, l;v, ox'bL cflb tyf sltko j'4dfuL{x?sf wfld{s ;+:sf/x?df ;d]t kz'jw / df;' jf /utsf] k|of]u s'g} g s'g} ?kdf e}/x]s} b]lvG5 . t/ cfkm'n] vfgsf nflu df/]sf kz' c?;+u jfF8]/ vfg] rng l;sf/o'u d} ;'? eof] . k|fKt vfgf kl/jf/ k|d'v jf u0f gfosnfO{ j'emfpg] / p;}n] ;j}nfO{ jfF8]/ lbg] rng Tolx o'udf ;'? eof] . sltko ljåfgx? t l;sf/o'udf dfG5]n] vfgfsf nflu df/]sf kz'x? k|lt hGdg] bofefj g} wd{sf] k|f/Desf] sf/0f xf] eGg] dfGb5g\ . To;}n] ;j} ;Eotf tyf wfld{s ;Dk|bfodf kz'lx+;f / df+;fxf/ ug]{ rng ;+u;+u} kz'lx+;f / df+;fxf/ ug{' x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf klg rlncfPsf] 5 .

wfld{s k|of]hgsf nflu kz'jw ug{' / df+zfxf/L x'g' km/s s'/f xf] . kz'jnL ug]{ t/ df+zfxf/ gug]{, df+zfxf/ ug]{ t/ kz'jnL gug]{ sof}+ 5g\ . g ;j} kz'sf] jnL lbO{G5 g ;j} kz'sf] df;' vfO{G5 . -d'l:ndx? / lxGb' j|fXd0fx? ;'u'/ 5'Fb}gg\ / ;'u'/sf] df;' vfb}gGf\, lxGb'x? ufO{sf] df;' vfb}gg\_ sltko t jnL r9\g] t/ df;' grNg] kz'x? 5g\ h:tf] sL sltko lxGb' hftLx?df nflu /fFuf] . sltko ;dfhdf :qL hftL rf}kfofsf] jnL lbg] rng 5 eg] sltko ;dfhdf :qL hftL rf}kfofsf] jnL lgz]lwt 5 . cem sltko ;dfhdf t :qL hftL rf}kfofsf] jnL gug]{ t/ ;fdfGo pkef]usf nflu eg] sf6df/ ug]{ rng  5 . cg'i7fg tyf ;+:sf/ut ?kdf kz'jnL lbg] s}of}+ lxGb'x? g}li7s lg/fdf+z -lgdf{;]_ 5g\ . pgLx? df;'nfO{ ceIf 7fGb5g t/ lglZrt cg'i7fgsf nflu jf ;+:sf/sf nflu To;sf] cfjZostf jf clgjfo{tfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5g\ . lxGb' ;dfhdf / cem vf; u/]/ j|fXd0f ;dfhdf o:tf] cj:yf j9L b]lvG5 . lxGb' ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmd cToGt nfdf] 5 . logLx? sof}+ j]nf km/s ;Dk|bfodf ljeQm x'g] / Ps cfk;d} gldNg] vfnsf ;+:sf/x? ljsl;t ug]{ clg ;doqmddf sltko kl/j]zn] -vf; u/]/ ljwdL{x? ;+usf] ;+3if{sf qmddf_ Pstf ug]{ / Pstf ubf{ ;+:sf/ut cGt/3'ng klg x'Fb} hfg] ePsf]n] o:tf] ljljwtf pgLx?df w]/} 5 -c?df x'Fb} gePsf] eg] xf]O{g_ .

x'Fbf x'Fbf s;/L sf6]sf] vfg] / s;/L sf6]sf] gvfg]df ;d]t ;dfh ljeQm 5 . d'l:nd ;dfhdf xnfn -kljq_ vfgfsf] k|rng 5 . cg'i7fgsf nflu sfl6g] df;' dfq xf]O{g ;fdfGo pkef]u / Jofkf/sf nflu sfl6g] df;'df ;d]t lglZrt ;+:sf/ 5, tl/sf 5 . kf/Dkl/s ?kdf lzvx? df;' vfg x'g] jf gx'g] s'/fdf jx; ug{'nfO{ d'v{tf 7fGb5g\ . t/ ;doqmddf lzvx?df Ps} em6\sfdf sf6]sf] dfq vfg] rng rNof], sltko lxGb'x?df ;d]t . jf}4dfuL{x?df j'4 s} kfnf b]lv rlncfPsf] Pp6f s'/f s] 5 eg] leIffdf h] lbof] Tof] vfg] . df;' lbP s] ug]{ < df;' g} lbof] eg] klg vfg] t/ s] s'/fdf ;r]t /xg] eg] Tof] df;' leIff lbg s} nflu eg] sfl6Psf] gxf];\ . j'4sf] ltJjt ofqfsf] syf k|rlnt g} 5 . clxn] klg sltko j'4dfuL{x?df c?n] lbPsf] df;' vfg x'g], xltof/sf] k|of]u gu/L df/]/ vfg x'g] jf d/]sf] vfg x'g] h:tf dfGotf b]lvG5g\ .

O;fO{x?df vfg x'g] / gx'g]sf] em+em6 vf;} b]lvb}g . kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;fsfxf/L x'g k|]l/t ug]{ u/]sf] kfO{Psf]n] of] ;dfh df+;fxf/L lyof] / 5 eGg ;lsG5 . wd{sf gfddf kz'lx+;f x'g] u/]sf] o; ;d'bfodf klg kfO{G5 . sltko O;fO{x?df kfkjf6 d'lQmsf nflu kz'jnL lbg] dfGotf 5 . cem} klg sltko O;fO{ dtfjnDjLx?df e]8f, s'v'/fsf] jnL lbg] rng 5 . O;fO{x?sf] k|d'v kj{ lqm:d;sf d'Vo vfgfx?df xfF;sf] df;' k|d'v xf] . ox'bLx?df t dlGb/df kz'nfO{ hnfP/ jnL lbg] rng ;d]t lyof] . of] rng hgfj/ k|ltsf] bofsf sf/0f eGbf klg h]?;]nddf /x]sf] pgLx?sf] d'Vo dlGb/ eTsfOPsf]n] To;sf] k'gMlgdf{0f geP;Dd gug]{ elg /f]lsPsf] xf] . ;g &) df /f]dgx?n] Wj:t ul/lbPsf] To; dlGb/sf] k'gM lgdf{0f x'g]5 / of] rng k'gM ;'? x'g]5 eGg] ljZjf; pgLx?df cem} 5 . wfld{s gePklg ;fdflhs–;fF:s[lts ?kdf Yof+S; luleË lbj;x?df sfl6g] 6sL{x?sf] rrf{ t Jofks ?kdf x'g] u/]s} 5 .

jnLk|yfsf] lj/f]w eO/x]sf] s'/f s'g} gofF / cb\e't ljifo xf]O{g . Oltxf;sf] nfdf] sfnv08 cl3 b]lv g} jnLk|yfsf lj?4df ;fgf7'nf k|of;x? eOcfPs} 5g\ . ;fdfGotof lt lj/f]wx? s?0ffhGo lyP, sfNklgs lyP / kf/dfly{s :jfy{df lyP . k"jL{o ;dfhdf j'4, z+s/frfo{, bofgGb ;/:jtL cflb cg]s ljåfgx?n] u/]sf k|of;x? k|lz4 5g\ . rf/jfs dtsf Pshgf ljåfgn] t olt ;Dd eg] ls M

kz'Zr]lGgxtM :ju{+ Hof]lti6f]d] uldiolt .

:jlktf ohdfg]g tq sy+ g lx+;]t] ..!..

cyf{t o1df dfl/Psf] kz' :ju{ hfG5 eg] o1d} cfˆgf jfj'nfO{ df/]/ lsg :ju{ k7fpb}gf} <

Tof] Toltj]nfsf] s'/f lyof] . t/ clxn]sf] s'/f km/s 5 . df;' dfgjhftLsf] pTklQsfn b]lv s} d'Vo vfgf /lxcfPsf] 5 . vf]lhvfg] j]nf b]lv g} vf]l;vfg] rng klg ;'? ePsf] xf] . lj:tf/} j]lrvfg] / lslgvfg] clxn]sf] o'u cfof] . cfhsf] o'u;Dd cfO{k'Ubf pTkfbg / pkef]u, ;+ro / ljt/0fsf cg]sf}+ lgod / l;4fGtx? jgfO{P . tTsflng ;dfhsf] pTkfbg k2ltsf        cfwf/df lt lgodx? kl/dflh{t x'g], ;dfKt x'g] / gofF jGg] qmd lg/Gt/ 5 . Pp6f o'usf] k6fIf]k;+u} gofF o'usf] cf/De x'g' / ;f]xL cg';f/sf] lgodx? jGb} hfg' :jefljs 5 . t/ o:tf] o'u ;dflKt / k|f/De /ftf/ft x'g] xf]O{g . o;n] Pp6f nfdf] sfnv08 lnG5 . To; cjlwdf k'/fgf]sf] lj/f]w / gofFsf] kIfw–/tf jf gofFsf] lj/f]w / k'/fg}sf] kIfw/tf :jefljs  xf] . clxn] g]kfnL ;dfh klg ;fdGtjfb jf6 k'FhLjfb tkm{ ;+qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf 5 . o;j]nf s}of}+ k'/fgf s'/fx? cgfjZos nflu/x]sf 5g\ / sltko gofF s'/fsf] jsfnt eO{/x]sf] 5 . jnLk|yfsf lj?4 clxn] b]vf kl//x]sf] cleofg klg k|sf/fGtn] ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 k'FhLjfbsf] kIfw/tf xf] . clxn] eO{/xsf] lj/f]w kf/dfly{s xf]O{g cfly{s xf] . pkef]Qmfjfb k|]l/t xf] . -clxn] klg kf/dfly{s ?kn] lj/f]w ul//x]sfx? 5Fb}5}gg\ eGg] bfjL ul/Psf] x}g t/ lj/f]wsf] d'Vo k|j[lQ To;f] xf]O{g dfq eGg vf]lhPsf] xf] ._

rfF8jf8, ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[ltx? ;fdflhs–cfly{s lgodgsf lx:;fx? x'g\ . ;+lrt k"FhLnfO{ k'gMljt/0fsf nflu x/]s ;dfhn] cgsf}+ k|sf/sf pkfox? ckgfPsf] kfO{G5 . bz}+ xf]; jf ljx]ef]h ;+lrt k"FhLsf] k'gMljt/0fsf pQd  pbfx/0fx? x'g\ . jif{e/L jf]sf] x'sf{pg], 8f]¥ofpb} ;x/ Nofpg], ;fFx'nfO{ j]Rg] / cfPsf] k};fn] g'g, t]n, sk8fsf] hf]xf] ug]{ clg df;' vfg] /x/ ufpF kms]{/ ;fd'lxs ?kdf sf6]sf] jf]sf]sf] k|;fbn] k'/f ug]{ ul/GYof], ul/G5 . To;}n] ;x/df bz}+ gLlh x'G5, x'GYof] ufpFdf ;fd'lxs . vfgf lsgj]rsf] ljifo jg]kl5 jhf/n] jif{e/Lsf] nflu vfgfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{' kg]{df Ps} xKtfdf nfvf}+ kz' jnL lbP/ ;dfKt ul/g] ePkl5 jhf/ c;Gt'lnt x'g' :jefljs 5 . ;+:sf/sf gfddf kz'k+IfL ls;fgjf6 l;w} pkef]Qmsf 3/3/df k'Ug / kfSg g/f]Sg] xf] eg] jhf/ lg0ff{os s;/L x'G5 < clg ls;fgn] klg bz}+nfO{ g} nlIft u/L pTkfbg ug]{ ePkl5 jif{e/Lsf] cfk'lt{df b]vf kg]{ cefjsf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ug]{ < log} ljifox?sf] j/k/ clxn]sf] kz'jnLsf] lj/f]w 3'd]sf] 5 . ;fsfxf/L cleofg klg gofF vfnsf] Jofkf/ k|j4{g xf] eGg] ljifo n's]sf] 5}g . pkef]Qmfjfb k"FhLjfbsf] k|j4{s t xf] g} .

df]km;n kqsfl/tf

d"Nof+sg u/]/ dfq} nfO;]G; lbg] Joj:yf Nofpg'k5{

s]zj /fgf -sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs_

ld;g 6'8] b}lgs, afFs]

tkfO+{sf] k'/f kl/ro kfpF g <

— d s]zj /fgf . 3/ d]/f] afFs] lr;fkfgL . xfn d ld;g 6'8] b}lgssf] sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbssf] ?kdf sfd ul//x]sf] 5' .

tkfO{n] lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf /f]Hg' eof] <

— d}n] kqsfl/tf k]zf /f]Hg'sf] vf; sf/0f eg] 5}g . t/, ha d}n] kqsfl/tf k]zfdf hf]lvd x'G5 / ljs[ltx?sf] kbf{kmf; u5{ eGg] yfxf kfPF, To;kl5 eg] of] k]zfk|lt ?rL hfu]sf] xf] . ;fy} s'g} klg d'n'sdf hgtf g} ;jf]{k/L x'G5g\ . hgtfn] rfXof] eg] h] klg x'G5 . To;dfly hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k]zf g} kqsfl/tf ePkl5 d}n] of] k]zf /f]h]sf] x'F .

kqsf/ eP/ df]km;ndf sfd ug{ t lgs} ;d:of 5 eG5g lg Û slQsf] dx;'; ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

— xf], df]km;ndf ;d:of eg] lgs} 5 . oxfF ;|f]t, ;fwgsf] cefj, /fhg}lts babaf, ;'/Iff nufot ;d:ofx? /x]sf 5g\ . cem egf}+ kqsf/sf nflu d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] t kfl/>lds gkfpg' xf] . kfl/>lds eg]sf] ;do / eg]sf] hlQs} kfpFb}gg\ .

slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] <

— d}n] @)^& ;fnaf6 kqsfl/tf z'? u/]sf] x'F .

s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5 <

— dnfO{ h'g;'s} la6df klg sfd ug{ dgk5{ . t/, ljz]iftM d]/f] ?rL ck/fw la6df 5 . 

df]km;n} ePklg afFs] h:tf] Jo:t Pj+ lasl;t lhNnfjf6 kqsfl/tf ub}{ x'g'x'G5, slQsf] sdfO{ x'G5 <

— sdfO{sf] s'/f ug'{x'G5 eg] d}n] k]zf eGbf klg dfG5] sdfPsf] 5' . afFs] lhNnfsf x/]s If]qsf dfG5]x?;Fu d]/f] kx'Fr 5 . of] ;a} kqsfl/tfn] ubf{ ;Dej ePsf] xf] . To;}n] sdfO{ oltptL x'G5 eGbf klg d]/f] kfl/>ldsaf6 d ;Gt'i6 5' .

kqsfl/tf k]zfdf nfu]/ s] s] ;d:of ef]Ug' kbf]{ /x]5 <

— ;d:ofsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] gofF lkF9LnfO{ s] eG5' eg] kqsfl/tf k]zfdf gcfpFbf g} /fd|f] . kqsfl/tf k]zf cfkm}df …l/:sLÚ k]zf xf] . o;df ;d:of gx'g] s'/} ePg . To;}n] ;d:ofnfO{ y]Ug ;Sg'k5{ .

df]km;nsf kqsf/x?sf ;d:ofx? s] s] x'g h:tf] nfU5 tkfO{nfO{ <

— df]km;nsf kqsf/x?sf ;d:of t lgs} 5g\ . df]km;nsf kqsf/x? d/Ld]6L sfd u5{g\ t/klg kfl/>lds eg] hlQsf] kfpFb}gg\ . d'Vo ;d:of t oxL xf] . cGo ;d:of w]/} 5g\  . df]km;nsf kqsf/nfO{ sfd ug{ lgs} cK7\of/f] 5 .

tkfO{ sfo{/t ld;g 6'8] b}lgs slQsf] rln/x]sf] 5 <

— ld;g 6'8] b}lgs afFs] lhNnfs} u'0f:t/Lo / ljZj;gLo klqsfdWo] Ps xf] . o;n] clxn] $ j6f lhNnfdf cfkm\gf If]q lj:tf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . afFs] nufot alb{of, bfË / ;'v]{tdf cfkm\gf] If]q lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . $ j6f lhNnfdf hfg] afFs]sf] klxnf] klqsf xf] ld;g 6'8] .

df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWod / ;~rf/sdL{sf] kL8f p:tfp:t} xf] ls km/s 5g h:tf] nfU5 tkfO{nfO{ <

— xf], df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWodsf] kL8f klg p:t} 5 . lsgeg] ;~rf/dfWod rNg] eg]sf] g} lj1fkgn] xf] . sltko df]km;nsf Jofkf/LnfO{ ;~rf/dfWoddf lj1fkg ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f g} yfxf 5}g . cem d s] eG5' eGg] xfdLn] a'emfpg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . lj1fkg klg nufgL xf], lj1fkg u/L Jofkf/ Joj;fo a9fpg'k5{ eGg] s'/f g} xfdLn] l;sfpg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . otf lj1fkg gcfpFbf df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWodx? aGb x'g] cj:yfdf k'U5g\ . sltko aGb klg ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf df]km;nsf ;~rf/sdL{n] kfl/>lds kfpg] s'/f klg ePg . To;}n] d t s] b]V5' eg] df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWod / ;~rf/sdL{ kL8f p:t} p:t} x'g\ .

oL ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;/sf/n] s:tf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ <

— /fHon] Pp6f :ki6 gLlt agfpg'k5{ . ;~rf/dfWodsf] nfO;]G; lbFbf jf btf{ ubf{ ;~rf/ pBdLsf] x}l;ot x]/]/ dfq} nfO;]G; lbg] jf btf{ ug]{ ug'{k5{ . ;~rf/pBdLn] ;~rf/;+:yf rnfpg ;S5 ls ;Sb}g To;sf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ dfq} nfO;]G; lbg] Joj:yf Nofpg'k5{ . ta dfq oL ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg x'g ;S5 .

lo ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg ug{ kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg'eof] <

— g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] klg gu/]sf] eg] xf]Og . ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] kL8fdf ;fy lbg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . t/, dxf;+3n] h;/L o:tf d'2f p7fpg'kg]{ To;/L gp7fPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . sltko dxf;+3s} kbflwsf/L o:tf 5g\ h;n] ;~rf/;+:yfaf6 eg]hlQs} / ;dodf kfl/>lds g} kfpFb}gg\ . clg pgLx?n] s;/L ;zQm ?kdf cfjfh p7fpg ;Snfg <

df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] xs lxtsf nflu kqsf/x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

— of] j}rfl/s ;+u7g eg]sf] dxf;+3sf] r'gfj n8\gsf nflu dfq} agfOPsf h:tf 5g\ . r'gfjsf a]nf dfq} ;lqmo x'g] cGo a]nf eg] lg:s[o x'G5g\ . kqsf/x?sf] 5ftf ;+u7gn] t ;~rf/sdL{sf s'/fx?nfO{ ;zQm ?kdf p7fpg ;Sb}g eg]  j}rfl/s ;+u7gx?sf] t s] s'/f ug'{ <

tkfOs+f] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <

— d]/f] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf Pp6f snf xf] . h;n] ;dfhnfO{ ;xL 9+uaf6 kl/jt{g ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 .

clxn] kqsfl/tf If]q jb\gfldt x'Fb}5, kqsfl/tf If]qd} nfu]sf sltko JolQmx?n] ;dfrf/sf laifodf df]n df]nfO{ ug]{, cg}lts sfdx? ug]{ u/]sf] cf/f]k nfUg yfn]sf] 5, afFs]sf] cj:yf s:tf] kfpg' eof] <

— xfdLn] x]g]{ rGb|df slt ;'Gb/ 5 . cflv/ To;df klg t bfu 5 . To:t}   kqsfl/tf klg ax't ;'Gb/ 5 . To;df klg sltko lkt kqsfl/tf ug]{ bfusf ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . afFs]sf] dfq} xf]Og of] b]z}e/Lsf]  ;d:of xf] . To;nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{tkm{ nfUg' g} a'l4dtfk"0f{ sfo{ x'G5 .

tkfO{ slQsf] nfUg' efÚ5 o:tf s'/fx?df <

— xfxfxf . jfO{Xoft k|Zg . o:tf s'/fdf nfu]sf] dfG5]nfO{ tkfO{n] o:tf] k|Zg ;f]Wg'eof] eg] p;n] l;w} OGsf/ ul/lbG5 . d]/f] ;Gbe{df eGg'kbf{ d kqsfl/tfaf6} ;dfh kl/jt{g u5'{ eg]/ lxF8]sf] dfG5], d}n] g} o:tf sfo{x? ug{ nfu] eg] s;n] ljZjf; ug]{ . To;}n] o:tf s'/fx?af6 d dfq} xf]Og ;a} 6f9f /xg'k5{ . gq  kqsfl/tf If]q lgs} ab\gfd x'g]5 . kqsfl/tfnfO{ hf]ufO{/fVg To:tf lkt kqsfl/tf ug]{ JolQmx?nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug'{k5{ .

cGTodf s]xL eGg dg nfu]sf] 5 <

— g]kf]lnog af]gfkf6{n] eg]sf lyP …rf/ lj/f]wL kqklqsf rf/xhf/ ;+uLgeGbf 8/nfUbf] x'G5 .Ú To;}n] kqsfl/tf k]zfnfO{ ab\gfd gu/fcf}+ . olb kqsfl/tf klg ab\gfd x'Fb} uof] / dfG5]n] ljZjf; ug{ 5f8] eg] To;kl5sf] xfnt ;f]Rg nfos x'Fb}g . To;}n] d To:tf lkt kqsfl/tf ug]{ JolQmx?nfO{ d s] eG5' eg] tkfO{x? cfh}af6 kqsfl/tf 5f]8\lbg'xf];\ . kqsfl/tfsf] ab\gfd gu/fOlbg'xf];\ .

nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] tof/Lsf nflu pkof]uL

dxTjk"0f{ ldltx?

!= lghfdlt lstfavfsf] :yfkgf          — lj=;= !(@%

@= jL/ c:ktfnsf] :yfkgf    — lj=;= !($& >fj0f !@

#= lqrG› sn]hsf] :yfkgf    — lj=;= !(&% ef› @&

$= g]kfn a}Í lnld6]8 :yfkgf    — lj=;= !(($ sflt{s #)

%= pwf]u kl/ifb\ :yfkgf     — lj=;=  !((#

^= ;b/ lrl8ofvfgf :yfkgf    — lj=;= !((* a}zfv @&

&= /]l8of] g]kfnsf] :yfkgf    — lj=;= @))& r}q @)

*= nf]s;]jf cfof]u :yfkgf    — lj=;= @))* c;f/ !

(= g]kfn :sfp6 :yfkgf     — lj=;= @))(

!)= g]kfn /fi6« a}Í :yfkgf    — lj=;= @)!# a}zfv !$

!!= g]kfnsf] klxnf] ;xsf/L avfg ;xsf/L -lrtjg_ :yfkgf — lj=;= @)!# r}q @)

!@= ;jf{]Rr cbfnt :yfkgf    — lj=;= @)!# h]7 *

!#= g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)!$ c;f/ (

!$= g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)!% c;f/ !&

!%= /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] u7g :yfkgf — lj=;= @)!& kmfNu'g &

!^= g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; lgud :yfkgf — lj=;= @)!^ c;f/ !

!&= g]zgn 6]«l8ª lnld6]8 :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)!* r}q !

!*= /fli6«o afl0fHo a}Í :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)@@ df3 @@

!(= s[lif ljsf; a}Í :yfkgf    — lj=;= @)@$ df3 &

@)= b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)@^

@!= kf7\sqm ljsf; s]G›sf] :yfkgf  — lj=;=@)@* ef› %

@@= g]kfn kf/jxg tyf uf]bfd Aoj:yf sDkgL :yfkgf — lj=;= @)@* ef› #)

@#= ;f+:s[lts ;+:yfgsf] :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)@( c;f/ %

@$= g]kfn b'/;+rf/ ;+:yfg :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)#@ c;f/ !

@%= g]kfn b'/;+rf/ sDkgL :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)^! a}zfv !

@^= g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)$! df3 !&

@&= g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f :yfkgf   — lj=;=@)$@ ef› !

@*= dfO{tL g]kfn :yfkgf     — lj=;= @)$(

@(= b'/ lzIff s]G› :yfkgf    — lj=;= @)%) >fj0f !

#)= g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ :yfkgf    — lj=;= @)%% kf}if !^

#!= gful/s nufgL sf]if :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)$& r}q $

#@= /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb :yfkgf   — lj=;= @)!&

##= /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u :yfkgf — lj=;= @)%& h]i7 !#

#$= ;z:q k|x/L an :yfkgf    — lj=;= @)%* sflt{s *

#%= g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb :yfkgf — lj=;= @)$&

yk k|Zgf]Q/

!= g]kfnnfO{ slxn] !$ c~rn &% lhNnfdf slxn] ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] <  — @)!* a}zfv !

@= g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] ? @), @% / %) b/sf gf]6 klxnf]kN6 s'g s'g ldltdf k|sflzt u/]sf] xf] <

— qmdzM @)#( sflt{s @@, @)%@ r}q @( / @)#$ a}zfv !$

#= g]kfn /fi6« a}+Ín] cf j @)&!÷)&@ sf] nflu hf/L df}l›s gLlt cg';f/ s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] sfod ug{'kg]{ clgjfo{ gub df}Hbft cg'kft slt slt /x]sf] 5 <

— qmdzM ^Ü, %Ü, $Ü

$= s'n]vfgL, lrlnd] / df]lbvf]nf hnljB't cfof]hgf s'g s'g lhNnfdf kb{5g\ <

— qmdzM dsjfgk'/, /;'jf / kj{t

%= h'Dnf, a'6jn / dGynL s'g s'g glbsf] lsgf/df cjl:yt 5g\ <

— qmdzM ltnf, ltgfpF / tfdfsf]zL

^= sfnf] em08f / ;]tf] em08fn] s'g s'g s'/fsf] ;+s]t ub{5 < — qmdzM la/f]w / zflGt

&= lgDg s[ltsf n]vssf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ Û

¨ ;]tf] w/tL   — cd/ Gof}kfg]

¨ r6\ofªsf] b]z   — 8fod08 ;d;]/ /f0ff

¨ gbL lsgf/sf dfemL    — df]xg sf]O{/fnf  

*= lgDg b]zsf d'›fnfO{ s] elgG5 <

¨ /l;of       — ?a]n

¨ O08f]g]lzof   — ?lkof

¨ dn]l;of      — l/lË6

(= ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf k|of]u x'g] VSAT / HTTP sf] lj:tfl/t ?k n]Vg'xf];\ ÛÛ

— Very small aperture terminal & Hypertext Transfer Protocol

;flxTo÷;[hgf

k|]d k|:tfj

w]/} kl5 aNn cfh

PSnf] eP h:tf] nfUof]

PSnf] dgsf] s'/f ug{

d]/f] dgsf] 8/ efUof]

of] wtL{df hGd]kl5

Ps k6s t dg}{ kg]{

PSn} lhp5'F eg] klg

Pssf] e/ t kg}{ kg]{

w]/} w]/} ;frL d}n]

ltdLnfO{ g} 5fg]sf] 5'

ltdLn] h] eg] klg

hLjg ;fyL dfg]sf] 5'

ltdLn] dnfO{ ;fy lbP

dt ltd|} ;fydf 5'

ltdLn] h] eg] klg

d t ltd|} cfzdf 5'

nfdf] hLjg k'/f ug{

ltd|} ;fy 5fg]sf] 5'

ltdL o;nfO{ h] eg

k|:tfj d}n] dfg]sf] 5'

O{Zj/ kf08]o

z+s/gu/–$, ?kGb]xL g]kfn

ltld 5fn, d lsgf/

;fob ;d'G› xf] hLjg

clg d lsgf/ Û

;fob ;d'G› xf] hLjg

clg ltdL 5fn Û

;fob ;d'G› xf] k|]d

clg d k|]dLsf

;fob 5fn xf] k|]d

clg ltdL ;fwLsf

lsgf/ / 5fn xfdL

Ifl0fs gftf of]

lsgf/ / 5fn xfdL

lj5f]8 g} lj5f]8 of]

ljXjn 5' d

ltd|f] k|ltIffdf ;w}

c3L/ 5' of]

ltd|f] ldngdf ;w}

5fn xf} ltdLnfO{

kms{g' kg]{ afWotf

lsgf/ x'F d

k|ltIff ug{' kg]{ ljjztf

k|ltIffsf] oxL qmddf

hLjg l;l4Psf] x]g{' kg]{ d}n]

k|ltIffsf] oxL qmddf

dnfdL l/lQPsf] x]g{' kg]{ d}n]

ltd|f] k|ltIffdf

d'bf{sf] ;fFIfL ag] d

ltd|f] k|ltIffdf

dzfgsf] s'g]{ nfIfL ag] d

ltdL 5fn d lsgf/

ltdL rG›df d rsf]/

xfdL larsf] b'/L aGof]

ljjztfsf] of] kvf{n ÛÛÛ

sjoqL

gLtf s]=;L=æe§/fO{Æ

n}grf}/, sf7df08f}F

;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg

dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Laf6 hf/L ul/Psf] xsbfjL ;DjlGw #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&#÷&÷!         

lhNnf 8f]6L dxfb]a:yfg uf=lj=;=j8f g+=# l:yt ls=g+=&!, &*, %*%, ^*#, ^(&, &*^, &(^, P]= uf=lj=;= j8f g+=% l:yt ls=g+=$&( / *#%  sf] hUuf ;f]xL uf=lj=;=j8f g+=# a:g] wd]{ cf]emfsf] gftL s"o cf]emfsf] 5f]/f sGh] cf]emfsf] gfpFdf gfkgS;f eO{ >]:tfk'hf{ sfod ePsf]df hUufwlg sGh] cf]emf ljut @% jif{ b]lv j]kQf eO{ d/] lhpgfsf] yfxf gePsf] / lgh cljjflxt cj:yfdf j]kQf ePsf]n] lghjf6 ;Gtfg 5f]/f5f]/L sf]xL s]xL geO{ ck'tfnL k/]sf]n] lghsf] z]ifkl5sf] xsbf/ sfG5f j'jfsf] 5f]/f /fd cf]emf dfq ePsf] x'bf+ d[tssf] gfpFdf /x]sf] 8f]6L dxfb]j:yfg uf=lj=;= l:yt k'/} 3/ hUuf d]/f] gfpFdf Psnf}6L gfd;f/L u/L kfpF egL 8f]6L dxfb]j:yfg uf=lj=;= sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] r=g+= #% ldlt M– @)&#÷%÷!% sf] ls6fgL l;kmf/L; kq, d[tssf] gfpFsf]] hUufwlg k||df0f k'hf{, g]kfnL gf=k|=k, rfn' cf=j=sf] dfnkf]t a'emfPsf] /l;b, d[To' btf{ k|df0f kq, gftf k|dfl0ft cflb k|df0fx? ;fy} /fvL lh=8f]6L dxfb]j:yfg uf=lj=;=j8f g+=# a:g] /fd cf]emfn] o; dfnkf]t sfof{no, 8f]6Ldf ldlt @)&#÷%÷!^ df lgj]bg lbg' ePsf]n] pQm hUuf ;DjGwdf s'g} s;}sf] xsbfjL k'Ug] eP, sGh] cf]emf j]kQf gePsf] eP jf ;Dks{df eP jf lgh lgj]bssf] dfubfjL jdf]lhd gfd;f/L ug{ gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq cfkm";Fu ePsf ;Ssn k|df0f ;fy sfof{nodf ph'/ bfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf . cGoyf Dofbleq s'g} s;}n] ph'/L bfjL gu/] lgodfg';f/ e} hfg] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgf åf/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .

dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Laf6 hf/L ul/Psf] xsbfjL ;DjlGw #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf

;"rgf k|sflzt ldltM @)&#÷&÷!

lhNnf 8f]6L jf/kf6f uf=lj=;=j8f g+= % l:yt ls=g+= !(! / @)& sf] k'/} 3/hUufx? bn'jfsf] 5f]/f jif{ %! sf] afhL 9f]nLsf] gfpFdf gfkgS;f eO{ hUufwlg k|df0f k'hf{ sfod ePsf]df hUufwlg afhL 9f]nLsf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0f kqdf gfd M– jxfb'/ bdfO{ pd]/ ^! jif{, afa' M–bn jxfb'/ bdfO{ :yfoL 7]ufgf M– jf/kf6f uf=lj=;=j8f g+= # x'g uO{ gfd, y/, pd]/, afa'sf] gfd / 7]ufgf km/s kg{ uPsf] ePtfklg lt b'a} gfd, y/, 7]ufgf ePsf JolQm km/s km/s JolQm geO{ Pp6} JolQm jf/kf6f uf=lj=;= j8f g+=# a:g] bn'jfsf] 5f]/f afhL 9f]nL eGg] bn jxfb'/ bdfO{sf]  5f]/f jxfb'/ bdfO{ ePsf]n] g]=gf=k|=k= adf]lhd gfd, y/, afa'sf] gfd, pd]/ / 7]ufgf ;+;f]wg u/L kfFp egL jf/kf6f uf=lj=;=l:yt hUufwlg k|df0f k'hf{, dfnkf]t a'emfPsf] /l;b, jf/kf6f uf=lj=;=sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] r=g+= &(, ldlt M– @)&#÷^÷!^ sf] ls6fgL l;kmf/L; kq, g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0f kq, cflb k|df0fx? ;fy} /fvL ldlt @)&#÷^÷!( df o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg bfjL ug'{ ePsf]n] xsbfjL ;DjlGw of] ;"rgf k|sfl;t ul/Psf] 5 . pQm hUuf ;DjGwdf s'g} s;}sf] xsbfjL k'Ug] eP jf lgj]bssf] dfubfjL jdf]lhd gfd, y/, pd]/ / 7]ufgf ;+;f]wg ug{ gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] jf6f]sf] Dofb jfx]s #% lbgleq cfkm';Fu ePsf ;Ssn k|df0f ;fy sfof{nodf ph'/ bfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf . cGoyf Dofb leq s'g} s;}sf] ph'/L bfjL gk/] lgodfg';f/ e} hfg] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfåf/f hfgsf/L ul/G5 .

     3/kfn'jf s's'/ jf ;8s s's'/af6 aRg] % j6f tl/sf

-!_ 5fp/f 5fp/L ;+u}sf] s's'/, vfO{/x]sf] s's'/nfO{ lh:sfpg] ug'{ x'b}g .

-@_ l/;fPsf], bfFt b]vfPsf] k'R5/ n'sfPsf], efUg] cj:yfdf /x]sf] s's'/ b]lvPdf cfkm} ;t{s /xg' xf]; .

-#_ To:tf] s's'/ hfO nfu]df l7ª ?v h;/L pleg], 6fpsf] n'sfP/ s'v'/fsf] cf;gdf a:g], clg aNn pQm s's'/;+u kl/lrt eP h;/L cfkm\gf] uGtAodf la:tf/} n'?n'? lx8\g] ug'{ xf]; .

-$_ 3/kfn'jf s's'/ ePsf] 3/df hfg' k/]df la:tf/} k/}af6 pQm s's'/sf] gfdn] af]nfpg' xf]; / la:tf/} kl/lrt h:tf] u/]df 9fF8df ;'D;'dfpg' xf]; / cfkmgf] sfddf nfUg' xf]; .

-%_ s's'/n] 6f]sL xfn]df t'?Gt ;fa'g kfgLn] pQm 3fFp /fd|f];+u kvfnL oyfl;3| lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ vf]k nufpg' xf]; .

    

lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no 8f]6L

kmf]=g= )($ $@)!!$, $@)!&!

lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no, 8f]6Lsf] ;"rgf

olx ldlt @)&# ;fn sflt{s @ / # ut]sf lbg /fli6«o cfd le6fldg æPÆ ljt/0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t ^ dlxgf b]lv % jif{ ;Ddsf jfnjflnsfx?nfO{ le6fldg æPÆ SofK;'n tyf ! jif{ b]lv % jif{ ;Ddsf jfnjflnsfx?nfO{ h'sfsf] cf}iflw v'jfpg] sfo{qmd /x]sf]n] pQm lbg cfkm\gf jfnjflnsfnfO{ glhs}sf] le6fldg æPÆ v'jfpg] s]Gb| cyjf :jf:Yo ;+:yfjf6 le6fldg æPÆ / h'sfsf] cf}iflw v'jfpg x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu glhs}sf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsf tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ /fVg x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no, 8f]6L

xflb{s ;db]jgf

cfof] 6Kk l6Kof], nUof], ldlt k'Uof], 6f/]/ 6b}{g Tof] .

O{Gb|} lalGt u?g em's]/ kbdf, Tof] lalGt dfGb}g Tof] ..

hGd M !((& ;fn c;f/ !& ut]                                                    d[To' M @)&# ;fn c;f]h !( ut]

P:sf]g 8f]6Lsf ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:o >L ;+lutk|;fb >]i7sf k'HogLo a'jf laZjk|;fb >]i7sf] olx ldlt @)&# ;fn c;f]h !( ut] &^ jif{sf] pd]/df c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] vj/n] xfdLnfO{ :tJw jgfPsf] 5 . b'Mvsf] o; 38Ldf d[t cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ ;f]sfs'n kl/jf/hgk|lt ulx/f] ;db]jgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

P:sf]g 8f]6L kl/jf/