xfdL g]kfnLx?df
h'g;'s} If]qdf klg sfd u/]/ b]vfpg ;Sg] cj:yf 5 / ;kmn klg x'g ;lsG5 . gofF
k|lalw / gofF If]qx?df xfdL hfg}k5{ . d'VotM xfdLdf k|ltj4tf, nuglzntf, cfF6 /
;fx;\ rflxG5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu
d'Vo ;dfrf/
;'emfjdf cv08
;'b"/klZrdsf] dfu a9L
/fhwfgL lbkfon
rflxof], lxGb'/fHo rflxof],
gofF ;+lawfgsf] d:of}bf jf]s]/ hgtfsf] /fo ;'emfj ;+sngsf nflu
;'lawf ;DkGg 7fpF;Dd cfPsf ;ef;b\x?nfO{ 8f]6L lhNnfjf;Ln] ;'b"/klZrd cv08
x'g' kg]{ dfu u/]sf 5g .
;'emfj
;+sngsf nflu 8f]6L lhNnfdf ePsf laleGg sfo{qmddf clwsf+; ;'emfj bftfx?n]
;'b"/klZrdsf] xfn sfod /x]sf] ;+/rgfnfO{ Ps k|b]z jgfO{g' kg]{ / To;sf] /fhwfgL
lbkfon x'g' kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g . …xfd|f] dfu cv08 ;'b"/klZrd xf] /
To;sf] /fhwfgL lbkfon xf], olb To;f] x'g ;s]g eg] clxn]sf ;ef;b\x? s}nfnLsf]
uf]bfj/L eGbf dfyL gcfpg'Ú :yfgLo jf;Lx? r]tfjgLo'Qm :j/df cfkm\gf
hgk|ltlglwx?nfO vj/bf/L u/]sf 5g .
cv08
;'b"/klZrdsf] dfustf{x?n] ;+lawfg;efn] clxn]g} k|b]zsf] l;df+sgsf]
laifonfO{ 6'+UofP/ hfg' kg]{ dfu /fv]sf 5g . cv08 ;'b"/–klZrd x'g' kg]{
klxrfg ;fdYo{sf lx;fjn] k|;:t cfwf/x? /x]sf] pgLx?sf] bfjL 5 .
o:t}
;'emfjbftfx?n] d:of}bfdf /x]sf] wd{lg/]k]Iftf zJb x6fO{g' kg]{ / g]kfnnfO lxGb'
/fHo 3f]if0ff ul/g' kg]{ dfu /fv]sf 5g . s/Lj *# k|lt;t hg;+Vof lxGb'x?sf]
/x]sf] jtfpFb} ;'emfjstf{x?n] lxGb' /fi6« jgfO{ cGo wdf{jnDjLx? nfO{ klg wfld{s
:jtGqtf lbO{g' kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g .
k|To]If
lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/L
;'emfjbftfx?dWo]
s]xLn] hgtfjf6 k|To]If lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/L x'g' kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g . k|wfgdGqL
jf /fi6«klt sfo{sf/L hf] ePklg hgtfjf6 k|To]If lgjf{lrt x'g' kg]{ dfu /x]sf] 5
. d:of}bfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] zf;sLo :j?kn] /fi6«k|d'v / ;/sf/k|d'vsf lardf åGå
;[hgf x'g] ;'emfjbftfx?sf] ts{ 5 . ;'emfjbftfx?n] k|wfgdGqL sfo{sf/L x'g' kg]{
/ /fi6«klt ;+a}wflgs x'g' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g . d:of}bfn] /fi6«kltnfO{
cl;ldlt clwsf/ lbg vf]h]sf]n] o;n] ubf{ csf]{ tfgfzfx hGdg ;Sg] vt/f /x]sf]
pgLx?sf] egfO{ 5 .
;+3Lotf
vf/]h x'g' kg]{
d:of}bfdf
;'emfjbftfx? dWo] pNn]Von] ;+3Lotf lagfsf] ;+lawfg hf/L ug'{ kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf
5g . k|b]z ;+Vof / l;df+sgs} ;d:ofsf sf/0f ut ;+lawfg;efn] gofF ;+lawfg hf/L
ug{ g;s]sf] / clxn]sf] ;+lawfg;efn] klg k|b]zsf] l;df+sg lag}sf] ;+lawfg hf/L
ug]{ ePsfn] yk lajfb x'g] jtfpFb} pgLx?n] ;+3Lotfg} cfjZos gePsf] ts{ /fv]sf 5g
. d'n'ssf] cfly{s cj:yfn] klg ;+3LotfnfO{ wfGg g;lsg] / ;+3Lotfn] /fli6«otfnfO{
sdhf]/ jgfpg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] ;'emfjdf JoQm u/]sf 5g .
k"0f{
k|]; :jtGqtfsf nflu rsf]{ cfjfh
gofF
aGg] ;+lawfgdf k"0f{ k|]; :tGqtf eGg] jfSof+; k|:tfjgfd} pNn]v ul/g' kg]{
eGb} rsf]{ cfjfh p7]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf sfo{/t ;~rf/sdL{x?, gful/–s ;dfhsf
k|ltlglwx? / s]xL /fhgLlts sfo{stf{x?n] ;d]t k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf
jsfnt u/]sf 5g . @)^@÷)^# ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng / cGo /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngx?df ;d]t
;~rf/ If]q k|d'v lx:;]bf/ ePsf sf/0f ;+a}wflgs ?kdf k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtfsf]
Uof/]06L ul/g' kg]{ ;'emfPsf 5g . o:t} ;~rf/sdL{x?n] @)$& ;fn / @)^# ;fnsf]
;+lawfgdf Joj:yf ePsf] …;dfrf/ k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f u/]sf sf/0f s'g} klg
;~rf/dfWodsf] btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}gÚ eGg]
jfSofF; gofF jGg] ;+lawfgdf klg /flvg' kg]{ dfu /fv]sf 5g .
;+:yfut
?kdf ;'emfj
k|fs[lts
>f]t;fwgdfyL hgtfsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g' kg]{ dfu ub}{ ;fd'bflos jg
pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 g]kfn, lhNnf dxf;+3 8f]6Ln] ;ef;b\x?nfO{ ;ft a'Fb] ;'emfjkq
k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . ;f]djf/ laxfg Ps 5'§} sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ ;'emfj ;+sngsf
nflu 8f]6L k'u]sf ^ hgf ;ef;b\x?nfO{ dxf;+3n] pQm ;'emfj kq k]z u/]sf x'g .
;'emfjdf gofF aGg] ;+lawfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ub}{
eGg] zJb yk ul/g' kg]{ dfu /flvPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L
blnt ;d'bfonfO{ hg;+Vofsf cfwf/df /fHosf x/]s lgsfodf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g'
kg]{ dfu /fVb} blnt ;d'bfosf] ;zlQms/0fsf] If]qdf sfo{/t cu'jfx?n] lnlvt ;'emfj
lbPsf 5g . pgLx?n] blnt ;d'bfonfO{ bzgfdLleqjf6 x6fpg] u/L d:of}bf
jg]sf]k|ltklg cfklQ k|s6 u/]sf 5g .
dlxnf /
h]i7 gful/s x?n] klg cfkm\gf ;'emfj ;+:yfut ?kdf lnlvt lbPsf 5g .
/fo
;'emfjx?kl5 ;+lawfg;efsf ;b:ox?n] hgtfjf6 cfPsf ;'emfjx? h:tfsf] To:t}
;+lawfg;efdf n}hfg] / cfPsf /fd|f ;'emfjx?nfO{ ;+lawfgdf ;efj]z ug{sf nflu kxn
ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP .
/fo ;'emfj ;+sngsf nflu g]kfnL sf+u|];sf
tkm{jf6 ;+lawfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;ef;b\x? la/jxfb'/ jnfo/, e/tjxfb'/ v8sf /
sNkgf ;f]j, g]skf Pdfn]jf6 k|]djxfb'/ cfn]du/ / uf}/L cf]nL / Pg]skf
dfcf]jfbLjf6 lgzf zfx u/L ^ hgf ;ef;b\ 8f]6L k'u]sf lyP .
;DkfbsLo
;jfn auL{otfsf] klg 5
clxn] ;+lawfg;efjf6 gofF ;+lawfg jGg] k|lqmof cuf8L j9]sf] 5 .
;+lawfg;efn] gofF ;+lawfgsf] d:of}bf tof/ u/L /fo ;'emfjsf nflu hgtfdf pQm
;+lawfg k7fO{ klg ;s]sf] 5 . d:of}bfdf ;'emfj lbg]x?sf] clxn] lgs} 7'nf] tfFtL
nfu]sf] 5 . laleGg If]q, ju{, ;d'bfo, tx, lnËsf JolQmx?n] clxn] ;+lawfg;efdf
clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g' kg]{ dfu /flv/x]sf 5g / s]xL xb;Dd d:of}bfdf ;j}sf s'/fx?
cfPsf 5g . t/ b'ef{Uo eGg'k5{, h'g ju{nfO{ nlIft u/L ;+lawfg lgdf{0f eO{/x]sf]
5 elgPsf] 5, Tof] ju{n] kfpg] s'/f s] xf] < ;+lawfg;efdf To:tf] ju{ hf]
/ftlbg lu§L s'6]/, lab]zdf uP/ kl;gf jufP/, /ftlbg hldg lr/]/, cfkm\gf] Hofg
hf]lvddf /fv]/ cfkm\gf] / hfxfg s]6fs]6Lsf] k]6 kfN5 / /fHonfO{
O{dfgbf/Lk"j{s s/ lt5{ To:tf] dfG5]nfO{ s] lbG5 t of] ;+lawfgn] <
;dfhdf
slyt pkNnf] ju{sf gfddf s]xL ;De|fGtx?n] u/]sf] plTk8gsf] j]jhx efu]bf/ jg]sf]
p ck/fw klg ug{ ;Sb}g lsgeg] sfg'g;+u 8/fpF5, p s/ klg lgoldt lt5{ lsgeg]
p:nfO{ j]O{dfgL ug{ cfpFb}g, p cfkm\gf] dfu /fVgsf nflu cfGbf]ng klg ug{ ;Sb}g
lsgeg] p;+u cfGbf]ng ug]{ tf}/tl/sfx?jf/] hfgsf/L 5}g . t/, hLjge/L kl;gf
aufO{/xG5, lu§L s'l6/xG5, xnf] hf]lt/xG5, clg To:tf] JolQm slyt blnt hftsf]
gfddf jf slyt pkNnf] hftsf] gfddf ;w}+e/L x]lkO{/xG5, lklN;/xG5, bljO/xG5 .
p;sf] cfjfh g s;}n] ;'G5, g t p;+u cfkm\gf] rsf]{ cfjfh g} 5 .
lglZrt
?kdf ;fdflhs plTk8gdf k/]sf ;d'bfox?n] cf/If0f kfpg'k5{ . Tof] pgLx?n]
o'uf}+b]lv em]Nb} cfPsf] ckdfg, b'Mvsf] / lt/:sf/sf] If]ltk"lt{ xf] . o;df
s;}sf] b'O{ dt 5}g t/ of] cf/If0fjf6 ;|f]t s:n] kfpF5 eGg] s'/fsf] Uof/]06L
;+lawfgn] ug'{k5{ . hftLo cf/If0f jf n}lËs cf/If0f kfpg] gfddf slyt pkNnf]
hftsf elgPsf JolQmx? eGbf sof}+ u'0f a9L ;DkGg ePsfx?n] cj /fHojf6
If]ltk"lt{ lnO{/xg' kg]{ s'g} h?/L 5}g / /fHon] To:tf ;d'bfonfO{ cf/If0f
lbO{/xg' kg]{ h?/L klg 5}g . s'g}
jfnssf] s'g} ;d'bfodf hGd]s} sf/0f s'g} bf]if kfpg' x'Fb}g . To;}n] /fHon]
;f]Rg' kg]{ s] 5 eg] u}/ blnt elgPsf ;d'bfosf klg To:tf lakGg ju{nfO{
5fqa[lQsf] Joj:yf ug'{ k5{ . pgLx?nfO{ klg cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g' k5{ .
s]
a'em\g' h?/L 5 eg] v]tdf xnf] hf]lt/x]sf] JolQmn] cGg pTkfbg u5{ . Tof] cGg lo
gLlt lgdf{tfx?, cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?, ;dfhdf laleGg lae]b\ km}nfpg]x?, 6'kL hg} ePsf
/ gePsfx? ;j} vfG5g . pgLx?sf] kl;gfdf xfdL df]6fpg] u/]sf 5f}+ . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf xnf] hft]/ cGg pTkfbg ug]{sf] 5f]/f]n]
O{lGhlgo/, 8fS6/ jf cGo k]zfdf hfg] clwsf/ /fV5 ls /fVb}g < ls t p:sf efjL
lkl8x?n] ;w}+e/L xnf] dfq} hf]lt/xg' k5{ <
To;}n]
hftLo d'QmLsf ;fy;fy} auL{o d'QmLsf] k|Zg klg cxdM k|Zg xf] . Ps lae]b cGTo
ug]{ gfddf csf]{ lae]b ;[hgf ug]{ u/L b]zsf] d'n sfg'g jgfO{g' x'Gg . clxn];Dd
lae]bdf k/]sf ;d'bfosf s'g ju{n] /fHojf6 If]ltk'lt{ kfpg] jf cf/If0f kfpg] eGg]
s'/fsf] ls6fgL ;+lawfgdf ug'{ h?/L 5 . cGoyf csf]{ lae]b x'g]5, csf]{ lae]bn]
csf]{ lab|f]x hGdfpg]5 / km]/L cl:y/tf ;[hgf x'g] s'/fdf s'g} b'O{dt 5}g .
To;sf/0f clxn] of] ;+lawfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf ePsf a]nf o:tf ;j} s'/fx?nfO{
Vofn u/]/ cuf8L a9\g' h?/L 5 . ;do 3ls{;s]kl5 k5'tfpg' eGbf clxn]g} a'4L
k'¥ofP/ cuf8L a9\g' a'l4dfgL x'g cfpF5 .
yk ;dfrf/
;'b"/jf6 #( klqsf
auL{s/0fdf
laDa ;fKtflxs km]/L ævÆ
ju{df
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] kqklqsf juL{s/0fsf] glthf
cg';f/ ;'b"/klZrdjf6 #( klqsf laleGg ju{df juL{s/0f ePsf 5g . 8f]6Ljf6
lgoldt ?kdf k|sfzg x'g] laDa ;fKtflxs
km]/L ævÆ ju{df k/]sf] 5 .
ut
lalxjf/ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] cfly{s jif{ )&)÷)&! sf] glthf cg';f/
s~rgk'/jf6 k|sfzg x'g] ld// Go'h dfl;s /fli6«o:t/sf] ævÆ ju{df juL{s/0f ePsf] 5
. ;'b"/jf6 cGo klqsfx? /fli6«o:t/df juL{s/0f ePsf 5}gg\ . If]qLo:t/sf]
juL{s/0fdf s}nfnLjf6 k|sfzg x'g] ;'b"/ ;Gb]z b}lgs, cg'df]bg b}lgs / klZrd
6'8] b}lgs æsÆ ju{df k/]sf 5g . o:t} If]qLo b}lgsx?df 88]Nw'/fjf6 k|sfzg x'g]
lxn6fO{D; b}lgs, s}nfnLsf] s}nfnL b}lgs, s~rgk'/sf] ckL 6'8] b}lgs / s~rgk'/s}
klZrd g]kfn b}lgs ævÆ ju{df auL{s/0f ePsf 5g .
sfplG;nn]
cfkm\gf] j]j;fO{6 dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] glthf cg';f/ If]qLo æuÆ ju{df k/]sf
b}lgsx?df s}nfnLsf] /fli6«o ;Gbe{, s~rgk'/sf z'SnfkmfF6f / cleofg g]kfnL b}lgs
k/]sf 5g . ;'b"/klZrdjf6 …3Ú ju{df s'g} klg klqsfsf] gfd pNn]n 5}g .
If]qLo
;fKtflxsx?df æsÆ ju{df s'g} klg klqsf k/]sf] 5}g . laDa ;fKtflxs ævÆ km]/L
ju{df juL{s/0f ePsf] 5 . laDa ;fKtflxs laut kfFr jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ ?kdf ævÆ ju{df
auL{s/0f x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o:t} s}nfnLjf6 k|sfzg x'g] 3f]8f3f]8L ;Gb]z klg …vÚ
ju{df k/]sf] 5 .
If]qLo:t/sf]
;fKtflxsdf s~rgk'/jf6 k|sfzg x'g] lbzflgb]{z æuÆ ju{df k/]sf] 5 . s}nfnLjf6
k|sfzg x'g] ;'b"/ lrgf/L 4}dfl;s klg If]qLo:t/sf] ævÆ ju{df k/]sf] 5 .
o:t} ;flxlTos klqsfdf s~rgk'/jf6 k|sfzg x'g] uu'N6L If]qLo:t/sf] …sÚ ju{df kg{
;kmn ePsf] 5 .
:yfgLo:t/sf]
auL{s/–0fdf ;'b"/jf6 æsÆ bfr'{nfjf6 k|sfzg x'g] bfr'{nf ;Gb]z / s}nfnLjf6
k}sfzg x'g] wgu9L kf]i6 k/]sf 5g . ævÆ ju{df yf? efiffsf] kx'/f b}lgs, l6sfk'/
b}lgs, 88]Nw'/f kf]i6 b}lgs /x]sf 5g . s~rgk'/sf] kmf/j]i6 b}lgs …uÚ ju{df
k/]sf] 5 . o:t} s}nfnLsf] dlg{Ë j]n, ;]tL ;dfrf/, s]nfnL x6nfO{g, sfnfGt/
b}lgs, dnjf/f b}lgs / ;dfwfg b}lgs …3Ú ju{df auL{s/0f ePsf 5g .
:yfgLo
;fKtflxsdf auL{s/0f x'g] klqsfx?df bfr'{nfjf6 k|sfzg x'g] sfnfkfgL ;fKtflxs /
s}nfnLjf6 k|sfzg x'g] ;'b"/klZrdsf] k|of; …sÚ ju{df auL{s/0f ePsf 5g .
88]Nw'/fjf6 k|sfzg x'g] lxGbs'z, s}nfnLsf] ;QL s0ff{nL, s~rgk'/sf]
;'b"/klZrd kf]i6 …vÚ df k/]sf 5g . o:t} s}nfnLsf xfd|f] o'u bk{0f,
;'b"/ ;Gbe{, xfd|f] ;]tL ;fKtflxs, 88]Nw'/fsf] /+u'g, afh'/fsf] jfh'/f ck8]6 …uÚ ju{df 5g eg] s~rgk'/sf]
>L ;fy{s ;fKtflxs …3Ú ju{df k/]sf] 5 .
s}nfnLjf6
k|sfzg x'g] ;xofqL kf]i6 b}lgs / c5fdjf6 k|sfzg x'g] vKt8 ;Gb]z b}lgssf] glthf
:ylut ul/Psf] 5 .
sfplG;nsf]
j]j;fO{6df /flvPsf] glthf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ )&)÷)&! sf] juL{s/0fsf
nflu cfj]bg lbg] cf7 ;o &%
klqsfx?dWo] cf7 ;o @@ klqsfx? juL{s/0fdf k/]sf 5g eg] %# klqsfsf] glthf
:ylut ul/Psf] 5 . kmf]6f]skL k|sfzg, x'jx'df k/]sf, ;+:yfut k|sfzg, sDKo'6/
lk|06, c+s ck'u, k]h ck'u / cj1fsf/L eGb} lt klqsfx?sf] glthf :ylut ul/Psf]
hgfO{Psf] 5 .
klqklqsf
juL{s/0fsf] dfkb08 cg';f/ sfplG;nsf] lat/0f ;Dk/LIf0f ;ldltn] /fli6«o, If]qLo /
:yfgLo txdf kqklqsfx?sf] juL{s/0f u/L nf]ssNof0fsf/L ;Gb]z k|sfzgsf nflu dfl;s
cg'bfg lbg] u/]sf] 5 . lgoldt k|sfzg, klqsfsf] u'0f:t/, ;dfrf/sf] :t/, 5kfO{
;+Vof, 5kfO{sf] ;fO{h cflbnfO{ juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/ jgfO{G5 .
/fhZj ;+sngdf %) k|lt;t a[l4
n bof/fd kl08t÷afh'/f
$ ;fpg
cfly{s
jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df afh'/f lhNnfaf6 /fh:j c;'nLdf sl/a %) k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] atfO{Psf] 5 .
sf]if
tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{no afh'nf] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ cfly{s jif{
@)&!÷)&@ df afh'/f lhNnfaf6 tLg s/f]8 %@ nfv @# xhf/ cf7 ;o ** ?k}Fof
;+sng ePsf] xf] . h'g ut jif{sf] eGbf s/La %) k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] xf] . h;df
;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/, dlb/f k;n btf{, kfl/>lds s/, nufotsf cGo ljleGg lzif{saf6
/fh:j cz'nL ePsf] atfO{Psf] 5 . /fh:j ;DalGw pkef]Qmfdf r]tgfsf ljsf; x'g', s/
c;'nLsf nfuL ljleGg ;dodf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 nufot ;Da4 cGo lgsfon] r]tgf
lj:tf/sf nfuL sfd ug'{ / s/ ltg'{k5{ eGg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; x'g'n] /fh:j c;'nLdf
j[l4 ePsf] sf]if lgoGqs >Lk|;fb zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbP . ut jif{ b'O{ s/f]8 %)
nfv a/fa/sf] /fh:j ;+sng ePsf]df cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df s/La Ps s/f]8
al9n] /fh:j c;'nL a9]sf] atfO{Psf] 5 .
o; jif{
afh'/f lhNnfaf6 s'n !@ s/f]8 @! nfv #* xhf/ gf} ;o &# ?k}ofF lk|mh ePsf] 5
. pNn]lvt /sd dWo] rfn' tkm{ ;ft s/f]8 *( nfv ^* xhf/ rf/ ;o ^^ ?k}ofF lkmtf{
uPsf] 5 eg] k'FhLut tkm{ kfFr s/f]8 #! nfv &) xhf/ kfFr ;o &( ?k}ofF
lkmtf{ ePsf] 5 . afh'/f lhNnfsf ljleGg ljsf;] lgsfodWo] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6
;a} eGbf al9 ;ft s/f]8 %) nfv #$ xhf/ Ps ;o !% ?k}ofF lkmtf{ ePsf] 5 . To:t}
lhNnf lzIff sfof{no afh'/faf6 tLg s/f]8 *% nfv %) xhf/ cf7 ;o tLg, vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfO{ ;j l8lehg sfof{no afh'/f af6 %& nfv ^@ xhf/ kfFr ;o *&, :jf;Yo
sfof{noaf6 %) nfv ## xhf/ ^ ;o #( dlxnf tyf afnsflnsf sfof{noaf6 #& nfv $!
xhf/ $#, s[lif tyf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 #! nfv ^% xhf/ ;ft ;o $&, lhNnf jg
sfof{noaf6 ^ nfv &) xhf/ Ps ;o %) / 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltsf]
sfof{no af6 Ps nfv *) xhf/ * ;o *) ul/ s'n !@ s/f]8 @! nfv #* xhf/ gf} ;o
&# ?k}ofF lkmtf{ uPsf] sf]if lgoGqs zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbP . ;dodfg} sfo{qmd
tyf vr{sf] clVtof/L k|fKt gx'g', pkef]Qmf klg r}q tyf a}zfvsf] dlxgfdf ;Demf}tfsf]
nfuL cfpg' nufotsf ljleGg sf/0fn] pNn]lvt /sd lkmtf{ uPsf] x'g;Sg] zdf{n] jtfP
.
ejg gx'Fbf k7g kf7gdf ;d:of
n
la;÷afh'/f
;fpg $
afh'/f lhNnfsf clwsf+z ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf ejg cefjsf sf/0f k7g kf7g sfo{ k|efljt ag]sf] 5 .
ljBfno;+u
kof{Kt ejg gx'Fbf ljBfyL{nfO{ kfgL k/]sf] lbg 3/ k7fpg' kg]{ afWotf /x]sf]
lzIfsx?n] atfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ejgsf] ;d:of lhNnfsf b'/b/fhdf /x]sf / g]tf
lzIfsx?sf] afx'Notf gePsf ljBfnodf b]lvPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf laR5\of, ?uLg, ;fKkf6f,
tf]nL nufotsf uflj;df /x]sf ljBfnosf ejgsf] cj:yf bogLo /x]sf] 5 . laR5\of
dfljsf ljBfyL{x? rf}/df kfn 6fFu]/ lzIff cfh{g ug{ afWo 5g\ . @)#* ;fndf ;]tL
kl/of]hgfaf6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ejg k'glgdf{0f gx'Fbf elTs;s]sf] 5 . aiff{bsf]
a]nf lhNnfsf clwsf+z ljBfno aGb x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
ljBfyL{nfO{ 5ftf cf]9]/ kfn 6fFu]/ cWofog
ug{' kg]{ ;d:ofn] laBfno gcfpg] u/]sf] lzIfsx?sf] egfO{ 5 . tf]nLsf] hgzQmL
k|flj ufO{uf]? afFWg] uf]7 eGbf c;'/lIft 5 . sIff sf]7fleq kfgL el/Psf] 5 .
tf]nLdf ;~rflnt ;a}h;f] ljBfnosf] cj:yf bogLo /x]sf] tf]nL b]jn8fF8f pdfljsf
k|frfo{ 6]s/fh lu/Ln] atfP . c;f/sf] clGtd ;ftf;Dd lgoldt k9fO{ ePklg ;fpg /
ebf}sf] k'/} dlxgf k9fO{ k|efljt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . Ps ;o (@ lbg clgjfo{ lzIff
cfh{g ug{ kfpg' kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . t/ lhNnfsf clwsf+z ljBfnox?df lxpFbdf lr;f] /
aiff{bdf kfgLn] k'/f lbg k9fO{ ;~rfng ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
cv08 ;"k x'g] ;ef;b\x?sf]
bfjL
k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf n]lvG5
;ef;b\åo la/jxfb'/ anfo/ / k|]djxfb/ cfn]du/n] ;'b"/klZrd
cv08 /xg] ;fj{hlgs cleJolQm lbPsf 5g . ;+lawfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf k"0f{ k|];
:jtGqtf n]lvg] ;d]t b'j} ;ef;b\x?n] bfjL u/]sf 5g .
…k"0f{
k|]; :jtGqtf eGg] zJb TolQs} x6fO{Psf] xf]O{g, lgotj; x6fO{Psf] xf]Ú 8f]6L
If]q–! sf ;ef;b\ jnfo/n] cj k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtfg} n]lvP/ cfpg] jtfP .
cfkm'x?n] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf eGg] zJb k|:tfjgfd} pNn]v ug'{
kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] / k|wfgdGqLn] ;d]t k|ltj4tf JoQm ul/;s]sf] jnfo/sf] egfO{
lyof] .
o:t}
8f]6L If]q–@ sf ;ef;b\ cfn]n] klg ;+lawfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf
n]lvg] bfjL u/] . …;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ /fHosf] rf}yf] c+u eg]/ dfq} x'Fb}g
pgLx?nfO{ sfd ug{sf nflu :jtGqtf klg lbO{g' k5{Ú cfn]n] eg] ;~rf/dfWodnfO{
k"0f{ :jtGqtf x'g] u/L ;+lawfgdf
Joj:yf x'g]5 .
gfdf+sg
/ l;df+sgsf] laifonfO{ 6'Ëf] gnufP/ ;+lawfg hf/L ug]{ laifodf JolQmut ?kdf
cfkm' klg c;xdt /x]sf] jtfpFb} jnfo/n] t/ klg ;+lawfg cfpF5 ls eg]/ cln nlrnf]
x'g' k/]sf] jtfP . ;ef;b\ jnfo/n] cfkm' cv08 ;'b"/klZrdsf] kIfdf /x]sf]
jtfpFb} o;sf nflu cfkm'n] n8\g' kg]{ 7fpFdf ;w}+ n8\g tof/ /x]sf] jtfP . o;
If]qsf hgtfsf] rfxgf cg';f/ cfkm'n] sfd ug]{ jtfpFb} jnfo/n] eg] ;'k cv08g}
x'G5 .
;ef;b\
cfnn] ;'b"/klZrdsf] xfn sfod /x]sf] e'uf]n ;dfj]z ePsf] Ps k|b]z sfod x'g]
/ ;f] sf] /fhwfgL lbkfond} x'g] bfjL u/] . …d}n] ;'b"/klZrd Ps k|b]z x'g'
kg]{ s'/fdf ;j} bnsf lzif{ g]tfx?;+u ;d]t s'/f ul/;s]sf] 5'Ú cfn]n] eg] …olb
;'b"/klZrd Ps k|b]z / To;sf] /fhwfgL lbkfon ePg eg] …d hlt a]nf klg
;ef;b\jf6 /fhLgfdf lbP/ hgtfsf] aLrdf cfP/ cfGbf]ng ug]{5' .Ú
b'O{ xhf/n] /fxbfgL lnP
n la;÷c5fd
;fpg $
cfly{s
aif{ )&!÷)&@ df c5fdsf emG8} b'O{ xhf/ hgfn] /fxbfgL lnPsf 5g\ .
lhNnfaf6
l;kmfl/; lnP/ Ps xhf/ kfFr ;o @@ hgfn] /fxbfgL ljefuaf6} lnPsf 5g eg] afFsL rf/
;o &% hgfn] lhNnf k|zf;gaf6 u/L hDdf Ps xhf/ ( ;o (& hgfn] /fxbfgL
lnPsf x'g . ut cfly{s jif{df ;a}eGbf a9L sflQ{s dlxgfdf b'O{ ;o ## hgfn]
/fxbfgL lnPsf 5g\ .
d]lzg
l/8]jn kf;kf]6{ Pdcf/kL k|0ffnL nfu' ePb]lv c5fd lhNnfaf6 / lhNnfaf6 l;kmfl/;
u/]/ /fxbfgL laefuaf6 /fxbfgL lng]sf] ;+Vof a9]sf] c5fdsf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
cfgGb zdf{ e'iffnn] atfP . b]zdf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ gePkl5 /fxbfgL jgfP/ lab]z hfg] o'jfx?sf] ;+Vof
a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
;'b"/klZrd 6'lqmGg eG5g
/fjn
g]skf Pdfn]sf pkfWoIf eLd /fjnn] ;+3Lo k|b]zx?sf] l;df+sg ubf{
;'b"/klZrd s'g} klg xfntdf 6'qmfpg] kIfdf cfkm"x? g/x]sf] atfPsf 5g\
.
;+ljwfgsf]
klxnf] d:of}bfdfly ;'emfj ;+sng ug{ u[x lhNnf c5fd k'u]sf /fjnn] eg] …hgtfsf]
rfxgf ;'b"/–klZrd cv08 /xg'k5{ eGg] 5 . clg xfdL sf] xf}+ / hgtfnfO{
ltdLx? 5'l§g' k5{ eGg] <Ú /fjnn] ;fpg bf];|f] ;ftf;Dd g]kfnL hgtfn] gofF
;+ljwfg k|fKt ul/;Sg] atfPsf 5g\ . ;+ljwfgsf d:of}bfsf/ ;d]t /x]sf g]tf /fjnn]
clxn] hf/L x'g] ;+ljwfg ;xdltsf] b:tfj]h x'g] atfP .
gofF
aGg] ;+ljwfgdf ;j} vfn] dfusf] ;d'lrt ;Daf]wg xf];\ eGg]df cfkm"x? ;r]t
/x]sf] eGb} pgn] Ps k6s n]v]sf] ;+lawfg o'uf}+ o'u sfod g/xg] atfP . clxn]
;dfj]z x'g g;s]sf s'/fx? eljiodf cfjZos eP yk36 ug{ ;lsg] lasNk v'nf /x]sf]
/fjnn] atfP .
;+ljwfgsf]
klxnf] d:of}vf dfly ;'emfj ;+sng u/]/ /fjn ^ ut] sf7df8f}+ kms{g] sfo{qmd
/x]sf] 5 .
w'd|kfg ug]{jf6 ^) nfv /fhZj
;+sng
a}t8L lhNnfsf ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf w'd|kfg tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{ ;]jg
ug]{x?af6 lnPsf] h/Ljfgfaf6 ^) xhf/ /fhZj ;+sng ePsf] 5 .
;'lt{hGo
kbfy{ lgoGq0f / lgodg ug{ jg]sf] P]g @)^* nfO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofO{ ;f] adf]lhd ;fj{hlts
:yfgx?df w'd|kfg tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{ ;]jg ug]{x?af6 lnPsf] h/Ljfgfn] pQm /sd
;+sng ePsf] xf] . uPsf] k'if dlxgfdf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L d+unaxfb'/
zfxLsf] ;+of]huTjdf Pj+ lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no a}t8Lsf] ;dGjodf w'd|kfg tyf
;'lt{hGo kbfy{ lgoGq0f / lgodg ;ldlt u7g ePsf] lyof] .
sfg'g
sfof{Gjogdf pQm ;ldltsf] lqmofl;ntf / lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no cGtutsf rf}sL tyf
O{nfsfx?sf] ;lqmotfn] ut df3 dlxgfb]lv ;fj{hlts :yfgdf w'd|kfg ug]{ ^ ;o eGbf
a9L JolQmx? sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs Pj+ n]vf
k|d'v l8s/b]j kGyn] atfP .
pgsfsf
cg';f/ pQm sfo{df a}t8Lsf] vf]8\k], ;tafFh / kf6g If]qsf k|x/L OsfO{x?n] ljif]z
e'ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ . pQm ;+slnt /fhZj /sd ;f]daf/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo s/
sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] kGtn] atfP . kGtsf cg';f/ ;'lt{hGo tyf w'd|kfg ;]jg
ug]{x?af6 a}t8L lhNnfdf p7sf] pQm /fhZj /sd ;'b"/klZrdsf ;a} lhNnf eGbf
a9L xf] .
;'lt{hGo kbfy{ -lgoGq0f / lgodg_ ug{ jg]sf]
P]g @)^* n] ;fj{hlgs :yndf w'd|kfg ug{ k|ltjGw nufPsf] 5 . s;}n] ;fj{hlgs :yndf
w'd|kfg u/]sf] e]l6Pdf b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF;Dd hl/dfgf ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf pQm P]gn]
u/]sf] 5 . P]gsf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ ;j} ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?n] 5'§} w'd|kfg ug]{ sIf
:yfkgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 . tf]lsPsf] :yfgeGbf jflx/ w'd|dfg u/]df hl/dfgf ug]{ u/L
pQm P]g jgfOPsf] 5 . ;f]xL P]g cg';f/ a}t8Ldf ^) xhf/ ?k}ofF /fhZj ;+sng ePsf]
xf] .
k"j{ ;ef;b\x? o:tf] eG5g
;+lawfgsf] d:of}bf ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 clxn] pQm d:of}bfdf /fo ;'emfj
;+sng ug]{ sfo{ ltj| ?kdf eO{/x]sf] 5 . ufpFufpFdf ;+lawfgsf] d:of}bfdfyL
;'emfj lbg] sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . ;ef;b\x? /fo ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{ eGb} lhNnf txdf
k'u]sf 5g .
;+lawfg;efn]
/fo ;'emfjsf nflu k7fPsf] ;+lawfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf k"j{ ;ef;b\x? eg]
c;Gt'i6 b]lvPsf 5g . k"j{ ;ef;b\ tyf g]skf Pdfn]sf g]tf xs{jxfb'/ l;+x
eG5g …;+lawfgsf] d:of}bfsf] k:tfjgfg} c:i6 5 .Ú ;+lawfg s:tf] 5 eGg] s'/f
k|:tfjgfn]g} emNsfpg] ePsf sf/0f k|:tfjgfdf b]lvPsf] c:ki6tf x6fO{g' kg]{
l;+xsf] ;'emfj 5 .
klxnf]
;+lawfgn] tof/ d:of}bfdf w]/} tndfyL ePsf] l;+xsf] egfO{ 5 . …of] ;+lawfgdf
w]/} s'/f kl/dfh{g ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5Ú l;+xn] eg] …;+3Lotfsf ;jfndf
pQ/–blIf0f ldnfP/ n}hfg] eGg] k|i6 Joj:yf x'g' k5{ .Ú hgtfjf6 k|To]If lgjf{lrt
k|wfgdGqL x'g' kg]{ kIfdf l;+x 5g . l;+xn] ;+3Lo ;bgsf] ;+Vof w]/} ePsf] jtfP .
pgn] k|b]z;efdf sDtLdf $% hgf / a9Ldf ^) hgf;Dd /xg] u/L Joj:yf ul/g' kg]{ jtfP
.
l;+xn]
;'b"/klZrdsf] xfnsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ pyfjt /fVg] / pQm k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL lbkfon
/fVg] eGg] laifodf ls6fgL ;fy ;+lawfgdf pNn]v x'g' kg]{ jtfP . pgn] eg] …of] o;
If]qsf hgtfsf] dfu xf], o;} laifonfO{ lnP/ of] If]qsf hgtfn] Ps dlxgf nfdf]
;zQm cfGbf]ng ul/;s]sf 5g .Ú
j8fWoIfx?
k|To]If lgjf{lrt x'g' kg]{, lhNnf ;efsf] Joj:yfnfO{ :ki6 kfl/g' kg]{ pgL
jtfpF5g . l;+xn] y|];xf]N8sf] Joj:yf ul/ lgjf{rgdf sDtLdf tLg k|lt;t dt k|fKt
ug]{ bnnfO{ dfq} bnsf] dfGotf lbO{g] Joj:yf ul/g' kg]{ dfu u/] .
o:t}
k"j{ ;ef;b\ tyf g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o v]d jdn] ;+lawfg;efn] /fo
;'emfj ;+sngsf nflu hf/L u/]sf] ;+lawfgsf] d:of}bf hg– kIfLo gePsf] jtfPsf 5g .
hf/L
ul/Psf] d:of}bf k|lqmof ldr]/ cfPsf] jtfpFb} jdn] o; ;+lawfg ;+lawfgn] hgtfnfO{
/fxt glbPsf] jtfP . zf;sLo :j?kdf of] ;+lawfg ciki6 /x]sf] jtfpFb} eg] …;+3Lo
;+;bsf] cfsf/ klg w]/} 7'nf] jgfPsf] 5 .Ú ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLjf6 rog
x'g] ;+f;bx?sf] k|lt;t klg sd ePsf] k"j{ ;ef;b jdsf] egfO{ 5 .
…of]
;+lawfgn] zf]lift lkl8t hgtfsf] kIfdf s'g} gf}nf] s'/f lbg ;s]sf] 5}gÚ jdn] eg]
…dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf] laifodf klg 36fPsf] 5 .Ú cNk;+Vosx? sf] ;xeflutfsf]
;'lglZrttf ;d]t of] ;+lawfgsf] d:of}bfdf x'g g;s]sf] jtfpFb} pgn] eg] …hgtfn]
u/]sf] ck]Iff of] d:of}bfn] ;d]6\g ;s]sf] 5}g .Ú
l;+x / jd klxnf] ;+lawfg;efsf ;b:o x'g .
…cfTdsyfÚ
8f]6L dfGgfsfk8L ufla;–( df a:g] a'jf nl5/fd /
cfdf kbdfsf] sf]vjf6 la=;+= @)%^ ;fndf d]/f] hGd ePsf] xf] . s}nfnLsf] l;dnL
ufpFdf hlGdbf d / cfdf b'O{6} la/fdL eO{ pkrf/ ug{ hfFbf pkrf/ ;Dej gePkl5
kxf8lt/ kmls{of}+ . d hGdhft b'j} cfFvfsf] b[li6lalxg ePsf] hfgsf/L 5 . To;}u/L
d]/f] hGdlbg] cfdfsf] d[To' ePkl5 d 6'x'/f] eP . rf/ jif{kl5 a'jfn] csf]{ lax]
ug'{ eof] . b'O{ efO{ alxgL hGd]kl5 sfG5L cfdfsf] klg d[To' eof] . d / d]/L
alxgL s}nfnL dfdf3/ uof}+ . ToxfF 8f]6Ldf klg b[li6lalxgn] k9\g] laBfno /x]5
eGg] hfgsf/L eof] / l;nu9L cfO{ ckfË ;]jf ;+3df kmf]g u¥of}+ . jlxgL / d To;kl5
l;nu9L cfof}+ . b[li6lalxg ;fyL;+u e]6 eof] / km'nf}6 laBfnosf] hfgsf/L kfof}+
/ km'nf}6 laBfnodf egf{ eP . laBfnodf lzIfs / cGo laBfyL{ ;fyLsf] ;xof]udf
la:tf/} udglzntf / j|]nlnkL l;sL sIff–@ b]lv k9\g ;'? u/L xfn sIff–% df
kl9/x]sf] 5' .
d]/f] 3/df a'jf / efO{ dfq 5g . a'jf ;fdfGo ckfË
x'g'x'G5 . 3/sf] l:ylt bogLo 5 . dnfO{ labfdf 3/ hfg / cfpg cfly{s ?kn] sl7g
x'G5 . h;f] t;f] c?sf] ;xof]u lnP/ 3/ cfpg] hfg] u5'{ . d]/f O{R5f÷rfxgfx? lut
;+lut ufpg], jhfpg], s'rf] 8f]/L jf6\g], ;j};+u a;L ldn]/ ;xof]u ug]{ / w]/}
k9\g] /x]sf 5g .
dnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;j} ;fyL, lzIfs, a'jf, cfo eQm
v8sf / laBfno kl/jf/nfO{ wGojfb lbG5' .
b[li6lalxg 5fq jnjxfb'/ sf]6s]gL
sIff–%
>L ;fh]Gb|]Zj/ p=df=la= km'nf}6, 8f]6L
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
d:of}bf kf]Ng] <
gofF ;+lawfgsf] d:of}bfdf /fo ;'emfj ;+sngsf nflu cfof]hgf ul/Psf]
sfo{qmddf ;+lawfgsf] d:of}bf hnfpg vf]h]sf] cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] b'O{ hgfnfO{
lgoGq0fdf lnO{ s]xL 306fkl5 l/xf u/]sf] 5 .
;f]djf/
lbp;f] s/Lj @ jh] /fo ;'emfj ;+sng sfo{qmd eO/x]sf] :yn lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt
8f]6Lsf] k|f+u0fdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x?n] d:of}bf hnfpg] k|oTg u/]sf lyP
. ;f] qmddf k|x/L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf b'O{ sfo{stf{x? s[i0f jf]x/f / k|sfz
yfkfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] lyof] . pgLx?nfO{ /ftL * jh] l/xf ul/Psf] lhNnf
k|x/L sfof{no 8f]6Ldf k|x/L lg/LIfs jf]w/fh cf]emfn] hfgsf/L lbP .
o; cl3
;fpg ! ut] 8f]6Lsf] lbkfon ;]tL k|flalws lzIffnodf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] /fo ;'emfj
;+sng sfo{qmddf d:of}bf hnfpg vf]Hg] g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf ;b:o t]hjxfb'/
8'd|]n / ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/dsf >LrGb| >]i7nfO{ klg k|x/Ln] lgoGq0fdf
lnO{ ;fFem l/xf u/]sf] lyof] .
gofF ;+lawfgn] cfd hgtfsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt
ug{ g;Sg] eGb} b'O{ dfcf]jfbLx? ;+lawfg;efsf] la/f]wdf /x]sf 5g eg] ;+3Lo
;dfhjfbL kmf]/d nufotsf s]xL ;+lawfg;efleqsf bnx? kmf:6 6«ofsjf6 NofO{g nfu]sf]
;+lawfgsf] la?4df /x]sf 5g . pgLx?n] b]zJofkL ?kdf /fo ;'emfj ;+sngsf] sfddf
;d]t cj?4 kfg]{ sfd ul//x]sf 5g .
v]n ;dfrf/
u'dfof] g]kfnn] al/oftf
6\jfG6L–@) ljZjsk 5gf]6sf nflu ePsf] v]ndf ;a}eGbf v/fa k|bz{g
u/]sf] g]kfnn] xfn} cfOl;l;af6 kfPsf] 6\jfG6L–@ al/otf vf]l;g] ePsf] 5 .
cl3Nnf]
jif{ a+unfb]zdf hf/L ljZjsk df pTs[i6 k|bz{g u/]sf] g]kfnn] xfn} dfq al/otf df
k|j]z kfPsf] lyof] .
cfufdL
jif{ ef/tdf x'g] ljZjsk 6\jfG6L–@) df 5gf]6 x'g g;s]kl5 g]kfnsf] al/otf vf]l;g]
ePsf] xf] . cfo/Nof08 / :s6Nof08df hf/L cfOl;l; ljZj 6\jfG6L–@) 5gf}6 v]ndf
v]n]sf] ^ v]ndWo] $ g]kfnn] v]ndf xf/ a]xf]/]sf] lyof] . cd]l/sflj¿4 lht
xftkfb}{ pTs[i6 ;'¿cft u/]sf] g]kfn gfldlaof;Fu c+s af8]otf v]n]sf ;a} v]ndf
k/flht ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfn clxn] cfOl;l;sf] 6\jfG6L–@) al/otfdf
!% cf}+ :yfgdf 5 .
g]kfnL l6djf/] cg]sf}+ rrf{
6\jfG6L–@) 5gf}6df g]kfnsf] lkmtnf] k|bz{g ePkl5 g]kfnL 6f]nLn]
lkmtnf] k|bz{g u/]sf] eGb} Jofks ?kdf cfnf]rgf x'g yfn]sf] 5 . cfo/NofG8df
ePsf] v]ndf g]kfnsf] k|bz{gn] s'g} pknJwLd'ns ePg .
lht–xf/
v]nsf] Pp6f cleGg kf6f] xf] . t/ g]kfnn] cd]l/sf;Fu afx]s cGo s'g} klg v]ndf
lhTgsf nflu v]Ng] Ifdtf b]vfPg . h;L{ h:tf] gjk|j]zL l6d;Fu ;d]t xf/ Joxf]g'{
k¥of] . v]ndf g]kfnL v]nf8Lx?n] /fd|f];+u g t Jofl6ª u/]sf] b]lvof] g km]/L
jlnª . pgLx¿n] lj/n} ckm ;fO8df k|xf/ uy]{ . x/]s an afpG8«L xfGg'k5{ eGg]
dfgl;stf b]lvGYof] .
klxnf
Aofl6ª u/]/ g]kfnn] s'g} klg v]ndf ! ;o !) /g;Dd hf]8\g ;s]g . a? cfo/NofG8;Fu
g]kfn %# /gd} cncfp6 eof], h'g 6\jfG6L–@) cGt/fli6«o v]ns} bf];|f] Go"g
:sf]/ aGof] . 1fg]G› dNnn] cd]l/sf;Fu klxnf] v]ndf agfPsf] cw{zts k"/}
k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL Aofl6ªsf] Pp6fdfq x]g{ nfos emns lyof] . To;df clGtd v]ndf
l;4fGt nf]xgLsf s]xL z6n] cfzfsf] ;+s]t b]vfof] .
slG8;g
lx;fan] g]kfnsf nflu Tolt ;xh lyPg . ljz]ifu/L l;ldª ljs]6 / 3fF;] ljs]6df
g]kfnnfO{ clxn] klg v]Ng ufx|f] x'G5 . cem cfo/NofG8df klxnf Aofl6ª ug{ lgs}
sl7g dflgGYof] . g]kfnn] cd]l/sf;Fusf] v]n bf];|f]df Aofl6ª u/]/ lht]sf] lyof]
. cfo/NofG8, kk'jf Go'lugL, xªsª /
h;L{;Fusf] nuftf/ rf/ v]n g]kfnn] klxnf Aofl6ª ubf{ g} xf/]sf] lyof] . 6;
xf/]kl5 v]n g} xfl/G5 eGg] dfgl;stf g]kfnL v]nf8Lsf] b]lvGYof] .
cGo
l6dsf] k|bz{g x]bf{ slG8;gnfO{ dfq bf]if lbg] cfwf/ b]lv+b}g . !& jif]{
hf]G6L h]g]/n] g6cfp6 () /g agfpFbf h;L{n] klxnf Aofl6ª u/]/ gfldlaofh:tf]
l6d;Fu ! ;o ^! /g agfPsf] lyof] . bfa]bf/ dflgPsf] cfo/NofG8;Fu xªsªn] klxnf
Aofl6ª u/]/ v]n lht]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL Aof6\;Dofg eg] ljs]6df l6Sg} ;s]gg\ .
g]kfnL Aof6\;Dofg ckm :6Dk aflx/sf] an klg /f]s]/ v]Ny] . dfgf}+ y8{ Dofg uPsf]
Ps /g lgoddf dfGo 5}g . h;L{ h:tf] l6dn] g]kfnL Aof6\;DofgnfO{ s;/L Aof6
rnfpg'k5{ eg]/ l;sfO lbPsf] lyof] .
kk'jf Go'lugL / h;L{n] afpG8«L k|xf/ u/]sf]
Ps /gkl5 ! /g lnP/ :6«fOs /f]6]6 uy]{ . /fli6«o v]nf8L ;~hd /]UdLsf] egfO dfGg]
xf] eg] g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] Aof6 g} rnfpg la;]{sf lyP . …;a} Aof6\;Dofgsf] cfˆgf]
z}nL x'G5 . xfd|f] z}nL ld8ljs]6df Aof6 3'dfpg] dfq lyof] . s]xL jif{cl3 tNnf]
qmdsf Aof6\;Dofgn] Pslbj;Lo cGt/fli6«odf o:t} u/L cfFvf lrDd u/]/ Aof6 3'dfpFy] .
rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg
pt} x/fO{g /]vf yfkf
a}zfv !@ ut] cfPsf] dxfe'sDkjf6 kLl8tx?sf nflu /fxt ;+sng ug]{
eGb} lab]zlt/ xflgPsL cleg]t[ /]vf yfkf pt} x/fPsL 5g .
e'sDksf]
;dodf kz'klt cfo{3f6df k'u]/ s]xL d[tssf] zj hnfpg ;xof]u ul//x]sL cleg]t[ yfkf
To;kl5 PsfPs cd]l/sf xflgOg\ . /]vf cd]l/sf xflgg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f pgn] /fd]5fkdf
kSsL 3/ agfpg /fxt Nofpg' lyof] . /]vf cd]l/sf xflgPkl5 pgn] ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf]
/]vf yfkf kmfpG8]zg dxf;lrj ;lj/ >]i7n] rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . pgs} xftaf6 s]xL
lkmNdLsdL{ / s]xL kqsf/nfO{ /fxt klg ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
/fxt
;+sng u/L g]kfndf cfP/ /]vf yfkf kmfp08];gsf] tkm{jf6 lat/0f ul/g] elgPklg /]vf
clxn];Dd pt} cndlNnPkl5 pgsf] /fxt Nofpg] rrf{ ;]nfpg yfn]sf] 5 . s/Lj tLg
dlxgf laTbf ;d]t pgL g]kfn kmls{PsL 5}gg\ .
cd]l/sf
hfFbf /]vfn] e'sDkdf 3fO{t] ePsfx?sf] pkrf/sf nflu lrlsT;sx? / cf}ifwL ;d]t
Nofpg] jtfPsL lyO{g . t/ g t s'g} :jf:YosdL{ /]vfn] Nofpg ;s]sL 5g g s'g} g
s'g} c? k|sf/sf] /fxt g} pgn] g]kfn k7fO{g . pgL cfkm} klg g]kfn kms]{sL 5}gg\
. e'sDkkl5 s]xL c? snfsf/ cy{ ;+sngsf nflu ul/g] sfo{qmddf eGb} cd]l/sf xflgPsf
lyP . t/, /]vf cd]l/sf xflgg'sf] sf/0f 7\ofSs} v'n]sf] 5}g . cfˆgf] lkmNd /fdKof/Lsf]
5fof+sg klg ;fpg !% df ;f/]/ /]vf cd]l/sf xflgPsL lyOg\ .
/]vfn] cd]l/sf k'u]/ s'g} sfo{qmd u/]sf] jf
efu lnPsf] hfgsf/L cfPsf] 5}g . /]vf;Fu} cd]l/sfdf pgsf k|]dL eg]/ rrf{df cfPsf
;'bz{g uf}td klg ;fydf lyP . g]kfndf vf;} sfd gePkl5 /]vf cd]l/sf k'u]sf]
kl5Nnf ultljwLn] b]vfPsf] 5 . /]vf ;fpgsf] bf]>f] ;ftf g]kfn kms{g] rrf{ 5 .
t/, /]vf cd]l/sfaf6 cfPkl5 cfkm"n] af]n]sf] arg k'/f ul5{g\ of ulb{gg\
< Tof] eg] elaZon]g} b]vfpg] 5 .
j8f g++= ^ sf] 6«]n/ ;fj{hlgs
n lkmNdL vj/
snfsf/ lbks /fh lu/L / lbkf >L lg/f}nfsf] rnlrq Új8f g+ ^Ú sf]
lut / 6«]n/ l/lnh u/LPsf] 5 . /fhwfgLdf z'qmaf/ Ps sfo{qmd u/L aflnot ne :6f]/L
af]nsf] lut / 5f6f] 6«]n/ ;fj{hlgs u/LPsf] xf] .
laxfg
sl/a !) ah] ;'? ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf y'k|} snfsf/ b]lv ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] pkl:ylt
b]lvGYof] . snfsf/ lbks/fh lu/Ln] sfo{qmd /f]rs z}nLdf pb\3f]if ub}{ rnlrqdf
clego u/]sf snfsf/x?sf] kl/ro u/fPsf lyP . rnlrqdf d'Vo e'ldsfdf b]lvg] k|fo
snfsf/x? lgdf{tf /x]sf 5g\ . bofxf+u /fO{, lk|o+sf sfsL{ afx]ssf snfsf/x?sf]
nufgL /x]sf] atfO{Psf] lyof] . snfsf/x? lbks/fh lu/L, lbkf >L lg/f}nf, lht'
g]kfn, s]bf/ l3ld/] -dfUg]a'9f] 8ssd_, s'~hgf l3ld/], tf/frG› ahufO{, ;'dg
lu/Ln] nufgL u/]sf 5g\ .
rnlrqsf]
l/lnh lutdf lbks /fh lu/L / lk|o+sf sfsL{nfO{ b]Vg ;lsG5 . lutsf] ;'ud kf]v|]n
/ lk|tL sfj/sf] :j/ /x]sf] 5 . 6«]n/df xfF:o snfsf/x?sf] /dfO{nf]nfO{ k|:t't
u/LPsf] 5 . 5f]6f] 6«]n/ x]bf{ rnlrq lgs} xfF:ok|wfg /x]sf] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 .
rnlrqsf] 5f]6f] 6«]n/ ;fj{hlgs ub}{ snfsf/
lbks/fh lu/Ln] rnlrqn] bz{sx?nfO{ e/k'/ dgf]/~hg lbg] jtfP . lkmNd xn leq
a;]kl5sf] @ 306f !) ldg]6sf] ;dodf Psl5g klg g/dfO{nf] eGg] gx'g] / xfF;]sf]
xfF;]O{ eO{g] atfPsf lyP .
n]v
lzIff / ;+lawfg
k|eft ;'j]bL
lzIff dfgj ;EotfnfO{ cfhsf] lbg;Dd NofOk'¥ofpg] Pp6f ;zQm ;fwgsf]
?kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf lzIffnfO{ lzIffljb\x?n] Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf]
s;Lsf] ?kdf kl/eflift ub}{ o;nfO{ s'g} klg JolQmsf] Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxssf]
?kdf :yflkt u/]sf 5g\ . x'g klg xf], cfhsf] o'udf lzIff / lzlIft dflg; g}
;dfhdf ;xhtfk"j{s :yflkt x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . cj lg/If/ JolQmn] s'g}
klg xfntdf cfkm"nfO{ ;dfhdf ;dfof]hg u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] sNkgf;Dd klg gu/]
x'g] ePsf] 5 lsgsL cj dflg;sf] hLjg k|ljlwd}qL ePsf] 5 . /, oL k|ljlwx?nfO{
cfTd;ft u/L cfkm"nfO{ ;dfof]hg u/]/ cuf8L a9\gsf nflu lzIff ckl/xfo{
ag]sf] 5 .
xfd|f]
d'n'sdf lzIffsf] dfWod / t/LsfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] o;sf b'Ocf]6f xfFufx? k|i6
?kdf b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . Pp6} d'n'sf] lzIff k4ltdf o;/L b'Ocf]6f xfFufx? knfpg' /
knfpg lbg' g} xfd|f] lj8Dagf xf] . o;} sf/0fn] ubf{ klg cfhsf] lzIffdf
lbgfg'lbg r'gf}tLx? ylkFb} uPsf 5g\ . o;y{ lzIffdf /fHon] hlt nufgL u/]klg
afn'jfdf kfgL /fv]em}+ ePsf] 5 . /fHosf] k'gM ;+/rgfsf] s'/f pl7/xFbf cj
lzIffdf klg k'gM ;+/rgfsf] cfjfhx? cfpg' :jefljs xf] . t;y{ cj /fHon] lzIffsf] k'gM;+/rgfsf nflu ljz]if
of]hgf agfP/ cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf
klg of] s'/fnfO{ s]xL ;+s]t ul/g' ;sf/fTds s'/f xf] . t/ pRr:t/Lo cfof]un] s]
sf nflu s;/L sfd ug]{ xf] eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'g' klg h?/L 5 . cGoyf xfd|f] b]zsf] lzIff k|0ffnL
dfemL lagfsf] gfp gbLdf t}/LPsf] h:tf] x'G5, h;nfO sltv]/ 5fn cfP/ kN6fpg] xf]
eGg] 7]ufg g} x'Fb}g . o;sf/0f d'n'ssf] x/ If]qdf ;d[l4sf nflu lzIff If]qnfO{
;+j]bgzLn ?kdf x]/Lg' h?/L 5 . ljutsf lbgx?df g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfgdf
lzIffnfO{ df}lns xssf ?kdf cnUu} :yflkt u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g . lzIffnfO{ df}lns
xssf ?kdf /flvFbf g]kfn clw/fHosf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] efu # df pNn]v
ul/Psf] df}lns xs cGtu{t wf/f !& df lzIffnfO{ ;+:s[lt;Fu} hf]8]/ lzIff tyf
;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xssf ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h;df # cf]6f pkwf/fx? lgDdfg';f/
;d]l6Psf] 5M
!=
k|To]s g]kfnL ;'d'bfonfO{ sfg'gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf
cfwf/e"t lzIff lng kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
@=
k|To]s gufl/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg'gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd dfWolds tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
#=
g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt,
;fF:s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
pk/f]Qm
lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt;DaGwL pkwf/fx?df elgPadf]lhd jf:tjdf cem} klg dft[efiffsf]
lzIff ;'lglZrt x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf g]kfnsf] lzIff k|0ffnLdf /x]sf] 5 . x'gt
;dfj]zL lzIffsf] gLlt nfu" e};s]sf] cj:yf 5 tyfkL u}/ g]kfnL
efiffefifLx?n] g]kfnL efiffdf g} lzIff lng' kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] cj:yf Psflt/
/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ eg] o;/L lzIff afWosf/L e}lbbf afnaflnsfx?sf] ?rL 36\g
uO{ sIffsf]7fdf k'/f ;do gljtfpg], sIff 5f8\g] ;d:of dfq} geP/ k9\g g} 5f8\g]
h:tf ;d:ofx? b]vf kl//x]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ lzIffdf l6sfp b/nfO{ k|efj kf/]sf] 5
. sIff ! df egf{ ePsf afnaflnsfx?dWo] sIff !) ;Dd k'Ug] afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+Vof
lgs} Go"g x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . To:t} pkwf/f @ df elgPadf]lhd sfg'gdf
Joj:yf ePadf]lhd dfWolds tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns elgPklg cleefjssf gfddf cg]sg
efFptfx? nufpFb} ;fd'bflos ljBfnx?df k};f p7fpg] v]nf] eg] /fHon] /f]Sg g;s]sf]
cj:yf 5 . Psflt/ o;sf] afWotf ljBfnox?nfO{ ePsf] 5 g}, csf{]lt/ ljBfndf x'g] ljljw
vfn] vr{ / :yfgLo ;|f]tsf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu o;/L cfly{s
hf]xf] ug{' k/]sf] klg cj:yf 5 . ;/sf/n] ljBfnodf sDKo'6/ lbof] lah'nL lbPg,
lah'nL lbof] t/ To;sf] k|of]u u/]/ p7\g]
dxz'n ltg]{ ah]6 lbPg . ePsf] ljB'tsf] klg s]xL 7]ufg 5}g, k|of]uzfnffdf
k|of]ufTds sfo{sf nflu k'u]sf ljBfyL{x? aQL ‰ofKk hfFbf km]/L sIffsf]7flt/ g}
kmls{g' kg]{ cj:yf 5 . lah'nLsf] ljsNk g} 5}g . clg o; k|sf/sf ;d:ofx?sf]
Go"gtd ;dfwfgsf nflu ljBfnon] z'Nssf] :j?k abn]/ cleefjssf] ;xof]u eGb}
ljBfnodf lgMz'Ns lzIff 5, xfdLn] t s'g} klg z'Ns lnPsf 5}gf}+ eGg] ul/G5 .
pkwf/f # df eg] g]kfndf a:g] k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt,
;f+:s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug]{ xs x'g]5 eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
. oxfF cj /fHon] a'em\g' kg]{ s'/f s] xf] eg] s'g} klg ;Dk|bfosf] efiff,
;+:s[lt, rfnrng, l/tL l/jfh tyf df}lns k/Dk/fsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ToxL ;d'bfosf]
dfq lhDd]jf/L eg] kSs} x}g . o;sf] nflu /fHo lhDd]jf/ x'g] ls g'x'g] eGg] ;jfn
klg plQs} ulDe/ /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ o; s'/fdf cj aGg] ;+ljwfgdf /fHosf] bfloTjnfO{
:ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ul/g' cfjZos 5 .
cj s'/f
u/f}+ g]kfnsf] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfsf] . hgtfdf 5nkmnsf nflu NofOPsf]
d:of}bfsf] efu # df ;d]l6Psf df}lns xsx?df #@ cf]6f df}lns xsx? ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .
o; cl3 @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgdf hDdf !# cf]6f df}lns xsx? ;d]l6Psf]df cGtl/d
;+ljwfg @)^# df * cf]6f df}lns xsx? yk u/L @! cf]6f agfOPsf] lyof] . xfn k|:tfj
ul/Psf] d:of}bfsf] df}lns xs cGtu{t wf/f #^ df lzIff ;DaGwL xsnfO{ cnUu} :yflkt
ul/Psf] 5 . of] cToGt} :jfut of]Uo s'/f xf] . h; cGtu{t % cf]6f pkwf/fx?
;d]l6Psf] 5, h'g lgDgfg';/ /x]sf 5GfM–
!=
k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIffdf kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
@=
k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns lzIff tyf dfWolds
tx;Ddsf] lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
#=
ckfËtf ePsf / cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg gful/snfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns pRr lzIff
k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
$=
b[li6ljxLg JolQmnfO{ a|]nlnlk tyf alx/f / :j/ jf af]nfO ;DaGwL ckfËtf ePsf
JolQmnfO{ ;fÍ]lts efiffsf] dfWodaf6 sfg'g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5
.
%=
g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf dfWolds tx;Dd
lzIff k|fKt ug{ / sfg'g adf]lhd ljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug]{ xs
x'g]5 .
o;/L
lzIffnfO{ ;+:s[ltaf6 cnu ub}{ :yflkt ul/Psf] lzIff ;DaGwL xsdf pNn]v ul/Psf
kfFrcf]6f pkwf/fx?dWo] pkwf/f kfFrdf pNn]v ul/Padf]lhd z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Nn] /
;~rfng ug]{ ;d'bfonfO{ lbOg] xssf] cem} :ki6 ?kdf JofVof ul/g' h?/L b]lvG5 .
o;/L ;d'bfonfO{ lbOg] xssf] cem} :ki6 ?kdf JofVof ul/g' h?/L b]lvG5 . o;/L
;d'bonfO{ lbOg] clwsf/sf] lgodg ug{' h?/L 5 . jt{dfgs} /fhg}lts ;+/rgf / g]t[Tj
tyf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf ;d'bfonfO{ lbOg] o; k|sf/sf] lhDd]jf/L ;d'bfos}
nflu xfn h:t} bfFtdf 9'Ëf nfu] ;/x x'g]5 . ljutsf lbgx?df klg /fHon]
ljBfnox?nfO{ ;d'bfodf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ cleofg Nofof] . w]/} h;f] ljBfnox?n]
tTsfnLs :jfy{df k/]/ ;d'bfodf x:tfGt/0f u/] klg . t/ xfn cfP/ s]xL ljBfnox?sf]
cj:yf ;'l„Pklg lzIfs Joj:yfg nufot ljBfnosf] ef}lts, z}lIfs tyf cfly{s
Joj:yfkgsf] kf6f]df eg] o;n] ultn};Fu wSsf k|xf/ u/]sf] 5 .
t;y{ /fHo g} lzIff If]qdf cem} ulEe/ / pQ/bfoL
x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . ;+3Lotfsf] ;jfn pl7/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+3Lo /fHosf] lzIffsf]
;+/rgf jfWosf/L x'g' x'Fb}g . cj :yfgLo cfjZostf / jt{dfgsf] vfFrf]nfO{ b[li6ut
u/L lzIffsf P]g lgodfjnLx?df kl/jt{g tyf kl/dfh{g ul/g' h?/L ePsf] 5 . lzIffdf
cfd afnaflnsfx?sf] ?rL :jefljs ?kdf a[l4 x'g] u/L ;+/rgf agfpg' h?/L e};sf] 5 .
cjsf] gofF ;+ljwfgdf o; ljifox?sf] ;'lglZrttf xf];\ . ;femf ;jfn
cgnfO{gnfO{
df]km;n kqsfl/tf
kqsfl/tfdf k/LIffsf] Joj:yf
ul/g' k5{
dlgif b'jf8L
-;dfrf/ k|d'v_
s]jn 6]lnlehg lbAobz{g
6]lnlehg, wflbª
tkfO+{sf] k'/f kl/ro kfpF g <
— d]/f]
gfd dlgif b'jf8L xf] . wflbª lhNnf gLns07 gu/kflnsf–* df 3/ 5 . clxn] wflbªsf
lhNnfaf6 ;Grflnt s]jn 6]lnlehg lbAobz{g 6]lnlehgsf] ;dfrf/k|d'v tyf
sf7df08f}+sf] cGgk'0f{ kf]i6 / ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehgsf] nflu wflbª k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf
sfo{/t 5' .
tkfO{n]
lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf /f]Hg' eof] <
— lsg
nfu] eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm g} lbg ;lSbFg d . cfk}mnfO yfxf gkfO{ kqsfl/tf If]qdf
k'u]5' . clxn] o;}df /; k:of] / oxL If]qdf lqmoflzn 5' .
slt ;do
eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] <
— @)^@
;fndf P;Pn;L lbP/ a;]sf] ;dodf wflbªdf /]l8of] vf]Ng] qmd ;'? eof] . ;'?df nx}nx}df / km';{bsf] ;do ljtfpg
/]l8of] cfphfp ug]{ u/]sf] @)^$ ;fnb]lv lgoldt ?kdf sfd ug{ yfn] . clxn] jif{
g} ug]/ eGg'kbf{ * jif{ eof] .
s:tf]
vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5 <
—
;fdflhs ljs[lt / lj;ªultnfO{ kqsfl/tfn] g} ;'wfg{ ;Sg'k5{ eGg] nfU5 To;}n]
;fdflhs kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfp5' t/ df]km;ndf a;]kl5 s'g} Pp6f If]qdf dfq eg]/
x'Fbf] /x]g5 . /fhgLlt, cfly{s, v]n, ck/fw ;j} If]qdf snd rnfpg' kbf]{ /x]5 .
kqsfl/tfdf
t w]/} ;d:ofx? 5g eG5g lg, s:tf vfnsf ;d:ofx? kfpg' eof] <
—
wflbªdf d eGbf w]/} l;lgo/ kqsf/x? x'g'x'G5, pxfFx?n] kqsfl/tfdf o:tf–o:tf
;d:of 5g eg]sf] ;'Gbf;'Gb} d of] If]qdf lqmoflzn 5' t/ klg cfkm'n] ef]u]sf
;d:of eGg'kbf{ cfly{s kf6f] / lbuf]kgfsf] ;d:of 5 . ;dodf tnj lbg ;Sb}g ldl8of
;Grfnsx? . h:n] ubf{ nfdf] ;do;Dd oxL If]qdf l6ls/xg] hgzlQmx? sd xF'b} uPsf 5g
.
df]km;ndf
sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf t of] eGbf klg a9L ;d:ofx? 5g eGg] ul/G5 lg Û
— cjZo
g} xf] . s]Gb|df a;]/ kqsfl/tf ug'{ / df]km;ndf a;]/ kqsfl/tf ug{' aLr s'g}
t'ngf g} x'g ;Sb}g . df]km;ndf x/]s s'/fsf] ;d:of x'G5 ef}uf]lns sl7gtf b]lv
ljifoa:t'sf] 1fg;Ddn] df]km;nsf] kqsfl/tfnfO{ c;xh agfPsf] x'G5 . ;j} If]qsf
;dfrf/ n]Vg'kg]{ x'G5 . lhNnfaf6 Pp6f ;dfrf/ n]v]/ k7fof] slxn]sfFxL s]Gb|n]
;Dkfbg ug]{ gfpFdf ;dfrf/sf] ;f/ g} kl/jt{g x'g]u/L ul/ ;Dkfbg ul/lbFbf b'Mv
kfPsf] / cfnf]rgf ;xg' k/]sf y'k}| pbfx/0fx? 5g .
df]km;n}
ePklg /fhwfgLsf] glhssf] lhNnf wflbËjf6 kqsfl/tf ub}{ x'g'x'G5, sdfO{ t /fd|}
xf]nf lg <
— of]
k|Zg rfFlx cln 3'dfp/f] nfUof] . /fhwfgL glhs x'Fb}df ;]jf;'ljwf / tnj w]/} x'G5 eGg] xf]Og . 8f]6Laf6 ;dfrf/ n]Vg]
/ wflbªaf6 ;dfrf/ n]Vg]sf] tnj km/s x'G5 xf]nf h:tf] nfUb}g . sdfOsf] s'/f
ug'{kbf{, 3/ 5f]8]/ ;b/d'sfddf sf]7f ef8fdf lnP/ a;]sf] 5' . vfg a:g' /
df]6/;fOsndf t]n xfNgsf] nflu 3/df afafddL;+u dfUg k/]sf] 5}g .
df]km;n
kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{
<
— ;/sf/n]
s]xL u/]/ df]km;nsf kqsf/x?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgx? ;Dej x'G5 h:tf] nfUb}g . kqsfl/tf
If]qdf klg ljleGg;+u ;+u7gx? 5g, dxf;+3 5 ltgLx?n] g} /fhwfgL / df]km;nsf
kqsf/x?ljr e]befj ug'{ x'Fb}g . Ifdtf clea[l4 b]lv ljb]zsf ;Grf/;Dj4
;+3;:yfx?df OG6g{;Lkx?df hfFbf df]km;nsf kqsf/x?nfO{ nflu klg ;dfg cj;/sf]
Aoj:yf ug{ ;Sg' kb{5 . / a]nf a]nfdf s]Gb|n] df]km;nsf kqsf/x?sf] ;d:of s] 5
;dfwfgsf nflu s] ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ cGt/lqmofx? ug'{ h?/L 5 .
tkfO{
cfkm} klg g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 wflbË zfvfsf] ;x;lrj x'g' x'G5, g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3n] df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfuL slQsf] e'ldsf v]n]sf]
kfpg' ePsf] 5 <
—
lhNnfsf] Pp6f zfvfn] dfq} s]xL ug{ vf]h]/ s]xL x'Fbf] /x]g5 . x'g t s'g zfvfn]
df]km;nsf] kqsf/x?sf] nflu s] u/]sf] 5 eg]/ d'Nofª\sg t Pslbg x'G5 g} xf]nf t/
kqsf/ dxf;+3 lhNnf zfvf wflbªdf cfj4 ePsf] 8]9 jif{ cjlwdf df]km;nsf] nflu eg]/
kqsf/ dxf;+3 s]Gb|n] s]xL u/]sf] h:tf] nfu]sf] 5}g . vfnL r'gfjsf] a]nfdf
df]km;nsf] gfd dfq} cfpg] xf] .
tkfOsf]
ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <
—
kqsfl/tf eg]sf] bLgb'MvL, ul/j, c;fxfo sf] ;xof]uL / cGofo cTofrf/ lj?4 cfjfh
p7fpg] Pp6f dfWood xf] . hgtf / ;/sf/sf] aLrdf a;]/ ;dGjosf/L e'ldsf lgjf{x ul/
;dfh kl/jt{g u/fpg' g} o;sf] wd{ xf] h:tf] nfU5 .
g]kfnsf]
kqsfl/tf If]q lbgk|ltlbg ab\gfldt x'Fb} uPsf] 5, kf7s ju{n] ;dfrf/sf]
laZjf;gLotfk|lt k|Zg p7fpg yfn]sf 5g, o:tf] lsg eO{/x]sf] xf]nf <
— of]
If]qdf cfpg] AolQmx?df /x]sf] 1fg, ;Lk / Ifdtfsf] sdL g} ;+rf/ If]q abgfd
aGg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f xf] h:tf] nfU5 . Aofkf/ Aoj;fo, s[lif, a}b]lzs /f]huf/ ;j}
If]qdf c;kmn ePkl5 Pp6f ;fKtflxs cyjf dfl;s klqsf lgsfn]/ kqsf/ x'F eGb} lx8\g
kfpg] k|j[lQ hj;Dd cGTo x'Fb}g kqsfl/tf If]q ;'wf/sf] nflu s]xL u/]klg ;kmn
x'G5 h:tf] nfUb}g .
o;df
;'wf/sf nflu s] ug{' k5{ h:tf] nfU5 <
—
kqsfl/tf If]qdf k|j]z ug{ klg lzIfs aGgsf] nflu nfO;]G; lnPsf] h:t} lglZrt
k/LIff lbg'kg]{ Aoj:yf ug'{k5{ . t/ ;+3;:yfdf sfd ug{sf] nflu s'g} lglZrt
of]Uotf rflxP h:t} of]Uotf gk'u]sf / c;Ifdx?nfO of] If]qdf k|j]z ug{ lbg'x'Fb}g
. x'g t d k/LIff lbg' k/]sf] v08df cof]Uo x'g ;S5' xf]nf t/ ;j}nfO ;lhn} of] If]qdf
cfpg kfpg] 5'6 x'Gh]n;Dd hlt;'s} ;'wf/sf s'/f u/]klg Aoy{ x'G5 h:tf] nfU5 .
yf]/}
k|;+u df]8f}+, gofF ;+lawfgsf] d:of}bfdf /fo ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ eO{/x]sf]
5, Ps ;~rf/sdL{sf x}l;otn] o; d:of}bfnfO{ tkfO{n] s;/L d'NofFsg ug'{ ePsf] 5
<
— af:tjd}
eGg] xf] eg] clxn] d:of}bf lnP/ ;'emfj ;+sngsf nflu ;efifbx? ufpF ufpF lx8]klg
of] cGt/jftf{ lbPsf] a]nf;Dd d;+u d:of}bf xft k/]sf] 5}g . t/ klg ;dfrf/x?df
cfPsf] / d}n] a'em] cg';f/ ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf k'0f{ 5 h:tf] nfUb}g . ;+3Lotfdf
k|b]zsf] gfdfª\sg / l;dfª\sg ljgf ;+ljwfg hf/L u/]klg kl5 To;n] ljjfb gNofpnf
eGg ;lsGg . ;'g] cg';f/ t ;+ljwfgdf ;'emfj lbg] s'/f t w]/} 5g . kqsf/x? klg
;+ljwfgn] kqsfl/tfnfO{ cªs'z nufof] eGb}5g . a]lylt / cGofo ug]{ hf] ;'s}sf]
;dfrf/ n]Vg kfpg] :jtGqtf kqsf/nfO x'g'k5{ . clg csf]{ s'/f g]kfnL hgtfn]
b]zsf] sfo{sf/L AolQmTj rfx] /fi6«klt xf]; rfx] k|wfgdGqL xf]; cfkm}n] ef]6
xfn]/ r'Gg kfpg'kg]{ Aoj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
df]km;n
kqsfl/tf If]qdf ;'wf/sf nflu tkfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ s] ;'emfj lbg rfxfg'x'G5
<
—
;/sf/n] klg df]km;n / s]Gb| eg]/ kqsf/x?nfO auL{s/0f gu/f]; . k'/:sf/ / dfgkbjL
lbFbf klg cf/If0f sf]6f h:tf] df]km;nsf nflu eg]/ 5'§} /flvPsf] x'G5 . s]Gb|sf]
kqsf/n] kfpg] ToxL k'/:sf/ kfpg df]km;nsf] kqsf/ of]Uo x'G5g eGg] a'em\g'k5{ .
;+rf/ ;+:yfx?nfO{ klg /fhwfgL / df]km;n eg]/ e]befjbsf] gLlt /flvg' xF'b}g .
cGTodf
eGg] kg]{ s'g} s'/f 5'6] h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 ls <
— ;'?df
t s] pQ/ lbg] xf]nf h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] olt w]/} s'/f elg;s]5' . 8f]6Lsf]
klqsfn] wflbªsf] Pp6f kqsf/sf] dgsf s'/fx? AoQm ug{sf] nflu h'g 7fpF lbof]
To;sf nflu laDa ;fKtflxs / o;sf] ;Dk"0f{ l6dx?nfO{ cfef/ AoQm ub{5' .
;do /
larf/sf nfuL wGoafb .
—
wGojfb tkfOx?nfO klg dnfO of] cj;/ lbg'ePsf]df .
nf]s;]jfsf] tof/Lsf nflu pkof]uL
!= ;g\ @)!% h'g !! b]lv h'nfO{ $ ;Dd lrnLdf ;DkGg sf]kf cd]l/sf
km'6an–@)!% sf] pkflw s;n] lhTof] <
— lrnL
@=
/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3åf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] @)&! ;+3 pTs[i6 ;xsf/L Joj;fo
k'/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt x'g] ;+:yf s'g xf] <
—
nlntk'/sf] k'Nrf]sl:yt nfnLu'/fF; ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf
#=
g]kfn cGt/fli6«o 6L–6\jfG6L lqms]6sf] ljZj jl/otf qmddf klxnf]k6s slxn] k|j]z
u¥of] < — ;g\
@)!% h'nfO{
$= …czn
ldqn] ;d:ofdf ;fy lbG5Gf\, czn >LdtLn] ul/jLdf ;fy lblG5Gf, czn ;Gtfgn]
a'9];sfndf ;fy lbG5g\Ú eGg] ljrf/s sf] x'g < —rf0fSo
%=
g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] lj=;+= @)&@ c;f/ !* df /fhwfgLsf] sdnfbLl:yt
k|1f k|lti7fgdf ;DkGg ljz]if ;fwf/0f;efn] cWoIf kbdf s;nfO{ rog u¥of] <
—
kz'klt d'/f/sf
^=>d
tyf /f]huf/ dGqfnon] @)&@ c;f/ @! b]lv slt d'n'sdf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg]
sfdbf/sf nflu lk|m le;f / lk|m l6s6sf] lgod nfu" ug]{ ePsf] 5 < —&
&=
ckmuflg:tfgsf] Oltxf;df klxnf]k6s ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzdf dgf]gog x'g]
dlxnf sf] x'g\ < —clg;f
/;fpnL
*=
/fli6«klt ;jf{]Ts[i6 s[ifs k'/:sf/ -/flzM? @ nfv_ af6 ;Ddflgt x'g] s[ifs sf]
x'g < — sfn'
xdfn
(=
g]kfnd} klxnf]k6s s[ifs kl/rokq ljt/0f s'g lhNnfaf6 ;'? ul/Psf] 5 <
—
afun'ª
!)=
aLkL /fhdfu{ cyf{t\ a]g]kf–l;Gw'nL–alb{af; ;8s s'g b]zsf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f
ePsf] xf] < —hfkfg
!!= Jof;L hfltsf] d'Vo a;f]af; bfr{'nfdf
/x]sf] 5 eg] d'ufnL hfltsf] d'Vo a;f]jf; sxfF /x]sf] 5 < —d'u'
!@=
Go'of]s{ x8\;g gbLsf] lsgf/df cjl:yt 5 eg] gofF lbNnL s'g gbLsf] lsgf/df cjl:yt
5 < —od'gf
!#=
k|To]s jif{ /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg x'g] b]z s'g xf] < —l:jh/NofG8
!$= clk|msfsf]
klZrd t6Lo If]qdf axg] jfo'nfO{ s] egL lrlrG5 <
-
6gf{8f]
!%=
ljZj v]ns'b Oltxf;df ;j{k|yd sfnf] sf8{ slxn] lbO{Psf] lyof] <
—;g\
@)!@ df nG8gdf ;DkGg #) cf}F u|LidsfnLg cf]nlDksdf
!^=
j}b]lzs C0f -a]n cfp6 Kofs]h_ lng] ls glng] eGg] ;DaGwdf ;g\ @)!% h'nfO{ % df
u|L;df ;DkGg hgdt ;+u|xdf C0f lng' x'Fb}g eGg] kIfdf slt k|ltzt dt k|fKt ePsf]
5 <
—^)
k|ltzt
!&=
g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lhNnf 8f]Nkf xf] eg] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] lhNnf s'g xf]
<
—
eQmk'/
!*=
ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] e"kl/j]li7t /fi6« s'g xf] <
—
sfhv:tfg
!(=
g]kfndf lrofv]tLsf] ;'?jft slxn] ePsf] xf] <
—
lj=;+= !(@)
@)=
dNnsfnLg /fhf k|tfkdNnsf] kfnfsf] !% efiffdf lnlvt lznfn]v sxfF /x]sf] 5
—
xg'dfg9f]sf
@!= ((
rf]ssf] b/jf/ egL g]kfnsf] s'g b/af/nfO{ lrlgG5 <
—
eQmk'/ b/jf/
@@=
g]kfnsf] klxnf] sf/fuf/ s]GbLo sf/fuf/ slxn] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] <
—
lj=;+= !(%! -jL/ ;dz]/sf] kfnfdf_
@#=
5fnfsf] d'›f k|rngdf Nofpg] dNn /fhf sf] x'g\ <
—
l;4Lg/l;+x dNn
@$=
h]ndf @) jif{ gfds k':tssf n]vssf] x'g\ <
—
v8\udfg l;+x
@%=
d'l:ndx?n] lbgdf sltk6s gdfh u5{g\ <
— % k6s
@^=
g]kfndf Hofk' lbj; slxn] dgfOG5 <
—
of]d/L k'GxLsf lbg
;|f]t ;+sns M /fd
lai6
;flxTo÷;[hgf
cfpF5 hfG5 lk8f ykL hfG5
a]bgf
5f]8L ;f/f v'zL nfG5
o:t} 5
of] t'R5 kfkL ;do
g
klv{G5 g eg]sf]g} dfG5
x'/L
clg jtf;n] p8fof] stf stf
axlsg]
of] dg 5fof] stf stf
chDd/L
d]/f] rf]vf] lk|t egL
gh/sf]
lgzfgfn] lk/tL nfof] stf stf
a]bgfsf]
x'/L atf; rNbf /f]Psf] 5'
ef}lts
z/L/ cfFz'n] uNbf /f]Psf] 5'
5tf5'Nn
etfe+u e'O{rfnf] uPkl5
cf:yfsf
w/f]x/ xfd|f 9Nbf /f]Psf] 5' .
u0f]z …c>'wf/fÚ
jf/kf6f–( 8f]6L
gf/Lk|lt
gf/L
Hof]lt ltdL piff–;db[zL k"jL{o cfsfzsL
kfË|f
Ps ltdL ;dfh–/ysL, ;|i6f :jo+ ;[li6sL .
a08f
nfU5 ;dfhaf6 clxn] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTjsf]
gf/L
nDs cufl8 w}o{ a6'nL, pT;fx ;j{Zj xf] .
x'Ìf}
JofKt oyfy{df hutdf, gf/L ltdL cflv/
e'N5\Øf}
dfq ltdL ;w}}}+ lsg l9sL, hfFFtf], kw]F/f]lt/ <
xf],
o:t} ;'s'df/ efif0f oxfF kfOG5 l;4fGtdf
cs}{
5g\ Jojxf/sf lgod v} Û emg\ leÌ 5g\ rfxgf .
5g\
>[Ëf/, bof, Ifdf, k|0fosf kvf{n rf/}lt/
aGbL
5f} lsg af]lNbgf}}} < ca To;} v'Nb}g aGbLu[x .
cGwL
5f} s'g cy{df, lsg < b'j} cfFvf v'nf b]V5' d
cfkF}mdf
c;dy{tf lsg cxf] Û emNsG5 ;jf{Ëdf .
P]gfleq
;hfOg] k'tnLe}Fm 5}gf} ltdL ;'Gb/L
clNemG5\Øf}
lsg ‰ofndf ca To;} < x}gf} ltdL pj{zL
.
gf/L Û
Tofu l56f] u/]/ e|dsf] Tof] k'ikz}of ltdL
cfpm Û
cf]n{ oyfy{df a9 l56} nfdf] 5 ofqf egL .
dfG5]
xf] Û eg 5fltsf] /; ;a} ;f];]/ s] s] lhof} Û
s:tf]
Kof/ / dft[:g]x lbgx'F kfP/ Toqf eof} <
cfdfsf]
clg b]zsf], hutsf] ;Ddfg v} s] u¥of} <
xFfS5f} xfFSg t ljZj g}, ;an 5f}} ;fFrf]
s'/f s] k9\Øf} <
k|ef e§/fO{
-cfrfo{_, ;l/t ;+udjf6
kl/eflift hLag
bLg b'MvLsf] dgdf ltdL ulxl/P/ t x]/
hLjgsf]
;f/ ltdL oxfF e]65f}+
c;+Vo
lk8fx? dfly em'NnL /x]sf
clg
sd{7 kf}/vL ag]/ kl/>d ul//x]sf
ef]u
ltvf{ e'n]/ d'vdf dGb d':sfg 5/]/ xfFl;/x]sf
hLjgdf
:jl0f{d cfgGb lnO{/x]sf
lt
b'MvLsf] hLjg lhP/ t x]/
RofltPsf]
d'6' l;P/ t x]/
clg
kfpF5f} cfgGbsf] cg'e'lt
clg
l;S5f} hLjgsf] kl/efiff
b'Mvg}
b'Mvsf] ;fu/ xf]O{g lhGbuL
k|s[ltsf]
;'Gb/ pkxf/ xf]
;'gf}nf
If0fx?n] lae'lift xfd|f] lhGbuL
s8f
kl/>dsf] pkh xf]
sxLn]
psfnL cf]/fnL wfpFb} 6Kk 6Kk lgwf/af6
kl;gf
r'lxb} ;':s]/f xfNb} nlDs /x]5 lhGbuL
e'ag hf]zL
-cg'/fu_
l;nu9L 8f]6L