d'Vo
;dfrf/
hg;Qf
Ao"Ftfpb} laKnj dfcf]jfbL
zflGt k|lqmof;+u}
la36g ePsf] dfcf]jfbL hg;QfnfO{ laKnj g]t[Tjsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] Ao"Ftfpg
yfn]sf] 5 . hg kl/ifb\ gfdn] laKnj dfcf]jfbLn] lhNnfdf ;dfgfGt/ ;/sf/ u7g
u/]sf] xf] .
åGåsfnsf] emNsf] lbg] u/L
laKnj dfcf]jfbLn] lhNnfdf hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff sfo{qmdnfO{ lta|tf lbPsf] 5 . laKnj
dfcf]jfbLn] ;'b"/–klZrdsf 8f]6L, c5fd, aemfª, 88]Nw'/f lhNnfdf ;dfgfGt/
hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
o'4sfnsf] emNsf] cfpg] u/L
;fdfgf kl/jf/sf snfsf/sf] l6dn] qmflGtsf/L lutx? k|:t't ub}{ wdfwd hg;sf/
3f]if0ff x'Fb}5 . o'4sfn h:t} ;fdfgfGt/ ;/sf/ rnfpg] tof/Lsf ;fy laKnj
dfcf]jfbLn] hgkl/ifb\ 3f]if0ff ul//x]sf] 5 .
cfO{taf/ lhNnf ;b/–d'sfd
r}gk'/sf] v'nfd~rdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf g]skf dfcf]jfbL laKnj ;d"xsf
kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf ;]tL dxfsfnL OGrfh{ cf]dk|sfz k'gn] hg;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf
x'g\ .
aemfªdf rG›axfb'/ l;+xsf]
;+of]hsTjdf /x]sf] !& ;b:oLo lhNnf hgkl/ifb\sf] 3f]if0ff ub}{ kf]ln6Ao'/f]
;b:o cf]dk|sfz k'gn] ;/sf/ / ;+;bjfbL bnx? g;lRrPdf o;} kl/ifbn] lhNnfdf
;dfgfGt/ ;/sf/ rnfpg] atfP .
uPsf] d+uaf/ 8f]6Ldf klg
;''/]Gb| b]pjf …ch'{gÚ sf] g]t[Tjdf @@ ;b:oLo hgkl/ifb\ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
8f]6Lsf] a5}{g ufla;sf] lalkgu/df Ps lazfn cfd;efsf lar g]tf k'gn] g} hg;/sf/
3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyP .
hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff sfo{qmdnfO{
;Daf]wg ub}{ g]tf k'gn] eg] æg]kfndf dfcf]jfbL lagfsf] ;Qf, ;/sf/ / ;]gf s'g}
klg xfntdf xfdLnfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] 5}gÚ k'gn] eg] …ca &% j6} lhNnfdf
hg;/sf/x? k'glh{ljt x'g]5g\ . hgtfsf] Gofo / ;]jfsf] sfd hg;/sf/n] ug]{5 .Ú
g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] p7fg u/]sf
/fhgLlts d'4fx?sf] a]jf:tf ub}{ ;/sf/ / k|d'v bnx? cl3 a9]df l5§} hgcbfnt /
hg;]gf ;d]t u7g ug]{ k'gn] hfgsf/L lbP . Plss[t dfcf]jfbLn] tTsfnLg hgo'4sf]
Ph]G8fnfO{ la;]{/ hgtfnfO{ wf]sf lbPklg cfkm"x? hgtfsf] ;fydf /x]sf] /
hgjfbL ;Qfsf] nfuL alnbfg ug{ tof/ /x]sf] atfpFb} sfo{qmdsf jQmfx?n] hgtfsf]
;fy vf]Hg ;8sdf cfPsf] atfPsf lyP . lalkgu/df ePsf] sfo{qmddf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
/fdk|;fb ltldN;]gf, lhNnf O{~rfh{ laj]s s'dfn nufotsf g]tfx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof]
.
aemfª cfOtaf/ ug]{
sfo{qmdaf/]df Ps xKtf cl3b]lv g} :yfgLo /]l8of]x?af6 k|rf/k|;f/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;j{;fwf/0f / ljKnj dfcf]jfbLsf ;dy{sx?sf] afSnf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] ePklg
;'/Iff sdL{x?sf] cf}krfl/s pkl:ylt lyPg . laKnj dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf tyf
sfo{stf{x?n] hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ffsf] sfo{qmdaf/] ;fdflhs ;~hfndf ;d]t k|rf/
ug]{ u/]sf 5g . dfcf]jfbL z;:q åGåsf
qmddf ;fdfgfGt/ ;/sf/ ;d]t u7g u/]sf] lyof] .
;DkfbsLo
d]/f]
uf]?sf] af¥x} 6fFsf
b]z hln/x]sf]
kfFr dlxgf laTg yfNof] t/ ;dfwfgsf] s'g} ;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5}g . ;Qf kIf, k|ltkIf
/ cfGbf]ng/t kIfx? cf–cfkm\g} 8Dkm' jhfO{/x]sf 5g . Psn] csf]{nfO{ ufnL ug'{ /
csf{sf] s'/f d'gL kfg'{ jfx]s c? pgLx?;+u sfd g} 5}g h:tf] nfUb}5 . d]/f] s'/f
dfq} ;xL xf] eGg] dfgl;stfjf6 u|l;t g]kfnL /fhgLltsdL{x?sf] clxn]sf] n8fO{
JolQmut / bnut :jfy{sf] n8fO{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
gofF ;+lawfg hf/L x'Fbfsf
To;df s]xL sdLsdhf]/L /x]sf] s'/f kSs} xf] t/ Tof] g t dw]zjfbL bnx?n] eg]
h:tf] k|ltufdL jf Psflwsf/jfbL ;+lawfg xf] g b]zsf 7'nf elgPsf bnx?n] eg] h:tf]
pTs[i7 ;+lawfg xf] . dw]zL hgtfsf] gfddf pT>[+vn ultlalwx? ul//x]sf
JolQmx?;+u dw]zL hgtfsf] klg ;fy 5, of] s'/f n's]sf] 5}g . lo hgtfdf clxn] klg
gofF ;+lawfgsf cGt/a:t'x?sf] jf/]df 1fg 5}g . Tof] 1fg lbg g;Sg' ;/sf/ / 7'nf
elgPsf jf of] ;+lawfgsf] kIfdf /x]sf bnx?sf] sdhf]/L xf] .
clxn] l9nf]u/L ;Qf?9 Pdfn]n]
Údw]; hfu/0f cleofgÚ ;'? ug{ nfu]sf] 5 . To; cleofgn] dw]zsf hgtfdf ;+ljwfg
af/] r]tgf hufpg] cfzf Pdfn]n] /fv]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . dw];L df]rf{n] pQm
cleofgsf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ sbd rfNg' a'l4dfgL x'GYof] . g]tfx¿;Fu ToxL
sfo{qmddf ;jfnhjfkm ug{ klg ;lsGYof], klxnf t/fO{sf] df6f] g6]Sg] g]tfx¿nfO{
k|Zg ug{ ufx|f] lyPg . To;f] gu/L df]rf{n] 3/]n' xltof/;lxt sfo{qmd layfNg]
of]hgf agfpg' / o'jf ;+3sf sfo{stf{ r9]sf] uf8L hnfpg];Ddsf] k|of; ug{'
Úlgif]wsf] /fhgLltÚnfO{ a9fjf lbg' xf] . To;}u/L, o'jf ;+3n] klg j:t'l:ylt
ga'emL sfo{qmd to ug{' Úhf]/L vf]Hg'Ú xf] . o:tf] kl/l:yltsf] e'Qmef]uL aGb}
cfPsf] lhNnf k|zf;gn] sfo{qmd cfof]hgfsf] :jLs[lt lbg' csf]{ 7"nf]
e"n xf] . o;sf/0f klg df]/Ësf]
/+u]nL 36gfsf] ;TotYo kQf nufP/ bf]ifLdfly sf/afxL cl3 a9fpg' cfjZos 5 .
cfGbf]ng/t kIfx?;+u ;xdlt
geOsg} gofF ;+lawfgdf klxnf] ;+;f]wg ul/of] . of] ;+;f]wgn] g]kfnL sf+u|];
cfkm}n] hf/L u/]sf] ;+lawfgdf p;}n] /fv]sf] km/s dt t ;Djf]bg u¥of] t/ h;sf
sf/0f kfFr dlxgfb]lv b]z 7Kk 5, hgtf cfqmfGt 5g Tof] dfusf] jf/]df o;n]
…r'O{SsÚ ;Dd klg ug{ ;s]g . ;+;f]wgn] hf/L cfGbf]ng g/f]lsg] df]rf{sf zLif{
g]tfx¿n] k|ltlqmof lbO;s]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg ;+;f]wg t/fO{–dw]zdf cfGbf]ng/t
df]rf{nfO{ /fhgLltsf] d"nwf/df Nofpg / cfGbf]ng cGTosf lglDt rflxPsf] xf]
. t/, df]rf{;Fu Ps k6s ;Nnfx klg gu/L ;+ljwfg ;+;f]wg ug{'sf] s'g} cy{ b]lvFb}g
. o;df 7"nf bn ;r]t gx'Fbf cfGbf]ngn] cjt/0fsf] df}sf kfPg .
gofF ;+ljwfgn]
cfkm" / cfˆgf] If]qsf hgtfsf] clwsf/ vf];]sf], /fHo ;+oGqdf ;xefuL
gu/fOPsf] / cfkm"x¿nfO{ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/s agfpg vf]h]sf] cf/f]k
t/fO{–dw];df cfGbf]ng/t df]rf{x¿n] nufpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;fy}, ;Ldf+sg / lgjf{rg
If]qaf/] klg pgLx¿sf] c;xdlt /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . log} ljifonfO{ cufl8 /fVb} %
dlxgfeGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv pQm ;dy/ If]q cfGbf]lnt 5 . ;f]xL cfGbf]ngdf Hofg
u'dfpg]sf] ;+Vof % bh{g k'Ug nflu;s]sf] 5 . gldn]sf s'/f jftf{af6 lsgf/f nufpg
egL b'j} kIfaLr b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L k6s s'/fsfgL klg eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ klg ;+s6
Ho"Fsf To"F 5 . ljleGg k|sf/sf cfGtl/s tyf afXo xf/u'xf/n] klg s'g}
glthf lbg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . t'ngfTds ¿kdf cfGbf]ngsf/L pQ]lht cj:yfdf /xg' /
ltgsf] cfjfh rsf]{ x'g'nfO{ :jfefljs dfGg ;lsPnf, t/ ;/sf/ ;+oldt gx'g] xf] eg] cj:yf emg} ljs/fn
aGg ;S5 .
sf+u|];df
clwj]zgsf] r6f/f]
t]¥xf}+ dxflwj]zg
glhlsb} hfFbf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf :yfgLo ;+u7gx?df clwj]zgsf] r6f/f] nfu]sf] 5 .
kmfu'g @) b]lv @# ;DDd
sf7df08f}+df ;DkGg x'g] dxflwj]zg cufj} :yfgLo txsf ;ldltx?sf clwj]zg ;DkGg u/L
dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwx? ;d]t 5gf}6 ul/;Sg' kg]{ Joj:yf cg';f/ 8f]6Lsf %) j6} ufla;
/ gu/kflnsfsf !$ j6} j8fx?df oxL df3 !% ut] clwj]zg x'g] ePsf] g]kfnL sf+u|];
8f]6Lsf sfo{jxfs ;efklt /fdk|;fb pkfWofon] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf cg';f/ lbkfon
l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf] clwj]zg !& ut] x'g] 5 eg] lgjf{rg If]qLo ;ldltsf]
clwj]zg @@ ut] x'g]5 .
;f]djf/ laDa g]kfnL
;fKtflxs;+u s'/f ub}{ pkfWofon] eg] …ufpF, gu/ / If]qLo clwj]zg ;DkGg eO{;s]kl5
@% ut] lhNnf clwj]zg x'g] 5 .Ú clwj]zgsf nflu s]Gb|n] lgjf{rg clws[t ;d]t
tf]ls;s]sf] jtfpFb} sfo{jxfs ;efklt pkfWofon] eg] …lhNnf clwj]zgsf nflu s/Lj ^
;o k|ltlglwx? x'g ;S5g .Ú kf6L{sf] lawfg cg';f/ k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qjf6 !@ hgf
dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwx? rog x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 eg] Ps hgf dlxnf ;lxt $ hgf
dxf;ldlt ;b:o x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
;efkltsf bfj]bf/x? t w]/}
b]lvPsf 5g lg, tkfOsf] bfjL 5}g < laDasf] o; k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf pkfWofon] eg]
…d]/f] s] df bfjL x'g] eGg] s'/f @@ ut] kl5 dfq} yfx x'G5 .Ú lhNnf ;efkltsf]
bfj]bf/ x'gsf nflu w]/} r/0fx? kf/ ug'{ kg]{ jfFsL /x]sf] jtfpFb} pkfWofon] eg]
…dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwdf r'lgPkl5 dfq} ;efkltsf] bfjL ug{ of]Uo eOG5 .Ú w]/}n]
;efkltsf] bfjL ul//x]sf] ;'lgPklg cfkm' eg] @@ ut] kl5 dfq} ;fj{hlgs ug]{
pkfWofosf] egfO{ 5 . kf6L{sf] lawfg cg';f/ lhNnf ;efklt, ;lrj / sf]iffWoIf ;lxt
@# hgf clwj]zgjf6 rog x'g]5g eg] jfFsL * hgf ;efkltn] dgf]lgt ug]{ Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5 .
kf6L{ lhNnf ;lrj kbd /fjtn]
:yfgLo txsf] clwj]zgsf] ;j} tof/L k'/f eO{;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . dxflwj]zg
k|ltlglwsf nflu cfkm\gf] klg bfjL /x]sf] jtfpFb} /fjt eG5g\ …dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw
eO{;s]kl5 ;efkltsf] bfjL ug]{ gug]{ eGg] s'/f ;fyLx?;+u ;Nnfx u/]/ dfq} lg0f{o
lng]5' .Ú pgn] ;efkltsf nflu cfkm\gf] klg rfxgf /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbP .
csf{ g]tf e'dL/fh a8'n] klg
cfkm' ;efkltsf nflu bfj]bf/ /x]sf] jtfPsf 5g . laDa ;fKtflxs;+u 6]lnkmf]gdf
s'/f ub}{ a8'n] eg] …clxn]g} elgxfNg t pko'Qm gxf]nf t/ ;efkltsf nflu d]/f] klg
rfxgf 5 .Ú kf6L{leq b]lvPsf] u'6jGbLsf] cGTo ug{sf nflu cfkm\gf] bfjL /xg]
j8'n] jtfP . pgn] eg] …!@ cf}+ dxflwjz]gn] sf+u|];nfO{ efjgfTds ?kdf Plss[t ug{
;s]g, clxn] klg g]tf sfo{stf{x? laeflht dfgl;stfdf /x]sf 5g, o;nfO{ lrg'{ h?/L
5 .Ú
;+u7flgs sfd ug]{ a]nf
s]Gb|df uP/ j:g], g]tf jGgsf nflu dfq} lhNnf cfpg] …6'l/i6Ú g]tfx?sf nflu cj
kf6L{leq ;xh gx'g] jtfpFb} j8'n] eg] …hgtfsf aLrdf, sfo{stf{x?sf aLrdf a;]/ sfd
ug]{ JolQmn] lhNnf ;efklt jGg' k5{, To;sf nflu d of]Uo 5' .Ú ;efklt ePkl5
cfkm'n] lhNnf ;+u7gnfO{ r':t agfpFb} s]Gb|Lo g]tfx?nfO{ klg u'6jGbLsf] cGTo ug{
vj/bf/L ug]{ pgsf] bfjL 5 .
g]kfnL sf+u|];df
;efkltsf bfj]bf/ s/Lj Ps bh{g ePsf] ;|f]tn] jtfPsf] 5 . gfd pNn]v gug]{ ;t{df
Ps lhNnf g]tfn] eg] …@@ ut] kv]{sf 5g ;j}n] . @@ ut] dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwdf klg
5flgg g;s]kl5 j]OHht x'g] 8/n] clxn]g} ;efkltsf] bfjL s;}n] u/]sf 5}gg\ .Ú pgL
w]/}n] bfjL u/]klg kf6L{sf] lhNnf g]t[Tj ;j{;Ddt x'g]df laZjf; u5{g . eG5g\
…cu|h g]tfx?n] ;dembf/L u/] eg] ;j{;Ddt x'g ;S5, geP k|hftflGqs k|lqmofjf6 gofF
g]t[Tj rog x'Fbf klg s]xL ;d:of x'Fb}g .
lk7\o"
kmsf{pg] s} dg ldNof]
8f]6L lhNnfsf]
n8fu8f ufla;df /x]sf] a|d'08L ;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf nfdf] ;dob]lv sfod
laafb ;dfwfg ePsf] 5 . lajfb dfq ePsf] 5}g :yfgLonfO{ 7'nf] l;sfO{ ;d]t ePsf] 5
.
dfG5]x?;+u ;d:of / ;dfwfg
b'a} x'g] ePsfn] laafb u/]/ a:g' ;fGble{s gePsf] pgLx?sf] a'emfO{ 5 . n8fu8f
ufla;sf *$ aifL{o pb}l;+ ro8fn] eg] æxfdL aiff}{+;Dd o;} ;fd'bflos agsf nfuL
ljafb u/]/ a:of}F, slt ;do v]/ kmfNof}F, Ps} 7fpFdf a:of}}F eg] lk7\o' kmsf{P/
a:g] uYof+}{ af]Ng t k/}sf] s'/f xf] .Æ
;r]t gful/sn] k|fs[lts
;|f]tsf] Aoal:yt k|of]u ug{'sf ;fy} ;+/If0fsf nfuL nfUg' kg]{ a|d'08L ;fd'bflos
ag pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf cWoIf em+s/ ;fpFbn] atfP . em+s/n] eg] æag xfdL ;a}sf] xf],
arfpg] / pkof]u ug]{ klg xfdL ;a} xf] To;}n] ;fd'bflos agsf laifodf cgfaZos
laafb ug{' eGbf ;+/If0f tkm{ nfUg h?/L 5 .Æ
lhNnfdf k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf
lajfb ePsf 7fpFx?df sfd ub}{ cfPsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t åGb ?kfGt/0f s]Gb| g]kfn /
;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf dxf;+3n] n8fu8f ufla;df ptkGg ePsf] laafb ;dfwfgsf nfuL
sfd u/]sf] lyof] .
k|fs[lts ;|f]t åGb ?kfGt/0f
s]Gb| g]kfnsf /fli6«o ;|f]t AolQm nf]saxfb'/ yfkf lajfbsf qmddf ePsf 36gf
;Demb} eG5g æb'a} kIf lgs} pu| ?kdf
k|:t't x'GYf], Ps 7fpFdf 5nkmn ug]{ cj:yf lyPg, b'a} kIf;+u km/s} 5nkmn ug'{
kg]{ xfdL #^ k6s eGbf w]/} k6s a}7s a:of}F aNn clxn] ;xdlt eof] .Æ
k|fs[lts ;|f]t åGb ?kfGt/0f
sfo{qmd cGt/ut zlgaf/ ufla;df kqsf/x?;+u a|d'08L ;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf
kbflwsf/L / pkef]Qmf lar cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
!% ut]
dGqL s]=;L=cfpg]
g]kfn ;/sf/sf
pkk|wfg tyf ;xsf/L tyf u/LjL lgjf/0f dGqL lrqjxfb'/ s];L !% ut] 8f]6L cfpg]
ePsf 5g .
/fli6«o hgdf]rf{sf cWoIf ;d]t
/x]sf s];L df]rf{sf] lbkfondf x'g] 8f]6L lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf] cj;/ kf/L 8f]6L cfpg]
ePsf 5g .
/fli6«o hgdf]rf{ 8f]6Låf/f
hf/L ul/Psf] ckLndf k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf]
pb\3f6gsf nflu 8f]6L cfpg] hfgsf/L lbO{Psf] 5 . ckLndf elgPsf] 5 …lhNnf
;Dd]ngnfO{ cfly{s, g}lts / ef}lts ?kdf ;xof]u ug{sf ;fy} kf6L{ ;+u7gdf ;d]t
cfj4 eP/ /fli6«o :jflwgtfsf] /Iff ug]{ /
b]zsf] p2]Zo k'/f ug]{ cleofgdf ;xeflu x'g ckLn ub{5f}+ .Ú
ckLndf 8f]6L lhNnfsf] lasf;sf
nflu df]rf{n] dxTjk"0f{ kxn ul//x]sf] ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnfdf n3'
hnlaB't kl/of]hgfjf6 pTkflbt lah'nL :yfgLo hg;d'bfonfO{ lat/0f u/]/ ar]sf]
laB't dfq jflx/ a]Rg' kg]{ jf /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfO{gdf hf]8\g' kg]{ cfjfh
df]rf{n] p7fO/x]sf] ckLndf 5 .
o;}aLr df]rf{n] lhNnfsf
laleGg :yfgdf ef/tLo gfsfjGbLsf] la?4df la/f]w ;efx? ;DkGg u/]sf] jtfPsf] 5 .
df]rf{sf lhNnf ;lrj s]zjgfy of]uLn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ lhNnfsf] lgjf{rg
If]q–@ sf clwsf+; ufla;x?df la/f]w ;ef ul/Psf] xf] . …la/f]w ;efsf qmddf
hgtfsf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf /x]sf] / /fli6«o hgdf]rf{n] p7fg u/]sf d'4fx?df hgtfsf]
;dy{g /x]sf] 5Ú ;lrj of]uLn] eg] …o;lardf xfdLn] ;+u7g la:tf/sf] sfo{nfO{ klg
ltj| ultdf nu]sf 5f}+ .Ú
;Dd]ngsf] tof/L k'/f
eO{;s]sf] of]uLn] hfgsf/L lbP .
;lqmo jGb}
oftfot k|x/L
;jf/L
b'3{6gfx?nfO{ Go"g ug{sf nflu lhNnf oftfot k|x/L sfof{no c5fdn] ;jf/L
r]shfr tyf hgr]tgf km}nfpg] cleofgnfO{ lta|tf lbPsf] 5 .
rfns tyf t]>f] kIfsf]
;fdfgo ;dfGo nfk/afxLsf sf/0f x'g] ;jf/L
b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0fsf nfuL cleofg ;'? u/]sf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . sfof{non]
lhNnfsf k|d'v gfsf rf}v'§], k|d'v Aofkfl/s s]G› ;fkm]au/, ;b/d'sfd d+un;]g,
aofnkf6f, hou9 nufotsf ljleGg 7fpFdf ;jf/L r]shfrdf s8fO{ ul/Psf] sfof{no k|d'v
;f]efg l;+ sfsL{n] hfgsf/L lbP . r]shfFrsf qmddf oftfot k|x/Ln] ;jf/L rfns;+u
;jf/L cg'dtL kq gePsf]], x]Nd]6 gnufPsf] e]6fPdf cfjZos ;/;Nnfx lbP/ 5f]8\g]
u/]sf] sfsL{n] jtfP . klxnf] k6s lgod lj/l/t ;jf/L rnfpg] AolQmnfO{ cfjZos
;/;Nnfxf lbg] u/]sf] / bf];|f] k6s klg lgod pn+3g u/L ;jf/L rnfpg] rfnsnfO{
cfjZos sf/afxL u/]/ 5f]8\g] u/]sf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .
;8sdf lta| ultdf ;jf/L
;fwg gxfFSg / lgod pNn+3g u/L ;jf/L ;fwg grnfpg sfof{non] ;a}nfO{ cg'/f]w ;d]t
u/]sf] 5 . sfof{non] c5fd lhNnfsf ljleGg ljBfnodf ljBfno:t/Lo oftfot ;DjlGw
lgodsf] af/]df hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . c5fd lhNnfdf ;jf/L
b'3{6gf w]/} gx'g] ePklg x'g;Sg] 36gfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ o:tf] cleofg ;~rfng ul/Psf]
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ pb[t ub}{ xfd|f ;xsdL{ laqmd kl/of/n] hfgsf/L lbP .
kfFr ;o #@
df d]nldnfk
;fd'bflos
d]nldnfkstf{ ;dfh 8f]6Ln] lhNnfdf kfFr ;o #@ lajfbsf 36gfx?df d]nldnfk u/]sf]
hgfPsf] 5 .
;f]djf/ ;DkGg ;dfhsf]
bf]>f] lhNnf clwj]zgsf] pb\3f6gsf qmddf ;fd'bflos d]nldnfk ;dfh 8f]6L zfvfsf
cWoIf dbg e08f/Ln] zfvfdf k/]sf ;ft ;o ph'/Lx?df kfFr %# df d]nldnfk ul/Psf]
hfgsf/L lbP . pgn] eg] …;fd'bflos d]nldnfkstf{x?n] ldnfkq u/]sf 36gfx?df km]/L
lajfb cfPsf] 5}g .Ú ;fd'bflos d]nldnfk–stf{x?n] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{no, cbfnt, dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|, cNksfnLg ;]jf s]Gb|,
lhNnf jg sfof{no nufotsf If]qdf k/]sf d'4fx?df ldnfkq ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] cWoIf
e08f/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP .
lhNnf GofoflwaQmf k|sfz e08f/Lsf]
k|d'v cfltYo tyf ;fd'bflos d]nldnfk ;dfhsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o w'|jjxfb'/ /fjnsf]
lalzi7 cfltTYodf ePsf] clwj]zgsf qmddf 8f]6L lhNnfsf kfFr ufla; / lbkfon l;nu9L
gu/–kflnsfdf ;fd'bflos d]nldnfkstf{x? /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbO{Psf] 5 . ;dfhsf
8f]6Ldf @& hgf cfhLjg ;b:o d]nldnfkstf{x? /x]sf] ;d]t clwj]zgdf k|:t't
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
clwj]zg pb\3f6g ;qsf k|d'v
cltly e08f/Ln] ;fd'bflos d]nldnfkstf{x?n] lajfb ldnfpg' kg]{ jtfpFb} ck/fwsf
36gfx? ldnfpglt/ gnfUg ;'emfj lbP . pgn] eg] …olb ;fd'bflos d]nldnfkstf{x?n]
;xL tl/sfn] :yfgLo:t/df sfd ul/lbP cbfntsf] sfo{jf]em klg sd x'g]5 / ;/sf/sf]
vr{ klg sd x'g]5 .Ú
pgn] @)^* ;fndf cfPsf]
d]nldnfk P]g @)&! ;fndf sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] jtfpFb} d]nldnfk P]gsf] jf/]df
hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ larf/ JoQm u/] .
sfo{qmdsf lalzi7 cltly /fjnn]
;fd'bflos d]nldnfkstf{x?nfO{ klxn] cbfnt k|zf;g, k|x/L s;}n] klg glrGg] u/]sf]
jtfpFb} eg] …t/ clxn] t ;j}n] d]nldnfsstf{x?sf] dxTj a'em]sf 5g .Ú
sfo{qmddf 8f]6L lhNnf cbfntsf
>]:t]bf/ gj/fh hf]zLn] ;fd'bflos d]nldnfksstf{x?n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf /x]sf]
/fli6«o d]nldnfk kl/ifb\df ;"rLs[t x'g' kg]{ jtfP . pgn] eg] …clxn]
d]nldnfk P]g cfO{;s]klg d]nldnfkstf{x?sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf ;d]t :gfts tx x'g'
kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] cj tflnd lng] d]nldnfkstf{x? :gfts tx pQL0f{
u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .Ú
bf]>f] clwj]zgjf6
gofF g]t[Tj rog ug]{ elgPsf] ePklg of] ;dfrf/ tof/ ubf{;Dd gofF g]t[tj rog
eO{;s]sf] hfgsf/L eg] k|fKt ePsf] 5}g .
sfo{lawL
lakl/t of]hgf 5gf}6
lgjf{rg If]q
k'jf{wf/ lasf; laz]if sfo{qmd lat/0f ;ldltnn] sfo{lalw lakl/t of]hgf 5gf}6
u/]sf] 5 .
lgjf{rg If]q k'jf{wf/ lasf;
laz]if sfo{qmd -;~rfng sfo{lalw_ lgodfjnL, @)&! sf] bkmf ^ cg';f/ ef}lts k'jf{wf/
lasf; ;DalGw cfof]hgf cGt/ut dlGb/ lgdf0f{ gkg]{ ePklg 8f]6Ldf @% nfv ?k}Fof
dlGb/ lgdf{0fsf nfuL lat/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
8f]6L lgjf{rg If]q g+=@ sf] lgjf{rg If]q lasf; laz]if sfo{qmd cGt/ut
Ps÷Ps nfvsf b/n] @% cfof]hgf dlGb/
lgdf{0f tyf dd{tdf /flvPsf] 5 . e"sDkaf6 If]lt ePsf ;+/rgfx?sf] k'Mg
lgdf{0f Kofs]h cGt/ut pQm /sd dlGb/df lalgof]hg ul/Psf] xf] .
sfo{lalwsf] bkmf % sf] pk
bkmf !! cg';f/ & nfv eGbf sdsf of]hgf agfpg gldNg] ePklg & nfv eGbf
tnsf #* cf]6f cfof]hgf jgfO{Psf] 5 .
sfo{lalw cg';f/ a9Ldf Ps lgjf{rg If]qdf !% cf]6f cfof]hgf agfpg ldNg] eP
klg b'j} lgjf{rg If]q u/L ^@ of]hgf 5gf}6 ePsf 5g .
;DalGwt lgjf{rg If]qsf]
gu/kflnsf, ufla; jf lhNnf :t/sf] k'jf{wf/ lasf;sf] of]hgf egL ;DaGwLt kl/ifb\n]
kf/Lt u/]sf] cfof]hgfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{ pNn]v ePklg sfo{stf{af6 l;kmf/L;
ePsf cfof]hgfx?sf] ;+Vof w]/} 5 .
8f]6L lhNnfsf b'O{ cf]6f
lgjf{rg If]q lasf; sfo{qmdsf] %( k|ltzt ah]6 ;8sdf lat/0f ul/Psf] 5 . b'j}
If]qsf] tLg s/f]8 dWo] Ps s/f]8 &*
nfv ?k}ofF ;8sdf lalgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . If]q–! df ^( nfv / If]q–@ df Ps s/f]8 (
nfv ;8sdf lalgof]hg ePsf] lhNnf lasf; ;ldltsf] tYofFsn] b]vfPsf] 5 .
b'a} lgjf{rg If]qdf lzIffsf
If]qdf $# nfv ?k}ofF lalgof]hg u/]sf 5g . If]q–! df #& nfv If]q–@ df ^ nfv
lzIff If]qdf ah]]6 lalgof]hg u/]sf] 5 .
If]q– ! df kg]{ 8f}8 tf]n]gL
ufla;sf af9L klx/f]af6 k|eflat If]qdf If]lt ePsf] laB't dd{tsf nfuL #$ nfv
&% xhf/ lalgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . s[lif If]qdf s'nf] lgdf{0fsf nfuL If]q –@
df ;ft nfv &% xhf/ lalgof]hg ul/Psf]
5 eg] If]q–! df s[lifsf] If]qdf ah]6 lalgof]hg 5}g .
;DalGwt lgjf{rg If]qsf]
;f+;bsf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g x'g] lgjf{rg If]q laz]if sfo{qmd lgb]{zg tyf Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] a}7sn] lo /sdx? ljlgof]hg u/]sf] xf] . ;ldltdf ;DjlGwt lgjf{rg If]qdf
sDtLdf $) k|lt;t lgjf{rg If]q lasf; sfo{qmdsf] /sd ljlgof]hg ug]{ ;dfg'kflts
;f+;b, :yfgLo lasf; clwsf/L, lhNnf k|flalws sfof{nosf k|d'v, laifout sfof{nosf
k|d'v jf tf]lsPsf] AolQm ;b:o /xg] Aoj:yf 5 . pQm ;ldltn] lhNnfdf sfo{lalwsf] a]jf:tf ub}{ of]hgf lat/0f u/]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 .
5f]6s/L
uf]i7L ;DkGg
cfO{taf/ lhNnf ;b/–d'sfd l;nu9Ldf k|fs[lts ;|f]t åGb
?kfGt/0f sfo{qmdsf] l;sfO{ cg'ea / pknAwLaf/] cled'vL–s/0f uf]i7L sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 .
k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] clt bf]xg
ubf{ dfgjLo hLjgdf ;d]t ;+s6 cfpg] cled'lvs–/0f sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly tyf ;xfos
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L df]xg/fh hf]zLn] atfP . hf]zLn] eg] æk|fs[lts ;|f]tsf]
bf]xg e}/x]sf] 5, dflg;x? To;sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+a{4g eGbf klg s;/L bf]xg ug{
;lsG5 eGg] tkm{ s]lGb|t 5g k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] clt bf]xg ubf{ dfgjLo hLagdf ;d]t
;+s6 cfpg ;S5 .Æ k|fs[lts ;|f]t dfyL :yfgLon] laafb ug'{ /fd|f] sfd gePsf]
sfo{qmdsf ;efklt Pj++ ;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 8f]6Lsf cWoIf s[i0f dnf;Ln]
atfP .
clwj]bg wdfwd
nfdf] ;dob]lv e›uf]n
cj:yfdf /x]sf Pdfcf]jfbLsf e|ft[ ;+u7gn] wdfwd /fli6«o ;Dd]ng / e]nf ug{ yfn]sf
5g\ .
jfOl;Pnsf] /fli6«o e]nf
/fhwfgLdf hf/L 5 eg] cGo hgjuL{o ;+u7g / hftLo, If]qLo df]rf{ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf]
tof/Ldf nfu]sf 5g\ . Pdfcf]jfbLsf hgjuL{o ;+u7g / hftLo, If]qLo df]rf{n] cfˆgf
/fHo ;+/rgfx¿ lj36g u/]/ k|fb]lzs ;+/rgf agfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . Pdfcf]jfbLsf] alnof
e|ft[ ;+u7gsf ¿kdf /x]sf dhb'/, ljBfyL{ / ls;fg ;+u7gn] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng /
e]nfsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . dhb'/, ljBfyL{ / ls;fg ;+u7gn] /fHo ;ldltx¿ e+u u/]/ k|fb]lzs ;+/rgf
agfO;s]sf 5g\ .
v]n ;dfrf/
gjo'un] b]vfPsf]
k|ltef
…gjo'u, gjo'u,
gjo'uÚ a+ujGw' sksf] ;]ldkmfOgndf Xofl6«s u/]kl5 pgnfO{ g]kfnL km'6ansf]
pbfpFbf] tf/fsf ?kdf x]g{ yflnPsf] 5 . s] g]kfnL km'6ansf] gjo'u z'? ePsf] xf]
<
sRrf km'6an/sf ?kdf a+unfb]z
uPsf @% jif]{ gjo'u >]i7 cfh km'6jnsf :6f/sf ?kdf rrf{df 5g . gjo'u km'6jnsf
:6f/ dfq} xf]O{gg\ pgn] b]zsf] /Iff ug]{ s;d klg vfPsf 5g . pgL g]kfnL ;]gfsf
Ps l;kfxL klg x'g . cg'zfl;t ;+:yfdf hflu/] ePs} sf/0f xf]nf pgL cfkm"nfO{
v]nf8L eGbf ;}lgs egsf] dg k/fpF5g .
Onfdsf] d+unaf/]l:yt efg'eQm
pRrdfWolds ljBfnodf k9fpg] Ps lzIfsn] @)$& ;fndf 5f]/f hGdfP / gjo'u gfd
/fv]sf lyP . lzIfs eP klg km'6andf pgsf] ax't k|]d lyof] . km'6ansf lhNnf:t/sf
Dofrx? v]Ng] u/]sf pgn] hxfF hfFbf klg 5f]/fsf nflu Pp6f km'6an af]s]/ cfpFy] .
o;/L afns}b]lv gjo'u km'6andf cEo:t ag] . :yfgLo ;g/fOh Ps]8]dLdf k9\bfv]/L g}
gjo'usf] km'6an sf}zn b]v]/ w]/} nf]leg yfn]sf lyP . cGt/ljBfno :t/Lo
k|ltof]lutfx?df v]Nbf cfˆgf] :s'nsf] l6daf6 w]/} uf]n ug]{ pgL g} x'Gy] . ^
sIff kf; u/]kl5 pgL ;g/fOh 5f8]/ afa'n] k9fpg] efg'eQmdf egf{ eP .
ljBfno kl/jt{g ug{'sf] sf/0f
lyof] dfcf]jfbL . …dfcf]jfbLsf] kfnfdf ;/sf/L :s'nsf] lzIfsnfO{ k|fOe]6 :s'ndf
k9fpg glbg] s'/f rn]sf] lyof] . ToxL eP/ a'jfn] 8/fP/ ;g/fOhaf6 lgsfNg' eof] .Ú
To;f] t h"g :s'ndf k9] klg gjo"unfO{ km/s kb}{gYof] . pgnfO{ k9\glt/ Wofg} lyPg .
lzIfs afa'n] a]nf–a]nfdf xkfy]{, …km'6an–km'6an eg]/ dfq} x'G5 < k9\g' klg
k5{ .Ú
h]gt]g pgn] P;Pn;L kf; u/] .
t/, k9fOdf eGbf km'6andf pgL w]/} cuf8L al9;s]sf lyP . d+unaf/]df Pp6f lqj]0fL
Snj eGg] lyof], h;n] h'lgo/ km'6an k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf uYof]{ . h'lgo/
km'6andf rf/ lkm6 !) OGr prfO{ eGbf sdsf v]nf8Lx?n] efu lng kfpFy] .
cfkm"n] km'6ansf] cfwf/e't s'/fx? Tolx Snadf l;s]sf] atfp5g\ gjo'u .
Tolta]n} pgnfO{ w]/}n] …of] s]6f]n]
s]lx u5{ x}Ú eGg] z}nLdf x]g{ yfln;s]sf lyP . pgn] cfˆgf] :s'nnfO{ Pp6f
cGt/ljBfno:t/Lo k|ltof]lutf klg lhtfP .
P;Pn;L kf; u/]kl5 pgsf] v]ndf
?rL a9\b} uof] . ;z:q k|x/Lsf] 6f]nLl;t km'6an cEof; ug]{ df}sf kfP pgn] .
cEof;df /fd|f] v]Ng]nfO{ ;z:qsf] 6f]nLdf v]nfOg] / dfl;s kfFr xhf/ tnj lbg]
s'/f lyof] . t/, kl5 k};f glbg] s'/f cfPkl5 pgL 5f8]/ lxF8] . To;kl5 pgL ;L
l8lehgsf] 6f]vf Snadf k'u] . Onfds}
k'6an/ lw/]g k|wfgn] pgnfO{ ToxfF k'¥ofPsf lyP .
v]ns} rSs/df nfu]/ pgn] sIff
!@ klg pQL0f{ ug{ ;s]gg\ . lbSbf/ ePsf pgL nfu] 3/lt/ . Tolta]nf ufpFsf] Pshgf
;fyLn] pgnfO{ eGof], hfpF wgs'6f, cfdL{df egf{ v'n]sf] 5 .…d]/f] a'jfn]
dfGg'x'Gg,Ú pgn] eg], …tF ;DemfOb]g .Ú cflv/df a'jfsf] cg'dlt k|fKt eof] .
pgLx? b'j} hgfn] wgs'6fsf] s[i0fbn u0fdf k'u]/ b/vf:t xfn] . gjo'un] gfd lgsfn]
t/, ;fyL kmflnP .
…jf:tjdf d l;kfxL aGg] /x/n]
eGbf klg km'6an v]Ng] nf]en] cfdL{ HjfOg ePsf] x'F,Ú gjo'un] eg], …t/, clxn]
cfkm"nfO{ km'6an/ eGbf klxn] cfdL{ eGg ?rfp5' .Ú t, o;/L @)^% ;fndf pgL
b]zsf Ps ;}lgs ag] .
;]gfsf] gf} dlxg]
cfwf/e"t tflnds} qmddf pgL /fd|f] km'6an v]Ng] eg]/ lrlgg\ yfln;s]sf lyP .
olx aLr ;]gfsf] x]8Sjf6{/n] cfˆgf] km'6an l6dsf nflu ;Defljt v]nf8Lsf] gfd
k7fpg b]ze/sf ;}lgs SofDkx?df kq k7fof] . s[i0fbn u0fn] gjo'unfO{ 6«fonsf nflu
x]8Sjf6/ k7fof] . 6«fondf pgL kf; eP . cfdL{ Snaaf6 km'6an v]Ng] pgsf] ;kgf kf;
eof] .
pgsf] Tof] ;kgfn] cfh b]zsf]
gfd prfn]sf] 5 . @# jif{kl5 g]kfnn] cGt/fli6«o pkfwL lhTg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . ;fg}
pd]/ b]lvsf] pgsf] km'6jnk|ltsf] nugzLntf, kl/>dn] ubf{ cfh gjo'un] c:tfpFb}
u/]sf] g]kfnL km'6jndf ;fFlRrs} gofF o'usf] yfngL x'g] cfzf b]vfPsf 5g .
rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg
…sl/Zdf, ;/f]h
vgfn / czf]s zdf{ Ho", gofF af6f]sf] ;;+lst z'esfdgf,
dflg; :jtGq 5, larf/
cleAolQmsf nflu jf cfkm"n] c+uLsf/ ug]{ x/ sÞbdsf nflu . tkfOx¿ snfsdL{df
d eGbf al9 kf]Vt x'g'x'G5, o; lx;fan] cfb/0fLo klg x'g'x'G5 t/ tkfOx¿sf]
kl5Nnf] /fhg}lts sÞbd klg tkfOx¿sf] clego h:t} ;6Ls xf];\ olx sfdgf ub{5'
t/===Ú
xf:o snfsf/ lbks/fh lu/Ln]
cfkm\gf] km];a's :6f6;df n]v]sf x/km x'g lo . k"j{ k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd
e§/fO{n] cfOtaf/ cf}krfl/s ?kdf 3f]if0ff u/]sf] gofF zlQm /fli6«o kl/ifbdf ;b:o
ag]kl5 snfsdL{ sl/Zdf, ;/f]h / czf]snfO{ pgn] o;/L z'esfdgf lbPsf 5g .
pgn] eg]sf 5g\ …laut s]nfpg]
xf] eg] xfd|f] d'n'sdf snfsf/x¿sf] bn k|a]z s]an hut x;fpg] v]n dfq ;flat eof],
bnx¿n] snfsf/nfO{ bfFt df‰g] a|;sf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/] .Ú r'gfjsf] ;dodf dfq}
snfsdL{x?nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ / kl5 x'TofO lbg] u/]sf] pgn] b'v];f] kf]v]sf 5g .
bnx?n] snfsf/nfO{ o'y P08 y|f]sf ?kdf k|of]u u/]sf] l6Kk0fL bLksn] u/]sf 5g\ .
…Pp6f o:tf] snfsf/sf] gfd
eGg';\ h:n] bndf nfu]/ cfˆgf] jf b]zsf] nflu s]lx laz]if pNn]Vo kl/0ffd lbPsf]
xf];\Ú lbksn] eg]sf 5g\ …hLage/ kf6L{sf uLt ufP/ lx8]sf tL lbUuhx¿ cfh cefj}
cefj em]Nb} k5'tf]k"0f{ hLag latfO/x]5g\, g kf6L{n] ofb u5{ g d'n'sn] .Ú kl5Nnf] lbgdf /]vf, e"jg s]l;
cflbsf gfd v'a rrf{df /x]sf t/ tL ;a} rrf{ / ck]Iffx¿ lgjf{rg;+u} :vlnt ePsf
jtfpFb} pgn] o;df of t xfdL snfsf/x¿;+u kof{Kt /fhgLlts 1fgsf] cefa /x]sf] of t
bnx¿ xfd|f] nf]slk|otfnfO s]an l6s6 jf s]lx ca;/x¿;+u lalgdo dfq ug{ rfx]sf]
b'v];f] u/]sf 5g .
…To;}n] xfd|f] of] bn k|a]z
aiff}+{ b]lv e'Q] ;flat x'b} cfPsf] tLtf] oyfy{ xfld;+u Ho"b} 5Ú pgn]
yk]sf 5g …xfd|f] pkl:ylt s]an /fhf dxf/fhfsf] cfudg df k|:t't ug]{ ufgf ahfgf
ul/ le8 a6'Ng] gt{s gt{sLsf] dfq gxf];\ .Ú pgn] snfsdL{qosf] bn k|j]z cfˆgf /
d'n'ssf nflu kmnbfoL xf];, cfˆgf] AolQmut d]xgtn] agfPsf] cfˆgf] k|lti7fnfO
Pp6f bn / larf/df ;dflxt ug]{ of] lg0f{o Ps lbg xfdL ;Dk"0f{ snfsf/n]
uf}/a ug{ nfos xf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf lbPsf 5g .
rnlrq cfj]usf]
6«]n/ ;fj{hlgs
lkmNd …cfj]uÚsf]
6«]n/ aflxl/Psf] 5 . r}q !@ ut]af6 k|bz{gdf cfpg] of] lkmNdsf] 6«]n/, cl8of]
PNadsf] ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/dGqL z]/wg /fO{n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ .
a;Gt lg/f}nfsf] lgb]{zgdf
tof/ ePsf] of] lkmNdsf] cl8of] ladf]rgdf cleg]tf cfo{g l;Ub]n pkl:yt ePgg\ .
pgL pkl:yt gePkl5 lgb]{zs lg/f}nfn] h'g snfsf/sf nflu &) nfv vr{ x'G5 p;}n]
wf]sf lbPsf] eGb} cfqmf]z kf]v] .
cfo{gn] cfkm" sfo{qmddf
cfpg] eGb} kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] nflu ;do lbPsf lyP . t/, cfo{g ;'6'Ss ;f]daf/ g}
u'NdLtkm{ lx8]sf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ sfo{qmd s]xL vNnf] ePsf] lyof] . cfo{gsf ;fydf
kljqf cfrfo{, w'|j bQ, cr{gf 8]nfnf, /d]z j'9fyf]sLsf] d'Vo e"ldsf /x]sf]
of] lkmNdnfO{ PS;g z}nLsf] agfO{Psf] 5 . h;df cfo{g l;Ub]n k"0f{ ?kdf PS;g
cjtf/df b]lvPsf 5g\ .
sfo{qmddf ;+rf/dGqLn]
lkmNdnfO{ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbP . ;fy} pgn] rnlrq gLlt, aS; clkm; / ;]lna|]6L
sf8{af/] cfkm"n] ulDe/ ?kdf cWoog ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . ;"o{
sfsL{sf] k|:t'tLdf ag]sf] of] lkmNddf emds gf/fo0f l3ld/], wg l;+x s];L /
/fh]Zj/ >]i7sf] nufgL 5 . k|:t'tstf{ ;"o{ sfsL{n] cfkm" …d]/f]
hLjg ;fyLÚ gfds lkmNdaf6 8'a]sf] eGb} o;af6 psfl;g] ljZjf; JoQm u/] .
n]v
g]tfk|wfg xf]Og,
gLltk|wfg sf+u|];
ab|L kf08]
!@cf}F
dxflwj]zgkl5 o'jfsf] cfzf
!@ cf}F dxflwj]zg xfdL o'jfsf
nflu ck|Toflzt lyof] . d cfkm}F klg ljs6 If]qsf] sfo{stf{, Pp6f dfq lgjf{rg
If]q ePsf] afh'/faf6 cfPF . dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw n8\b} ubf{ d}n] ;a}eGbf a9L dt
NofPsf] lyPF . afh'/fsf] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn;Fu hlt ;lhnf] u/L ;+jfb x'g'kg]{
xf], Tof] x'g lgs} ufx|f] 5 . lhNnf clwj]zgsf nflu xfdL ufpF clwj]zgs} j]nfdf
uof}F . Ps dfq lgjf{rg If]q ePsfn] lhNnf clwj]zgs} j]nf dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw
5flgPF . ;a}n] ljZjf; u/]/ /fd|f] dt NofpFbf klg d}n] s]G›df n8\g]af/] ;f]r]s}
lyOgF . klxnf]k6s dxf;ldlt ;b:o dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw ePsf] lyPF . ljBfyL{
/fhgLltaf6 cf}krfl/s ¿kdf kf6L{ /fhgLltdf k|j]z u/]kl5 kf6L{ dxf;ldltsf] a}7sdf
k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'k5{ eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] . t/, sf7df08f}++
cfpFbf gcfpFb} ;a}lt/ ;Dks{ x'g yfNof], ;a}lt/sf] clwj]zgsf] jftfj/0f ;'Gg a'‰g
yflnof], To;af6 xfd|f] o'jf k':tfn] lgjf{rgdf efu lng'k5{, ;dfj]z x'g'k5{ eGg]
jftfj/0f b]lvof] . ufpF, If]q / lhNnf txaf6 xfd|f ;dsfnLg ;fyLx¿ cfpg'eof] .
pd]/ ;d"xsf] b[li6n] klg o'jfx¿ lht]/ cfP . /, s]G›Lo ;ldltdf o'jfx¿
k|lt:kwL{ x'g] jftfj/0f klg aGof] . cg'dfgeGbf klg 7"nf] ;+Vofdf o'jfx¿
cfP .
$) jif{d'lgsf s]G›Lo ;b:o
dfq} klg kfFrhgf lyof}F . %) jif{d'lgsf t w]/}n] lhTg'eof] . ^) jif{eGbf
k'/fgf] / 7"nf] kf6L{ ;f]xL j]nfb]lvsf] k':tf x'g'sf afjh'b klg o'jf
k':tfnfO{ Nofpg'k5{ eGg] jftj/0fn] xfdL klg ToxfF k|j]z u¥of}F . !@ cf}F b]lv
!# cf}F dxflwj]zg aLrsf] ;dLIff ubf{ ;a}eGbf cfTd;Gtf]if ug]{ ljifo s] 5 eg]
s]G›Lo ;b:osf] dflyNnf] txdf 5' / tNnf] txdf hfg x'Fb}g, w]/} ;xh / ;lhnf]
9+un] kf6L{sf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g'x'Gg eGg] efjgf g/fvLsg} ufpFsf sfo{qmddf
uOof], gu/ / j8fsf sfo{qmddf klg k'luof] . ufpF, gu/, If]qLo / lhNnf ;ldltsf
sfo{qmddf klg EofP;Dd k'luof] . b]ze/ kof{Kt ;do lbP/ 3'ldPsf] 5 . kf6L{sf
kIfdf hgdt lgdf{0fdf vl6Psf] 5 .
ljwfg pNn+3gsf] 9f]sf v'Nbf
xfdLn] gofF g]t[Tj cfP;Fu}
kf6L{ ljwfgsf] cIf/zM kfngf x'Fb} hfG5 eGg] ;f]r]sf lyof}F . ljwfg pNn+3g eof]
eg] ;d:of k5{ . To;}n] ljwfg sfof{Gjog x'Fb} hfnf eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUof] . t/,
cIf/zM ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog xfdLn] ug{ ;s]gf}F . dxflwj]zg ePsf] b'O{ dlxgfleq
ljwfgtM xfd|f ;a} ;+/rgfn] k"0f{tf kfpg' kYof]{ . t/, Tof] ;Dej ePg . pk;efklt
/ dxfdGqL dgf]gogsf] k|:tfj ;efkltn] b'O{ dlxgfs} aLrdf Nofpg' eof] . t/, 5nkmn
x'Fb} ubf{ ;j{;Ddlt x'g ;s]g . ;efklt Toltv]/} lg0f{o ug]{ kIfdf x'g'x'GYof],
Tof] lbgsf] b[Zo clxn] klg dnfO{ ofb 5 . k|:tfj kf; jf km]n ePklg lg0f{o ug]{
kIfd} ;efklt x'g'x'GYof] . t/, clxn] cNkdt / ax'dt u/fP/ lg0f{odf k'Ug'eGbf
s]xL ;do s'/]/ ePklg ;j{;Ddlts} lg0f{o ug{' 7Ls xf] eGg] ToxfF ;a}sf] ;'emfa
cfof] . To;n] ubf{ w]/} dlxgfkl5 dfq xfdLn] Tof] kfl/t ug{ ;Sof}F . ;j{;Ddltn]
ePklg To;n] ljwfg pNn+3g ug]{ af6f] vf]lnlbof] . xfd|f] lgot ;kmf / ;sf/fTds
lyof], kf6L{sf s]G›df „'jLs/0f gxf];\ eGg] lyof] . t/, ck;f]r To;n] ljwfg
pNn+3gsf] af6f] vf]lnlbof] . lhNnf, ufpF, If]qLo ;ldlt;lxt b'O{ dlxgfleq
kf6L{sf ;a} ;+/rgfnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg'kg]{df gu/] klg x'g]h:tf] cj:yf l;h{gf
u/fOof] .
To;n] cGo kIfdf klg pNn+3gsf]
9f]sf vf]ln lbof] . To;}n] cfhsf lbgdf pleP/ ;dLIff ub}{ubf{ gofF ljwfg ;+zf]wg
k|lqmof rNb} ubf{ ljutsf oL tLtf] cj:yfaf6 ;a}n] l;Sg}kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] Jofjxfl/s
¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] s'/f ljwfgdf n]vf}F, ug{ g;lsg] s'/f n]Vb} gn]vf}F, t/
n]v]sf s'/fnfO{ cIf/zM kfngf u/f}F .
s]G›Lo ;ldlt / dxflwj]zgsf]
aGb ;qdf klg d]/f] hf]8 o;}df x'g]5 . kf6L{leqsf] d]nldnfkdfly ;a}n] hf]8
lbg'k5{ eGg]df b'O{dt 5}g . d"n s'/f, ljwfgsf] ;jf]{kl/tf / xfdLnfO{
dxflwj]zgn] b]vfPsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog xf] . dxflwj]zgaf6 gofF g]t[Tj
rog ePs} lbgb]lv ljwfg / gLltnfO{ d"ndGq 7fg]/ To;nfO{ oxL g} d]/f] ;Ldf
xf], d]/f] bfloTj xf], d]/f] clwsf/ / st{Jo xf] eGg] 7fg]/ To;nfO{ cIf/zM kfngf
ug]{ g]t[Tj rog x'g'k5{ .
ldnfpg] gfddf ljlw ldlrof]
;+u7g ;~rfngsf] ljifo,
;+:yfut ljsf; ug]{ ljifo / kf6L{nfO{ k4ltut kf6L{sf ¿kdf :yflkt ug]{ ljifodf
rflxF xfdL ;a}n] Vofn ug{'k5{ . ;fy}, dxflwj]zgaf6 kfl/t gLlt / sfo{qmddf sltko
sfd Ps dlxgfleq ug]{, sltko b'O{ dlxgfleq ug]{, sltko ^ dlxgfleq ug]{ eg]/
n]lvPsf 5g\ . tL sfd klg xfdLn] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;s]gf}F . ljutdf gLlt sfo{qmd
agfpFbf, 3f]if0ffkq n]Vbf xfdLn] ug{ g;Sg] ljifo efjgfdf cfP/ n]Vg], t/
sfof{Gjog gug]{ a8f] tLtf] cg'ej /Xof] . !# cf}F dxflwj]zgsf] k"j{;GWofdf
ljwfg ;+zf]wg / kfl/t ub}{ubf{, gofF gLlt sfo{qmd agfpFb} ubf{ sfof{Gjogd'vL
sfd dfq n]vf}F, n]v]sf s'/fnfO{ h;/L x'G5 kfngf u/f}F .
kf6L{ kfFrjif{df o:tf] ljlw /
ljwfgljk/Lt lxF8\g'sf] lhDd]jf/L ;efkltn] lng'k5{ . ;efklt;Fu} pk;efklt tyf
;dfgfGt/ ;efklt ;a}n] lhDdf lng'k5{ . kf6L{nfO{ Pstfa4 agfP/ lxF8fpg'kg]{
xfd|f] afWotf lyof] . ldnfpg' ;sf/fTds / /fd|f] s'/f xf] . gldnfPsf] eP /fli6«o
/fhgLltdf olQsf] k|efj klg gb]lvg] vt/f lyof] . t/, ldnfpg] ;Gbe{df obfsbf
ljlwljwfgnfO{ klg pNn+3g u/]/ /fhgLlts ;xdlt / ;dembf/L agfpg] gfddf xfdLn]
r':t / k|efjsf/L kl/rfng / kf6L{ Joj:yfkg ug{ g;s]sf] ljifodf xfdLn] ;dLIff
ug}{k5{ . ldnfpg] gfddf kf6L{nfO{ ;+:yfut af6f]df lnP/ hfg] jt{dfg ;efkltsf]
klxn]b]lvsf] k|oTg lyof] . t/, To;af6 eg]h:tf] kl/0ffd lg:sg ;s]g . o;nfO{
;efklt / jl/i7 g]tfn] klg …l/onfOhÚ ug{'k5{ . s]G›Lo ;ldltdf ePsf xfdLn] klg
of] ljifodf …l/onfOhÚ ug{'k5{ .
s:tf] gLlt, s:tf] g]t[Tj <
ljwfg agfpg] ;ldlt 5,
d:of}bfsf ¿kdf ;+zf]wg k|:tfj p;n] NofpFb} ubf{ To;df xfdLn] k|r'/ ;do lbg'k5{
. s]G›Lo ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Ln] 5nkmnsf nflu k|r'/ ;do lbP/, ulxl/P/ cWoog u/]/
b[li6sf]0f lbg ;Sg'k5{ . gLlt / sfo{qmd agfpg] csf]{ ;ldltn] klg ;do lbg'k5{ /
xfdLn] klg of]ubfg ug{'k5{ . !# cf}F dxflwj]zgnfO{ ;kmn agfpg xfdLn] ;+:yfut
of]ubfg lbg'k5{ . clxn] klg ;+:yfut sfd st} a]jfl/;] x'g] kf] xf] ls ljwfg
agfpg] s'/fdf xfd|f] Wofg gk'Ug] kf] xf] ls eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . oltv]/ xfd|f
;fyLx¿ cfdr'gfjh;/L gLlt / sfo{qmdeGbf JolQmut k|rf/df h'6\g yfNg'ePsf] 5 .
gLlt tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg] ljifodf xfd|f] of]ubfg gk'Ug] / dxflwj]zgnfO{
k|efjsf/L / ;dofg's"n agfpg] ;+:yfut bfloTjaf6 r'Sg] xf] ls eGg] eo klg
plQs} 5 . l;+uf] s]G›Lo ;ldlt tof/L ;ldlt klg xf] . To;}sf/0f dxf;ldlt ;b:o;Dd
Ps cjlw gn8] x'g] ;'ljwf lbOPsf] 5 . o;sf] dtna dxflwj]zg tof/Ldf h'6, of]ubfg
u/ . tof/Ln] ubf{ a'y / lgjf{rg If]qdf hfg ;Sb}gf} eg] ToxfFaf6 lgjf{lrt
x'g}kg]{ afWotf 5}g . otf ;do b]pm eg]/ r'gfj gn8Lsg} dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw ag]/
cfpg ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] xf] .
t/, clxn]sf] ultljlw /
bf}8w'k b]Vbf xfdL km]l/ klg ;+:yfut sfddf of]ubfg ug{af6 eflu/x]sf 5f}F ls ;do
lbg g;ls/x]sf kf] xf}F ls eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;+:yfut lx;fan] dxflwj]zg ;kmn
u/fpg]eGbf xfdLn] JolQmut lx;fan] r'gfj lhTg] Pp6f cleofgsf ¿kdf dfq} lnof}F
eg] !# cf}F dxflwj]zgnfO{ ;kmn agfpg s;n] lbg] ;+:yfut of]ubfg < c¿ sf]xL
sxLFaf6 cfP/ t lbg] xf]Og, of]ubfg lbg] / ug]{ t xfdLn] g} xf] . o:tf]df d
cfkm"nfO{ klg 7"nf] lrGtf 5 . kbflwsf/L, s]G›Lo ;b:o, cfdlGqt ;b:o
;a}n] dxflwj]zgnfO{ ljlwsf] lx;fan] eJo agf];\, gLltsf] lx;fan] klg eJo
agf]:f\, lxhf]sf] lbgnfO{ ;dLIff ub}{ cfhsf lbgdf 7Ls af6f] klxNofpg] lx;fan]
klg o;nfO{ ;xL 6«ofsaf6 lxF8fpg ;sf}F . xfd|f] Wofg otflt/ klg s]lG›t x'g'k5{ .
gLlt, sfo{qmd / Ph]G8f
;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 5,
;+ljwfgdf uf}/j ug{'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . a8Kkg b]vfpg] xf]Og, t/ xfdLn] cufl8 a9fPsf
clwsf+z d'2f g} ;+ljwfgdf :yflkt ePsf 5g\ . rfx] Tof] zf;sLo :j¿k xf];\ of /fHo
k'g;{+/rgfsf] ljifo xf]:f\, Gofok|0ffnL xf];\ cyjf lgjf{rg k|0ffnL g} lsg
gxf]:f\, lxhf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ljjflbt d"n ljifox¿ klxnf] /
bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;ef r'gfjsf] xfd|f] 3f]if0ffkqdf ;d]l6Psf xfd|f gLlt tyf
sfo{qmddf cfwfl/t eP/ cfPsf 5g\ . ;fgf ljifodf xfdLn] …sDk|f]dfOhÚ u/] klg
d"n ¿kdf xfd|f ljifo :yflkt ePsf 5g\ . !# cf}F dxflwj]zg cfof]hgf ub}{ubf{
xfd|f] g]t[Tjdf hf/L ePsf] ;+ljwfg / xfdLn] jiff}{+b]lv af]s]sf nf]stGqsf d"No
/ dfGotfnfO{ k|ltljlDat ug]{ ;+ljwfg xf] of] . o;n] b]zsf] Pstf, ;b\efj,
/fli6«o cv08tf, /fli6«o PstfnfO{ ;d]t k|ltljlDat u5{ . To;}n] klg of]
;+ljwfgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ljifo casf] dxflwj]zgsf] d"n Ph]G8f aGg'k5{ .
xfdLn] casf lbgdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] k'g;{+/rgf ug{'kg]{5 . :yfgLo lgsfo /
k|b]zx¿sf] lgjf{rg ug{'kg]{5 . ;+3Lotf;Fu} of] klg cfOxfN5 . To;}n] of]
;+ljwfgnfO{ k"0f{tM sfof{Gjog ug]{, ;+ljwfg cgs'n P]g lgdf{0f ug]{, cfpg]
:yfgLo ;+3Lo lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ / o;df cfˆgf] bnnfO{ ljhoL u/fpg] ljifo xfd|f]
casf] Ph]G8f aGg'k5{ .
;+ljwfg t hf/L eof] . ca
o;sf] sfof{Gjog ub}{ b]znfO{ ;d[l4sf] lbzfdf cl3 a9fpg'k5{ . b]zsf] cy{tGqnfO{
s;/L ;'b[9 ug]{, a]/f]huf/L ;d:of s;/L xn ug]{ eGg] ljifodf xfdLn] ca k|:6 gLlt
to ug{' cfjZos 5 . pmhf{zLn o'jf hgzlQm aflxl/g' kg]{ cj:yf cGTo u/L b]zleq}
/f]huf/L lbP/ p;sf] >d / kl;gfn] cfˆg} b]z l;l~rt ug]{ af6f] klxNofpg]
lbzfdf xfd|f gLlt / sfo{qmd nlIft x'g'k5{ .
oltv]/ l5d]sL /fi6«;Fu xfd|f]
;DaGw lau|]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ klg ;'wfg{' 5 . cGt/fli6«o d~rdf g]kfnsf] ul/dfnfO{ ;'wf/
ug{'kg]{ ;jfn 5 . lx+;fTds åGånfO{ zflGtdf ¿kfGt/0f ub}{ ;+ljwfg hf/L ul/of] .
o;n] /fli6«o JolQmTj lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . ca o:tf] JolQmTjnfO{ cGt/fli6«o d~rdf
phfu/ ug{' xfd|f] k|fyldstf aGg'k5{ . g]kfnn] zflGt sfod u/]sf] 5, gofF ;+ljwfg
hf/L u/]sf] 5, ;xdlt / nf]stGqsf]
/fhgLltnfO{ cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] JolQmTjnfO{ phfu/ ug{' xfd|f]
dxflwj]zgsf] d"ne"t Ph]G8f aGg'k5{ . sf+u|]; g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] bn ePsfn] xfd|f] dxflwj]zgn] /fli6«o /fhgLltnfO{ k|efljt u5{ g} .
To;}n] log} d"n ljifodf s]lG›t eP/ xfd|f gLlt tyf sfo{qmd aGg'k5{ . -kf08]
sf+u|]; s]G›Lo ;b:o tyf ;f+;b x'Gf\_
— gofF klqsfjf6
df]km;n kqsfl/tf
ahf/ x]/]/
;~rf/dfWod :yfkgf ug{'kg{] xf]
u0f]zbQ e§
-k|ltlglw_
sf/f]jf/ /fli6«o b}lgs,
s~rgk'/
tkfO+{sf] k'/f
kl/ro kfpF g <
— u0f]zbQ e§ . :yfoL 7]ufgf
emnf/L lkknf8L gu/kflnsf–! u0f]zk'/ s~rgk'/df k5{ . xfn dx]Gb|gu/sf] /]l8of]
dxfsfnL, cleofg b}lgs / sf7df08f}+af6 k|sflzt x'g] sf/f]jf/ /fli6«o b}lgsdf
cfj4 eP/ sfd ul//x]sf] 5'F .
slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf
nfu]sf] <
— @)^@ ;fnb]lv kqsfl/tf l;Sg
;'? u/]sf] x'F . klqsfdf g]kfnL 6fOlkª / klqsf l8hfOgsf] sfd ub{} d kqsfl/tf
If]qdf k|j]z u/] . clxn] d klqsf l8hfOg, ;dfrf/ ;+sng, ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbg nufotsf
sfd ul//x]sf] 5'F . ;dfrf/ n]Vg l;Sg yfn]kl5 clxn];Ddsf] cjlw !) jif{ k'Uof] .
s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{
?rfpg' x'G5 <
— ;'b"/klZrddf /x]sf
klqsfdf Pp6f JolQmn] w]/} lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{'kg{] ePsfn] klqsf / /]l8of]sf]
;dfrf/nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg ;a} If]qnfO{ ;d]6\g' k5{ . t/klg, lzIff / cfly{s
ljifodf n]Vg a9L ?rfpF5' .
df]km;ndf a;]/ kqsfl/tf ug{
lgs} ;d:of 5 eG5g lg Û
— kqsfl/tf g} ug{] xf] eg]/
;d:ofeGbf ;Defjgfsf] lx;fa lstfj a9L ug{'k5{ . ;dfrf/ sd{eGbf rf]sdf a;]/ ukm
ub{} kqsf/ x'F eGg]x?n] ;d:ofnfO{ a9L k|rf/ ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf] cy{
kqsfl/tfdf ;d:of g} 5}g eGg] klg xf]Og . ;d:of
x/]s If]qdf x'G5g\ . ;d:of x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;s]hlt ;dfwfg ub{} ;DefjgfnfO{
a9L Wofg lbg'k5{ . kqsf/sf] bIftf / Ifdtfsf cfwf/df p;dfly cfpg] ;d:ofsf] dfqf
sd–a9L x'G5 . t;y{, bIftf / Ifdtf a9fpglt/ a9L Wofg lbg'k5{ . h] ubf{ klg
kqsfl/tfdf ;d:of g} b]lvG5 eg] ;dfhdf c? y'k|} k]zf 5g\ . c? k]zflt/ uP/ klg
/fd|f] ug{ ;lsG5 .
kqsfl/tf k]zfdf nfu]/ s] s]
;d:of ef]Ug' kbf]{ /x]5 <
— kqsfl/tf k]zfdf ug{'kg{]
sfdnfO{ d ;d:of eGb}g . klqsfsf] sfd ubf{ slxn]sfxLF /flt !@ ah];Dd klg sfd
ug{'k5{ . t/, d To;nfO{ ;d:ofsf] ?kdf a'em\b}g . klqsfsf] sfdsf] k|s[lt g} /flt
sfd ug{' xf] . ;dod} kfl/>lds gkfpg] cj:yf x'G5 . To;nfO{ slxn]sfxL Jojyfkg
ug{'k5{ . t/, l9nf] ePklg d]x]gt u/]/ sfd u/]kl5 kfl/>lds ldlnxfN5 . d}n]
u/]sf] sfdaf6 klqsf ;~rfnsnfO{ kmfObf eP kf] d}n] k};f kfpg] xf] . t;y{, d}n]
kqsfl/tfsf] d"No dfGotfleq /x]/ klqsfnfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] sfd ug{'k5{ . w]/}
d]x]gt ubf{ klg kfl/>lds glbg] ;~rfns;Fu sfd gu/] eof] . ;'b"/klZrd
nufot cGo If]qdf cem}+ klg bIf kqsf/sf] cefj 5 . kfl/>lds ldNg] ;~rf/dfWoddf
uP/ >d a]Rg ;lsG5 . sfd ug{ g;Sg] s'/f] dfq} ug{] kqsf/n] t ;of}+ ;d:of
b]vfpg ;Snfg\ . kqsf/n] ;d:ofleq klg ;Defjgf vf]Hg'k5{ . Pp6f s'/f] rflxF s]
xf] eg] kqsfl/tfdf a;]/ Aofkf/Ln] h:t} k};f sdfpg ;lsFb}g . t/, ;fdfGo hLjg
lgjf{x ug{ kqsfl/tfsf] sdfO{n] k'U5 .
df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf
;d:ofx? s] s] x'g nfU5 <
— c?leqsf] sdLsdhf]/L, uNtL
sf]6\ofpg], cfkm"leqsf] sdL gb]Vg] . kqsf/n] cfkm\gf nflu ;d]t ;f]Rg'k5{ .
d}n] cfkm"nfO{ ;'wfg{, Ifdtf / bIftf a9fpg s] ug{] < eg]/ ;f]Wg'k5{ .
/, of]hgf agfpFb} cfkm"nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ . df]km;naf6 kqsfl/tf ;'? u/]/
/fd|f] :yfgdf k'u]sf kqsf/ klg w]/} 5g\ . t;y{, 1fg, ;Lk / Ifdtf a9fpFb}
cfkm"nfO{ :yflkt u/fpg ;lsG5 . ;d:of hk]/ sxL k'luFb}g .
5fkf / laB'tLo ;~rf/dfWoddf
sfd ub}{ x'g'xG5 s:tf] nfUb}5 <
— b'a} vfn] ldl8ofdf ul/g]
;dfrf/ sd{ g} xf] . t/, ;dfrf/sf] k|:t'tLs/0fdf leGgtf x'G5 . lk|G6df lj:t[t
;dfrf/ lbg'k5{, On]S6«f]lgsdf hfgsf/Ld"ns ;dfrf/ a9L x'G5g\ . /]l8of]df
lj:t[t ;dfrf/ lbg ljz]if sfo{qmd g} agfP/ ;~rfng ug{'k5{ . klqsfsf] ljt/0fdf
x'g] sdLsf sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0f / u|fdL0f If]qdf /]l8of]sf] k|efj a9L k/]sf] x'G5 .
t/, ;/sf/L lgsfo / ;b/d'sfd If]qdf kqklqsfsf] klg k|efj x'G5 .
s~rgk'/df a;]/ kqsfl/tf ub}{
x'g'xG5, g]kfn ef/t l;df If]qsf] lhNnf klg xf], kl5Nnf] cj:yfdf cfd gful/ssf]
g]kfn ef/t ;DaGwk|lt s:tf] wf/0ff kfpg' ePsf] 5 <
— ;j{;fwf/0f:t/df cfd
gful/ssf] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ g} 5 . ef/tLo gful/ssf nflu ;d]t g]kfnL;Fusf] ;DaGw
cTofjZos 5 . t;y{, g]kfn–ef/tsf zf;slar ePsf] ljjfbn] cfdgful/ssf] ;DaGwdf
k|efj kf/]sf] 5}g . t/, ;Ldf If]qdf /x]sf ef/tLo ;/sf/L lgsfosf sd{rf/L /
k|ltlglwn] g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;do–;dodf b'Mv lbg] u/]sf 5g\ .
df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWod /
;~rf/sdL{sf lk8f p:t} x'g ls km/s 5g h:tf] nfU5 tkfO{nfO{ <
— ;~rfnsn] klqsf / /]l8of]sf]
ahf/ x]/]/ ;~rf/dfWod :yfkgf ug{'kg{] xf] . h'g dfqfdf kqklqsf / /]l8of] v'n]sf
5g\, o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] ;~rf/dfWodsf kL8f 5}gg\ . ;fFRr} kL8f x'Gy] eg] olt
w]/} ;~rf/dfWod lsg v'Ny] < ;~rf/dfWodsf] Joj;fo t km:6fO/x]sf] 5, To;}n] t
w]/} v'ln/x]sf 5g\, nufgL eO/x]sf] 5 . kL8f x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;~rf/dfWod v'ln/x]sf
5g\ eg] To;af/] ;~rf/dfWodsf ;~rfnsn] eGg ;Snfg\, dnfO{ hfgsf/L ePg .
;~rf/dfWod a9L v'Ng' ;~rf/sdL{sf nflu
/fd|f] xf] . Pp6fn] kfl/>lds / ;]jf;'ljwf /fd|f] glbP csf{]n] /fd|f]
lbg ;S5 . k|lt:kwf{ a9\5 . h;n] ubf{ ;~rf/sdL{n] >dsf] d"No /fd|f]
kfpF5 .
df]km;n kqsf/x?sf ;d:of
;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ <
— sltko If]qdf ;~rf/sdL{n]
tf]lsPsf] kfl/>lds ;dod} gkfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . To;sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]
>dhLlj kqsf/ P]gsf] sfof{Gjog s8fO{sf ;fy ug{'k5{ . ;~rf/dfWod ;~rfnssf]
kmfObfsf nflu ;/sf/L lj1fkgsf] ;dfg ljt/0f x'g] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ . ;/sf/L lj1fkg
/fli6«o klqsf cyf{t\ sf7df08f}+ s]Gb|Lt ul/Fbf df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ufx|f]
ePsf] 5 .
lo ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu kqsf/
dxf;+3n] s] kxn ul//x]sf] 5 <
— kqsf/sf] lxtsf nflu kqsf/
dxf;+3n] ul//x]sf] kxnsf] k|efj s]xL klg b]lvPsf] 5}g . cfkm\gf cf;]kf;]nfO{
k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug{], kbflwsf/L / ;b:on] ljleGg lgsfodf ;DaGw :yflkt ub{}
JolQmut nfe lng] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;n] ;a} kqsf/nfO{ kmfObf k'u]sf] b]lvFb}g
. kqsf/ dxf;+3n] >dhLlj kqsf/ P]gsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|efjsf/L
e"ldsf v]Ng ;s]sf] 5}g .
tkfOs+f] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s]
xf] <
— ;dfhaf6 n's]sf / n'sfpg
vf]lhPsf ;"rgfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug{' g} kqsfl/tf xf] . kqsfl/tf ubf{ kqsf/ / ;~rf/dfWodsf]
e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . kqsfl/tf kf/blz{tfsf] dxTjk"0f{ c+u klg
xf] .
t/ clxn] t ;~rf/sdL{x? lbgx'F
ab\gfldt eO{/x]sf] cj:yf 5, ;dfrf/d} df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{, u}/ sfg'gL lqmofsnfkx?
ug]{ h:tf cf/f]kx? nfUg yfn]sf 5g, s] eGg' x'G5 <
— unt sfd gul/sg} s;}nfO{
ab\gfd ug{' x'Fb}g . t/, kqsfl/tfsf] cfwf/e"t dfGotf ljkl/t s;}n] sfd u5{
eg] Tof] kqsf/ xf]Og . ck/fw ug{] dgf]j[lQsf dflg; x/]s If]qdf x'G5g\,
kqsfl/tfdf klg To:tf JolQm x'g ;S5g\ . o;nfO{ cGoyf lng' x'Fb}g . kqsfl/tfn] ;a}nfO{
lgoGq0fdf /fVg klg ;Sb}g . t/, sd{ cg';f/sf] kmn ;a}n] ef]Ug'k5{, Ps g Ps lbg
unt ug{] dflg; ;fj{hlgs eOxfN5 .
cGTodf s]xL eGg dg nfu]sf] 5
<
— ;~rf/dfWod / ;~rf/sdL{n]
kqsfl/tfsf ;DefjgfnfO{ k|rf/ ug{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'k5{ . kqsfl/tfdf lg/fzf
km}nfpg] sfd dfq} eof] eg] kqsfl/tfn] ljsf;sf] af6f] lng ;Sb}g . df]km;nsf]
kqsfl/tfdf ;'wf/ ug{'kg{] / ljsf; ug{'kg{] w]/} s'/f 5g\, To;df ;a}n]
cf–cfkm\gf] If]qaf6 e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'k5{ . o;n] ;du| kqsfl/tf / kqsf/nfO{
nfe k'¥ofpg] 5 . ;d:of, kL8f / gsf/fTdstfn] xfdLnfO{ cufl8 a9\gaf6 /f]ls/xg] 5
.
nf]s;]jfsf] tof/Lsf nflu
pkof]uL
!= lj; @)&@
;fnsf] nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] ÚkB>L k'/:sf/Ú k|fKt ug]{ ;h{sx¿ sf] sf] x'g <
— pk]Gb ;'Aaf / df]xg d}gfnL
@= …Ps ca{ ko{6s M Ps ca{
cj;/Ú eGg] gf/f ;lxt ;g\ @)!% df dgfOPsf] ljZj ko{6g lbjz sltcf}+ xf] <
— #^ cf+}
#= k6s k6s u/L xfn;Dd
cGtl/Ifdf ;a}eGbf a9L cjlw latfpg] /l;og
cGtl/If ofqL …h]Ggf8L kf8fNsfÚ n] slt cjlwsf] /]s8{ agfPsf 5g <
— &( lbg
$= o;jif{ @)&@ df g]kfn
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|lti7fgn] k|bfg ug]{ …lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f k'/:sf/Ú s:n]
k|fKt u/]sf 5g <
— k|fWofks 8f= xl/b]j kGt
%= g]kfnL n3'ljQsf lktf
dflgg] g]kfn /fli6«o a}Ísf k"j{ 8]k'l6 ue{g/ 8f= xl/b]j kGtsf] lgwg slxn]
eof] <
— lj; @)&@ ebf} @! ut]
^= lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no
sf7df08f}n] …l8lh6n l8:Kn]Ú k|0ffnLsf] ;'¿jft slxn]b]lv u¥of] < — lj=;+= @)&@ ebf} @@ ut]af6
&=g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfndf
slxn]b]lv smart driving licence lbg z'¿ u/]sf] xf] <
— lj; @)&@ dl;/ !$ ut]
*= @)&! c;f]h $ df
g]kfndf ;j{k|yd glb ;Dd]ng sxfF ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] <
— sflnu08sL glb lsgf/df
(= kfZrfTo /fhgLltsf sf}l6No
egL s;nfO{ lrlgG5 <
— d]lsofa]nL
!)= If]qkmnsf lx;fan] ljZjs}
;fgf] /fi6« s'g xf] <
— Eofl6sg l;6L -o'/f]k_
!!= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf w]/}
j0f{dfnf ePsf] efiff s'g xf] <
— lrlgofF
!@= ;flxTodf ;j{k|yd gf]an
k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ dlxnfsf] x'g\ <
— ;]Ndfnfu/nf]km -l:j8]g_
!#= s'g j}1flgsnfO Father of Science
eg]/ lrlgG5 <
— cNa6{ cfOG:6fOg
!$= s'g u|xnfO{ /ftf] u|x egL
lrlgG5 <
— dËn u|x
!%= Eofu't] /f]u, nx/] vf]sL
/ wg'i6Íf/ lj?4 lbOg] EoflS;g s'g xf] <
— DPT
!^= aËnfb]zsf] d'›fnfO{ 9fsf
elgG5 eg] e'6fgsf] d'›fnfO{ s] elgG5 <
— g]u'N6"d
!&= kfls:tfgsL k|yd dlxnf
k|wfgdGqL sf] x'g\ <
— a]lglh/ e'§f]
!*= …k|ltzf]w lngsf nflu
dflg;x?n] lat]sf] v/faL lt/ Wofg glbP/ efjL c;n sfo{ lt/ Wofg lbg'k5{ .Ú eGg]
ljrf/s sf] x'g\ <
— yf]d; xA;
!(= a]nfotaf6 k|sfzg x'g] b
kmfOgflG;on 6fOd sf] ;xk|sfzg b a}Í/n] o; aif{sf] pTs[i6 cy{dGqLsf] ;Ddfg
s;nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 <
— k"j{ cy{dGqL 8f=
/fdz/0f dxt
@)= FNCCI sf]
k'/f ?k s] xf] <
— Federation of
Nepalese Chamber of commerce and Industries.
@!= k|l;4 ;dfh;]jL t'n;L
d]x/åf/f hgr]tgf hufpg] p2]Zosf ;fy ;~rfng
ul/Psf] rvf{ k|rf/ gfds cleofgdf /f]s nufpg] /f0ff k|wfgdGqL sf] x'g\
<
— eLd ;dz]/
@@= /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*
cg';f/ g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof a[l4b/ slt /x]sf] 5 <
— !=#% k|ltzt
@#= cf}Bf]lus qmflGtsf]
;'?jft s'g b]zaf6 ePsf] xf] <
— a]nfot
@$= ev{/} @$ ;]K6Da/, @)!% df
;fpbL c/]ljofsf] dSsf zx/df ltyf{6gdf uPsf slthgf xhofqLx¿sf] b'vb lgwg ePsf]
lyof] <
— &!& hgf
;|f]t ;+sns M /fd lai6
;flxTo÷;[hgf
zflGtsf] bLk
aln/xf];\
laGtL u5'{ d}n]
ljb|f]xsf] cUgL
slxNo} gkm}lnof];\
x/]ssf] dgdf a'4n]
af; ub}{ zflGt km}lnof];\
lbbL–alxgL bfh'–efO ;a}n]
d]/f] laGtL ;'lglbg'
af;gfo'St km"nsf] dfnf
Pstfdf plglbg'
t]/f]d]/f] eGg] efj
;a}sf] dgaf6 6fF9f /fv]/
a;f}+ ca
czflGtsf] hfnf] ;a} d]6]/
of] b]zsf] dfof af]s]/
xfdL ;a} afFRg'k5{
cGofo cTofrf/ ug]{
la?4 n8\g'k5{
laGtL u5'{ x}
lab|f]xsf] cUgL
slxNo} gkm}lnof];\
x/]ssf] dgdf
zflGtsf] bLk aln/xf];\ .
c?0faxfb'/ vqL ægbLÆ
l;of]sf] 6'Kkf]n]
l;of]sf] 6'Kkf]n]
;os8f PSrfln;sf] Aofh
sltGh]n l;p5; <
RofltPsf] efË|f] 6fn]/
of] gfËf] cfsfz sltGh]n
cf]85; <
cftsf] Kof; d]6fpg
pwf/f] g'gsf] emf]n sltGh]n
lkp5; <
hf lav]{ bdfO{ hf
;a}n] b]Vg] u/L em'lG8P/ d/
d'QmL kfp5; of] ;fdGt ;do;+u
;~hgf v8\sf
n]Vg hflGbgF d
n]Vg hflGbgF d
s]lx efjgfx? hGdG5g\ zAb alg
af]Ng hflGbgF d
s]lx zAbx? x's{G5g\ pb\uf/
alg
dfof ug{ hflGbgF d
kl/efiff dfq vf]tN5' zAbx?
vgL
ltd|f] x'g ;lSbgF d
dfof dfq u5{' s]jn ltd|f] alg
lhGbuLsf] d'No hflGbgF d
ljåfgx?;+u af]N5'
;f/ e]l6PnfgL egL
/fte/ tf/f uG5' d
e]l6G5sL sf]lx cfˆgf]
lj/xsf] syf alg
lg;f s]=;L=
-e§/fO{_
sf7df08f}+
;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg
dfnkf]t sfof{no, 8f]6Lsf] hUuf gfd;f/L ;DjlGw #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sfl;t ldlt M @)&@÷!)÷^ ut]
;fljs 8f]6L ;/:jtLgu/ ufla; j8f g+= $, xfn dx]Gb|gu/
gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ! a:g] s0f{jxfb'/ ld:qLsL kTgL nIdLb]jL ld:qLn] d]/f] b]p/fgL
gftf kg]{ sdnfb]jL sfdLsf] ldlt @)&)÷!!÷!% ut] d'To' ePsf] / lghsf] klt
ulDe/ la=s=sf] klg ldlt @)&@÷@÷$ ut] df d[To' ePsf], sdnfb]jL sfdLsf]
5f]/f5f]/L ;Gtfg s]xL gePsf]n] ck'tfnL k/]sf] x'Fbf d[ts sdnfb]jL sfdLsf] gfpdf
btf{ ePsf] 8f]6L ;/:jtLgu/ ufla; j8f g+= $ sf] ls=g++ *), *!, !)! sf] hUufsf]
xsbf/ d]/f] klt s0f{jxfb'/ ld:qL ePsf]df d]/f] klt s0f{jxfb'/ ld:qLsf] klg ldlt
@)^#÷!@÷$ df d[To' ePsfn] To;kl5sf] ;jeGbf glhssf] xsbf/ d b]p/fgL gftf kg]{
nIdLb]jL ld:qL dfq ePsLn] d[ts sdnfb]jL sfdLsf] gfdsf] hUuf d]/f] gfpdf Psnf}6L
gfd;f/L u/L kfpF egL o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbPsLn] sdnfb]jL sfdLsf] d[To' ePsf]
xf] xf]O{g, d[ts sdnfb]jL sfdLsf] s'g} 5f]/f5f]/L ;Gtfgx? 5g 5}gg\, ck'tfnL
k/]sf] xf] xf]O{g d[ts sdnfb]jL sfdLsf] gfdsf] hUufsf] xsbf/ nIdLb]jL ld:qL
jfx]s c? sf]xL 5g jf 5}gg\, pQm hUufdf c? s;}sf] xsbfjL nfUg] eP jf lgj]bsn]
dfu u/] adf]lhd gfd;f/L gx'g] s'g} sf/0f ePdf of] ;"rgf k|sfl;t ePsf]
ldltn] #% lbgleq ;j't k|df0f ;d]t /fvL xsbfjL ug'{ xf]nf . Dofbleq s'g} s;}sf]
xsbfjL ph'/ jfh'/ gu/]df sfg'g adf]lhd
eO{ hfg] Joxf]/f ;d]t o;} ;"rgfåf/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
jN8{ lehg cGt/fli6«o g]kfn 8f]6L, ;dfg kx'Fr lasf;
s]Gb| -l;8_ g]kfn, lhNnf jfn sNof0f ;ldlt / laDa g]kfnL ;fKtflxsåf/f hf/L
afn ;+/If0f ;Gb]z
ufpF jfnclwsf/
;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
• ;DalGwt uflj;df ljz]if x]/rfx / ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf ePsf afnaflnsfsf]
tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug]{, cBfjlws ug]{ / lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltdf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ .
• ufpFdf afnaflnsfsf If]qdf sfo{/t ;+3;+:yf, afnSna÷d~r÷;d"x, afn;+/If0f
;ldlt, Kof/flnun sldl6nufotsf lgsfox¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg]{ / o:tf lgsfox¿;Fu
cfjZos ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ u/L afnclwsf/sf] ;Dj4{gfTds / ;+/If0ffTds sfo{x¿ ug]{
u/fpg] .
• afnaflnsfsf If]qdf :yfgLo cfjZostf klxrfg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfox¿,
ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t sfo{j|mdx¿sf] th'{df /
sfof{Gjog u/fpg cfjZos ;dGjo ug]{, afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{j|mdsf] /]vb]v /
lg/LIf0f ug]{ .
• afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf lgldQ r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ .
• :yfgLo ;+3;+:yfnfO{ afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfo{ ug{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ . sfo{j|mdsf]
;~rfng ug{sf nflu cfjZos k/fdz{, ;'emfj tyf lgb]{zg lbg] .
• afnclwsf/ xggsf ;DaGwdf cfPsf ph'/Lx¿nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf l;kmfl/z u/L
k7fpg] Pjd\ To:tf ph'/L pk/ ;dGjosf/L
e'ldsf lgjf{x ul/lbg] .
• cfjZostf cg';f/ afnaflnsfsf lgldQ cfsl:ds ;xof]usf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
• afn;+/If0fsf ljifodf jsfnt ug]{ / lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltnfO{ afn;+/If0fdf
k|efjsf/L x'g] d2t ug]{ .
• uflj;÷gu/kflnsfdf afnaflnsf ;DaGwL ;DkGg sfo{j|md sfof{Gjogsf] k|ult k]z
ug]{ .
