बिम्ब नेपाली साप्ताहिक, मिति २०७२ साल माघ ५ गते मंगलवार

d'Vo ;dfrf/

cj cfly{s qmlGt ug'{ k5{–dGqL dfgjL

g]kfn ;/sf/sf kz'k+IfL lasf; dGqL zfGtf dfgjLn] nfdf] /fhgLlts qmflGtkl5 b]zdf 7'nf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g ePsf]n] cj cfly{s qmflGtlt/ nfUg' kg]{ jtfPsL 5g .

;"b'/klZrdsf laleGg lhNnfx?sf] cg'udg ug]{ qmddf ;f]djf/ 8f]6L k'u]sL dGqL dfgjLsf] :jfutdf g]skf Pdfn] 8f]6Låf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf jf]Nb} pgn] gofF ;+lawfgn] ;j} ju{, lnË, hftL, If]q, ;d'bfosf clwsf/x? gofF ;+lawfgdf pNn]v ePsf] jtfpFb} hgtfn] ;+a}wflgs clwsf/ k|fKt ug{sf nflu cfly{s qmflGt ug'{ kg]{ jtfO{g . …hgtfn] clwsf/ kfpg] lx;fjn] x]bf{ of] ;+lawfg laZjs} pTs[i7 ;+lawfg jg]sf] 5Ú dGqL dfgjLn] elgg\ …t/ of] ;+lawfg sfof{Gjogdf r'gf}tL /x]sf] 5 .Ú k|To]s kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf ;'wf/ eP b]zs} cfly{s cj:yf /fd|f] x'g] jtfpFb} dGqL dfgjLn] elgg\ …To;sf nflu k|To]s kl/jf/ pTkfbgd'vL x'g' h?/L 5 .Ú

gofF ;+lawfgsf] t/fOjf;L clwsf+; hgtfn] klg :jfut u/]sf] jtfpFb} clxn] rln/x]sf] t/fO{ s]lGb|t cfGbf]ngn] ;j]eGbf a9L t/fO{jf;LnfO{ cfqmfGt jgfPsf] dGqL dfgjLn] atfO{g . …d'§Le/sf JolQmx?n] ;~rfng u/]sf] cfGbf]ng l;+uf] dw]zL hgtfsf] cfGbf]ng x'g ;Sb}gÚ pgn] elgg\ …dw]zsf] ;d:of l5§} ;dfwfg x'G5 . ;/sf/ / k|d'v ltg bnx?n] dw]z s]lGb|t bnx?;+u w]/} nrstfsf ;fy jftf{ ul//x]sf dGqLn] dfgjLn] jtfOg .

Pdfn] kf]ln6 Jo"/f] ;b:o ;d]t /x]sL dfgjLn] sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbFb} elgg\ …cj x/]s sfo{stf{ pTkfbgd'vL x'g'k5{ . xfd|f ;j} sld6Lx?, hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?, g]tf sfo{stf{x? pTkfbgd'ns sfddf nfUg'k5{ / ;d'bfonfO{ pTkfbgd'ns sfddf nfUgsf nflu pTk|]l/t ug'{k5{ .Ú cj   /fhgLlts bz{g dfq} jf]s]/ gx'g] jtfpFb} pgn] bz{gsf] ;xL k|of]usf nflu sfo{stf{x? ;lqmo x'g' kg]{ jtfO{g .

jt{dfg dGqLd08nsf] cfsf/ 7'nf] ePsf] eg]/ cfnf]rgf eO{/x]sf] jtfpFb} dGqL dfgjLn] of] laz]if kl/l:yltdf jg]sf] dGqLd08n ePsf sf/0f cfsf/ 7'nf] b]lvPsf] jtfO{g . …o; cl3 klg laz]if kl/l:yltdf jg]sf] ;/sf/x?df dGqLx?sf] ;+Vof clxn]sf] eGbf klg a9L /x]sf] O{ltxf; klg xfd|f ;fd'  /x]sf] jtfO{g . …gofF ;+lawfg sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5, o;sf nflu ;+lawfgsf kIfw/ ;j} bnx?nfO{ ;fydf lnP/ lx8\g' kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5Ú pgn] elgg\ …dGqLx?sf] ;+Vof a9L ePsf sf/0f dGqfno 6'qmfpg' kg]{ jfWotf ePsf] xf] .Ú

cfkm'n] ;Dxfn]sf] kz'k+IfL lasf; dGqfno ls;fgx?sf] cfjZostf ePsf] jtfpFb} dGqL dfgjLn] elgg\ …of] ls;fgx?sf] cfjZostf, o; If]qdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] dfu / o; cl3g} s]Gb| b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd ;+/rgf lgdf{0f eO{;s]sf sf/0f of] dGqfno jgfO{Psf] xf] .Ú dGqL dfgjLn] ;w}{e/L ;'b"/klZrd k5f8L k/]sf] eGg] cfjfhx? pl7/x]sf cfkm'n] b]v]sf] jtfpFb} dGqL dfgjLn] cfkm'n] lhDd]jf/L kfPkl5 klxnf] e|d0f ;'b"/klZrdsf] u/]sf] jtfO{g . …lhDd]jf/Ldf a;]sf] dfG5]n] cfkm\gf] jf/]df ;f]Rg yfNof] eg] sfd ug{ cndn x'G5Ú dGqL dfgjLn] elgg\ …d}n] cfkm\gf nflu s]xL ug'{ kg]{ 5}g, To;}n] d ls;fgsf] lxtdf cfkm\gf] tkm{jf6 s] ug{ ;lsG5 To;df k|ltj4 5' .Ú cfkm'n] lxhf] ;8sdf p7fPsf d'4fx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ 7fpFdf cfkm' k'u]sf] jtfpFb} pgn] elgg\ …d ;w}+e/L dGqL eO{/fVg] xf]Og, To;}n] of] kbdf /x];Dd hlt ;lsG5 /fd|f] ug]{ k|of; u5'{ .Ú

sfo{qmddf ;f+;b uf}/L cf]nLn] cGo If]qdf cj{ jh]6 hfg] 7fpFdf ;'b"/klZrddf s/f]8 dfq} / cGo s/f]8 hfg] 7fpFdf ;'kdf nfv dfq} jh]6 cfpg] k/Dk/fsf] cGTo u/L ;|f]tsf] ;dfg lat/0f ug{ dGqLnfO{ cfu|x ul/g . …xfdLn] k6s k6s s]Gb|df ;'b"/klZrdsf] lasf;sf] nflu cfjfh p7fof}+ t/ xfd|f s'/f s;}n] ;'Gb}gg\Ú pgn] elgg\ …dGqL Ho" cfkm} oxfFsf] cg'udgdf cfpg' ePsf] 5, oxfFsf] cj:yf x]/]/ hfg'xf];\ / otf klg s]xL sfd ul/lbg'xf];\ .

sfo{qmddf Pdfn] cWoIf rqmjxfb'/ dNnn] ut ;fpgdf 8f]6Lsf] 8f}8 / tf]n]gLdf ePsf] af9L klx/f]n] 7'nf] If]lt u/]sf] jtfpFb} o; If]qsf hgtfnfO{ If]ltk'lt{sf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ dfu u/]sf lyP .

;DkfbsLo

cf]nLsf ;o lbg

Pdfn] cWoIf s]kL cf]nLn] k|wfgdGqLsf] kb ;Dxfn]sf] ;f]daf/ !)) lbg k"/f ePsf] 5 . cyf{t\ cf]nL ;/sf/sf] ;'xfu/ft ;lsPsf] 5 . of] cjlwdf cf]nLn] xfl;n u/]sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pknlAw s] xf]nf < pgsf ;a} eGbf sdhf]/L s] xf]nf eg]/ k|f/lDes ;ldIff ug{ ;lsg] 7fpFdf k'luPsf] 5 .

;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ a]nfdf dw]; s]lG›t bnx?n] lj/f]w ul//xFbf cf]nLn] eg]sf lyP, …Pp6f ?vaf6 b'O{rf/j6f cfFk emb}{df aaf{b} eof] eg]/ cflQg' kb}{g .Ú ;+ljwfglj?4 dw];L, yf? nufotn] ug]{ lj/f]wn] vf;} bd /fVb}g eGg] cf]nLsf] k|f/lDes ljZn]if0f lyof], h'g ;o lbgsf] cjlwdf unt ;fljt ePsf] 5 . /, k|wfgdGqL cf]nL dw];L df]rf{;Fu h;/L klg /fhgLlts ;xdlt ug{' kg]{ ;f]rfOdf cfOk'u]sf 5g\ . ;o lbgsf] of] cjlwdf cfˆgf] k"j{ c8fg / 9L6af6 nlqg' / Jojxf/af6} kf7 l;Sg' g} s]kL cf]nLsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pknlAw xf] .

cf]nL ;fdfGo ca:yfdf k|wfgdGqL ag]sf xf]O{gg\ . ef/tn] ;+lawfgsf] :jfut gu/]sf a]nf ef/tn] g?rfPsf kfqsf ?kdf /x]sf cf]nL k|wfgdGqLsf] rog x'Fbf ef/tLo laz]if ;'qn] …cf]nLÚ of …cf]on -t]n_Ú dWo Ps dfq /f]Hg eg]sf] s'/f rrf{ gePsf] klg xf]Og . cf]nL g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ u7g eP nuQ} ef/tn] c3f]lift gfsfaGbL u/]sf] 5 . To;f] t s]kL cf]nL k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf b]zs} 7'nf] bn g]kfnL sf+u|; / dw]zjfbL bnx?nfO{ klg Tof] s'/f k;]sf] lyPg, To;}dfyL ef/tsf] of] /j}ofn] cf]nL k|wfgdGqL ePb]lvg} pgsf] ;/sf/sf] pN6L uGtL ;'? eof] eGg] k|i6} b]vfpFYof] .

s]kL cf]nL g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] ;o lbgsf] cjlwdf u/]sf sfdx?sf] rrf{ ubf{ k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f ljw]os kfl/t x'g', e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ ^ ca{sf] ah]6 Gofgf] sk8fsf nflu ljt/0f ul/g', k|flw/s/0f u7g x'g' / ;/sf/sf] ;o lbg k'Ug} nfUbf k'glg{df{0f dxfcleofgsf] pb\3f6g;Dd x'gnfO{ x]g]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] l;Oof] lgo'lQm;Fu} o;n] k"0f{tf kfPsf] / tLg dlxg] sfo{of]hgf;d]t ag]sf] cj:yf 5 . k|flws/0fn] cfufdL lbgdf s;/L sfd u5{, ToxfF clgoldttf / e|i6frf/ x'G5 x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fsf] k/v ug}{ afFsL 5 . /fi6«klt / k|wfgdGqLaf6 dxfcleofg 3f]if0ff ul/Pklg cfufdL a}zfvb]lv dfq} o;n] ult lng] b]lvG5 .

cfˆgf] Ps ;o lbg] sfo{sfndf cf]nL ;/sf/n] u/]sf] csf]{ sfd ef/t;Fu ;DaGw ;'wfg]{ k|of; xf] . o;sf nflu       k//fi6«dGqL sdn yfkfn] b'O{k6s lbNnL e|d0f u/] . cGo cgf}krfl/s nljË klg eP . cGttM k|wfgdGqLsf] ef/t e|d0f to ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ klg ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGw ;'wf/df s]kL cf]nLsf] ;kmntf dfGg ;lsG5 .

dGqfno laefhg u/]/ cf]nL ;/sf/n] b]znfO{ 3ft u/]sf 5g\ . Ps;L6] bnnfO{ dGqL agfP/ ;+ljwfgsf] efjgfdfly k|xf/ ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L cf]nL ;/sf/n] rLg;Fu Jofkfl/s ljljwtfsf nflu h'g k|oTg u¥of] . o;nfO{ klg ;/sf/sf] pknAwLsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

cf]nL k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf gful/s :t/df 7'nf] ck]Iff lyof] . sfd ug]{ of]hgf eGbf klg efif0fdf dfq} of]hgf ;'gfpFbf cf]nLsf] kl5Nnf] ;do cfnf]lrt aGb} uPsf 5g .

x'g t of] cj:yfg} o:t} xf] . olt j]nf hf] sf]xL k|wfgdGqL ePsf] ePklg cf]nLsf h:t} xljut pgsf] klg x'g] lyof] t/ klg Ps vfnsf] cf]nLk|ltsf] hgtfsf] cfzf klg of] Ps ;o lbgd} cf]OnfPsf] 5 . cj cf]nLsf nflu Tof] s'rL{df l6ls/xg'   ;fGble{s 5}g .

yk ;dfrf/

kVgf];\, xfd|f] kmf]6f] glvRg' xf]; Û

uPsf] d+unaf/ laxfg 5ltjg ufla;sf] a'8/ ahf/df laDasdL{ ToxfF k'Ubf ahf/sf] 5]pdf kfgL eg]{x?sf] lgs} le8\ lyof] . wf/fdf nfO{g a;]sfx? cfof], ;'Sof], ;'Sg] a]nf eof], cfpF5 xf]nf eGb} hf]/;+u s/fpFb} lyP .

laDasdL{n] kfgL eg{sf nfuL nfO{gdf a;]sf dlxnfsf] kmf]6f] lvRg vf]Hbf kfgL eg]{ dWos} Ps dlxnfn] ækmf]6f] glvRg' xf];\, xfd|f] kmf]6f] lsg lvRg' x'G5 < xfd|f] /ldtf x]g{sf nfuL ;s}nfO{ kmf]6f] lvRg] clwsf/ 5}g .Æ

laDasdL{n] cfkm' kqsf/ ePsf] / oxfFsf ;d:of klqsf dfkm{t ;fa{hlgs ug]{ atfPkl5 kmf]6f] lvRg lbg] s'/fdf ;xdt eO{g . kmf]6f] lvRg dfq} xf]O{g To;kl5 cfkm\gf ;d:of Ps–Ps u/L ;'gfpg yfn] .

kmf]6f] glvRg' xf];\ eGg] dlxnfsf] gfd d'gf yfkf /x]5 . d'gfn] elgg\ æxfd|f] ;d:of Pn8Lcf] ;/;Dd k'¥ofO{lbg' xf]nf, xfd|f oxfF kmf]6f] lvRg dfq} cfp5g, kmf]6f] lvRg] w]/} cfP, t/ lt dfG5] slxNn} kms]{gg\  xfd|f ;d:of xfdL;+u 5g\ To;}n] tkfO{ klg kmf]6f] ehfpg]x? dWos} xf] sL eg]/ kmf]6f] glvRg' xf];\ eg]sf] xf] ;/ .Æ

!$ hghftL kl/jf/sf nfuL Ps wf/f] kfgLsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . kfgL eg{sf nfuL cfkm\g} 6f]n l5d]sf dfG5]x?sf] emu8f x'g] u/]sf] sNkgf nfdfn] atfOg\ . sNkgfn] elgg\ æxfd|f] oxfF kfgL gkfpFbf b}lgs h;f] emu8f x'G5, b}lgs Ps 306fsf b/n] laxfg / a]n'sf kfgL cfpF5 !$ 3/sf dfG5]nfO kfgL eg{sf nfuL slxNn} x'Fb}g h;n] eg{ kfPg p:n] emu8f u5{ .Æ

wf/fdf kfgL gkfpFbf Ps 306fk/ vf]nfdf uP/ kfgL Nofpg' kg]{ ;d:of  /x]sf] l5/Lª lai6n] atfP . lai6 eG5g ækfof] eg] oxL wf/f]df xf], xf]O{g eg] Ps 306f lxg]/ vf]nfdf Nofpg hfg' k5{ . c?sf] 3/}klR5]åf/f 5g . rflxP hlt kfgL cfpF5 t/ xfd|f] wf/fdf ;w}F o:t} xf] .Æ

cfkm'x?n] kfgL gkfpFbf kfgLsf] d'Vo nfO{g sf6]/ cfGbf]ng u/]kl5 Ps dlxgf kfgL cfPsf] d'gfn] atfO{g . pgn] elgg\ ækfgL cfpFb} gcfpg yfn]kl5 xfdLn] Ps k6s d'Vo kfgLsf] nfO{g cj?4 u¥of] . To;kl5 Ps dlxgf cfof] km]/L p:t} xfn eof] . xf]6n ;~rfns tyf cGo AolQmsf] 3/df kfgL hfG5 t/ xfd|f]df cfpFb}g .Æ

3/df zf}rfno ePklg kfgL cefjsf sf/0f cf+lzs ?kdf dfq} zf}rfnosf] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] pgLx?n] atfP . sNkgf nfdfn] elgg\ æzf}rfno 5, 3/df kfgL x'Fb}g s;/L zf}rfno k|of]u ug'{ laxfge/L o:t} kfgLsf] nfO{gdf a:b} lbg laT5 .Æ

5ltag ufla;sf] a'8/df /x]sf] pQm j:tLdf vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of /x]sf] ufla; ;lra tf/fk|zfb clwsf/Ln] atfP . clwsf/Ln] eg] ævfg]kfGfLsf] ;d:of Tof] 6f]ndf 5 pkef]Qmf ;ldlt kfgL g} x'Fb}g . Tof] ;d:of ;a}sf]df xf] eG5 pgLx? xfd|f] dfq} o:tf] ;d:of xf] eG5g 5nkmnaf a;]/ ;dfwfg ug{' kg]{ b]lvG5 . Æ

n'y|gn] gfd n]Vg l;sfof]

…t]/f] >LdtL k/fO{ db{;+u lx8\5], p;n] eufP/ n}hfnf x}, larf/ u/ .Ú 9'GsL g]kfnLsf >Ldfg\nfO{ ufpFn]n] o:tf] s'/f ;'gfP . t/ pgsf >Ldfg\ l8NnL g]kfnLn] ;j} s'/f unt ;f]Rg' gx'g] eGb} …dlxnfx?n] klg cIf/ lrGg ;S5g eg] s] g/fd|f] eof] / <Ú eg]kl5 9'GsLnfO{ cIf/ lrGg yk phf{ ldNof] .

u}/fufpF ufla;–% df hlGdPsL 9'GsL g]kfnL clxn] $) jif{sL eO{g . afNosfndf laBfnosf] cf+ug;Dd gb]v]sL 9'GsLsf] !# jif{s} pd]/df @)$% ;fndf ;fgfufpF–% sf l8NnL g]kfnL;+u lax] eof] . …clxn] yfx kfPF d}n] d]/f] jfnljjfx ePsf] /x]5 eg]/Ú 9'GsL elG5g\ …lax] x'Fbf d}n] /fd|f];+u xf];\ klg ;Dxfn]sL lyOg .Ú lax] u/]sf] s/Lj !) jif{kl5 cyf{t @)%% ;fndf ;fgfufpF ufla;df n'y|g laZj km]8\/];g gfds ;+:yfn] dlxnfx?nfO{ ;zlQms/0f ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u¥of] . 9'GsL klg pQm cleofgdf ;+nUg  eO{g . …;d"xsf] ;b:o jGg'k5{, ;fIf/tf sIffdf efu lng' k5{, dlxnfx? ;zQm x'g'k5{ eGy] sd{rf/Lx?Ú b'GsL lt lbg ;Demb} elG5g\ …xfdLnfO{ glrg]sf] k'?if;+u s'/f ubf{ 8/ nfUYof] .Ú

o;n] st} nu]/ a]Rg] kf] xf] sL eg]/ 9'GsL / ;+uLx?  8/fPsf x'Gy] Toltj]nf . pgL elG5g\ …;d"xdf a;]sL Ps dlxnfn] t ;fIf/tf sIffdf cfpg ;d]t 5f]l8g\ .Ú cIf/ lrg]/ cfkm\gf] gfd n]Vg ;Sg] jGg] ;kgfn] 9'GsLnfO{ ;fIf/tf sIff / art ;d"xk|lt cfslif{t u/fof] . pgnfO{ cIf/ lrGgsf nflu pgsf >Ldfg\n] klg xf};nf lbP . …s gk9]sL dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] gfd n]Vg ;S5g\ eg] lsg gk9\g] <  eGg'x'GYof]Ú 9'GsLn] elgg\ …d}n] cIf/ t lrg] t/ >Ldfg\sf] ;fy w]/} lbg /x]g .Ú

rf/ ;GtfgdWo] sfG5L 5f]/L hGd]sL lyO{g 9'GsLsL . >Ldfg\n] Hofnf dhb'/L u/]/ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ kfNb}y] . 5f]/LnfO{ !) lbg ePsf] lbg lxGb' ;+:sf/ cg';f/ gfdfs/0f ul/of] . /dfO{nf] ub}{ 5f]/Lsf] gfd …/ldtfÚ /flvof] . Tof] v'zL w]/} lbg /x]g 9'GsLsf] kl/jf/df . gfdfs/0f ePsf] t];|f] lbg @)%( ;fn >fj0fdf vfgLjf6 9'Ëf lemSg] qmddf n8]/ 9'GsLsf >Ldfg\ ulDe/ 3fO{t] eP . sDd/df rf]6 nfUof], v'§f klg   efFlrof] . pgnfO{ pkrf/sf nflu ef/tsf] klnof ;d]t k'¥ofOof] t/ lgsf] ePg . …ufpFdf ;j};+u cfly{s ;xof]u dfu]/ pkrf/ u/fP t/ klg lgsf] ePgÚ 9'GsL elG5g\ …la/fdL kltnfO{ tLg dlxgfkl5 3/ NofOof] .Ú @)%( ;fn k'ifdf pgsf >Ldfg\ >LdtL / rf/ slnnf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?nfO{ 5f]8]/ ;w}+sf nflu labf eP .

>Ldfg\n] 5f]8]/ uPkl5 kl/jf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L 9'GsLsf] sfFwdf cfof] . Hofnf dhb'/L ub}{ pgn] 5f]/f5f]/L x'sf{O{g . …$) ?k}ofF Hofnf kfO{GYof], ToxL Hofnfsf] e/df d}n] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ x'sf{PFÚ 9'GsL elG5g\ …clxn] Ps 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/Lsf] lax] klg ul/;s]sL    5' .Ú h]7f] 5f]/f / 5f]/Ln] cfwf–/e't tx;Dd dfq} cWoog ug{ ;s] sfG5f] 5f]/f / 5f]/L k9\b} 5g clxn] .

9'GsLn] kfl/jfl/s lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy;fy} ;fdflhs ;xeflutfdf klg efu lnFb} uO{g . pgL laleGg ;d"xsf] ;b:o x'Fb} g]t[Tj txdf klg k'lug . …b'O{ jif{ d j8f gful/s d~rsf] ;+of]hs ;d]t ePFÚ 9'GsL elG5g\ …clxn] d # laBfnox? df Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;b:o 5' . cGo ;+3;+:yf klg cfkm\gf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pgL jtfpFl5g .

cfkm'nfO{ ;fdflhs If]qdf Nofpgdf pTk|]l/t u/]sf]df pgL n'y|g laZj km]8\/];gnfO{ wGojfb lbG5g\ . …n'y|gs} s[kf xf] d h:tf lg/If/x?sf cfFvf sfg vf]NgdfÚ pgL elG5g\ …clxn] d cfkm\gf] gfd n]Vg'sf ;fy;fy} x:tfIf/ klg ug{ ;S5' .Ú df]jfO{n ;]6df ePsf c+sx? /fd|};+u lrGg ;lS5g\ pgn] . kmf]g ug'{ k/]df pgnfO{ csf{sf] ;xof]u rfFlxb}g . pgL cfkm} gDj/ 8fon ug{ ;lS5g\ . elG5g\ …;]6df c+u|]hLdf ;]km  u/]sf gDj/ x]g{ ;Sb}g, To;}n] ;Dks{ gDj/ sfkLdf l6k]/ /fVg] u/]sf] 5' .Ú

cfkm\gf] gfd n]Vg ;Sg] dfq} xf]O{g, pgL clxn] dlxnf clwsf/sf] kIfdf ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmdx?df klg b¥xf] ?kdf s'/f /fVg ;Sg] ePsL 5g\ . pgL elG5g\ …;[hgzLn lasf; ;dfhn] dlxnf ;'/Iff / /f]syfdsf nflu ;~rfng u/]sf laleGg tflndx?jf6 dlxnfx?sf] xs clwsf/sf jf/]df d}n] hfgsf/L kfPsL x'F .Ú o'Pg j'd]gsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;[hgzLn lasf; ;dfhn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3åf/f kfl/t k|:tfj g+= !#@% / !*@) ;DjlGw /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] k|efjsf–/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu :jLk;fg kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .

9'GsL ufpF lasf; ;ldltn] k|To]s aif{ 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ s'n k'FhLut jh]6sf] !) k|ltzt dlxnfx?nfO{ k|To]If kmfO{bf k'Ug] lqmofsnfkdf vr{ ug'{ kg]{ eGb} bjfj lbG5g\ . pgL elG5g\ …cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] jf/]df hfgsf/L eof] eg] jf]Ng klg ;lhnf] x'Fbf] /x]5 .Ú

8f]6Lsf ufpFufpFdf …emf]nfÚ b]vfO{b} 

dlxnf lx+;fdf cfwfl/t rnlrq emf]nf 8f]6Lsf ufpF ufpFdf k|b{zg ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noleq /x]sf] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb| 8f]6Ln] dlxnfdfyL ePsf] lx+;f / To;sf la?4df dlxnfx?n] u/]sf] ;+3if{df cfwfl/t dfg]sf] rnlrqnfO{ lhNnfsf b'uf{df08f}+, agn]s / 5ltjg ufla;df k|b{zg ul/Psf] 5 .

:yfgLo:t/sf dlxnfx? df hfu/0f Nofpgsf nfuL rnlrq k|:t't ug{'sf ;fy} cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ul/Psf] ;]jf s]Gb|sf cWoIf zzL ;f]jn] atfOg\ . ;f]jn] elgg\ ædlxnf lx+;fsf] cGTo ug{ o;/L klg ;Dej 5 eGg] cfTdan k|bfg ug{sf nfuL dlxnfx?nfO{ Tof] lel8of] ;fdfu|L k|b{zg ug]{ To;kl5 cGt/lqmof ul/of] dlxnf n] cfkm'dfyL ePsf cGofosf af/]df s'/f /fv]sf 5g .Æ

5ltjg ufla;df ;xefuL dlxnfx?n] dlxnf lx+;f cGt ug{sf nfuL dlb/f aGb clgjfo{ ;t{ /x]sf] atfP . pgLx? eG5g æoxfF hlt ;'s} r]tgf lbPklg x'g] jfnf s]xL 5}g, dlb/f aGb u¥of] eg] w]/} dlxnf tyf 3/]n' lx+;f cGTo To;} x'G5g .Æ

agn]s ufla;df cGt/–lqmofdf ;xefuL dlxnfx?n] dlxnfnfO{ ue{df g} lae]b\ x'g] u/]sf] atfP . pgLx? eG5g æln+u klxrfg u/]/ xTof x'G5, 5f]/L hGdL xfNof] eg] klg sd :ofxf/ x'G5 To;}n] dlxnf dfyL hGdg' eGbf klxnfaf6 g} lae]b ;''?jft x'G5 . Æ

dlxnfx?df ;zlQms/0f cfjZos /x]sf] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|sf pkfWoIf ldng kl/of/n] atfP .

;'b"/klZr emg} hf]lvdk"0f{

zx/L tyf ejg lgdf0f{ l8lehg sfof{no /fhk'/ 8f]6Lsf lgldQ k|d'v k|df]bs[i0f sdf{rfo{n] ejg lgdf0f{ ubf{ ;a}n] clgjfo{ ?kdf /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf @)^) nfO{ k"0f{ kl/kfng u/] e'sDksLo hf]lvdaf6 aRg ;lsg] atfPsf 5g .

/fli6«o e'sDk ;'/Iff lbj;sf] cj;/df æe'sDk  k|lt/f]wL 3/ ;+/rgf, ;'/lIft g]kfn xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy 8f]6Ldf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Ps sfo{qmddf sdf{rfo{n] ;f] s'/f jtfPsf x'g . pgn] eg] …ejg ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf] b[li6sf]0fn] xfd|f] b]z hf]lvdk'0f{ 5 . ;'b"/klZrd t emg} hf]lvdk'0f{ dflgG5 .Ú sdf{rfo{n] ;'b"/klZrdsf 3/x? df6f] / 9'Ëf ldnfP/ jgfPsf sf/0f cGo If]qsf] t'ngfdf a9L hf]lvdk"0f{ ePsf] jtfP . pgn] e'sDkaf6 aRg] ;'/lIft pkfosf] af/]df ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'kg]{ atfP .

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] ;+of]hgdf cfof]lht lbj; ;df/f]xdf hgr]tgfd'ns gf/f ;lxtsf] ¥ofnLn] ahf/ kl/qmdf ul/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Ldf Ps sfo{qmdsf ljr ;dfkg ePsf] xf] . ;f] qmddf 8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L o1/fh af]x/fn] e'sDk k|fs[lts k|sf]k ePsfn] of] hltj]nf klg cfpg ;Sg] eGb} o;n] 7'nf] wghgsf] Iflt ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn] o;af6 ;'/lIft /xg ckgfpg' kg]{ ;fjwfgLsf] af/]df ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' cfjZos /x]sf] atfP . pgn] eg] …xfd|f] b]zdf aGg] ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ubf{ sltsf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf kfngf x'G5 eGg] s'/f a}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] e'sDkn] b]vfO{ ;s]sfn] cfufdL lbgdf ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ To;af6 klg kf7 l;Sg'k5{ .Ú

…cfhsf] lbg e'sDk;'/Iff lbj; xf] o;sf] 5'6\6} dxTj 5Ú k|lhc jf]x/fn] eg] …To;}n] xfdLn] cfd ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{{ e'sDk hfg' k'j{ / uO{;s]kl5 s] s] pkfox? ckgfpg' k5{, s;/L ;'/lIft /xg ;lsG5 eGg]af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' k5{ . e'sDk k|lt/f]wTds ;+/rgf lgdf0f{df hf]8 lbg ;s] o; lbj;sf] dxTj /xg] k|lhc af]x/fsf] egfO{ 5 .

sfo{qmddf If]q, lhNnf l:yt ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L ;+:3 ;+:yfsf k|d'v, k|ltlgwL, gful/s ;dfh, kqsf/ nufot cGosf] klg ;xeflutf /xsf] lyof] .

clwsf+; ;fd'bflos agdf lajfb

8f]6L lhNnfsf clwsf+z ;fd'bflos agdf lajfb /x]sf] lhNnf ag sfof{no 8f]6Lsf ;xfos ag clws[t ef]h/fh zdf{n] atfPsf 5g .

zdf{n] eg] æu7g ePsf ;fd'bflos ag dWo]sf *) k|ltzt agdf lajfb 5, s]xL laafb lhNnf;Dd cfpg] u/]sf] ePklg s]xL tNnf] txdf g} ;dfwfg x'G5 .Æ k|fs[lts ;|f]t åGå ?kfGt/0f s]Gb| g]kfnn] ;f]daf/ ;~rf/sdL{x?;+u u/]sf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;xfos ag clws[t zdf{n] pQm s'/f atfPsf x'g .

clwsf+z ;fd'bflos agdf pkef]Qmf aGg] / l;df lajfbsf sf/0f ;fd'bflos agdf lajfb pTkGg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf sf/0fn]  pTkGg lajfb ;dfwfgsf nfuL k|fs[lts ;|f]t åGå ?kfGt/0f s]Gb|n] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] /fli6«o ;|f]t AolQm nf]s axfb'/ yfkfn] atfP . ;+:yfn] 8f]6L lhNnfdf ltg 7fpFdf lajfb pTkGg ePsf ;fd'bflos agdf sfd u/]sf] ;+:yfn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

lhNnfsf] lthfnL, n8fu8f / lthfnL ufla;sf ltg cf]6f ;fd'bflos agdf ePsf] laafb ;dfwfgsf nfuL sfd u/]sf] ;|f]t AoQmL yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbP . n8fu8f ufla;sf] a/d'08L ;fd'bflos agsf] lafb ldn]sf] ePklg b'O{ agdf lajfb ?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] ;+:yfn]  hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf sf/0fn] pTkGg x'g] laafb ;dfwfgsf nfuL ;~rfsdL{sf] 7'nf] e"ldsf x'g] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf ;efklt Pj+ ;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 8f]6Lsf cWoIf s[i0f dnf;Ln] atfP . pgn] eg] æclwsf+z lajfb l;dfsf sf/0f 5, Tof] ;dfwfgsf nfuL ;a}n] e"ldsf v]Ng' h?/L 5 .Æ

5f]6s/L ;dfrf/

s[lifdf 6f]n lk|m

lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no 8f]6Ln] 6f]n lkm| ;]jf ;'? u/]sf] 5 . 

sfof{noaf6 ;~rfng x'g] ljleGg sfo{qmdsf af/]df s[ifsn] ;lhn} hfgsf/L kfpg eGg] p2]Zon] lgz'Ns kmf]g ;]jf ;'? u/]sf] ;"rgf clwsf/L /fdrGb| e§n] hfgsf/L lbP .

s[ifsx?n] k|fljlws ;]jf Pj+ hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{sf nflu sfof{non] !^^)($$@))) gDa/sf] 6f]n lkm| ;]jf ;'? u/]sf] 5 . lgz'Ns ?kdf kmf]g dfkm{t s[lif k|flalwsx?n] afnL pkrf/sf nfuL ;Nnfx lbg] lhNnf s[lif lasf; sfof{no 8f]6Lsf al/i7 s[lif lasf; clws[t 8f= tk]Gb| zfxLn]  atfP .

;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg

8f]6L 306]Zj/ ufla; l:yt h}ljs ljljwtf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8sf] bf]>f] ;fwf/0f;ef u}/fdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

pQm ;fwf/0f;efdf ;+:yfsf cWoIf wgaxfb'/ ;fsL{n] k|:t't u/]sf] aflif{s k|ult k|lta]bg / sf]iffWoIf lgd{nf 8fªLn] k|:t't u/]sf] @* nfv ^# xhf/ a/fa/sf] cfly{s k|lta]bg 5nkmn ;lxt kfl/t u/]sf] pxsf/L ;+:yfsf Aoj:yfks u0f]z lai7n]  hfsf/L lbP .

;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;fsL{sf] ;efkltTj / Aoj:yfks u0f]zaxfb'/ lai6sf] ;+rfngdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmdd k|d'v cltly aof]a[4 z]o/ ;b:o df]xgaxfb'/ dNnn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] afns b]lv a[4;Dd ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbP . sfo{qmddf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf pkfWoIf ofbj axfb'/ dNn nufotn] dGtJo /fv]sf lyP .

v]n ;dfrf/

cG8/ !( sf v]nf8L ;Ddflgt

cfO;L;L cG8/ !( lqms]6 jN8{ sk v]Ng] tof/Ldf /x]sf v]nf8Lx?nfO{ gub;lxt ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 .

jL ljn /fOh gfds Aofg/df cfOtaf/ cG8/ gfOlG6g 6f]nLdf /x]sf lqms]6 v]nf8Lx?nfO{ hgxL !) xhf/ ?k}ofF gub;lxt ;Ddfg ul/Psf] xf] . v]nf8Lx?nfO{ dbgs[i0f >]i7, xl/j+z cfrfo{, lbks/fh lu/L, /]vf yfkf, lbkf>L lg/f}nf nufotsf snfsf/x?n] ;Ddfgkq / gub k|bfg u/]sf x'g\ . v]nf8L lkR5]g} cnu cnu snfsf/n] ;Ddfgkq / gub k|bfg u/] . v]nf8Lx?n] /fd|f] glthfsf nflu xf};nf k|bfg ug{ gub;lxt ;Ddfg u/]sf] snfsf/x?n] atfP .

snfsf/ xl/j+z cfrfo{n] g]tfx?sf] sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f cfd pkef]Qmfn] nfdf] ;dob]lv l8h]n, k]6«f]n / vfgf ksfpg] UofF;sf] cefj  em]ln/xg' k/]sf] eGb} annfO{ g]tfsf] 6fpsf] ;Dem]/ 5Ssf / rf}sf k|xf/ ug{ v]nf8Lx?nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP .

cfO;L;L cG8/ gfOlG6g lqms]6 jN8{ sk olx df3 !# ut]b]lv kmfu'g @ ut];Dd a+unfb]zdf x'Fb}5 . g]kfnL 6f]nL /fh' l/hfnsf] sKtfgLdf d}bfgdf plqg] 5 . g]kfn  ef/t, Go'lhNof08 / cfo/Nof08 /x]sf] ;d"x 8L df 5 .

cfxf Û /f/f uf]N8sk cfh b]lv

cfxf Û /f/f uf]N8sk k|ltof]lutf d+unaf/b]lv kf]v/fdf z'? x'Fb}5 . df3 !^ ut];Dd kf]v/f /+uzfnfdf ;~rfng x'g] !$ cf}+ cfxf Û /f/f uf]N8 sksf] cfh lbpF;f] Ps ah] kf]v/f /+uzfnfdf cfof]lht Ps ljz]if sfo{qmdsfaLr /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifbsf ;b:o;lrj s]zjs'df/ lji6n] p¢f6g ug]{ cfof]hs ;xf/f Snjn] hgfPsf] 5 .

k|ltof]lutfsf] p¢f6g v]ndf cfh cfof]hs ;xf/f Snj kf]v/f / gj hghfu[lt o'y Snj l;d/f le8\b}5g\ . ut jif{ !# cf}+ ;+:s/0fsf] p¢f6g v]ndf klg oL b'O{ Snj cfdg];fdg] ePsf lyP . h;df cfof]hs ;xf/fnfO{ x/fpFb} l;d/f Sjf6/kmfOgndf k|j]z u/]sf]  lyof] . 7Ls Ps jif{kl5 cfof]hs ;xf/fn] ;f]xL k|ltåGåL kfpFbf abnf lng] df}sf kfPsf] 5 .

cfhsf] v]ndf b'a} 6Ldn] clk|msL d"nsf # / # hgf ljb]zL;lxt o'jf v]nf8L ptfg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . ;xf/fsf k|lzIfs ls/0f >]i7 / l;d/fsf Dofg]h/ zDe'l;+x 7s'/L b'a}n] cfhsf] v]n lhTg] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ .

k|ltof]lutfdf # ljb]zL 6Ld;lxt !@ l6dn] k|ltikwf{ ub}{5g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf ef/tsf] O{l08og cfdL{ uf]vf{ la|u]8 6Ld / o'gfO{6]8 l;lSsv km'6jn Snj, a+unfb]zsf] /xdtu~h PdPkm ;f];fO{6L ;xeflu x'Fb}5 . To:t} ljefuLo Snjx? lqe'jg cfdL{ Snj, g]kfn k'ln; Snj, ;z:qsf] PkLPkm Snj tyf g]kfnsf P l8lehgsf Snjx? ?:nfg nufotsf l6dx?n] efu lng] hgfOPsf] 5 .

rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg

…sfkmn kfSof]Ú / …kmGsf]Ú dWod\

z'qmaf/af6 k|bz{gdf cfPsf b'O{ g]kfnL lkmNd …sfkmn kfSof]Ú / …kmGsf]Ún] labfsf] lbg bz{ssf] dWod ;fy kfPsf 5g\ . 7'nf] tfdemfdsf ;fy bz{sdfem cfPsf] …kmGsf]Ú tyf hLjg n'O{+6]nsf] sd]8L catf/ ;d]l6Psf] …sfkmn kfSof]Ú n] dlN6Kn]S;df eGbf l;+un l:qmgdf bz{ssf] ;fy kfP . sd]8L e;]{h sd]8L le8\bf hLjgsf] k|lt:kwf{ bofxfª /fO{ / ;f}uft dNn;Fu eof] .

lat/s cf/ cf/ lkmND;n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ …sfkmn kfSof]Ún] b'O{ lbgdf #^ nfvsf] lahg]z u/]sf] 5 .  /fhwfgL tyf df]km;nsf xnx?af6 of] lkmNdn] z'qmaf/ / zlgaf/ #^ nfvsf] lahg]z cfFs8f kf/ u/]sf] lat/s /f]lxt /Tgn] hfgsf/L lbP . ;flaqL vqL lgb{]lzt of] lkmNdn] z'qmaf/ !( nfv / zlgaf/ !& nfvsf] lahg]z  u/]sf] hfgsf/Ldf 5 . cfzfltt cfFs8f cg';f/ of] lahg]znfO{ lgdf{0f o'lg6n] /fd|f] eg]sf] 5 . lkmNddf hLjg;Fu} aiff{ /fpt ln8 /f]ndf 5g\ .

o:t} ÚkmGsf]Ún] %^ nfv @& xhf/ $)$ ?k}ofF lahg]z u/]sf] lat/s Pkm8L sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 . lkmNdn] klxnf] lbg @* nfv ^) xhf/ a9L / zlgaf/ @& nfv ^^ xhf/sf] lahg]z u/]sf] bfaL lat/ssf] 5 . bofxfª /fO{, lk|o+sf sfsL{, s]sL clwsf/L / ;f}uft dNn ln8 /f]ndf /x]sf] lkmNdnfO{ ;'j0f{ yfkfn] lgb]{zg u/]sf x'g\ .

b'a} lkmNdsf] dfpy klAnl;6L dWod 5 . dlN6Kn]S;df …kmGsf]Ú n] eGbf /fd|f] j8{ ckm dfpy …sfkmn kfSof]Ú n] kfPsf] 5 . t/ b'a} lkmNdsf] dlN6Kn]S; lahg]z eg] /fd|f] 5}g\ .

c~hnL eO{g …n]6 ld 8fG;Ú lah]tf

zlgaf/ k|;fl/t 8flG;Ë l/ofln6L ;f] …n]6 ld 8fG;Ú sf] klxnf] l;hg lah]tf cGhnL dfemL ePsL 5g .

clGtd k|ltikwf{df pTs[i6 ;ftdf k/]sf ^ k|ltikwL{nfO{ pl5Gb} cGhnLn] b'O{ nfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF k'/:sf/;lxt zLif{ pkfwL lht]sL x'g\ . emfkfsf] ljtf{df]8l:yt aflNdsL k|f]lkm8]G6 sn]hdf :gfts klxnf] jif{ cWoog/t cGhnLn] k|ltof]uLtfdf Ps nfv @@ xhf/ ef]6 k|fKt u/]sL lyOg .

To;}u/L clgiff cf]nL / ;kgf /fgfdu/ qmdzM km:6 / ;]s]G8 /g/ck ePsL 5g\ . %) k|lt;t P;PdP; ef]l6ª / %) k|lt;t lg0ff{ossf] dtsf cfwf/df k|ltof]uLtf lah]tf 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lyof] . Kn; 6' cWoot/t clgiffn] %# xhf/ Pj+ :gfts klxnf] jif{  cWoog/t ;kgfn] @# xhf/ ef]6 k|fKt u/]sf lyP .

lqsfn cf6{ Ps]8]dLn] klxnf] k6s cfof]hgf u/]sf] pQm /fi6«JofkL g[To k|ltof]uLtf lxdfno / g]kfn jfg 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f ePsf] lyof] . pkflwsf nflu b]ze/af6 cfj]bg lbPsf xhf/f}+ k|ltof]uLaf6 pTs[i7 tLg;o, tLg;oaf6 Ps;o, Ps;oaf6 #) / #) af6 pTs[i7 !% 5gf]6 ePsf lyP . pTs[i7 !% af6 P;PdP; ef]l6ª / lg0ff{ossf] dtsf cfwf/df x/]s Plk;f]8df PsPs hgf aflxl/Fb} afFsL /x]sf pTs[i7 ;fthgfnfO{ clGtd k|ltikwf{df ;fd]n u/fOPsf] lyof] .

ljleGg ;d:ofsf afah'b klg k|ltof]uLtf ;kmntfsf ;fy ;DkGg u/]sf]df lqmsfn cf6{ Ps]8]dLdf cWoIf Pj+ n]6 ld 8fG;sf lgdf{tf 5]8'k nfdfn] v'zL JoQm u/]sf 5g . …k|ltof]lutf ;'? x'gf;fy e'sDk uof] To;kl5 gfsfaGbL . cg]sg ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug{' k/] klg nuglzntf / b[9tfn] sfo{qmd ;kmn eof]Ú, nfdfn] eg] .

kl5Nnf] ;do g[Todf o'jfk':tfsf] cfsif{0f a9]sfn] ljifd kl/l:yltdf klg …n]6 ld 8fG;Úsf] klxnf] l;hg ;kmn ePsf] nfdfsf] egfO 5 . …clxnf] xfdL bf];|f] l;hgsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf 5f}+Ú pgn] eg] …b]ze/af6 ;sf/fTds k|lts[of cfPsf] 5 .Ú

n]v

z}lIfs Jofkf/ / leqL /x:o

k|tfk zdf{

ls;fg Tolt a]nf /xG5 ha k|z:t cGg pAhgL x'G5, cfkm";Fu hldg hf]Tg] uf]?x? kof{Kt x'G5g\ / cfˆgf ;a} v]tL afnLx? xl/ofnL x'G5g . k|;Ë klg p:t} p:t} / dd{ klg p:t} p:t} cflv/ lzIfs gLlh ljBfnosf To:t} kfq x'g\ t <

gLlh If]q jf:tjdf a]/f]huf/x?sf] dnxd xf] eGb} ax; ug]{ dflkmofx?sf] cfwf/e't w/ftn s] xf] < g]kfnL lzIff k|0ffnLdf u'0f:t/sf] rrf{ ug]{ gLlh ljBfnox? s] cfkm}Fdf ;Ifd 5Gf\, of] cfkm}Fdf ;f]rdUg ljifo xf] . cfh g]kfndf ;kmn ?kdf :yflkt / Joj;flos ?kdf nfe k|fKt ug{ lzIff Joj;fo /f]Hg'kg]{ cfjZostf /xG5 . lzIff k|fKt ug{ kfpg' JolQmsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] / lzIffnfO{ kljq ;]jfsf ?kdf x]g]{ ul/G5 t/ o;} lzIff;Fu cg]sf}+ Jofkfl/s dxTjsf ljifox? hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ / o;sf af/]df cleefjs a]va/ / cgle1 /xG5g\ .

cfˆgf] gfgL afa'x?sf] ;kmntfnfO{ k|fKtfÍsf cfwf/df x]g]{ cleefjsx?, pgLx?sf] ;kmntfdf nfvf}F vr{g ;Sg] / vr{g] cleefjsn] ;fFRr} Tof] u'0f:t/sf] d'NofÍg ug{' ePsf] 5 t <

gLlh ljBfnosf ;~rfnsx? cfkm"nfO{ dflns / lzIfsnfO{ /}tL l;jfo c? s]xL ;f]Rb}gg\ . ljBfyL{sf] r]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ lzIfs, u'0f:t/, ;Lk, snf, cg'zf;g / Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ lzIfs / cGTodf ljBfyL{sf] ;kmntfsf] h; lnb}F Jofkf/ ug]{ ;~rfns dflkmofx? . hUuf ef8fdf lnP/ s'v'/f kfNg] h:tf s6]/f lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;f]emf–;femf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ em'SsfP/, 7u]/ / ljaz agfP/ sdfp wGbf ;~rfng ug]{ :yfgnfO{ Jofkfl/s ynf]sf] ?kdf kl/eflift ug]{ ls ljz'4 ;]jf <

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df lzIfs o:tf] >lds xf] h;sf] zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s b'a} 9Ëaf6 zf]if0f ul/Psf] x'G5 . ljr/f Tof] lzIfs afWotfn] u'nfdL / bf;L eO/x]sf] x'G5 . lxhf]sf lt ;fOnLsf e§L e]l6g] xs]{ / lav]{x? cfh k|wfgfWofks eP5g\ . bnfn, t:s/ / ;fdflhs g}lts ktg ePsfx? cfh gLlh ljBfnosf ;~rfns eP5g\ . o:tf Jofkf/Lx?nfO{ s]an gfkmf–3f6f afx]s c? s'/fsf] n]vf hf]vf x'b}g .

>ldssf] ?kdf lzIfssf] lqmoflzntfnfO{ k|of]ufTds b'?kof]u ul/G5 . lqmoflzntfnfO{ k|of]ufTds b'?kof]u ul/G5 . p;sf] an, j+z / pd]/nfO{ s]an pkof]u ul/G5 / unfP/ ;8fOG5 . To;}n] lzIfs ;w}F dflkmofsf] Ph]G6 dfq xf]Og, ls dflkmof aGg] k|oTg ug{'kb{5 ls oxfF JofKt zf]if0fsf lj?4 k'g hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ ;+sNksf ;fy z}lIfs lj›f]xsf] jftfj/0f agfpg' kb{5 . oL b'O{ ljsNk l;jfo c? s'g} /xb}Fg .

;]jfsf gfddf hgtf n'§l/xFbf ;/sf/ nfrf/ / a]vj/ h:tf] alg/x]sf] 5 / Jofkf/ lbg b'O{ u'gf /ft rf} u'gf ljsfz eO/x]sf] 5 lsg ls lav]{x?sf] zf;g ;Qfsf /}yfg]x? ;Fu ;'dw'/ ;DaGw / cflz{jfb 5 . of] Jofkf/ df}nfpb}g lyof] eg] tL xs]{, ljv]{ / km'ndfofx? ljgf z}lIfs of]Uotf aËnf / kh]/f] uf8L r9b}gy] xf]nfg\ < xfdL cf}ifwf]krf/ ubf{ afu]lgË ub]{gf}+, gfgL afa'sf] egf{ / dfl;s z'Ns a'emfpbfF afu]lgË ub}{gf}+ lsgsL xfdL ;]jf ;f]Rb5f}F, wd{ dfGb5f}F To;}n] xfdLn] of] df}nfFpbf] Jofkf/nfO{, Jofkf/ g} eg]/ ls6fg ;fy :ki6 x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}gf}F .

oxfF k|Zg /fHon] 5'6 lbPsf] z}lIfs Jofkf/sf] ;w}F Ph]G6 aGg] jf cfkm" klg tLg} Jofkf/Lx?;Fu xft]dfnf] ub}{ pgLx?;Fu} nfda4 x'g] eGg] xf] . oL ljv]{, xs]{ / km'ndfofsf em'08x?;Fu /fhg}lts ;+/If0f 5, v'Nnf / pbf/ ahf/ gLltdf oLgLx?s} af]nafnf 5, To;} o:tf] ;Ddflgt, ;lhnf] / e/kbf]{ z}lIfs Jofkf/ ug]{ ls gug]{ eGg] k|Zg xf] . b]z cg';f/sf] e]if wf/0f ug}{ kb{5 / l/tL cg';f/sf] gLltdf rNg} k5{ .

lzIfs ;w}F dflkmofsf] Ph]G6 dfq xf]Og, ls dflkmof aGg] k|oTg ug{'kb{5 ls oxfF JofKt zf]if0fsf lj?4 k'gM hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ ;+sNksf ;fy z}lIfs lj›f]xsf] jftfj/0f agfpg' kb{5 .

¨ lzIffnfO{ Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0faf6 Joj;fo cGtu{t juL{s/0f ug]{ of gug]{ ;f]rf}F / ljZn]if0f u/f}+ s] of] Jofkf/ / a|Ådn'6 xf]Og <

¨ sldzgsf cfwf/df z}lIfs kf7\ok':tssf] 5gf}6 ug{'

¨ kf]zfsaf6 k|fKt x'g] sldzg

¨ 6\o";g, sf]lrË / cltl/Qm sIffaf6 x'g] d'gfkmf

¨ :6]zg/Lsf a:t'af6 x'g] d'gfkmf

¨ ljBfnodf ;~rflnt Sofgl6gaf6 x'g] d'gfkmf

¨ ljBfnodf ;~rflnt ljleGg lqmofsnfk / ultljlwaf6 k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf k|fKt x'g] d'gfkmf

aif]{gL xhf/f}F o'jfx? :gftsf]t/ kZrft lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] ;l6{lkms]6 af]s]/ ltg} ljv]{ / km'ndfofx?nfO{ clejfbg ug{ k'Ub5, of] a]/f]huf/ g]kfnL o'jfx?sf] kL8f xf], oxL afWotf / ljjztfnfO{ ljv]{ / km"ndfofn] cfˆgf] af}l4stf / cfˆgf] ;jf]{k/L 7fGb5g\ . t/, sbflk ;xif{n] / :jtGq ?kn] g]kfndf g]kfnL g} eP/ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/s x'g pgLx?sf] ;+:yfdf sfdbf/ x'g uPsf xf]Ogg\ . cfˆgf] Ifdtf x'Fbf xF'b} /f]huf/Lsf lglDt cfTd;Ddfg a]Rg'kg]{ of] afWotfn] ljut b]lv g} cfGbf]ng / åG4sf] aLp /f]k]sf] 5 / ljsl;t ?kdf k]lrnf] ag]/ k'gM ljv]{x?sf lj?4 c;Gt'li6 hGdfO/x]sf] 5 . of] z}lIfs k|0ffnL, ljv]{x?sf] Joj;fo / lzIfs dflysf] bnfgnfO{ dfS;{jfbL b[li6sf]0fsf cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ ljv]{ / km"ndfofx?sf] ktg / gofF z}lIfs gLlt / u'0f:t/ lgdf{0fsf] lglDt k'gM hgtfsf] ;r]t / hfu?s kxnsbdL h?/L / cfjZos 5 .

km"ndfofx?, lzIfsx? / cleefjsx?sf] lqsf]0ffTds ;DaGwsf cfwf/df ljzn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] lzIfs / cleefjs n'l6Psf 5Gf\, sdfp wGbfdf nflu k/]sf km"ndfofx? df]6fP/ km;L{ ePsf 5g\ . cleefjs nufgL ub{5 / nufgL cg';f/sf] kl/0ffd gcfP qmf]w JoQm ub{5 . ljr/f cleefjs p;nfO{ s] yfxf, lzIfs t Ps P]h]G6 dfq xf] eg]/ ga'‰bf ga'‰b} ;f]emf] ?kdf lzIfs bf]ifL 7xl/G5 .

ljxfg b]lv a]n'sf ;Dd lg/Gt/ sIff k9fpg k7fP/ Ps b'O{ lkl/o8 lnh/ lbP/ sIffsf]7fdf u'G›'s vfFb\of em} vf8]/ u'0f:t/sf] b'xfO{ lbg] ;~rfns dflkmofx? cfGwf 5g\ of alx/f . o"/f]lkog / cd]l/sg lzIff k4ltsf] dfu{ k5\ofpb}F u/]sf] eg]/ ax; ug]{ dflkmofx? sxfFsf pkh x'g / pgLx?;Fu To:tf] s] cnf}lss zlQm 5 . u'0f:t/s} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] z}lIfs ljlw / lzIf0f k|ljlw ;Fu;Fu} rNg'kg]{ cfjZostf  x'G5 . z'Go k|ljlwsf aLr z}lIfs ljlwsf] :yfkgf x'g ;Sb}Fg .

;dfh ljsf;sf] l;4fGt / dfgj r]tgf cg'?k lg/Gt/ oxfF ;f]emf cleefjs n'l§/xG5g\ . a'em]sf cleefjs klg afWo / ljjz eO/xG5g\ . lsgls a'emSs8 cleefjs;Fu klg ljv]{sf] ljsNk /xb}Fg . slt ljjz, afWotf / uDeL/ 5 Tof] lzIfssf] k]zf, lbgsf] rf}la; 306fdf !^ 306f p;}sf] sfddf nfUg' kg]{ To;} dfly lgDg kfl/>lds .

d]/f] k|Zg o:tf] bnfgaf6 lsg lj›f]x lg:sg ;Sb}Fg < s] of] >lds dfkb08 ljk/Lt x}g, cf7 306f sfd, cf7 306f cf/fd / cf7 306f dgf]/~hgsf] >lds gf/f lj?4 5}g < o;sf ljleGg sf]0fx?sf] cWoog h?/L 5 . ;f]r–ljrf/ / Jojxf/df ;+ls0f{ tL ljv]{ / km"ndfofx?n] s] ;fFRr} z}lIfs kl/jt{g unf{g\ < logLx?nfO{ z}lIfs lj4tf / cWo]tfsf] pkdf k|bfg ug]{ of gug]{ of] ;f]rdUg ljifo xf] <

lgDg r]tgf:t/ / g]kfnL k5\of}6]kg, gLlt–lgod / sfg"gsf bfo/fx? ;fF3'/f] x'g' / g]kfnL ;dfhdf JofKt dflkmoftGqn] ubf{ lg/Gt/ z}lIfs ljsfzsf] b[li6sf]0f cf]/fnL nflu/x]sf] 5 . z}lIfs ;jfndf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;an / cf]lemnf] agfpg' kg]{ bfloTj lgjf{x ug]{ of gug]{ < k/LIff cufj} ToxL k|Zgkqdf ljBfyL{nfO{ /6fg nufP/ cleefjsnfO{ v'zL dfq agfpg] ls ljBfyL{sf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf nflu s]xL sbdx? rfNg], of] dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg cfhsf lzIff lj4x?nfO{ xf] . ljBfyL{sf] af}l4s / /rgfTds Ifdtf k/LIf0f ug]{ k'/fgf] dfkb08 s] cfhsf] ljsl;t / ljZj k|efjL ;dfhdf pko'Qm / ;do ;fGble{s 5 t <

cleefjsnfO{ u|fxs, lzIfsnfO{ /}nL / ljBfnonfO{ Jofkfl/s ynf]sf] ?kdf :yflkt ub}{ xhf/f}+ xs]{, ljv]{ / km"ndfof pTkfbg ug{ sfg"gn] aGb]h nufcf];\ . /fli6«o dxTjsf ljifodf ;/sf/L lgoGq0f /xf];\ . oL Jofkf/Lsf lglDt 7f]; dfkb08 ljsl;t xf]; / gofF z}lIfs ;+/rgf / ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff Jojxf/tM nfu' xf];\ . /fi6«n] ;dodf Wofg k'¥ofcf]:f\, cfhsf] o'udf z}lIfs ljsf; ljgf cfly{s ljsf; / b]z ljsf; c;Dej 5 . d'gfkmf s]lG›t ahf/df z}lIfs ;+:yfnfO{ /flvPdf /fi6« ljsf; / JolQm /fi6«k|lt lhDd]jf/ x'g ;Sb}g eGg] 7DofO xf] .

— cgnfO{g vj/jf6

df]km;n kqsfl/tf

kqsf/n] ;w}+ lgi7fjfg x'g'k5{ .

u0f]z nD;fn -s]Gb|Lo ;b:o_

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3

tkfO{sf] k'/f kl/ro kfpF g

— u0f]z nD;fn . 8]9 bzsb]lv ;lqmo kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf 5' . k'j{ Ps gDa/ k|b]z cGt{utsf] df]/Ë lhNnfsf] la/f6gu/nfO{ a]z agfP/ kqsfl/tfdf 5' . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf k'jf{~rn If]qLo ;x;+of]hs klg 5' . xfn gofFklqsf b}lgs k'jf{~rn Jo'/f]sf ?kdf kfFr aif{b]lv sfo{/t 5' . hgcf:yf ;fKtflxs, /f;; / :yfgLo b}lgs / ;fKtflxs kqklqsfdf ;d]t ;dfrf/ n]Vb} cfPsf] 5' .

slt eof] kqsfl/tf k]zdf  nfu]sf] <

— kGw| aif{  .

s:tf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5 <

— lhNnf:t/sf] l/kf]{6/n] ;a} vfn] ;dfrf/ vf]Hg', n]Vg'k5{ . t/ d]/f] ?rL / bvntf rfFxL dfgj clwsf/, ;'zf;g / ck/fw;Fu hf]l8Psf vf]hk'0f{ / cg';Gwfgd'ns kqsfl/tfdf 5 . 

df]km;ndf a;]/ kqsfl/tf ug{ lgs} ;d:of 5 lg Û

— eG5g x}g, ;fFRr} ;d:of 5 . o;f] t kqsfl/tf hxfF a;]/ u/]klg r'gf}tLk'0f{ k]zf xf] . t/ df]km;ndf k};f, ;do, k|lalw / dfgj ;|f]tdf kx'Fr cflb cefjsf] bjfjn] /fhwfgL eGbf al9 ;d:of ePsf] xf] .

kqsfl/tf k]zfdf nfu]/ s] s] ;d:of ef]Ug' kbf]{ /x]5 <

— ;d:of w]/} cfpF5g, hfG5g . d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] ;dof kqsf/x?n] plrt  kfl/>lds gkfpg' g} xf] . df]km;nsf kqsf/n] cj h]gt]g hLlasf t rnfpg yfn]sf 5g . t/ hLjg rNg ;Sg] cj:yf cem} e};s]sf] 5}g . ;'Tbf, p7\bf, vfFbf, a:bf kqsfl/tf g} eg]/ nflukbf{ klg Pp6f ;s[o >dhLjLnfO{ kl/jf/ kfNg wf} wf} k5{ . 

df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf ;d:ofx? s] s] x'g h:tf] nfU5 <

— ;doodf plrt kfl/>lds gkfpg' . bIf ge}sg /x/n] kqsfl/tfdf cfPsf]n] k|lt:wf{df l6Sg g;Sg' . c? k]zfnfO{ d'Vo agfP klg cfkm'nfO{ kqsf/g} eO{/xg' .

s]lGb|o ldl8ofx?sf] df]km;nsf kqsf/nfO{ x]g]{ b[li6«sf]0f s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

— klxn] eGbf ;'wf/ 5 . t/ cem} zf;gsf] d'Vo afu8f]/df a;]/ kqsfl/tf ug]{x?n] d klg klxn] df]km;nd} lyPF eGg] rfFxL la;{bf /x]5g . ;dfrf/sf d'2fdf klg kIfkft 5 . cem} sf7df08f}+sf dfq hfGg] clg c?lt/sf rfFxL cx|fPsf] ug]{ dfq x'g eGg] cx+tf 5 . s]Gb|sf kqsf/ afFr] ;a}lt/sf afFlr/x]sf 5g eGg] a'emfO{ 5 . csf]{lt/ xfdL df]km;nsf kqsf/n] klg xg'dfgn] cfkm\gf] zlQm yfxf gkfP h:tf] cfkm\gf] tfst yfxf kfPsf 5}gf}+ . hlxNo} xfdL zfl;t g} e}/xg'k5{ eGg] dfgl;stfdf 5f}+ .

df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWod / ;~rf/sdL{sf lk8f p:tfp:t} x'g ls km/s 5g h:tf] nfU5 tkfO{nfO{ <

— df]km;nsf ;+~rf/dfWodd / kqsf/sf ;d:of eGbf p:t} h:tf] nfu] klg km/s km/s 5g . >d / gfkmfg} km/s s'/f xf] . df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWodx? ;d:ofdf 5g, ;|f]tsf] cefj 5, t/ Tof] /fHosf] lae]bsf/L gLlt / cfkm\g} sf/0fn] klg ePsf] xf] . t/ hlt rn]sf 5g\, pgLx?sf] hLlasf rn]s} 5 . t/ kqsf/–x?sf] hLjLsf rNg ufx|f] 5 . df]km;nsf ;+rf/dfWodaf6 cem} kfl/>lds kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ . df]km;nsf ;+rf/dfWod bf]xf]/f] rl/qdf 5g . pgLx? kqsf/ klg x'G5g, gful/s ;dfhsf] ?kdf klg b]vfk5{g clg pBdL Jokf/L klg eO/x]sf x'G5g .  

lo ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ <

— clxn];Dd ;/sf/n] ;+rf/dfWodsf] lxtsf nflu dfq s'/f ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . d]/f] c;xdlt o;}df xf] . cj >dhLjL kqsf/sf] af/]df klg ;/sf/ ulDe/ x'g'k5{ . h:tf] >dhLjL kqsf/x?nfO{ lagf lwtf] Go'g Jofhb/df C0f lbg] Joj:yf ug'{  k5{ . ;~rf/;fdu|L / df]6/;fO{sn vl/bdf s/ ldgfxf ul/lbg'k5{ . 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu nf]gsf] Joj:yf ul/lbg'k5{ . >dhLjL P]g sfof{Gjog s8fO{sf;fy ;a} ;~rf/u[xdf 7f]; of]hgf nfu' ug'{k5{ . ;~rf/ u[xx?nfO{ lhDd]af/ agfpg'k5{ . kqsf/x? ;~rf/;F:yfsfnflu hLp Hofg lbG5g t/ 3fOt] jf ladf/L ePdf tL ;~rf/;F:yfx? x]g{ klg hfFb}gg\ . sltn] t pN6} sfdaf6 lgsfNg] u/]sf 5g . b]z / hgtfsfnflu dl/xQ] u/]/ nflukg]{ kqsf/x? cem} kqsfl/tf If]qdf …o'h P08 y|f]Ú sf] cj:yfdf 5g . hj;Dd kqsf/x? cefjsf] bjfjdf /xG5g tj;Dd gt kqsfl/tfsf] u'0f:t/ a[l4 x'G5 gt cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf x'g;S5 .

tkfO{ cfkm} klg g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] s]lGb|o ;b:o x'g'x'G5, o:tf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf nflu dxf;+3n] s] kxn ul//x]sf] 5 <

— dxf;+3n] s]xL g s]xL t ul/g} /x]sf] 5 . dxf;+3sf] d'Vo lhDd]af/L eg]s} kqsf/sf] k]zfut / ef}lts ;'/Iff ug'{ xf] . xfn} dxf;+3n] kqsf/sf] b'3{6gf ladf of]hgf sfof{Gjgodf NofPsf] 5 . h;n] kqsf/nfO{ s]xL /fxt k'Ug] 5 . o:t} bIftf clea[l4sf nflu k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg u7g u/]/ sfof{Gjogdf NofpFb}5 . o;n] lasf;df ;xof]u k'Ug] 5 . o;afx]s kqsf/sf] ef}lts ;'/Iffsfnflu dxf;+3n] laleGg ld;g / cleofg klg rnfO{/x]sf] 5, h;n] kqsf/sf] ;'/Iffdf ;xof]u k'¥ofO{/x]sf] 5 . t/ cem} dxf+3n] h] ug'{kg]{ xf] Tof] ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . d}n] / d h:t} ;b:ox?n] a}7sdf >dhLjL kqsf/x?sf nflu 7f]; of]hgf Nofcf} / >dhLjL P]g sfof{Gjgo u/fpg /fli6«o cleofg yfnf}+ eg]/ elg/x]sf 5f}+ .

tkfO{ qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+3;Fu klg hf]l8g' ePsf] 5, df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] xs lxtsf nflu kqsf/x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx? sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

— cfjfhnfO{ ;zQm agfP/ bjfjk'0f{ agfpg t e'ldsf 5 g} . t/ dnfO{ rfFxL s] nfUg yfn]sf] 5 eg] cj laBfut ;+u7g afx]s cGo ;+u7gx? x6fpFbf /fd|f] x'G5 . g]tfsf cl3kl5 nfUg / ;/sf/L efua08f vfg] xf]8afhLd} l;ldt 5g dxf;+3sf lkn/ ;F:yfx? klg .  

tkfOs+f] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <

— st{Jo xf] . lgi7f xf] . b]z / ;dfhk|ltsf] bfloTj xf] .

clxn] ;~rf/sdL{x? lbgx'F ab\gfd eO{/x]sf] cj:yf 5, ;dfrf/d} df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{, u}/ sfg'gL lqmofsnfkx? ug]{ h:tf cf/f]kx? nfUg yfn]sf 5g, s] eGg' x'G5 <

— of] kqsfl/tf x}g . cfrf/;+lxtf lakl/t sfo{ xf] . ck/fw xf] . kqsfl/tf eg]sf] b]z / ;dfhk|lt pQ/bfoL eP/ ul/g] k]zf xf] . kqsfl/tf wg cfh{g ug]{  gfkmfd'vL Jokf/ x}g . kqsf/n] ;w} lgi7fjfg / st{Jok'0f{ eP/ k]zf lgefpg' k5{ . xfdLn] n]v]sf] s'/fsf] k|df0fsf] ef/ klg xfdL cfkm}n] k'/ofpg'k5{ .  Joj;flos lgi7f lagfsf dflg;x?n] sJhf u/]sf 5g g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tf . 

tkfO{ t nfUg' ef 5}g xf]nf lg o:tf s'/fdf <

— d cem} ;fOsn r9]/ kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf] 5' . 3/ agfPsf] 5'O{g . kTgL / b'O{ 5f]/L;Fu} sf]7f ef8f lt/]/} hLjLsf rnfO{/x]sf] 5' . 5f]/Lx?nfO{ klg kqsfl/tf k9fO{/x]sf] 5' . 56ofO{ km6\ofO{ ug]{ cfF6 klg 5}g . nf]e klg nfUb}g . ;dfrf/  vf]H5', n]V5', cf]5\ofpF5', cf]9\5', k9\5' / k9fpF5' .

cGTodf s]xL eGg dg nfu]sf] 5 <

— g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf] lasf; h;/L x'g'kg]{ xf] e}/x]sf] 5}g . of] gful/sd}qL sd  / sfkf]{/6 al9 e}/x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ hgd'vL agfpg' k5{ . ;dfrf/x? gful/s:t/af6 cfpg' kg]{df sfkf]{/]6 If]q al9 xfaL  5 . Go'lgs/0fdf nfUg'k5{ . ;dflhs pQ/bfloTj ;lxtsf] kqsfl/tfsf] dd{nfO{ Vofn ug'{k5{ . ;a} ;fyLx?n] kqsfl/tf gfd / bfdsf nflu /x/n] x}g lhDd]af/Lk'a{s st{Jo af]w u/]/ dfq u/f}+ . k9]/ bIf ePkl5 dfq kqsf/ agf} . l;l8cf], O{lGhlgo/ 8S6/, lzIfs agfpg dfq x}g ;a} cleefjsx?n] cfkmgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ klg kqsfl/tf k9fcf+} . k]zdf cl3 a9\g ;xof]u u/f}+ . gl3630019@gmail.com

nf]s;]jf tof/Lsf] nflu pkof]uL

!= 8fla{gsf] Theory of Natural selection l;4fGtsf] s'g g]kfnL j}1flgsn] k'i6L u/] <

— 8f= ;lut nfld5fg]

@= w[t/fi6sf ;o efO{ 5f]/fx?dWo] kf08jsf] kIf lnO{ o'4df ;xefuL x'g] sf] lyP <

— o'o'T;'

#= k'm6ansf] hfb'u/, sfnf] df]tL cflb pkgfdaf6 kl/lrt a|flhnsf k]n]n] s'g b]z la?4 ljZjsk k'm6andf klxnf] uf]n u/]sf lyP <

— j]N;, ;g\ !(%* l:j8]g ljZjsk

$= g]kfndf cf}Bf]lus u0fgfsf] ;'?jft slxn] b]lv eof] < — lj=;= @)@@

% lghfdlt ;]jfsf] nf]uf] l8hfO{g/ sf] x'g < — eLd jxfb'/ yfkf

^= d';x/ hfltsf] s'n b]jtfnfO{ s] elgG5 <   —lbgfe›L

&= g]kfndf k|yd k6s la=;+= @)^* ef› @@ ut] ;jf]{Ts[i6 lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/ s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] < —;'o{ k|;fb uf}td

(= g]kfnsL s'g rlr{t uflosfsf] jf:tljs gfd …8f]ns'df/L sfsL{Ú xf] < —tf/fb]jL

!)= g]kfn clw/fHo aflx/ g]kfnL efiff k9fO x'g] k|yd kf7zfnf sxfF v'n]sf] lyof] <

— ltAatsf] Nxf;f

!)= g]kfndf klxnf] v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm If]q elg sf:sL lhNnfnfO{ slxn] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] <  —la=;+= @)^* c;f/ !)

!!= g]kfndf lsjL kmnsf] >f]t s]G› sxfF :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 <

—bf]nvfsf] rl/sf]6 -lztf]i0f kmnkm'n tyf afujfgL lasf; s]G›_

!@= g]kfnsf] klxnf] afnd}qL gu/kflnsf s'g xf] <   —;'gjn, gjnk/f;L

!#= g]kfndf PSnf] j[x:klt eg]/ s;nfO{ lrlgG5 <   — go/fh kGt

!$= ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf k|of]u x'g] VSAT sf] lj:tfl/t ?k s] xf] <

— Very small aperture terminal

!%= g]kfnsf] lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|j]z ug]{ klxnf] dlxnf sf] x'g < —ldgf /f]Ssf

!^= uf}td a'4 hGdgf;fy g'xfO{Psf] kf]v/L nfO{ s] elgG5 < —k'isfl/0fL lty{

!&= sflnu08sL gbLdfly lgld{t %%& ld6/sf] s'Zdf jn]jf oflGqs k'n slxn]b]lv ;+rngdf cfPsf] lyof] < — la=;+= @)^( dfu{ @(

!*= ef/tLo ;x/df a]lrPsL g]kfnL r]nLsf] lk8fdf cfwfl/t xlnp8 rnlrq ;f]N8 h;af6 dxhf]8Ln] klxnf]k6s xlnp8 rnlrq clego u/] pQm rnlrqsf lgb]{zs sf] x'g\ <  —h]k|mL a|fpg

!(= ;ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ g]kfn sltcf} /fi6« xf] <  —$$ cf+}

@)= dlxnfsf] cf};t cfo' ljZjs} ;a}eGbf al9 ePsf] /fi6« s'g xf] < —hfkfg, *^ jif{

@!= nf]s;]jf cfof]un] vl/bf/ tyf ;'Aafsf kbsf k/LIffyL{x¿nfO{ klg k|yd r/0fsf] k|f/lDes k/LIff lbg' kg]{ lg0f{o slxn] u¥of] <   —lj=; @)&@ ebf} @( ut]

@@= ev{/} @)&@, dl;/ !& ut] dgfOPsf] !@ cf} /fli6«o dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod ;]ljsf lbj;sf] gf/f s] to ul/Psf] lyof] <

— …dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod ;]ljsfsf] ;]jf, :j:y ;dfhsf] nflu 6]jfÚ

@#= g]kfndf xfn gu/kflnsf / uflj;sf] ;+Vof slt slt 5 <

— @!& gu/kflnsf / #!%& uflj;

@$= ev{/} @$ ;]K6Da/, @)!% df ;fpbL c/]ljofsf] dSsf zx/df ltyf{6gdf uPsf slthgf xhofqLx¿sf] b'Mvb lgwg ePsf] lyof] <  —&!& hgf

@%=g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ hf/L ePsf] pknIodf g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\n] slt b/sf  :dfl/sf l;Ssf lgsfNg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 <  — ¿ @))) / ¿ !))

@^= lj; @)&@ ;fnsf] nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] ÚkB>L k'/:sf/Ú k|fKt ugss ;h{sx¿ sf] x'g <  — pk]Gb ;'Aaf / df]xg d}gfnL

@&= …Ps ca{ ko{6s M Ps ca{ cj;/Ú eGg] gf/f ;lxt ;g\ @)!% df dgfOPsf] ljZj ko{6g lbj; sltcf}+ xf] <  —#^ cf}+

@*= k6s k6s u/L xfn;Dd cGtl/Ifdf ;a}eGbf a9L cjlw latfpg] /l;og    cGtl/If ofqL …h]Ggf8L kf8fNsfÚ n] slt cjlwsf] /]s8{ agfPsf 5g <  —&( lbg

@(= o;jif{ @)&@ df g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|lti7fgn] k|bfg ugss Úlj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f k'/:sf/Ú s:n] k|fKt u/]sf 5g <  — k|f 8f xl/b]j kGt

#)= g]kfnL n3'ljQsf lktf dflgg] g]=/f=a}=sf k"j{ 8]k'l6 ue{g/ 8f xl/b]j kGtsf] lgwg slxn] eof] <  — lj; @)&@ ebf} @! ut]

#!= lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df08f}+n]Ú l8lh6n l8:Kn]Ú k|0ffnLsf] ;'¿jft slxn]b]lv u¥of] <  —lj=;+= @)&@ ebf} @@ ut]af6

#@= g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfndf slxn]b]lv smart driving licence lbg z'¿ u/]sf] xf] <

— lj; @)&@ dl;/ !$ ut]

;|f]t ;+sns M /fd lai6

;flxTo÷;[hgf

k/fO{ ePsf] d dfG5]

d]/f] cfˆgf] eGg'

sf]xL 5}g oxfF

d t ;a}sf nflu

Ps k/fO{ x'g k'u]5' .

d]/f] cfˆgf] dfG5]

sf]xL x'g ;s]gg\

d t ;a}b]lv

6f9f 6f9f eO uP5' .

efjgfdf plAhPsf]

cg'ejsf] ;fu/n]

cfkm}leq lk/f]n]/

dg t 6'qmf 6'qmf eO;s]5g\

lt/:s[t cg'xf/df

wf]sfsf] cfefif lnP/

dg cfkm}leq cf]OnfPkl5

x[bodf cfz ;hfP/

d t a}/fuL kf] eP5' .

cfF;'sf yf]kf r'xfpb}

PsfGt 7fpFdf d k'u]5'

cfˆgf hLjgsf] vf]hLdf

gfËf] k]6 lnP/

rf/}lt/af6 d]/f cfFvfx?df

Jofs'ntf nf]nfP5g\

lsgsL, d]/f] cfˆgf] dfG5]

sf]xL x'g ;s]g ca

d t ;a}sf nflu

Ps k/fO{ eO;s]5' .

c?0fjxfb'/ vqL …gbLÚ

;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg

sd{rf/L cfjZostf ;DjlGw ;"rgf

k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&@÷!)÷# ut]

g]kfn cGwf sNof0f ;+3n] 8f]6L lhNnfdf b[li6ljlxg tyf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf]df o; aif{b]lv tkl;n cg';f/sf ufla;x?df sfo{qmd yk la:tf/ ug]{ ePsf] x'Fbf lgDg adf]lhdsf sd{rf/Lx? cfjZos ePsf]n] O{R5's ;DjlGwt lhNnfsf :yfoL a;f]jf; ePsf JolQmx?jf6 b]xfo jdf]lhd l/tk"j{s cfj]bg lbg x'g ;"lrt ul/G5 .

tklzn

!= sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu yk ul/g] :yfg M

 !=! d'8\e/f ufla;, 8f]6L —k'g:yf{kg sfo{stf{ ! hgf

 !=@ dfGgfsfk8L ufla;, 8f]6L— k'g:yf{kg sfo{stf{ ! hgf

 !=# d'8\e/f, dfGgfsfk8L, lb=l;=g=kf= lv/;}g, a5}{g -8f]6L_, ;xhk/, lgufnL -s}nfnL_ ufla;,

   — sfo{qmd ;xfos ! hgf .

@= k'g:yf{kg sfo{stf{sf] nflu 8f]6L lhNnf / sfo{qmd ;xfossf] nflu 8f]6L tyf s}nfnL lhNnfsf] ;xhk'/ / lgufnL ufla;df a;f]jf; ePsf JolQmx?n] ;d]t cfj]bg kmd{ eg{ ;Sg] 5g\ t/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf / sfo{qmd yk ul/g] ufla;sf pDd]bjf/nfO{ laz]if u|fx\otf lbO{g]5 .

#= cfj]bg kmd{sf] ;fydf gful/stf / cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|ltlnkL ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

$= s/f/ ;]jfsf] cjlw ! jif{sf] x'g]5 .

%= ckfËtf ;DjlGw sfo{ u/]sf] cg'ej k|fKt JolQmnfO{ laz]if u|fx\otf lbO{g]5 .

^= ;+3sf] lgodfg';f/ ;]jf ;'lawf pknJw u/fO{g]5 .

&= pd]/ M !* jif{ k'uL #% jif{ ggf3]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

*= z}lIfs of]Uotf M k'g:yf{kg sfo{stf{sf] nflu sDtLdf k|j]lzsf -SLC_ k/LIff pQL0f{ / sfo{qmd ;xfossf] nflu k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx -±@_ pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .

(= 5gf}6 k|lqmof M lnlvt / cGt/jtf{ k/LIffjf6 ul/g]5 .

!)= lnlvt k/LIff ;~rfng x'g] ldlt M

l k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf nflu M @)&@÷!)÷!( ut]

l sfo{qmd ;xfossf] nflu M @)&@÷!)÷@! ut]

l lnlvt k/LIffsf] nflu k'g:yf{kg sfo{stf{sf] xsdf dfGgfsfk8L If]qsf] a5}{g pRr dfWoflds laBfno, a5}{g / cGo If]qsf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{stf{ / sfo{qmd ;xfossf] nflu kb\d klJns pRr dfWoflds laBfno, l;nu9L 8f]6Ldf ;~rfng x'g]5 .

!!= sfo{qmd ;xfossf] nflu sDKo'6/ tyf n]vf ;DjlGw 1fg ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

!@= sfo{qmd ;xfossf] sfo{If]q dlxgfdf %)Ü kl/of]hgf sfof{no l6sfk'/ / jfFsL %)Ü ;do sfo{qmd ;~rfng If]qdf sfo{/t /xg' kg]{5 .

!#= cfj]bg b:t'/ M k'g:yf{kg sfo{stf{sf] nflu ?= @)).– / sfo{qmd ;xfossf] nflu ?= @%).– cfj]bg b:t'/ jfkmt nfUg]5 . -of]Uotf k'u]sf s'g} Ps pDd]bjf/n] b'j} kbdf kmd{ e/]df b'j} kmd{ jfkmt cnu cnu b:t'/ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

!$= cfj]bg cfO{k'Ug] cGtLd ldlt M @)&@÷!)÷!& ut]

!%= sfo{ ug{ rfx]sf] If]qdf cfj]bsn] s'g} ! If]qsf nflu -P_ nufpg' kg]{5 .

!^= O{R5's JolQmx?n] tklzn cg';f/ s'g} Ps :yfgjf6 cfj]bg kmf/fd lnO e/L a'emfpg ;lsg]5 .

!^=! g]kfn cGwf sNof0f ;+3, l6sfk'/, s}nfnL

— ;Dks{ g+= )(!–%^)$)(, (*$*$$&%!@ -ef]u]Gb| rf}w/L_

!^=@ l;nu8L — ckfË ;]jf ;+3, 8f]6L — rGb|f dnf;L, ;Dks{ g+= (*^*%$**)*

!^=# dfGgfsfk8L, a5}{g If]qsf] nflu M a5}{g ufla;sf] sfof{no –ladnf jd, ;Dks{ g+= (*$*^##%%*

g]kfn cGwf sNof0f ;+3

kbk'lt{ ;ldlt

jN8{ lehg cGt/fli6«o g]kfn 8f]6L, ;dfg kx'Fr lasf; s]Gb| -l;8_ g]kfn, lhNnf jfn sNof0f ;ldlt / laDa g]kfnL ;fKtflxsåf/f hf/L

afn ;+/If0f ;Gb]z

Affn–aflnsf tyf lszf]/–lszf]/Lx¿sf] ;xeflutf eg]sf] s] xf] <

…k|lqmof, lg0f{o tyf ultljlwx¿nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ sfo{df afn–aflnsf tyf lszf]/–lszf]/Lx¿ ;xefuL x'g' xf] .Ú

¨ afnaflnsfx¿sf s'/f jo:sx¿n] ;'Ì] tyf To;k|lt Wofg lbg]

¨ afnaflnsfx¿n] cfˆgf ljrf/ tyf rf;f] JoQm ug]{

¨ kl/of]hgfx¿sf] of]hgf th{{'df, Joj:yfkg, sfof{Gjog tyf d'NofÍgdf afnaflnsfx¿ ;xefuL x'g'

¨ lg0f{o ug]{ k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfx¿ ;+nUg x'g'

¨ afnaflnsfx¿åf/f kxn / k|lqmofsf] lhDd]jf/L u|x0f

afn–aflnsf tyf lszf]/–lszf]/Lx¿sf] ;xeflutf lsg <

¨ of] cfkm}+df dfgj clwsf/ xf]

¨ ;xeflutf cfTd–ljsf;sf] cfwf/ xf]

¨ k|efjsfl/tf tyf lbuf]kgfnfO{ a9fpFb5

¨ ;d'bfodf d'Nojfg\ of]ubfg ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ub{5

¨ hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lk clej[l4 ub{5 / cfTd–;+/If0fsf nflu ;Ifd kfb{5

¨ k|hftflGqs d'No–dfGotfsf] cleÌ cË

¨ gful/s ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ub{5

cy{k"0f{ tyf k|efjsf/L afn ;xeflutfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ tTjx¿

¨ Ifdtfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f, Ifdtf clej[l4

¨ g]t[Tj, hLjgf]kof]uL tflnd, ¨ cj;/

¨ afn Snax¿sf] ;~hfnx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 kfg'{ xf];\, ;Ë7gfTds Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ug'{xf];\

¨ afn Snax¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ sfo{

¨ ;'/lIft tyf ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] vfnsf] jftfj/0f

¨ Affnaflnsfx¿sf] s'/f ;'Ì] jo:sx¿ ;a} txdf Ifdtf clej[l4

¨ kl/jf/, ljBfno, ;d'bfosf bf}Ft/L tyf jo:sx¿sf ;sf/fTds ;DaGw, ;Ddfg, ljZjf;,

¨ ;Ë7gx¿sf aLrdf ;~hfn tyf u7aGwgx¿sf] u7g

;"rgf Û ;"rgf ÛÛ ;"rgf ÛÛÛ

;]tL c~rn oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no, wgu9L s}nfnLjf6 hf/L ePsf] g+= !!—!@&!( sf] d]/f] 8«fO{leË nfO{;]G; oxL ldlt @)&@ ;fn k'if @( ut]  88]Nw'/fjf6 8f]6L cfpg] qmddf jf6f]df x/fPsf]n] kfpg' x'g] dxfg'efjx?n] tnsf] kmf]g g+= df jf glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ul/lbg x'g  cg'/f]w ul/G5 . .

lxSdt 3n]

)($–$!!)@#, (*$*$#!*%$

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf lk58f ju{sf] clwsf/

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf lk58f ju{sf] xs clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 M

¨ ;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrt ug]{ /fHosf] /fhgLlts p2]Zo x'g] .

¨ cfly{s ;dfgtf, ;d[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .

¨ ;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf lk58f ju{ nufot gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f jf ljsf;sf nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ .

¨ ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 k/]sf lk58fju{ ;d]tnfO{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf] lgsfodf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs x'g] .

¨ cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts cj;/ / nfesf] ;dfg ljt/0f tyf To:tf ;d'bfoleqsf ljkGg gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;sf cj;/ tyf nfesf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ .

¨ pTkLl8t tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zQmLs/0f, ljsf; / cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf cj;/ tyf nfesf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ .

¨ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;fdflhs Gofo k|bfg ubf{ ;a} lnË, If]q / ;d'bfoleqsf cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGgnfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg ug]{ .

¨ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'g] k|ltlglw ;ef / k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu /fhgLlts bnn] pDd]bjf/L lb+bf ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ug]{ .

¨ lk58f ju{ ;d]tsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ;+j}wflgs cfof]usf] ?kdf /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] Joj:yf .

¨ g]kfnL ;]gfdf lk58f ju{ ;d]tsf] k|j]z ;dfgtf / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ul/g] .

¨ g]kfnL /fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglw;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm ul/g] .

¨ ;+j}wflgs c+u / lgsfosf kbdf ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm ul/g] .

g]kfn ;/sf/

sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno

g]kfn ;/sf/

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu