बिम्ब नेपाली साप्ताहिक, मिति २०७२ साल पुष २८ गते मंगलवार

d'Vo ;dfrf/

g]kfnL ;]gfd} x/fP tf/fsf >Ldfg\

glhs–glhs} 3/ lyof], jNnf]kNnf] ufpF . e]63f6 eO{  /xGYof], sltj]nf dfof a:of], kQ} ePg . pd]/n] t pxfF d eGbf s/Lj Ps jif{ sfG5f] x'g'x'GYof] t/ klg dfof a;]kl5 pd]/sf] s] ;d:of eof] / < xfdL b'j}n] lax] ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of}+, lax] eof] klg t/ ;'vb\ bfDkfTo hLjg eg] latfpg kfO{Pg .

b'uf{df08f}+ ufla;–# sf] au/ lkn]sfF8fdf @)$@ ;fndf hlGdPsL tf/fb]jL a'9fdu/n] laBfno uP/ sv/f ;Dd klg l;Sg kfO{gg\ . pgL laBfno ghfg'sf] sf/0f u/Lj kl/jf/df hGd x'g'g} lyof] . pgL xf]; ;Dxfn]b]lvg} 3/fo;L sfdd} xft a9fpg yflng\, a:t'efp :ofxfg]{, 3f;bfp/f sf6\g], l9sLhfFtf] ug]{d} pgsf] jfNosfn laTof] . …k9\g uO{Pg, Toltj]nf k9fO{ jf/] ;f]Rg ;Sg] r]tgfg} lyPgÚ tf/f elG5g\ …kfl/jfl/s cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f klg d laBfno hfg ;lsgF .Ú

d]nfkft ug]{ qmdd} b'uf{df08f}+ ufla;–! sfn9'Ëfsf cfkm'eGbf s/Lj Ps jif{ sd pd]/sf xs{ a'9fdu/;+u pgsf] e]63f6 eof] . e]63f6n] pgLx?nfO{ glhs jgfpFb} nUof] / cGttM a}jflxs jGwgdf klg jfFWof] . …d}n] t d]/f] dfO{tL 3/df s;}nfO{ klg hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyPg lax] ug]{ s'/f t/ pxfFsf] 3/df yfx lyof]Ú   tf/f ;DemlG5g\ …3/jf6 NofP/ cfO{hf eg]sf 5g, hfpF eGg' eof] clg d pxfFs} 3/df uPF .Ú

tf/f lax] u/]/ 3/ uPs} lbgb]lv pgnfO{ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] 3[0ff ug{ yfn] . pgL 3[0ff ;xFb} uO{g . la:tf/} 3[0ff zf/Ll/s oftgf;Dd k'Uof] t/klg pgL ;xFb} uO{g . …;f;'n] xft RofKg'x'GYof], gGbn] s'l6\ygÚ cfFvfe/L cfFz' / uxe/L lk8fsf ;fy tf/f lt lbg ;DemlG5g\ …;;'/fn] dlb/f ;]jg u/L cfP/ ufnL ug'{ x'GYof], tF uO{xfn d]/f] 3/jf6 eGg' x'GYof] .Ú

cfkm\g} >LdtLdfyL cGofo eO{/xFbf ;d]t s'g} k|ltlqmof glbg] >Ldfg\ xs{ a'9fdu/ @)^@ ;fndf tTsfnLg zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf hfFlu/] eP . >Ldfg\sf] ;fx/f gePklg e/f};fdf jfFlr/x]sL tf/fnfO{ >Ldfg\ klg 3/df gx'g] ePkl5 yk lk8f dx;'; eof] . pgLdfyL oftgf ylkb} uof] . @)^# ;fn h]7df pgn] 5f]/f] hGdfO{g . kfl/jfl/s tgfjsf sf/0f pgnfO{ cfkm\gf] 5f]/f] slt ut] hlGdPsf] xf] eGg] ;d]t hfgsf/L 5}g .

otf 5f]/f] hGd]sf] v'zL ptf kl/jf/n] lbO{/x]sf] oftgf, To;}dfyL cj >Ldfg\ klg la:tf/} 6f9f eO{/x]sf] pgnfO{ cg'e'lt eO{/x]sf] lyof] . @)^$ ;fndf >Ldfg\n] csf]{ lax] ug'{ eof] eGg] vj/ ;'lgg\ tf/fn] . pgn] >Ldfg\nfO{ vj/ k7fP/ 3/ jf]nfO{g . pgsf >Ldfg\ 3/ cfP klg . t/, pgn] cfkm'n] csf]{ lax] u/]sf] :jLsf/]gg\ . …d}n] csf]{ lax] u/]sf] 5}g, ltldnfO{ d sxfF 5f]8\g ;S5'  / < hflu/jf6 5'§L gldn]sf sf/0f dfq} 3/ cfpg g;s]sf] xf]Ú eGg' x'GYof], d}n] klg laZjf; u/]F, tf/f elG5g\ …@)^% ;fnb]lv pxfFn] 3/ cfpg klg 5f]8\g' eof] . d;+u s'g} ;Dks{ klg x'Fb}g .Ú

cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\ 3/ klg gcfpg] / ;Dks{ klg gug]{ ePkl5 @)^% ;fndf tf/f   ;'/lIft cNksfnLg lhNnf dlxnf ;]jf s]Gb|sf] ;xfotfdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;'b"/klZrd k[tgf d'Vofnodf k'lug . pgL ToxfF k'u]kl5 emg x/]; eO{g, d'Vofnon] pgsf >Ldfg\n] hflu/ 5f]l8;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbP5 . Tof] lbgb]lv clxn];Dd pgsf >Ldfg\ sxfF 5g, hflu/ ub}{5g ls 5f]8]sf x'g eGg] klg Plsg ePsf] 5}g .

lk8fs} aLr pgsf] hLjgdf Ps csf]{ 36gf eof] . @)^^ ;fn >fj0f d;fGtsf lbg, ;'b"/klZrddf cf]Ns] rfF8 dgfO{G5 . Tof] lbg 3/df ;fdfGo eGbf km/s kl/sf/sf] vfgf kfSof] . kl/jf/sf ;j} ;b:ox?n] vfgf vfP, tf/fn] klg vfO{g t/ tf/fsf ;;'/f  /0fjxfb'/ a'9fdu/ /ftL cj]/;Dd klg 3/ cfPsf lyPgg\ . 5f]/f;+u} tf/f klg lgbfO{g\ . g;fsf] dftdf /ftL s/Lj @ jh] ;;'/f cfP/ l;w} tf/fsf] sf]7fdf k;] . pgn] tf/fsf] huN6f tfGb} 3/jf6 jflx/ lgsflnlbP .

…/ftL @ jh]sf] 5, 3/jf6 jflx/ lgsfn]kl5 s] ug]{ s] ug]{, eof], jflx/ j;]/ /ft latfPF, ef]nLkN6 laxfg} k|x/L rf}sLdf uP/ lgj]bg lbPF . k|x/Ln] kl/jf/sf dfG5]x?nfO{ jf]nfP/ 5nkmn u¥of] . dnfO{ cnu j;]/ vfg] jftfj/0f jGof], d To;/Lg} j;]F .Ú ;f]xL jif{ df3df pgL w]/} la/fdL eO{g . pgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] pgnfO{ s'g} jf:tf u/]g .

…la/fdL eP/ 56\k6fO{– /x]sL lyPF, s;}n] klg jf:tf u/]g . d}n] ufpFsf] Pshgf jfj'nfO{ dfOtLdf k7fPF . ltd|f] 5f]/L dg{ nfu]sL l5g\ d'v x]g]{ eP cfpg' eg]/ vj/ k7fPFÚ Tof] If0f ;Demb} n/v/fpFbf]  :j/df tf/fn] elgg\ …vj/ ;'g]/ cfdf / j'jf cfpg' eof] .Ú To;kl5 ufpFsf dfG5]sf] ;xf/fdf tf/fnfO{ b'uf{df08f}+ :jf:Yo rf}sL k'¥ofOof] . :jf:Yo rf}sLn] pgnfO{ cGoq l/km/ u¥of] . pgnfO{ /ftf/ft ;'–hË c:ktfn k'¥ofO{of] . pkrf/ u/]/ lgsf] klg eO{g . t/ pgn] Tof] lbg b]lv dfOtd} a:g] lg0f{o ul/g . elG5g\ …la/fdL x'Fbf ;d]t kfgL lbg] dfG5] gkfO{g] 7fpFdf a;]/ s] u?F, kfFr jif{kl5 km]/L kms]{/ ot} cfPF .Ú

clxn] pgL dfO{td} jfv|f kfng u/]/, d]nfkft u/]/ hLjg lgjf{x ul//x]sL l5g\ . pgn] o'Pg j'd]gsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf 6«]lgË ;]06/ g]kfnåf/f ;~rfng u/]sf] tLg dlxg] jfv|fkfng ;DjlGw tflnd ;d]t kfPsL l5g .

tflnd lbP/ ;+:yfn] tLg jfv|f klg lbPsf] lyof] t/ b'ef{Uo, s}nfnLsf] a'8]tf]nfjf6 afv|f Nofpg] qmddf uf8Lsf] 5tjf6 v;]/ Ps afv|f] d¥of] .  pgL Totfjf6 klg 7luO{g . clxn] pgL dfO{tL3/d} jfv|f kfng u/]/ a;]sL 5g . …b'O{ afv|f Totfjf6 kfPsf 5g, b'O{ c? 5gÚ cj afv|f kfn]/} hLjg latfpg] of]hgf jgfPsf] 5' . …of] 5f]/f]nfO{ k9fpg kfP x'GYof] eGg] ;f]r]sL 5', cj >Ldfg\sf] t s] cfz ug'{ * jif{;Dd ;Dks{d} 5}gg\Ú tf/f elG5g\ …Ps ;fgf] uNtLn] olt 7'nf] b'Mv kfO{bf] /x]5 .Ú 5f]/f] /ljGb| k9fOdf /fd|f] ul/lbP x'GYof] eGg] rfxgf /flV5g\ tf/f .

;DkfbsLo

;]nfPsf] cleofg

;g @)!! df 8f]6L lhNnfsf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] Ps /0fgLlts kq tof/ u/] . pQm /0fgLlts kqn] 8f]6L lhNnfnfO{ ;g @)!% leq lhNnfnfO{ v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ k|ltj4tf ul/of] . …3/ 3/df ;/;kmfO{sf] cleofg, ;Eo gful/ssf] klxrfgÚ eGg] gf/f ;lxt …vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ /0fgLlts of]hgf, @)!!–@)!%Ú gfd lbO{Psf] pQm    /0fgLltdf lhNnfnfO{ v'Nnflbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ s'/f dfq} lyPg, lhNnfsf] vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{sf] laifodf klg Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm /0fgLltn] ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] lhDd]jf/L ;d]t tf]s]sf] lyof] .

tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L cg';f/ sfd ug{ u/fpg, eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxLx?sf] cg'udg ug{ / /0fgLltsf ;j} ;/f]sf/–jfnfx?aLr ;dGjo ug{sf nflu :yfgLo lasf; clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lhNnf:t/Lo vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;dGjo ;ldlt 8f]6L u7g ul/of] . To:t} k|sf/sf] ;ldlt ufpF lasf; ;ldltdf klg ufla; ;lrj jf ;j{dfGo JolQmsf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g ug]{ k|fJwfg /flvof] . ;ldltx? u7g klg eP, ;s] cg';f/sf] sfd klg u/] .

olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lhNnfnfO{g} v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug{ ;lsPg . %) j6} ufpF lasf; ;ldltx? v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff eO{;Sbf Ps j8f dfq} 3f]if0ff u/]/ klv{/x]sf] lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfn] klg zt k|lt;t       3/x?df zf}rfno gjg]/} ;j} j8fnfO{ v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] 5 . o; cl3 ;j}n] g/kflnsfsf sf/0f lhNnfnfO{ 3f]if0ff ug]{ sfo{ l9nf] x'g yfn]sf] k|ltlqmof lbFb} cfPsf lyP t/ l9n} ePklg gu/kflnsfn] ;j} j8fx? t 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . t/ gu/nfO{ eJo ?kdf ug]{ of]hgfsf ;fy kv]{/ j;]sf] 5 . Tof] eJo sfo{qmd slxn] x'G5 eGg] yfx 5}g .

gu/kflnsfn] dfq} xf]O{g clwsf+; ufpF lasf; ;ldltx?df klg zt k|ltzt zf}rfno gjg]/} v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ul/of] . /0fgLlts of]hgfsf ;fem]bf/ s]xL u};;x?n] klg pknJwL b]vfpg' kg]{ ePsf sf/0f lgs} xtf/ u/]/ lgs} tfdemfdsf ;fy 3f]if0ff t u/] t/ Tof] 3f]if0ff cg';f/sf] k|efj k/]sf] b]lvb}g . sltko ufpF lasf; ;ldltx?nfO{ lhNnf:t/Lo vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;dGjo ;ldltn] km]/L cg'udg u/L km]/L 3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf ;d]t /x]sf] 5 .

h] xf];\, Ps;/f] ePklg ufpF lasf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfsf ;j} j8fx? v'nf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff eO{;s]sf 5g t/ lhNnfnfO{ v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ cleofg eg] stf stf ;]nfPsf] h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 . lhNnf:t/Lo ;/;kmfO{ ;Dd]ngsf gfddf ut jif{ !@÷!# nfv ?k}ofF lagf sfd vr{ eof] . Tof] ;Dd]ngn] s]xL JolQmx?nfO{ b'O{÷rf/ ?k}ofF sld;g vfg kfpg] 7fpF jfx]s c? s]xL klg lbg ;s]g . of] v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ qmddf lhNnfdf slt /sd vr{ ePsf] 5, To;sf] lx;fj lstfj ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . k|To]s ufla;df ef]h et]/ ul/of], k~r}jfhf jhfO{of] . o;/L vr{ u/]/ klg To;sf] pknJwL b'O{÷rf/ hgfn] leQfdf e'm08\ofpgsf nflu k|df0f kq jfx]s c? s]xL klg kfPgg\ . clxn] clwsf+; If]qx?df v'Nnf lbzf b]lvG5 .

h] xf];\, olt w]/} /sd vr{ eO{;s]kl5 lhNnfnfO{ klg Ps;/f] ePklg v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/lbP x'GYof] . t/ Tof] cleofgg} k"0f{ ?kdf ;]nfPsf] cj:yfdf 5 . of] cleofgnfO{ cuf8L j9fpgsf nflu Ps k6s ;j} km]/L nfUg' kg]{ j]nf cfPsf] 5 . ;]nfPsf] of] cleofgnfO{ Ps k6s km]/L ttfpg' kg]{ h?/L 5 . 

yk ;dfrf/

wd{u|Gy klg ;+;f]wg x'g' kg]{

…;+lawfgdf Joj:yf eP/ s] ug'{ wd{u|Gyx?df lae]b\ sfod} 5, hj;Dd wd{u|Gyx? ;+;f]wg x'Fb}gg\ hlt sfg'g jgfPklg lae]b\ sfod} /xG5 .Ú

8f]6L lhNnf ;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf /x]sf] kb\d klJns d'QmLgf/fo0f pRr dfWoflds laBfnosL k|frfo{ uLtf hf]zL wd{u|Gyx?df ePsf] lae]b\sf/L Joj:yfsf sf/0f dlxnfx?dfyL a9L lx+;f x'g] u/]sf] jtfpFl5g . hf]zL elG5g\ …s'g} klg k|yf, k/Dk/f, k|rng jf ;+:s[ltsf gfddf dlxnfdfyL lae]b\ ug{ gx'g] eg]/ gofF ;+lawfgdf n]lvPsf] 5 t/ dlxnfx?n] CifLk~rdLsf] a|t j:g' kg]{ wfld{s u|Gy sfod} 5 . o;n] ;'b"/klZrdsf] 5fpk8L k|yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .Ú hf]zLn] d'n'sL P]gn] lajfxsf nflu s]6f / s]6Lsf] pd]/ @) jif{ tf]s]sf] ePklg wd{u|Gyx?df klxnf] /hZjnf x'g' k"j{g} sGofsf] ljjfx u/] :ju{ hfg] jf6f] v'Ng], k'0o sdfO{g] eGg] pNn]v u/]sf sf/0f jfnljjfxn] k|>o kfPsf] jtfO{g . …klxnf] /hZjnf t !!÷!@ jif{d} eO{xfN5Ú hf]zLn] elgg\ …wd{u|Gyx?n] ubf{ o:tf ;d:of cfPsf 5g, lo wd{u|Gyx?nfO{ klg ;+;f]wg ug'{ h?/L 5 .Ú

;fd'bflos lasf; s]Gb| 8f]6L gfds u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] /]i6n]; 8]e]nf]kd]06sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rfng ul/Psf] ;Dej kl/of]hgf cGt/ut s]xL lbg cuf8L lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf cfof]hgf u/]sf] …5fpk8L k|yf / n}lËs lae]b\ la?4 ;/f]sf/–jfnfx?sf] e'ldsfÚ laifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf clwjQmf 808L/fh cf]emfn] gofF ;+lawfg / cGo y'k|} sfg'gx?df k|yf, k|rng jf k/Dk/fsf gfddf s'g} klg lae]b\ ug{ gx'g] pNn]v u/]sf] jtfpFb} eg] …lxGb' wd{;+u ;DjlGwt y'k|} wd{u|Gyx?df dlxnf la?4 lae]b\ pNn]v ePsf 5g .Ú h;/L sfg'gx? ;+;f]wg x'G5g, To;/Lg} wd{u|Gyx? klg ;+;f]wg x'g' kg]{ clwjQmf cf]emfsf] egfO{ 5 . pgL eG5g\ …To;}klg b]zsf] d'n sfg'g ;+lawfg xf], ;+lawfg;+u afFlemPsf s'g} klg b:tfj]hx? afFlemPsf] xb;Dd lg:s[o  x'g'k5{ .Ú clwjQmf cf]emfn] u?8 k'/f0f, t'NIfLs[t /fdfo0f, :j:gftL a|tsyf, xl/tflnsf lth, CifLk~rdL, sd{sf08 nufotsf wd{u|Gyx? tTsfn ;+;f]wg x'g' kg]{ jtfP .

lhNnf lzIff sfof{no 8f]6Lsf laBfno lg/LIfs ?k/fd lt?jf sfg'gL Joj:yf / wd{u|Gyx?df ePsf] Joj:yfsf] tfnd]n gx'Fbf laBfyL{x?nfO{ klg ;d:of k/]sf] jtfpF5g . …Psflt/ laBfnodf cWoog÷cWofkg x'g] kf7\o;fdu|Lx?df s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lae]b\ ug{ gx'g] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5Ú laBfno lg/LIfs lt?jf eG5g\ …3/df ul/g] k'hfcfhfdf laBfyL{x?n] lae]b\ ePsf] b]v]sf x'G5g clg laBfnodf cfP/ lae]b\ ug{' x'Gg eg]/ k9\g' k5{, o;n] ubf{ slnnf jfnjflnsfx? klg s] ;xL xf] / s] unt xf] eGg]     s'/f 5'6\ofpg ;Sb}gg\ .Ú

sfo{qmddf ;xeflu lszf]/Lx?n] dlxgfjf/L ePsf j]nf s'g} ;d:of b]lvPkl5 :jf:Yo;+:yfdf hfFbf :jf:YosdL{x?n] ;d]t /fd|f] Jojxf/ gug]{ u/]sf] cf/f]k nufOg . kb\d klJns d'QmLgf/fo0f pRr dfladf sIff !@ df cWoog/t Ps 5fqfn] elgg\ …dlxgfjf/L ePsf j]nf k]6 b'v]/ d lhNnf c:ktfn uP t/ ToxfFsf :jf:YosdL{x?n] ltd|f] /f]u lax] u/]kl5 dfq} l7s x'G5, l5§} lax] u/ eg]/ k7fP .Ú pgL elG5g\ …s] To;f] x'G5 / < d]/f] pd]/ t !^ jif{ dfq} ePsf] 5, d clxn] g}   s;/L lax] u? <Ú

:jf:YosdL{ tyf lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no 8f]6Lsf hg:jf:Yo lg/LIfs /d]z dnf;L lax] u/]/ lgsf] x'g] s'g} klg /f]u ls;f]/Lx?df   dlxgfjf/L ePsf j]nf gb]lvg] jtfpF5g . pgL eG5g\ …s'g ;Gbe{df s'g :jf:YosdL{x?n] To:tf] eg]5g\ Tof] t yfx ePg t/ dlxgfjf/L ePsf j]nf b]lvg] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ;d:of pkrf/ / dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ jf6 dfq} ;dfwfg x'G5 .Ú  

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g

n u0f]z df}gL÷l;nu9L

     k'if @&

dfgj clwsf/ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{Gjog tyf ;dGjo ;ldlt 8f]6Ldf klg ;f]daf/ u7g ul/Psf] 5 .

k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L o1/fh af]x/fsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !) ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] xf] . ;ldltsf ;b:ox?df :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, lhNnf :jf:Yo k|d'v / lhNnf GofoflwjQmf /x]sf 5g . o:t} dlxnf ljsf; clws[t, g]kfn af/ P;f]l;o;gsf k|ltlgwL, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf k|ltlgwL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3sf k|ltlgwL / ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L  ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ .

dfgj clwsf/sf If]qdf ul/Psf k|ltj4tfnfO{ sfof{Gogdf ;xof]u ug]{ / lhNnfsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] ;ldIff ug]{ p2]Zon] ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jf]x/fn] hfgsf/L lbP .

/fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf ePsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ /fli6«:t/df k|wfgdGqL sfof{nodf g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrj ;+of]hs /xg] / lhNnf txdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;+of]hg /xg] k|fJwfg cg'?k ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L af]x/fn] atfP . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf a;]sf] a}7sn] ;ldlt u7gsf ;fy} lhNnfl:yt k|To]s sfof{non] dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljifo x]g{sf] nflu Ps hgf sd{Rff/LnfO{ kmf]sn KjfO{G6 tf]sL ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg kqfrf/ ug]{ / dfgjclwsf/ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ cfkm\gf] sfof{no;+u ;DaGwL sfo{ k|ult ljj/0f k|To]s dlxgfsf] # ut]leq ;ldltnfO{ sfo{ k|ult k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ;DalGwt ;a} sfof{nonfO{ kqfrf/ ug]{ lg0fo{ ;d]t ul/Psf] k|lhc af]x/fn] atfPsf 5g\ .

k|lhcnfO{ lgnDjgsf] dfu

n pQ/ lai6÷88]Nw'/f 

     k'if @&

o'jf ;+3 g]kfn 88]Nw''/fn] 88]Nw'/f lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k|]d k|;fb n'O{6]nnfO{ lgnDjgsf] dfu u/]sf] 5 .

lhNnfdf /xFbf kbLo bfloTjsf] b'?kof]u u/L cfly{s clgoldttf u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpb} o'jf ;+3 88]Nw'/fn] k|lhcsf] lgnDjgsf] dfu u/]sf] xf] . ;f]daf/ ljxfg kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ub}{ o'jf ;+3 g]kfn 88]Nw'/fsf cWoIf e'jg kf7sn] k|lhc n'O{6]nnfO{ lgnDjg u/L 36gfsf] oyfl;3| plrt 5fgljg ug{ ;DjlGwt lgsfo;+u hf]8bf/ dfu u/]sf x'g\ . d'n's ulDe/ ;+s6df k/]sf] / :yfgLo lgsfox? hgk|ltlglwljlxg ePsf] cj:yfsf] unt kmfO{bf p7fpb} lhNnfdf ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ u/fpg] sfof{no lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf k|d'v k|d'v cfkm} e|i6frf/df lnKt ePsf[ cf/f]k o'jf ;+3 88]nw'/fn] nufPsf] 5 .

pQm sfof{nosf :6f]/lsk/ 5lj/fh cf]emfsf] gfddf efG;] / :jsLo ;lrjsf] kmlh{ gfddf dfl;s %& xhf/ %%$ ?kofF a'em\b} cfO{/x]sf] ;–k|df0f k'li6 ;d]t o'jf ;+3n] u/]sf] 5 . To;} u/L k|lhcs} ldn]dtf]df lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf nflu kmlg{r/ vl/b g} gu/L k'/fgf] kmlg{r/ dd{t u/L gofF vl/b ul/Psf] kmlh{ ljn k]z u/L tLg nfv ?kofF /sd lxgfldgf u/L e|i6frf/ u/]sf] ;d]t o'jf ;+3 88]Nw'/fn] yk k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . b]zdf ;+ljwfg hf/L eO{ sfof{Gjogdf hl6ntf pTkGg eO{/x]sf] cj:yfdf wldnf] kfgLdf df5f dfg]{ p2]Zosf ;fy lhNnfsf k|d'v lhDd]jf/L jxg ul//x]sf JolQmaf6 ePsf] l;nl;nfj4 clgoldttfk|lt o'jf ;+3 88]Nw'/f v]b k|s6 ub{5 lj1KtLdf pNn]v 5 .

lhNnfsf] ;'zf;g tyf kf/blz{tf sf] cg'udg tyf lgodg ug]{ sfof{nosf] pQm lqmofsnfkn] /fi6«;]js sd{rf/L / l;+Ëf] 88]Nw'/f lhNnfsf] ul/df / k|lti7fdf ulDe/ cf3ft k'u]sf] lj1KtLdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L lhNnfsf cGo sfof{nox?df ;d]t k|lhc n'O{6]nsf] ldn]dtf]df ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g ljkl/t dgf]dfgL 9+un] cf–cfkm\gf lgs6sf JolQmx?nfO{ cg'lrt nfe k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] sf]6]zg ljt/0f ul/ Jofks clgoldttf eO{/x]sf ;"rgf o'jf ;+3n] k|fKt u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;Dj4 kIfn] sf/jfxL k|lqmof cuf8L ga9fP o'jf ;+3 g]kfn 88]Nw'/f o:tf ultljlwsf lj?4 s8f ;+3if{ ug{ afWo x'g] hfgsf/L ;d]t k|]; lj1KtL dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 .

cem} #) k|ltzt gful/s lg/If/

n s]zj kGt÷s~rgk'/

     k'if @&

s~rgk'/ lhNnfdf cem} #) k|ltzt gful/sx? lg/If/ /x]sf] tYofª\sn] b]vfPsf] 5 .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt s~rgk'/n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] tYofª\s cg';f/ s~rgk'/df cem} #) k|ltzt gful/s lg/If/ /x]sf 5g\ . lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt s~rgk'/sf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L df]xg kf}8]nsf cg';f/ xfn;Dd &)=&( k|ltzt gful/s ;fIf/ ePsf 5g\ . ;f9] rf/ nfv eGbf a9L hg;+Vof /x]sf] s~rgk'/ dfgj ljsf; ;'rsfª\ssf] #( cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] kf}8]nn] jtfP .

s~rgk'/df ;fgf / e"ldut l;FrfO{ u/L &%=@( k|ltzt e"–efudf l;FrfO{sf] ;'ljwf /x]sf], ;a} uflj; / gu/kflnsfdf ljB'tsf] ;'ljwf k'u]sf], lhNnfe/Lg} ;8ssf] ;'ljwf ePsf] kf}8]n] hfgsf/L lbP . kf}8]nn] x]08kDk;lxt *$ k|ltzt hg;+Vofdf vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ePsf] tYofª\s ;jf{hlgs u/]sf 5g .

&% k|ltzt gful/sn] zf}rfnosf] k|of]u ul//x]sf] tyf s~rgk'/sf gful/ssf] cf};t cfo' ^$ bzdnj ! jif{ /x]sf] ;d]t lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] tYofª\sdf b]vfOPsf] 5 . s~rgk'/nfO{ k"0f{ ;fIf/ agfpg, v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm 3f]if0ff ug{ / k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{o'Qm agfpgsf nflu ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ .

c5fd o'jf ;~hfndf c5fd

n xf]d ;fpFb÷c5fd

     k'if @&

olx k'; @$ ut]jf6 ;'? ePsf] lhNnf o'jf ;~hfn c5fdsf] t];|f] lhNnf clwa]zgjf6 cWoIfdf lqmofl;n kqsf/ xf]d ;fpFb ;j{;Ddt lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g .

@% / @^ ut] u/L b'O{ lbg rn]sf] clwj]zgsf] aGb ;qn] ;fpFb ;lxt @! ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] xf] .

lhNnfsf # gu/kflnsf, %^ j6f uflj; / !# j6} O{nfsfjf6 cfPsf k|ltlglwx?n] nfdf] 5nkmn kZrft cWoIf ;lxt kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox?nfO{ ;j{ ;Ddt rog u/]sf] lgjf{rg d08nsf ;+of]hs v8s v8\sfn] atfP .

gj lgjf{lrt lhNnf ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf d+un;]gsf d]g'sf 9'+ufgf / ljgfossf /d]z /fjt, ;lrjdf cf]lnufFpsf sdn /fjn, ;x ;lrjdf rfkmfdf08f}+sf uf]laGb b]jsf]6f / e}/j:yfgsf lblksf s'Fj/ tyf sf]iffWoIfdf jfAnfsf ldg afAnL -ldng_ /x]sf 5g .

aGb ;qn] !# j6f O{nfsf jf6 !# hgf ;b:o, kfFr hgf dlxnf / tLg hgf blnt ;b:o /xg] u/L @! ;b:oLo ;ldlt rog u/]sf] xf] . clwj]zgsf] aGb ;qn] lgjt{dfg cWoIf dbg s'df/ e''nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf gf} ;b:oLo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt klg u7g   u/]sf] 5 .

s'l/tL, s';+:sf/, ljs[lt la;+ult, b'Jo{jxf/ / b'Jo{;lgsf] lgsf;, o'jfx?df Pstf, l;h{glzntf, ;"rgf, k|ljlwdf kx'Fr / o'jfdf pBdlzntfsf] lasf; eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy kf}if @$ ut] af6 ;'? ePsf] clwa]zg pb\3f6g c5fdsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ofd k|;fb ;'j]bLn] u/]sf lyP . 

;fy}, clwj]zgn] o'jf ;lxtsf] pBdlzn c5fdsf] kl/sNkgf ;lxtsf] /0fgLlts of]hgf ladf]rg / o'jfx?sf ;jfnnfO{ ;dfj]z ub}{ !@ a'Fb] c5fd 3f]if0ffkq klg hf/L u/]sf] 5 . gjlgjf{lrt lhNnf ;ldltsf] klxnf] a}7sn] klg !@ a'Fb] c5fd 3f]if0ffkq / % jif]{ /0fgLlts of]hgfnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ultljwL cuf8L a9fFpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . cWoIf xf]d ;fpbsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] a}7sn] ljleGg ljefuLo pk;ldlt u7g ug'{sf ;fy} ljleGg O{nfsfaf6 cfPsf k|ltlglw / ko{j]IfsnfO{ wGojfb lbPsf] 5 . clwa]zgnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;xof]u ug]{ lgjf{rg d08n, cWoIf d08n, lhNnfsf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo, kqsf/, k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{ klg a}7sn] wGojfb 1fkg u/]sf] 5 .

a}7sn] :yfgLo lgsfosf] of]hgf th{df k|lqmof b]lvg} o'jfx?sf] ;zQm Pj+ ;lqmo ;xeflutf ;lxt pgLx?nfO{  kl/rfng ug{ ;DjlGw lgsfodf cg'/f]w ug]{ nufotsf lg0f{ox? u/]sf] gjlgjf{lrt ;ldltsf cWoIf ;fpbn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g .

!@ ;f+;bsf] c+lus[t gful/stf

gofF ;+lawfg lgdf{0f u/L Joj:yflksfdf ?kfGt/0f ePsf] ;+lawfg;efdf !@ hgf c+lus[t gful/stf ePsf ;f+;bx? /x]sf 5g .

gofF ;+ljwfgn] g]kfnL gful/s;+u ljjfx ug]{ ljb]zL dlxnfnfO{ gful/stf af6 al~rt u/]sf] eGb} t/fO{df unt k|rf/ eO{/x]sf j]nf ;f+;bx?g} c+lus[t gful/stfwf/L ePsf] v'n]sf] 5 . …!@ hgfsf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5Ú ;+;b ;lrjfnosf Ps sd{rf/Ln] eg] …c? klg x'g ;S5g c+lus[t gful/stf  ePsf .Ú

;+ljwfg;efsf] ;dfkg;Fu} :jtM ?kfGtl/t eP/ ag]sf] Aoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;b:osf ?kdf b]zsf] ;jf]{Rr ljwfogL c+udf axfn 5g\ . 

bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;ef -xfnsf] ;+;b_ df xfn axfn /x]sf kfFr ;o (& ;f+;bx?dWo] !@ hgf dlxnf ;f+;bx?n] j}jflxs c+lu[st gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ;a} hgf g]kfnL k'?if;+u ljx] u/]sf ef/tLo r]nL /x]sf] tTsflng ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfno -xfnsf] ;+;b ;lrjfno_ sf] clen]vdf pNn]v 5 . tTsflng ;ef;b\x?n] e/]sf] j}olQms ljj/0f cg';f/ Ps bh{g ;ef;b\n] j}jflxs c+lu[st gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

;lrjfnosf Ps clwsf/Lsf cg';f/ tTsflng ;+ljwfg;efdf c+lu[st gful/stf ePsf ;ef;bsf] ;+Vof Ps bh{g eGbf a9L x'g ;S5 . …;a}sf] gful/stfsf] clen]v lemsfP/ s'g} cWoog ePsf] 5}g,Ú tL clwsf/Ln] eg], …tTsflng ;ef;b\ :jo+n] e/]sf] j}olQms ljj/0fsf cfwf/df !@ hgfdfq} c+lus[t b]lvPklg c? sltkon] To:tf] ljj/0f pNn]v gu/]sf klg x'g ;S5g\ .Ú o:tf ;f+;bx? sf+u|];, Pdfn], Pdfcf]jfbL, dw]zL / cGo ;fgf bn;+u ;DjlGwt 5g .

ladfg:ynjf/] cfn]sf] bf]>f] afrf

cfn]du/ ! df anfo/ @ df

c;f]h bf];|f] ;ftf gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fsf al/i7 O{lGhlgo/sf ;fy lbkfon ladfg:ynd} cfO{k'u]sf Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo a}slNks ;b:o Pj+ ;f+;b k|]djxfb'/ cfn]du/n] lbkfon ladfgsf] dd{t u/L @)&@ ;fnsf] ltxf/leq} k/LIf0f p8fg u/fpg] jfrf    u/]sf lyP . pgsf] pQm jfrf cg';f/ g t ladfg:ynsf] dd{t g} x'g ;Sof] g k/LIf0f p8fgg} .

klxnf] jfrf u/]sf] tLg dlxgfkl5 ;f+;b cfn]du/n] ladfg p8fgsf] laifodf km]/L csf]{ jfrf u/]sf 5g . pgn] kmfu'g bf];|f] ;ftf b]lv ladfg:yn dd{tsf] sfd ;'rf? x'g] atfPsf 5g\ .

cfO{taf/ 8f]6L afFemssfgL ufla;sf] @) cf} ufp kl/ifb pb\3f6g ug]{ qmddf cfn]du/n] ;f] s'/f atfPsf  x'g\ . g]tf cfn]du/n] 8f]6L ladfg :yndf klxn] cfkm\gf] kxndf b'O{ s/f]8 %) nfv ah]6 lalgof]hg u/fPsf] / xfn rf/ s/f]8 %) nfv yk lalgof]hg u/fO{ s'n ;ft s/f]8 ah]6 lalgof]hg u/fPsfn] 8f]6L ladfg :yn rf8}g} sfnf]kq] x'g] atfP .

laut nfdf] ;dob]lv jGb /x]sf] 8f]6L ladfg:yn ;'rf? ug{sf nflu cfn]du/ h:t} w]/} g]tfx?n] k6s k6s cfZjf;g lbb} cfPsf ePklg ladfg ;~rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . c;f]h bf];|f] ;ftf ladfg:yn dd{t / :t/f]GgtLsf nflu O{li6d]6 jgfpg] eGb} k|flws/0fsf al/i7 O{lGhlgo/ afns[i0f /]UdLsf 8f]6L cfPsf cfn]du/sf] 8f]6L pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 nufot :yfgLojf;Lx?n] eJo :jfut u/]sf lyP .

;f+;b cfn]du/n] afFemssfgLdf ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo s]G›sf] :yfkgf ug]{, lh0ff]{4f/ cj:yfdf /x]sf] sfne}/a dlGb/sf] kvf{nsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu ah]6sf] Joj::yf ldnfpg] nufotsf lasf; lgdf{0fsf of]hgfx?df cfkm'n] kxn ug]{ jfrf u/]sf lyP .

g]tf cfn]du/ 8f]6L lhNnf lgjf{rg If]q–@ jf6 lahoL ePsf x'g . pgL clxn]sf] lgjf{rg If]q–! laleGg ufpF kl/ifb\sf] pb\3f6g / kf6L{sf cfGtl/s ultlalwdf 5g .

ptf 8f]6L If]q–! jf6 lahoL ;f+;b tyf g]kfnL 8f]6L sf ;efklt la/jxfb'/ jnfo/ 8f]6L If]q–@ sf laleGg :yfgx?df 3'ld/x]sf 5g . laleGg ufpF lasf; ;ldltsf kl/ifb\x?sf] pb\3f6g / kf6L{sf] cf;Gg dxflwj]zgnfO{ dWo]gh/ ub}{ ;+u7g la:tf/sf] sfo{df anfo/ Jo:t /x]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;|f]tn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

g]tf anfo/n] laleGg ufpF lasf; ;ldltsf kl/ifb\x?sf] pb\3f6g ug]{ qmddf If]q–@ sf] lasf;sf] nflu cfkm'n] kxn ug]{ jtfP 5g .

df3Lsf] k"j{ ;+Wofdf e'jf

df3Lsf] /f]gs;+u} lhNnfsf laleGg e'jf d]nf ;'? ePsf 5g . 

kf}/fl0fs sfndf sf}/j dfly kf08jn] ljho k|fKt u/]sf] lbgsf] ;Demgfdf of] kj{ dgfpg] ul/G5 . e'jf kj{ kf}if s[i0f cfdfjfZo cyf{t k'if] cf};Lsf lbgaf6 ;'? x'G5 . tLg b]lv kfFrlbg;Dd dgfOg] kj{ lhNnfsf afFemssfgL, 8f}8, lv/;}g, nf6fdf08f}+ nufotsf laleGg :yfgdf dgfO{b}5 . lhNnf ;b/d'sfd l;nu9L glhs} /x]sf] lbl;gkf–^ sf] afu7fF6fsf] e'jfn] gu/jf;Lx?n] laz]if cfsl;{t ug]{ u/]sf] lautsf jif{x?df b]lvPsf] 5 . 

kf}/fl0fs sfndf kf08j / sf}/j aLr ePsf] n8fOsf] ;Demgf :j?k o'4 snfsf xltof/ k|of]u u/L e'jf kj{ v]Ng] k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . o; kj{nfO{ c;To dfly ;Tosf] ljho ePsf] lbgsf] ?kdf klg lng] ul/G5 . e'jf kj{sf] cjlwe/ k'?ifx? xftdf t/jf/ / v's'/L lnP/ o'4 snfsf] k|b{zgL u/L cfTdLotf, efOrf/f / ;b\efj afF8\g] k/Dk/f 5 .

5f]6s/L ;dfrf/

ufpFd} gfsfjGbL

…ef/tn] xfd|f] b]zdf nufPsf] h:tf] gfsfjGbL l5d]sL ufla;n] xfd|f] ufla;sf nflu nufof], To;sf/0f xfd|f] ufla;df ;8s cfpg ;s]g .Ú

lwsf{df08f}+ ufla;sf k"j{ hgk|ltlglw v8sjxfb'/ jf]x/fn] b'uf{df08f}+ ufla;jf;Ln] jf6f] glbPsf sf/0f lwsf{df08f}+df ;8s cfpg g;s]sf] jtfP . lkmofg g]kfnsf] k|flalws ;xof]udf lwsf{df08f}+ ufpF lasf; ;ldltn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?n] /fv]sf lh1f;fx? ;Djf]bg ub{}{ jf]x/fn] pQm s'/f jtfPsf x'g .

sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?n] ufla; ;lrjn] lgoldt ?kdf ufla;sf] sfof{nodf j:g' kg]{ jtfPsf lyP .

lrGtfdf ls;fgx?

c;f]h b]lv nuftf/ k/]sf] ;'Vvfsf sf/0f ux'F pTkfbg gx'g] 8/n] ls;fgx? lrGtfdf k/]sf 5g .

ux'F jfnL nufpg] ;dodf aiff{t gePsf sf/0f clwsf+; 7fpFdf hldg jfFemf] /x]sf] 5 . s]xL 7fpFdf ls;fgx?n] vf]nfsf] kfgLn] l;+rfO{ u/L 5/]sf] ux'F klg nfdf] ;do;Dd kfgL gkbf{ dg]{ cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . 8f]6L lwsf{df08f}+sf s[ifs eQmjxfb'/ jf]x/f eG5g …nfdf] ;dob]lv kfgL k/]sf] 5}g, kfgL ePsf] 7fpFdf t l;+rfO{ u/]/ v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 t/ kfgL gkg]{ 7fpFdf s] ug'{ <Ú

o:t} lk8f kf]V5g\ …8f]6L sflnsf:yfgsf uf]kfn yfkf . pgn] eg] …o:t} cj:yf /xg] xf] eg] lgs} ef]sd/L x'g] vt/f /x]sf] 5 . nfdf] ;do kfgL gkbf{ ls;fgx? s[lif pTkfbg 36\g] 8/n]  lrGtfdf k/]sf 5g .

n]v

k'Uof] ;/sf/ Û xfdLn] w]/} kfO{;Sof}+

d'/fxl/ k/fh'nL

pBf]udGqL ;f]dk|;fb kf08]n] aGb /x]sf;/sf/L pBf]u rnfpg] tof/L eO/x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . tL pBf]u rnfP/ hgtfnfO{ yk ;]jf ;'ljwf lbg] /] Û klxn] afa'/fd e§/fO{ / o;cl3sf pBf]udGqL dx]z a:g]tn] klg o;} eg]sf lyP .

x'g t dGqLsf s'/f xfdLn] kTofpg 5fl8;s]sf 5f}+, t}klg eGg}k5{, …ef], k'Uof] ;/sf/ Û ;/sf/L pBdaf6 xfdLn] w]/} ;'ljwf kfO;Sof}+ ÛÚ ;/sf/L pBf]u lsg rNg'k5{ eGg] clxn] k|:6 ePsf] pgnfO{ nfu]sf] /x]5. olta]nf t eO/x]sf ;/sf/L pBf]u klg aGb ug{'kg]{ /x]5 eGg] kf] nfUg'kg]{ Û

cfon lgud ;/sf/L :jfldTjs} xf], o;n] lsg OGwg cfk"lt{ ;xh agfpg ;s]g < cK7]/f] k/]sf] a]nf hgtfsf] ;xof]uL lsg aGg ;s]g < ljB't k|flws/0f klg ;/sf/s} xf], lsg nf]8;]l8ª lbgsf] !@ 3G6f k'Uof] < l5§} !* 3G6f k'Ub}5 /] Û vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgn] d]nDrLsf] kfgL Nofpg] slxn] xf] < g];gn 6«]l8ªn] clxn] s] Jofkf/ ul//x]sf] 5 < b;}+–ltxf/df a]RgnfO{ p;Fu Pp6f u]8f] lrgL lyPg . g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] ;]jfaf/] xfdL ;a} hfgsf/} 5f}+ .

clxn];Dd hLljt s'g} klg ;/sf/L ;+:yfgsf] gfd lng'xf]:f\, ltgn] eg]sf] sfd u/]sf] e]l6g] 5}g . cy{ dGqfnon] a;]{gL ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx¿sf] jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff -kx]Fnf] lstfa_ ;fj{hlgs u5{ . of] lstfanfO{ k|ult ;dLIff elgPklg jf:tjdf ;+:yfgx¿sf] b'u{ltsf] km]xl/:t xf] . lsgls, lstfa k9\g] sf]xL pT;fxL jf cfzfjfbL x'g ;Sb}g . lstfan] 3f6fdf hfg] / s/bftfn] hDdf kf/]sf] ;DklQsf] gfz ug]{ ;+:yfgsf] ;+Vof lg/Gt/ a9]sf] b]vfpF5 . ;d:ofx¿ lbgk|ltlbg ljs/fn aGb} uPsf] b]vfpF5 . oL ;+:yfgsf] b'/fj:yfsf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <

lstfan] k'/fg} sf/0f bf]xf]¥ofPsf] x'G5 . ;/sf/L k|ltj]bgdf ;/sf/ jf /fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf sf/0f ;+:yfgx¿ vQd ePsf x'g\ eGg] s'/f cfPg . ;Qfaflx/sf s;}n] s]xL n]v] jf eg]sf] cj:yfdf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k, k'/fgf] k|ljlw, Jofj;flos /0fgLlt cefj, clws sd{rf/L, of]Uo hgzlQm cefj, e|i6frf/ cflbnfO{ cf}+Nofpg] ul/G5 .

jf:tjdf oL sf/0f ;txdf b]lvPsf dfq x'g\ . ;+:yfgx¿sf] d'Vo / Ps dfq ;d:of eg]sf] ;/sf/L :jfldTj g} xf] . ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf ePs}n] /fhgLlts x:tIf]k ePsf] xf], clws sd{rf/L ePsf x'Gf, of]Uo sd{rf/Lsf] cefj ePsf] xf], pko'Qm Jofj;flos /0fgLlt gag]sf] xf], gofF k|ljlw lelqg g;s]sf] xf] . ;/sf/n] ;+:yfgx¿ rnfO/xFbf;Dd oL ;d:of Ho"FsfTo"F /xg] 5g\ .

;/sf/L gx'Fbf] xf] t ;+:yfgx¿df /fhgLlts x:tIf]k s;/L x'GYof] < clws sd{rf/L s;/L x'Gy] < Joj:yfkg s;/L cnkq x'GYof] < caf}{+ ?k}ofF 3f6f x'Fbf klg tL ;+:yfg s;/L hLljt} /xGy] . To;}n], ;+:yfgsf] b'/fj:yfsf] sf/0f ;/sf/L :jfldTj g} xf], afFsL ;a kl/0ffd x'g\ .

xfdL sf/0f / kl/0ffddf em'lSsg' x'Fb}g . ;+:yfgx¿ ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf x'g' /f]u xf] eg] /fhgLlts x:tIf]k, e|i6frf/, cJoj:yf, clws sd{rf/Lnufot nIf0f dfq x'g\ . /f]u lgd{"n geP;Dd nIf0fx¿ b]vf k/L g} /xG5g\ .

oL ;+:yfgnfO{ slxn]sfxLF ;/sf/Lsf] ;§f ;fj{hlgs klg eGg] ul/G5 . t/, oL ;+:yfg lgtfGt ;/sf/L x'g\ . ;fj{hlgs elggnfos u'0f s'g} ;+:yfgdf 5}gg\ . s'g} ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ oL ;+:yfg cfˆgf x'g\ eGg] nfUb}gg\ . tL ;+:yfgdf ePsf] nufgL, ;~rfngsf] tf}/tl/sf, ltgn] ug]{ pTkfbg jf lbg] ;]jf s]xL;Fu klg cfdg]kfnLn] cfkm"nfO{ hf]8\g ;Sb}gg\ .

emG8} cf7 bzs nfdf] Oltxf;df ;+:yfgx¿n] cfh{g u/]sf] 5lj eg]sf] ;Qf;Lgx¿n] n'6\g] / cfdhgtfn] b'Mv kfpg] ;/sf/L pkqmd g} ;+:yfgx¿ x'g\ eGg] xf] . o:tf] 5ljsf ;+:yfg ;/sf/L g} x'Gf, ;fj{hlgs x'g} ;Sb}gg\ . cfdhgtfn] cfˆgf] eGg g;s]sf] / hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL g/x]sf] ;+:yfg ;fj{hlgs x'Fb} xf]Og .

jf:tljs cy{df ;+:yfgx¿ ;fj{hlgs geO/x]sf] cj:yfdf logLx¿ pFef] nfUnfg\ eg]/ sNkgf ug{' klg x'Fb}g . logLx¿ cl:tTjdf /x]s} ;Qf;Lgsf] :jfy{k"lt{sf nflu xf] . lghL If]qaf6 lrgL ldn, h'6 pBf]u, l;d]G6 sf/vfgf, r'/f]6 pBf]u, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf ;/sf/ cu|;/ x'g' l7s} lyof] . u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 s]xL nfv ?k}ofF lgsfn]/ s'g} pBd rnfpg sl7g cfheGbf &)÷*) jif{ cl3sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] To:tf] kxn ug{' clgjfo{ lyof] . clxn] g]kfnLn] :yfkgf / ;~rfng u/]sf] pBf]u ax'/fli6«o sDkgL alg;s]sf 5Gf, g]kfnL pBdL kmf]A;{sf] ca{klt ;"rLdf kl/;s]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf klg ;/sf/n] Jofkf/ ul//xg] / ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf oL ;+:yfg ;kmn jf c;kmn x'g] dfgs ltgsf] gfkmf–gf]S;fgnfO{ agfpg' Pp6f a]:jfbsf] 7§f xf] .

bzsf}+b]lv g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt cl:y/ 5 . l56f]l56f] x'g] ;Qf kl/jt{gsf sf/0f s';L{df s]xL dlxgfsf nflu cfpg] kfx'gfsf] Wofg oL ;+:yfgaf6 s;/L clwstd nfe p7fpg] eGg] dfq x'G5 . oL ;+:yfgaf6 hgtfnfO{ s;/L nfe k'¥ofpg] eGg] x'Fb}g . em'lSsP/ s;}n] o:tf] ;f]r /flvxfNof] eg] p;sf] ;f]rn] d"t{¿k lng] a]nf;Dd pm ;Qfaf6 aflxl/;s]sf] x'g]5 . df]xgzdz]/otf kl5Nnf] ^% jif{df $# k6s d'n'ssf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v kl/jt{g x'g'n] oxL atfpF5 . Pp6f sfo{sf/Lsf] efudf cf};t % ;o %@ lbg . olt 5f]6f] cjlwdf s;}n] klg b]z / hgtfsf] lxt x'g] bL3{sflng sfd ug{ ;Sb}g .

g]tfx¿nfO{ ;xL sfd u/]/ ;Qfdf l6ls/xg] cj:yf gePkl5 k'gM kms]{/ cfpg cfjZos rnv]ndf nfUg'kg]{ afWotf x'G5 . ;Qf/f]x0f ug]lalQs} o:tf cj;/sf] vf]hL ;'? eOxfN5 . ;+:yfgx¿ To:tf ;Defjgfo'Qm If]qdWo] Ps x'g\ . ljleGg dGqfnodf afFl8Psf ;+:yfg tfn'sjfnf dGqLx¿nfO{ v]Ng] d}bfg aGg k'U5g\ . dGqL cg's"nsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt cWoIf, ;~rfns / k|d'v sfo{sf/L . oxLFaf6 ;'? x'G5 ;+:yfgx¿sf] lahf]u . ;+:yfg dfkm{t s] lbg ;lsG5 eGbf To;af6 s] kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotfaf6 lgb]{lzt ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 c;n sfdsf] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsFb}g . clg s] sf] Jofj;flos /0fgLlt, hgzlQm Joj:yfkg, pGgt k|ljlw, pTkfbg, ahf/, u|fxs, gfkmf ===.

oL ;a} s'/fsf] hflgkmsf/ cy{ dGqfnon] gfkmf3f6fsf] cfwf/df ;+:yfgsf] d"Nof+sg ug{' a]sf/ xf] . sf]/f ;}4flGts s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg ;+:yfgx¿ gfkmf3f6fsf nflu ag]s} xf]Ogg\ . hgtfsf] ;]jf ug{ v8f ul/Psf x'g\ . xfd|f] Jojxf/df klg To:t}      b]lvG5 . k/n d"NoeGbf ;:tf]df t]n a]Rg] cfon lgud, lah'nL a]Rg] ljB't k|flws/0f, g'glrgL a]Rg ;fN6 6"]l8ª, C0f lbg] t/ ltg}{ gkg]{ s[lif ljsf; a}+s, g]kfn a}+s, /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s / PgcfOl8;L 8]enkd]G6 a}+s ag]sf x'g\ . 8'a] s;nfO{ s] x'g] xf] / < ;/sf/ ljZj a}+ssf] l;kmfl/;o'Qm Pp6f ;'wf/ of]hgf NofpF5, C0f klg p;}n] lbG5, e'QmfgL hgtf u5{g\ .

dGqL kf08]n] ca s'g} ;/sf/L pBf]u lghLs/0f gul/g] b[9tf JoQm ub}{ aGb pBf]unfO{ klg ;~rfngdf Nofpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] o; ;DaGwdf cy{ dGqfno / k|wfgdGqL;Fu klg s'/fsfgL eO;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . lghLs/0fs} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg ;/sf/;Fu s] g} 5 / pBf]un] rr]{sf] 3/ / hUufafx]s < plxn] afh]sf] kfnfsf] k|ljlw, lvof nfu]sf d]l;g t xf] lg Û g ahf/df ks8 5, g u|fxs 5g\ . g lrlgg] 6]«8dfs{ 5, g laSg] k|ltlnlk clwsf/ . afFsL s]xL g/x]/ lj:tf/}lj:tf/} cjZoDefjL d[To'j/0f u/]sf tL ;+:yfgnfO{ g lapFTofpFbf /fd|f] x'G5 . o;}klg pBf]u Joj;fo eg]sf ch/ cd/ x'b}gg\ .

sfnqmd;Fu tfnd]n ldnfpg g;Sbf ;+;f/e/ w]/} /fd|f / 7"nf pBf]u aGb ePsf 5g\ . emg xfd|f  ;/sf/L pBf]u t rn'~h]n klg /fd|/L rn]sf xf]Ogg\ . dxfb]jn] ;tLb]jLsf] zj af]s]/ lx8] h;/L ;/sf/n] tL pBf]ux? af]s]/ lx8]sf] lyof] .

;/sf/L pBf]uwGbfnfO{ ;lDemP/ gf]:6flNhs x'g]x¿ klg e]l6G5g\ . …cxf]Û kmnfgf] pBf]u slt /fd|f] lyof], s:tf /fd|f pTkfbg lyP, slt dfG5]n] sfd kfO/x]sf lyP,Ú pgLx? eGg] u5{g . t/ tL pBf]u rnfpg] gfddf ;du| d'n'ss} /fhgLlt / cy{tGq s;/L ljs[lt ePsf] lyof] eGg] s'/fsf] x]Ssf pgLx? ub}{gg\. sf+u|];, Pdfn] jf s'g} dGqLn] l:ylt lauf/]sf] xf] eGg] pgLx? nfO{ nfU5 . s'/f To;f] xf]Og, ;+:yfg eg]sf rf}tf/Lsf dfbn x'g ;Sg]n] ahfpF5g .

To;}n] g}ltstf, cfbz{ / l;4fGtsf] cy{/fhgLlt d'lR5{t cj:yfdf /x]sf a]nf rf}tf/Ldf dfbn /fVg} x'b}g . sltko ts{ u5{g, …;ayf]s lghL If]qsf e/df 5f]8\g] xf] eg] t aaf{b eOxfN5g lg Û lghL Jofkf/L t :jfyL{, nf]lekfkL x'G5g .Ú Ps l5g ;f]rf}+, ;/sf/df hfg] dfG5] sd :jfyL{ x'G5 < sd nf]eLkfkL x'G5 < :jfyL{ jf lg:jfyL{ x'gnfO{ ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/ aflx/ x'g'k5{ eGg] 5}g . a?, ;/sf/df x'Fbf JolQm a9L :jfyL{ x'G5 . 

 pBf]u Joj;fo ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf x'g'x'Fb}g . ;/sf/ hgtfsf] Ph]G6 xf], ;/sf/L sd{rf/L ;/sf/sf Ph]G6 . hgtfsf] cfˆg} Ph]G6n] sfd gu/]sf] cj:yfdf Ph]G6sf] klg Ph]G6n] s;/L sfd unf{ < ;/sf/L sd{rf/L ;]jfu|fxLk|lt slQ klg hjfkmb]xL gePsf] xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . tLg} Ph]G6sf] klg Ph]G6 ;~rfns /xg] ;/sf/L ;+:yfgn] hgtfsf] ;]jf;'ljwfdf Wofg lbG5g eg]/ s;/L ljZjf; ug]{ <

;/sf/L pBf]u Joj;fon] lbg] j:t' tyf ;]jf s:tf] x'G5, xfdLn] ef]lu;s]sf 5f}+ . dl/;s]sf pBf]unfO{ Ao'FTofP/ hgtfnfO{ oftgf lbg] sfd gu/f}+ . s/bftfsf] k};f nufpg'kg]{ cfjZos If]q c? klg 5g\ . pBf]uwGbfdf ;/sf/n] yk nufgL gu/]s} j]z .  —;]tf]kf6Ljf6

df]km;n kqsfl/tf

k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtfsf jf/]df :ki6 5}g

;'/t /fjt …8f]6]nL sfG5fÚ -k|wfg ;Dkfbs_

;'b"/ 8]nL klqsf, s}nfnL

tkfO{+sf] k'/f kl/ro kfpF g <

— d]/f] gfd ;'/t /fjt …8f]6]nL sfG5fÚ xf] . hGd :yfg ltvft/–@, 8'd|fsf]6, xfn rf}dfnf–*, s}nfnL . xfn d wgu9Laf6 k|sfzg x'g] ;'b"/ 8]nL klqsfdf k|wfg ;Dkfbssf ?kdf sfo{/t 5' .

s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5 <

— d ;fdflhs la6df kqsf/Ltf ug{ ?rfp5' .

slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] <

— @)%( ;fnb]lv o; k]zfdf lqmofl;n 5' .

df]km;ndf a;]/ kqsfl/tf ug{ slQsf] uf/f] ;f/f] b]Vg' eof] <

— kqsf/LtfnfO{ /fHosf] rf}yf] c+usf ?kdf kl/eflift ul/Pklg o; If]qdf y'k|} ;d:ofx? b]lvPsf 5g\ . sndsf aflGsn] ;dfrf/sf] dfWodjf6 aflx/ Nofpg' kg]{ sfo{ ug{ hl6n g} x'G5 . Psflt/ cfkm' cg's'n ;dfrf/ gcfPs} sf/0f wfs wlDs, xTof, ckx/0fsf] >[+vnf /f]lsosf] 5}g . o;nfO{ Go'gLs/0fsf nflu /fHon] rf;f] b]vfPsf] 5}g . csf{tkm{ >dlhjL kqsf/ P]g nfu' gx'Fbf kqsf/n] cfly{s ;d:of klg ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . ;dodf kfl/>lds gkfpg], lgo'lQm kq gkfpg], plrt tna gkfpg] ;d:of oyfjt 5 . o;tkm{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf] Wofg hfg' h?/L 5 . 

g]kfndf kqsfl/tf k]zfdf nfu]/ ;d:o} ;d:of em]Ng' k5{ eGg] klg    ul/G5 lg Û

— xf] Tof] rfFxL ;fFrf] s'/f xf] . d}n] dfyL g} eg] lg, lt ;a} sf/0f ;d:of lgs} 5 .

df]km;n} ePklg s}nfnLnfO{ t kqsf/x?sf nflu pj{/ If]q dflgG5, slQsf] sdfpg' eof] <

— tkfO{n] eg] h:t} s}nfnL kqsf/x?sf nflu pj{/ If]q rfFxL kSs}  xf] . t/ d O{dfGbf/Ltf / akmfbfl/tfsf ;fy cfˆgf] k];fsf] dfg db{g gx'Fg] u/L sfd ul//x]sf] 5' . h;n] kqsf/Ltfsf] ul/df ldr]/ kqsf/LtfnfO{ sdfO{ vfg] ef8f] agPsf 5g\ pgLx?n] /fd|f] sdfO{ u/]sf 5g\ xf]nf . cfkm'n] t slxn] g/fd|f] ul/Pg s;}n] cf}nf p7fpg] 7fpF /flvPsf] 5}g / /flvb}g klg .

tkfO{sf] larf/df df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx? s] s] x'g <

— ;dodf kl/>lds gkfpg', lgo'lQm kq gkfpg', yf]/} kfl/>ldsdf sfd ug{' kg]{ afWotf, ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe'lt gx'g' nufotsf y'k}| ;d:ofx? 5g\ .

df]km;nsf ;~rf/pBdLsf lk8f s] s:tf 5g\ <

— lgZro g} ;~rf/ pBdLsf lk8f lgs} 5g\ . ;~rf/ pBdLn] kof{Kt la1fkg / ahf/ gx'Fbf ;d:of v]Kg' k/]sf] 5 .

lo ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ <

— df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWodsf] lxt cg's'n la1fkg gLlt Nofpg ;s] ;~rf/ dfWodsf] :t/f]pGgtL x'g ;S5 .

o:tf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] s] kxn ul//x]sf] b]Vg' ePsf] 5 <

— df]km;nsf kqsf/ / ;~rf/ dfWodsf] lasf;sf nflu kqsf/ dxf;+3n] h'g lsl;dsf] e'dLsf v]Ng' kg]{ xf], Tof] b]lvPsf] 5}g . oBkL guGo ?kdf s]xL sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 .

df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] xs lxtsf nflu kqsf/x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

— kqsf/sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx?n] klg vf;} e"ldsf v]n]sf] b]lvb}g .

tkfOs+f] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <

— kqsf/Ltf ;dfhsf] bk{0f xf] . cfjfh lalxgx?sf] cfjfh xf] . /fHosf] rf}yf] c+u xf] .

t/ clxn] t ;~rf/sdL{x? lbgx'F ab\gfldt eO{/x]sf] cj:yf 5, ;dfrf/d} df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{, u}/ sfg'gL lqmofsnfkx?df ;+nUg x'g], gLlh :jfy{df nfUg] h:tf cf/f]kx? nfUg yfn]sf 5g, s] eGg' x'G5 <

— To:tf] ug{' ;/f;/ unt xf] . h'g kqsf/Ltfsf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf / dof{bf lakl/t sfo{ xf] . o:tf] sfo{ ug]{nfO{ kqsf/ dxf;+3n] sf/jfxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg' k5{ / /fd|f] sfd ug]{nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ ;Sg' k5{ . oBkL s]xL AolQmn] ;dfrf/df df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{ tyf u}/sfg'gL lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o; tkm{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf] Wofg hfg' h?/L 5 .

tkfO{ cfkm} slQsf] ;+nUg x'g'x'G5 o:tf s'/fdf <

— d kqsf/Ltfsf] dof{bf / cfrf/ ;+lxtfdf /x]/ sfd ug]{ dfG5] x'F . dnfO{ s;}n] o:tf] sfo{ u/]sf] e]6] d kqsf/Ltf g} 5f]8L lbG5' . of] d}n] lbPsf] r'gf}tL g} xf] . d cfkm} o:tf] ug{' xF'b}g eGg] kIfdf jsfnt ug]{ dfG5] ePsfn] :jfledfgsf ;fy cfˆgf] k];fdf ;+nUg 5' .

c;f]h # ut] hf/L ePsf] g]kfnsf] gofF ;+lawfgn] ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ s]xL cfz b]vfP h:tf] 7fGg' ePsf] 5 ls Û

— To:df k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtfsf jf/]df :ki6 5}g . ;Rofpg kxn ug{' k5{ . To;sf ;fy} sfg'g ag]/ dfq xF'b}g sfof{Gjog klg ul/g' k5{ .

cGTodf s]xL eGg dg nfu]sf] 5 <

— ;'b"/klZrdsf kxf8L lhNnfaf6 lg/Gt/ ?kdf klqsf k|sf;g ug{' cfkm}df r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ xf] . tyfkL tkfO{sf] klqsf lg/Gt/ ?kdf k|sf;g xF'b} cfPsf]df dnfO{ lgs} v'lz nfu]sf] 5 . laDj ;fKtflxsn] ;~rfng u/]sf] of] :tDe lgs} k|efjsf/L 5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . o;n] df]km;nsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfonfO{ emSemSofpg] u/]sf] 5 .

dnfO{ klg o; klqsf dfkm{t cfˆgf larf/ /fVg] cj;/ k|bfg ug{' ePsf]df oxfFnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{ 5' . ;fy} klqsfsf] pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] sfdgf   ub{5' .

;do / larf/sf nflu wGojfb . 

— wGojfb

nf]s;]jfsf] tof/Lsf nflu pkof]uL

!= ;g\ @)!% df PPkmkLsf] jif{ JolQm 3f]if0ff x'g] JolQmTj sf] x'g\ <

— hd{g rfG;n/ PGh]nf ds]{n

@= nfdf] ;dob]lv Ps ;Gtfg gLlt /xFb} cfPsf] rLgdf b'O{ ;Gtfg hGdfpg kfOg] Joj:yf slxn]b]lv ePsf] xf] < —;g\ @)!^ hgj/L !

#= ef/tdf ;DkGg gjf}+ ;fkm RoflDkog;Lksf] pkflw lhTg] /fi6« s'g xf] <

— ef/t -bzf}+ ;fkm RoflDkog;Lk a+unfb]zdf x'g]_

$= VOIP sf] k'/f ?k s] xf] < — Voice over Internet protocol

%= dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqdf slt wf/f /x]sf 5g\ < — #) wf/f

^= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] s'g wf/fdf ;+j}wflgs Ohnf; u7g ;DaGwL Joj:yf 5 < — wf/f !#&

&= jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] s'g wf/fdf pRr cbfnt;DaGwL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 < — wf/f !#(

*= lj=;+= @)&@ kf}ifdf lrtjgdf ;DkGg !@ cf}+ xfQL dxf]T;jsf] xfQL nDsfO{ k|lt:kwf{sf] pkflw s;n] lhTof] < — PstfsnL …aLÚ

(= …p d/L c/]Ú gfds s[ltsf /rgfsf/ ;'jfz l3l;ª x'g\ eg] …p d/]sL 5}gÚ gfds s[ltsf /rgfsf/ sf] x'g\ <   — afns[i0f ;d

!)= lnR5ljsfndf sltj6f clwsf/0fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] <

— rf/ -s'y]/, dfKrf]s, lnËjn / z'NnLjfzf]Nn_

!!= ljZjs} ;a}eGbf ;fgf] d'›f -hfjf_ lgsfnL lulgha'sdf gfd /]s8{ u/fpg] /fhf sf] x'g\ <  — hok|sfz dNn

!@= g]kfndf hxfgLof /f0ff zf;gsf] lahf/f]k0f ug]{ JolQm sf] x'g\ < — hËaxfb'/ /f0ff

!#= If]qkmnsf lx;fan] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] c~rn s0ff{nL -@!,#%! a=ls=ld=_ xf] eg] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] c~rn s'g xf] <    — dxfsfnL -^,(*( a=ls=ld=_

!$= If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df ;a}egbf 7"nf] lhNnf 8f]Nkf -&,**( a=ls=ld=_ xf] eg] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] lhNnf s'g xf] <   — eQmk'/ -!!( a=ls=ld=_

!%= g]kfnsf gu/kflnsfx?nfO{ slt txdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 <

— # tx -gu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf / dxfgu/kflnsf_

!^= u?8f gu/kflnsf /f}tx6df k5{ eg] if8fgGb gu/kflnsf sxfF kb{5 <

— ef]hk'/

!&= lghL If]qaf6 pTkflbt g]kfnsf] klxnf] hnljB't cfof]hgf s'g xf] < —lvDtL

!*= s'g} kbfy{, k|lqmof jf ;]jfsf] ;DaGwdf u0f:t/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ / To:tf] kbfy{df k|df0f lrGxsf] k|of]usf] Joj:yf ug{ ul7t g]kfn u'0f:t/ kl/ifb\sf] cWoIfsf] x'g] Joj:yf 5 <

— pBf]u dGqL jf pBf]u dGqL lgo'Qm gePsf] cj:yfdf k"0f{ sfo{ef/;lxtsf] pBf]u /fHodGqL

!(= …Ct' ljrf/Ú gfds k|l;4 s[ltsf /rgfsf/ sf] x'g\ <

— slj lz/f]dl0f n]vgfy kf}8}]n

@)= blwrL eGgfn] bfgL Pj+ TofuL a'lemG5 eg] elu/y eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <

— kl/>dL

@!= Brain Drain eg]sf] s] xf] <

— ul/a Pj+ ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«sf j}1flgs 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ Pj+ ljleGg cfly{s nfe / cg';Gwfgsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu ljsl;t b]zdf hfg] / Tot} knfog x'g] l:ylt .

@@= g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cf}Bf]lus If]q s'g xf] <  — x]6f}8f cf}Bf]lus If]q

@#= g]kfndf xfn w]/} gfkmf sdfpg ;kmn ;+:yfg s'g xf] < — g]kfn 6]lnsd

@$= /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof a[l4b/ slt /x]sf] 5 <

— !=#% k|ltzt

@%= cf}Bf]lus qmflGtsf] ;'?jft s'g b]zaf6 ePsf] xf] <  — a]nfot

@^= kfZrfTo /fhgLltsf sf}l6No egL s;nfO{ lrlgG5 <  — d]lsofa]nL

@&= If]qkmnsf lx;fan] ljZjs} ;fgf] /fi6« s'g xf] <  — Eofl6sg l;6L -o'/f]k_

@*= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf w]/} j0f{dfnf ePsf] efiff s'g xf] < — lrlgof

@(= ;flxTodf ;j{k|yd gf]an k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ dlxnfsf] x'g\ <

— ;]Ndfnfu/nf]km -l:j8]g_

#)= s'g j}1flgsnfO Father of Science eg]/ lrlgG5 <   — cNa6{ cfOG:6fOg

#!= s'g u|xnfO{ /ftf] u|x egL lrlgG5 <   — dËn u|x

#@= Eofu't] /f]u, nx/] vf]sL / wg'i6Íf/ lj?4 lbOg] EoflS;g s'g xf] <   — DPT

##= aËnfb]zsf] d'›fnfO{ 9fsf elgG5 eg] e'6fgsf] d'›fnfO{ s] elgG5 < —g]u'N6«d

#$= kfls:tfgsL k|yd dlxnf k|wfgdGqL sf] x'g\ <   a]lglh/ e'§f]

#%= …k|ltzf]w lngsf nflu dflg;x?n] lat]sf] v/faL lt/ Wofg glbP/ efjL c;n sfo{ lt/ Wofg lbg'k5{ .Ú eGg] ljrf/s sf] x'g\ <  — yf]d; xA;

;|f]t ;+sns M /fd lai6

;flxTo÷;[hgf

dfG5]

p:t} 5fnf p:t} xf8

p:t} lt gzfx?

p:t} df;' p:t} /uTf

p:t} lt axfjx?

p:t} d'6' p:t} w8\sg

p:t} lt Zjf;x?

p:t} cfFvf p:t} gh/

p:t} lt b[Zox?

km]l/ of] leGgtf lsg <

clg lje]b lsg <

d dfG5] p dfG5]

ltdL dfG5] xfdL dfG5]

km]l/ of] zq'tfsf] cfef; lsg <

dfG5] dfG5] aLr åGb

dfG5] dfG5] aLr qmGbg lsg <

O{Zj/ plx, k|e' plx

a'4 plx, cNnfx plx

dfq cf:yf km/s x'G5

cflv/ eujfg Ps} x'G5

tf]8 of] ;+ls0f{tf

5f]8 of] wd{ lje]b

kmf]8 of] /Ëe]b

;a} Woo dfgjlxt

cfp ldnf}+ ;a}l;t

dgsf O{iof{ å]ifx?

l/;/fusf cjz]ifx?

;a} ;a} Tofuf}+

Psn] csf{nfO{

;a} wd{nfO{

;Ddfg u/f}+

cfb/ u/f}+

cflTdotfsf] prfFO{ yKb}

Ps xf}+ eGg] dGq hKb}

cl3 a9f}+ dfG5] xfdL

;[li6sf] lgod yfdL

lrgf/L lbpF dfG5] elg

lsgls xfdL dfG5] xf}+

ljj]slzn k|f0fL xf}+

lagf lyË tfdf+u Ú;'gufefÚ

sf7df08f}F, g]kfn

dgsf] km'nsf/L

d]/f] dg sf] km'naf/Ldf dfnL agL cfpm x} sfn' ÛÛ

cw]/L Tof] /ftdf klg =h'g alg cfpm x} sfn' ÛÛ

tLd|f] gfp sf] Pp6f uLt n]lv /fVof 5' x} d}n] ÛÛ

tLd|f] ld7f] ;+lut sf], w'g agL cfpm x} sfn' Û

slt phf8 5 of]dg, ltDnfO{ glhs gkfpbf ÛÛ

a;Gtdf km'nL lbg], km'n agL cfpm x} sfn' ÛÛ

lxpbsf] l;tdf klg Gofgf] nfU5 tLd|f] dfof ÛÛ

a}zfv sf] w'k df klg, lztn hnln cfpm x} sfn' Û

cfo xf]nfg hLjgdf, slt tgfaLsf 3'DtLx? Û

lalng ePsf cf]7 lar, d':sfg alg cfpm x} sfn' ==

;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg

sd{rf/L cfjZostf ;DalGw ;"rgf

k|yd k6s k|sfzg ldlt @)&@.)(.@* ut]

s[lif, :jf:Yo tyf j}slNks hLljsf]kfh{g k|j¢{g (Promoting Agriculture Health and Alternative Livelihood -PAHAL) sfo{qmd cd]l/sL ;xof]u lgof]u -o'=P;=P=cfO{=8L=_ cGtu{t zflGtsf nflu vfB lgsfosf] cfly{s ;xof]udf gf]e]Dj/ @)!$ b]lv kfFrjif{{sf] nflu ;~rflnt sfo{qmd xf] . o; sfo{qmdn] 8f]6Lsf % j6f uflj;x? -uu'8f, ltvfQ/, jf;'b]jL, lwsf{df08f}+ / ;ftkm/L_ df cjl:yt ljkGg Pj+ s'kf]if0fu|:t ;d'bfox?sf  ;+s6f;Gg 3/kl/jf/x?sf] hLljsf]kfh{g tyf kf]if0fsf] l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] / ljkbsf] k|efjnfO{ Go"lgs/0f, cg's"ng / k'g{nfe u/fpg tL 3/kl/jf/x?sf] Ifdtf clej[l¢ ug]{ ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5 .

g]kfndf of] sfo{qmd dl;{sf]/ g]kfn, cfO=l8=O{=, Knfg OG6/g]zgn, 6km\6; ljZjljBfno cGtu{tsf] kmfOG:6fOg OG6/g]zgn ;]G6/ gfds cGt/f{li6«o ;fem]bf/x? tyf /fli6«o ;fem]bf/x? Pg6\ofu, ?kfGt/0f, l/D; g]kfn / :fk|f]; g]kfn;Fusf] ;xsfo{ dfkm{t ;~rflnt 5 . 8f]6L lhNnfdf of] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L ;fd'bflos ljsf; s]Gb| -l;=l8=l;=_ 8f]6Ln] lnPsf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdsf] nflu tklzn adf]lhdsf ljifout bIf sd{rf/Lx?sf] cfjZostf k/]sf] x'Fbf of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] ( lbgleq tn pNn]lvt cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf cg'ej k'u]sf O{R5's g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 b/vf:t cfXjfg ul/G5 . O{R5's JolQmn] cfkm\gf] cfj]bg kq, JolQmut ljj/0f, z}lIfs of]Uotf, gful/stf, tflnd cg'ejsf k|df0f kqx?sf] k|ltlnlk ;lxt ;+nUg /flv o; ;+:yfsf] sfof{no ;doleq cfO{k'Ug] u/L x:t] jf O{d]n dfkm{t k]z ug{ ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ o;} ;"rgf dfkm{t hfgsf/L ul/G5 .  

!= kb M sfo{qmd ;+of]hs                                                             ;+Vof M !

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M :gfts tx -;dfhzf:q, s[lif, jg, jftfj/0f, k|fs[lts >f]t Joj:yfkg tyf cGo ;DalGwt ljifo_, pQL0f{ eO{ sDtLdf # jif{{;Dd sfo{qmd ;+of]hssf] ?kdf sfo{ut cg'ej ePsf] .

@= kb M vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ clws[t                                               ;+Vof M !

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M

;dfhzf:q, u|fdL0f ljsf; tyf cGo ;DalGwt ljifodf :gfts tx plQ0f{ eO{ slDtdf @ jif{{ ;DalGwt If]qdf sfo{ut cg'ej ePsf]

#= kb M k|fs[lts >f]t Joj:yfkg clws[t                                              ;+Vof M !

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M

:gfts tx -jg, jftfj/0f, k|fs[lts >f]t Joj:yfkg, s[lif tyf cGo ;DalGwt ljifo_ pQL0f{ eO{ slDtdf @ jif{{ cg'ej ePsf] .

$= kb M j}slNks hLljsf]kfh{g clws[t                                         ;+Vof M !

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M Joj:yfkg ;+sfodf :gfts tx pQL0f{ eO{ n3'ljQ, ;xsf/L ljsf;, ljQLo ;fIf/tf, j}slNks lhljsf]kfh{g / k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos tflndsf] If]qdf sDtLdf @ jif{sf] sfo{ut cg'ej .

%=kb M ljkb tyf hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f clws[t                                     ;+Vof M !

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M

:gfts tx -;dfhzf:q, cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; tyf cGo ;DalGwt ljifo_ pQL0f{ eO{ ;DalGwt If]qdf sDtLdf @ jif{{sf] sfo{ut cg'ej .

^= kb M n]vf tyf k|zf;g clws[t                                             ;+Vof M !

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M

Joj:yfkg ;+sfodf :gfts tx pQL0f{ eO{ ;DalGwt If]qdf sDtLdf @ jif{{sf] sfo{ut cg'ej .

&= kb M s[lif k|fljlws                                                 ;+Vof M @

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf cg'ej M

s[lif ljifodf h]=l6=P=÷k|lj0ftf k|df0f kq tx pQL0f{ eO{ h]=l6=P= sf] xsdf # jif{ / h]=6L=sf] xsdf sDtLdf ! jif{{sf] s[lif If]qdf sfo{ut cg'ej ePsf]

*= kb M kz' ;]jf k|fljlws                                                   ;+Vof M !

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf cg'ej M kz'kfng ljifodf h]=l6=P=÷k|lj0ftf k|df0f kq tx pQL0f{ eO{ h]=l6=P= sf] xsdf # jif{ / h]=6L=sf] xsdf slDtdf ! jif{{sf] ;DalGwt If]qdf sfo{ut cg'ej ePsf] .

(= kb M dfs]{l6+u ;'k/efO{h/                                                   ;+Vof M @

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf cg'ej M

k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ jf h]=6L=÷h]=6L=P= eO{ ;DalGwt If]qdf @ jif{{sf] sfo{ut cg'ej ePsf] .

!)= kb M l;+rfO{ k|fljlws                                                     ;+Vof M @

cfjZos Go"gtd of]Uotf M

O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ eO{ ;DalGwt If]qdf # jif{{sf] sfo{ut cg'ej ePsf] .

!!= ;fd'bflos pTk|]/s                                                 ;+Vof M %

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf cg'ej M

k|lj0ftf k|df0f kq tx pQL0f{ eO{ ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] If]qdf @ jif{{sf] sfo{ cg'ej ePsf] / ;DalGwt uflj;sf] pDd]b\jf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 .

kf/>lds ;]jf ;'ljwf M ;+:yf tyf sfo{qmdsf] lgodfg';f/ /xg]5 .

kl/Iffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt, k|of]ufTds / df}lvs cGt/jftf{ .

;Dks{ 7]ufgf

;fd'bflos ljsf; s]Gb| 8f]6L lb=l;=g=kf= @, -6'l8v]n glhs_ 8f]6L

;Dks{  kmf]g g M )($- $!!)*!

O{d]n M cdc.vacancy@gmail.com

Gff]6 M :yfgLo, dlxnf, blnt tyf hghftLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 . k|f/lDes 5gf}+6df k/]sf pDd]b\jf/x?nfO{ dfq kl/Iffdf ;fd]n ul/g]5 . ;+:yfnfO{ bjfj lbg ul/g] s'g} klg sfo{ ePdf ;DalGwt pDd]b\jf/nfO{ :jtM cof]Uo 7x/ ul/g]5 .

jN8{ lehg cGt/fli6«o g]kfn 8f]6L, ;dfg kx'Fr lasf; s]Gb| -l;8_ g]kfn, lhNnf jfn sNof0f ;ldlt / laDa g]kfnL ;fKtflxsåf/f hf/L

afn ;+/If0f ;Gb]z

jfn ;+/If0f

afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;+j]ufTds, ;fdflhs, g}lts tyf af}l4s ljsf;df uDeL/ gsf/fTds c;/ kfg]{ vfnsf sfo{ jf Jojxf/af6 pgLx¿nfO{ hf]ufpg' g} afn;+/If0f xf] . csf]{ zAbdf, afnaflnsfdfly x'g] ;a} vfnsf xflgx¿af6 pgLx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{' afn;+/If0f xf] . afnaflnsfdfly x'g;Sg] xflg cGtu{t

!= e]befj,

@= b'Jo{jxf/,

#= oftgf jf lx+;f,

$= of}gzf]if0f,

%= a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/,

^= k/Dk/fut xflgsf/s cEof;x¿,

&= a]jf:tf÷pk]Iff jf x]nr]j|\mofOF,

*= ckx/0f, /

(= cfly{s zf]if0f÷afn>d zf]if0f kb{5g\ .

¨ afn;+/If0f sfo{cGtu{t afnaflnsfdfly x'g] jf x'g ;Sg] xfgLx¿ Pjd\ pgLx¿nfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;+j]ufTds, ;fdflhs, cfly{s nufotsf kIfx¿df kg{ ;Sg] ;a} vfnsf cf3ftx¿af6 hf]ufpg ul/g]

s_ hf]lvdsf] klxrfg, /f]syfd,

v_ kLl8t afnaflnsfsf] p4f/, :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs :ofxf/k'g:yf{kgf /

u_ kL8snfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg]nufotsf sfo{x¿ kb{5g\ ¨ o;/L x]bf{ afnaflnsfdfly x'g] jf x'g;Sg] ;a} vfnsf lgof]lht tyf clgof]lht hf]lvd jf xflgaf6 hf]ufpg tyf syd\ sbflrt pgLx¿dfly To:tf 36gf, b'3{6gf ePdf To;af6 pgLx¿df kg{] c;/nfO{ sd ug{ / pgLx¿nfO{ kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ ul/g] nufotsf ;a} sfdnfO{ ;dli6ut ¿kdf afn;+/If0f eg]/ a'‰g ;lsG5 .