ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?sf] kx'Frsf] clwsf/ tyf ckfËtfd}qL
;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf af/]df lgdf{0f sDkgLx? l8hfOg/ jf OlGhlgo/x?df r]tgf hufcf}+ .
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf
tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf
ljefu
d'Vo ;dfrf/
8f]6Ldf ph'/L
k]l6sfdf v:b}gg\ …ph'/LÚ
8f]6L lhNnfsf k|foM
;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] aflx/ k§L ph'/L k]l6sf
e'm08\ofPsf 5g . sfof{nodf ph'/L k]l6sfsf] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5 t/ gful/sn]]
aif{e/L Pp6f klg ph/L v;fNb}gg\ . k]6L
/fVg] Aoa:yf eP b]vL g} ph'/L gk/]sfn] vf]Ng} gu/]sf] w]/} sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lsf]
cg'ea 5 .
cfkm\gf ;d:of, sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf]
clgoldttf tyf ;'emfa k|ToIf u'gf;f] ug{ g;Sg] AoQmLn] klg n]v]/ ph'/L xfNg
;sf]; eGb} ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nodf afWofTsssf/L Aoa:yf u/]sf] 5 . hgtf;+u k|ToIf ;+nUg /xg] lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt
8f]6Ldf klg ph'/L k]6Lsf dfkm{t s'g} ph'/L gk/]sf] :yfgLo lasf; clwsf/L s[i0f
uf}tdn] atfP . uf}tdn] eg] …d]/f] hfgsf/Ldf cfP ;Dd ph'/L k]6Lsfdf xfn;Dd klg
ph'/L k/]sf] 5}g, gful/sn] ph'/L k]l6sfsf af/]df hfgsf/L geP/ klg xf]nf .Ú
lhNnf ag sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] ph'/L
k]l6sfdf klg ph'/L gk/]sf] lhNnf ag clws[t abL|s'df/ sfsL{n] atfP . sfsL{n] eg]
…xfd|f] sfof{nodf ph'/L k]l6sfdf ph'/L v;]sf] s'/f d]/f] hfgsf/Ldf 5}g . v} lsg xf] ph'/L v:b}gg\ xfdL ph'/L
cfof] sL eg]/ x]/L /x]sf x'G5f}+ t/ slxn] cfPsf] x'Fb}g .Ú
;/sf/L sfof{non] ;Dkfbg u/]sf
sfdx?sf] kf/blz{tf xf];, ;]jfu|fxL k|tL ;DalGwt sfof{nosf sd{rf/L lhDd]jf/ ag'g
/ cfkm' dftxtsf sd{rf/Ln] ;]jfu|fxL k|tL u/]sf Aoaxf/sf af/]df sfof{no k|d'vn]
hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L cfaZos lgb]{zg tyf
sf/jfxL ug{ ;sf]; eGg] pb]Zosf ;fy ;a} sfof{nodf ph'/L k]l6sfsf] clgjfo{ Aoa:yf ul/Psf] xf] .
8f]6L lhNnfdf ph'/L k]l6sfdf
ph'/L gv:g] u/]sf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s]zak|zfb cfrf{on] atfP . pgn] eg]
…8f]6L lhNnfdf ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nodf ph'/L ug]{ Aoa:yf 5 t/ s;}n] klg ph'/L tyf
;'emfa lbFb}gg\ eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 d To;af/] ;3g ?kdf cg'udg u5'{ .
ph'/L gx]/]sf x'g jf ph'/L g} gcfPsf x'g .Ú k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L cfrf{on] yk]
…xfd|f] sfof{nodf klg ph'/L k]l6sfdf ph'/L v:b}gg\, a? l;w} 7f8f] ph'/Lx? cfpg]
u/]sf 5g .Ú
8f]6L lhNnfsf s]xL u}/;/– sf/L
;+:yfx?n] klg ph'/L k]l6sfsf]] Aoa:yf u/]sf 5g . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf ph'/L
k]l6sfsf] xfnt klg p:t} 5 . ;dfg kx'Fr lasf; s]Gb| l;8 g]kfnsf cWoIf z]/axfb'/
dNnn] eg] …xfd|f] sfof{nodf ;'emfa k]l6sf 5 t/ ph'/L cfPsf] 5}g .Ú
;]jfu|fxLx? sfof{nosf] ph'/L
k]l6sfsf ph'/L xfNbf klg ;d:ofsf] xn x'G5 eGg]df laZj:t gePsf sf/0f klg ph'/L
k]l6sfdf ph'/L gcfpg] u/]sf] clwsf/sdL{ clw/fh la;Ln] atfP . la;Ln] eg] …ph'/L
gv:g'df b'O{ vfn] ;d:of b]lvG5 Psftkm{ ph'/L k]l6sfdf xfNbf slxn] ;'gfO{ x'G5,
x'G5 sL x'Fb}g eGg] 9'Sstf gePsf sf/0f klg ph'/L cfPsf] b]lvGg eg] csf]{tkm{
k'af{u|fxL ;f]rsf sf/0f klg ;d:of cfPsf] b]lvG5 . clVtof/df ph'/L xfn]/ l7s
kfg'{k5{ eGg] lrGtgsf sf/0f klg ;d:of ePsf] 5 .Ú
8f]6L lhNnf ;/sf/L sfof{non]
:yfkgf u/]sf] ph'/L k]l6sfdf ph'/L gv;]sf] eP klg ltg} sfof{nosf w]/} ph'/Lx?
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfof{no / lhNnf k|zf;sf sfof{nodf k/]sf]
b]lvG5 .
8f]6L lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf
dlxgfdf % b]lv @@ ph'/L kg]{ u/]sf] 8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s]za k|zfb
cfrf{on] hfgsf/L lbP . cfrf{on] eg] …xfd|f] sfof{nodf ph'/L kg]{ lalQs} t'?Gt}
PS;g lnG5f}+ . laleGg sfof{nosf ;d:of lno/ lnlvt tyf df}lvs ?kdf u'gf;f] lno/
cfPsf x'G5g .Ú
;DkfbsLo
slxn];Dd rN5 o:tf]
<
@)^@÷)^# sf] P]ltxfl;s
hgcfGbf]ngkl5 xfdLn] d'n'snfO{ zflJbs ?kd} ePklg u0ftGqfTds Joj:yfdf?kdfGt/0f
u¥of}+ . o;;+u} xfdLn] /fhtGqsf cjz]ifx? ;dfKt kfb}{ n}hfg] k|of; klg u¥of}+ .
;j} s'/fdf zflJbs ?kdf nf]stflGqs vf]Hb} uof}+ . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] gfd
kl/jt{g u/]/ æg]kfnL ;]gfÆ jgfof}+ . t/, Jojxf/t xfdLn] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6
g]kfnL ;]gf gfdfs/0f u/]sf] ;]gf nf]stflGqs eof] t < jf p;n] cfkm'nfO{
nf]stflGqsLs/0f ug{ ;Sof] t < p;sf Jojxf/x?
lg/+z'safbL Joj:yf jf z}nL eGbf s]xL km/s eP t < k|Zgx? w]/} 5g .
s]xL lbg cuf8L g]kfnL ;]gfsf]
Jof/]sleq e08f/0f ul/ /flvPsf] cTofw'lgs
xltof/ ;lxt ;}lgs km/f/ /x]sf] ;g;gLk"0f{ vj/ jflx/ cfpF5 . g]kfnL
;]gfnfO{ o;af/]df ;f]Wbf 3'dfp/f] hjfkm lbG5 . p;n] of] e|d xf] jf af:tljs xf]
eGg] k|i6 kfg{sf nflu Ps la1KtL;Dd klg lgsfNg cfjZos 7fGb}g . s] ePsf] xf],
s;/L ePsf] xf] / jflx/ cfPsf] xNnf s] xf] eGg] jf/]df ;]gfsf] cflwsfl/s wf/0ff
jflx/ cfpg' k5{ ls kb}{g <
To;sf] Ps xKtf klg glaTb} Ps
;}lgs sd{rf/Ln] cfTdxTof u/]sf] s'/f jflx/ cfpF5 . ;]gfnfO{ o;jf/]df ;f]Wbf
af]Ng ldNb}g eG5 . kmnfgf] dfG5]n] kmngf] 7fpFdf cfTdxTof u/]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f
klg eGg g;Sg] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nfstflGqsLs/0f ePs} xf] t < cfTdxTof u/]sf]
elgPsf JolQmsf] zj x]g{ klg lbO{b}g . s;/L cfTdxTof u/]sf] xf] eGg] jf/]df
hfgsf/L lbO{b}g . s;n] cfTdxTof u/]sf] xf] eGg] jf/]df klg hfgsf/L lbO{b}g .
hlt hlt ;"rgf n'sfpg]
k|of; ul/G5 jhf/df Toltg} a9L xNnf rN5 . ;+sf pk;+sfx? p7\5g . w]/}n] w]/} y/L
s'/f sf6\5g . clxn] cfTdxTof u/]sf] elgPsf JolQmnfO{ Jof/]sleq} s'6]/ df/]sf]
xf] eGg] xNnf jhf/df 5 . pgL x/fPsf] xltof/;+u ;DjlGwt ePsf sf/0f cg';Gwfgsf]
qmddf pgnfO{ r/d cdfgjLo oftgf lbOPsfn] pgL cfkm\g} xltof/n] cfkm}nfO{ uf]nL
xfGg jfWo ePsf x'g eGg] klg cfO{/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] hjfkm s] lbG5 g]kfnL ;]gfn]
< / slxn];Dd lbG5 <
lhNnf ;'/Iff ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L x'g] Joj:yf 5 . lhNnfleqsf ;'/Iff lgsfox?df s:tf 36gfx? eP
eGg] jf/]df ;'/Iff ;ldltsf k|d'vnfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L x'Fb}g . xfd|f] k|zf;gsf]
lgl/xtf xf] jf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;fFlRrs} nf]stflGqsLs/0f x'g g;s]sf] xf] . k|Zg
a8f] hl6n 5 .
g]kfnL ;]gf ;fj{hlgs lgsfo xf]
ls xf]O{g < g]kfnL ;]gfn] u/]sf sfdsf/jfxLx?sf] jf/]df hgtfn] ;"rgf
kfpg] clwsf/ /fV5g ls /fVb}gg\ . s]
g]kfnL ;]gf g]kfnL hgtf eGbf dfyLsf] lgsfo xf] < s] g]kfnL ;]gfn] g]kfnL
hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6 tnj eQf vfFb}g / < g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg cg';f/ ;fj{ef}d;Qf
;DkGg g]kfnL hgtf x'g . g]kfnL hgtfn] ;j} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L kfpg' k5{ . o;sf nflu
;j} ;fj{hlgs lgsfox? hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g' h?/L 5 .
g]kfnL ;]gfleq s] eO{/x]sf] 5,
s;/L pQm ;+:yf ;~rfngdf 5 eGg] s'/fsf] vf]hL x'g' h?/L 5 . cfkm} la/lQmP/
cfTdxTof u¥of] jf p;nfO{ cfTdxTof ug{ afWo kfl/of] jf p;sf] xTof eof] eGg]
s'/fsf] vf]hL ug'{ h?/L 5 . PSn} lbks v8\sf dfq} 5}gg\ g]kfnL ;]gfdf y'k}| lbks
v8\sfx? 5g . pgLx?;+u pgLx?sf] kl/jf/ cfl>t 5 . /fi6«sf] /Iff u5'{ eg]/ ;j}
dfkb08 / zt{x? k'/f u/]/ ;]gfdf egf{ ePsf] JolQm cfTdxTof ug]{ txdf k'Ug'sf]
sf/0f s] xf] < o;sf] vf]hL slxn] x'G5 < s;n] u5{ < cfTdxTofg} xf]
eg]klg To;af/]df g]kfnL hgtfn] hfgsf/L kfpg' k5{ ls kb}{g <
yk ;dfrf/
…s'g} klg
;"rgf n'sfpg' kfO{b}gÚ
8f]6L lhNnf cbfntsf
dfggLo Gofoflwz g/gf/fo0f kf}8]nn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] s'g} klg ;"rgf n'sfpg
gkfO{g] jtfPsf 5g .
/fli6«o ;"rgf lbj;sf]
cj;/df lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf af}Nb}
dfglgo Gofoflwz kf}8]nn] ;f] s'/f jtfPsf x'g . …hgtfn] ;"rgf kfpg' kg]{
;+a}wflgs Joj:yf 5Ú pgn] eg] …xfdL ;j}n] gful/ssf] ;"rgf kfpg] xssf] ;Ddfg
tyf ;+/If0f ug'{ k5{ .Ú sfg'gL ?kdf gful/ssf] ;"rgf kfpg] xs x'Fbfx'Fb}
klg ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf /x]sf JolQmx?df O{dfgbfl/tf / kf/bzL{tf gePsf sf/0f ;d:of
ePsf] Gofoflwz kf}8]nn] jtfP . pgn] eg] …kqsf/x?n] tYodf cfwfl/t ;"rgf
n]Vg' k5{, To;sf nflu klg tkfO{x?nfO{ ;xL ;"rgf rflxG5 .Ú pgn] ;xL
;"rgf lnP/ dfq} ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug{ ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ ;'emfj lbP . Gofoflwz
g/gf/fo0f kf}8]nn] ;"rgf glbg] ;fj{hlgs
lgsfo la?4 sfg'gL pkrf/ vf]Hg ;d]t ;j}nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g . pgn] cbfnt;+u
;DjlGwt ;"rgfx? hltj]nf klg lng ;lsg] jtfP .
sfo{qmddf 8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L s]zjk|;fb cfrfo{n] ;"rgfsf] xs ;DjlGw P]g, @)^$ df ePsf Joj:yfx?
k"0f{ ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;j} ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf 5g . pgn]
eg] …olb s'g} ;"rgf clwsf/Ln] ;"rgf lbg c6]/ u/]df d /fli6«o
;"rgf cfof]usf] k|ltlglwsf x}l;otn] To:tf ;"rgf clwsf/LnfO{ sf/jfxLsf
nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5' .Ú P]g cg';f/ k|To]s ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] q}dfl;s ?kdf
cfkm\gf] sfof{no;+u ;DjlGwt ;"rgfx? ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{ ePsfn] ;j}n] ug{
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] lgb]{zg lbP . sfo{qmddf ;~rf/sdL{x?n] vKt8 If]q ko{6g
lasf; ;ldltaf6 k6s–k6s ;"rgf dfUbf ;d]t c6]/ u/]sf] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP .
cGo sfof{nox?n] klg ;"rgf lbg cfgfsfgL u/]sf] ;~rf/–sdL{x?n] u'gf;f] u/]sf
lyP .
…nf]stGqsf] cfwf/,
;"rgfsf] clwsf/Ú eGg] gf/fsf ;fy cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf 8f]6Lsf
;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L z+s/ lai6n] ;"rgfsf] xs ;DjlGw P]gdf ePsf
Joj:yfx? / sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf laifodf sfo{kq k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
g]kfndf ;"rgfsf] xs ;DjlGw
P]g nfu' ePsf] lbgnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ /fli6«o ;"rgf lbj; dgfpg yflnPsf] 5 .
P]g @)^$ ;fn efb| # ut] b]lv nfu' ePsf] lyof] .
z}n]Zj/L dlGb/df
;fd'lxs /Iff aGwg
;'b'/klZrdsf] k|lz4
8f]6L lhNnfdf cal:yt z}n]Zj/L dlGb/df o; aif{ hg} k'0fL{dfsf]
caz/df ;fd'lxs /Iff aGwg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ dgfO{Psf] 5 .
x/]s aif{ hg} k'l0f{df cyf{t
/IffjGwgsf lbg z}n]Zj/L dlGb/ kl/if/df /Iff wfuf] aflwlbg] a|fXd0f b]vLGYo] eg]
bfh' efO{ jf lblb jlxgL gx'g]x?n] lxjnfO{ ;fIfLdfgL /Iff aGwg aflwlbg] k|rng /x]sf]
:yflgox? atfpG5g\ t/ o; jif{ eg] a|Xdf s'df/L O{Zj/Lo ljZj ljBfnosf] cfof]hgfdf
z}n]Zj/L dlGb/df ;fd'lxs /Iff aGwg afWg] sfo{qmd ul/Psf] xf] .
lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx?n]
laxLaf/ hg} k"l0f{df Pj+ /Iff aGwg kj{ dgfOPsf] 5 . dfgj /Iffsf nflu hk,
tk / k"hf u/L /IffaGwg cyf{t\ 5 ;'t] wfuf] / hg} wf/0f ug]{ JolQmx?n] ljz]if
k|sf/n] tof/ kfO{Psf] / j}lbs dGqn] z'4kf/LPsf] /Iffwfuf] / hg} a|fXd0f jf k'/f]lxtx?n] gf8Ldf afFlwlbg]
k|rng /x]sf] 5 .
ClifnfO{ tk{0f ug]{ ePsfn] o;
lbgnfO{ Cliftk{0fL klg eGg] ul/Psf] 5 . hg}sf b'O{ lzvfdWo] Pp6f lzvfdf /xg]
tLg 8f]/fnfO{ a|Xdf, lji0f' / dx]Zj/sf] k|tLssf ?kdf k'lhG5 . csf]{ 8f]/fsf]
tLgj6f lzvfnfO{ eg] sd{, pkf;gf / 1fgsf] lqof]usf ?kdf dflgG5 . of] lbg dGq]sf] hg}
jif{el/sf wfld{s sd{df k|of]u ul/g'sf ;fy} km]g{nfO{ ;d]t pkof]u ul/G5 . z/L/
z'4 u/L b]jtf, ;KtClif /
lkt[nfO{ klg tk{0f ul/g] ePsfn] g} Clif tk{0fL ;d]t eGg] ul/Psf] xf] .
a|Xdf s'df/L O{Zj/Lo ljZj
ljBfno Pj /fh of]u k|lzIf0f s]Gb| /fhk'/ 8f]6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf /Iff aGwg afWg]
sfo{qmd cg';f/ laxLaf/ ljxfg ;f9] ;ft ah]b]lv 8f]6Lsf] k|l;4 wfld{s :yn
z}n]Zj/L dlGb/sf] uLtf k':tsfnosf] tNnf] tnfdf bz{gfyL{x?nfO{ /fvL afwL lbPsf]
O{Zj/L laZjlaBfnosL /fhk'/sL ;~rflnsf lbbL hfgsLn] atfOg .
a|Dxf s'df/Ln] lhNnf sf/fuf/
8f]6Lsf s}bLx?, lhNnf c:ktfnsf lj/fdLx?nfO /fvL afWg'sf ;fy} /fhk'/df /x]sf]
cfˆg} ejgdf klg /flv aflw lbPsf]]] a|Xdf s'df/L O{Zj/Lo ljZj ljBfno Pj /fh of]u
k|lzIf0f s]Gb| /fhk'/ 8f]6LsL k|d'v ;~rflnsf lblb hfgsLn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
To:t} /fhof]u k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
zfvf 88]Nw'/fn] klg ;fd'lxs /IffaGwg sfo{qmd u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf sf/fuf/ zfvf
88]Nw'/f, pkIf]qLo c:ktfn, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no / zz:q k|x/L j]z 88]Nw'/fdf
5'§f5'§} ;fd'lxs /IffaGwg sfo{s|d ul/Psf] a|Xdfs'df/L O{Gb'n] hfgsf/L lbPsL
l5g\ . sf/fuf/ zfvfdf /x]sf %! hgf s}bLjGbL tyf c:ktnfdf /x]sf ;o eGbf a9L
lj/fdLnfO{ sf/fuf/ tyf c:ktfnd} k'u]/ /IffjGwg ul/Psf] xf] . o;}ul/ lhNnf k|x/L
sfof{no / zz:q k|x/L j]zdf k'u]/ g]kfn k|x/Lsf hjfg / zz:q k|x/L hjfgx?nfO{
/IffjGwg ul/Psf] xf] .
lalwjt ?kdf
dgfO{of] ufOhfqf
8f]6L lhNnfsf]
l;nu9L ahf/df ut z'qmaf/ w'dwfdsf ;fy ufOhfqf kj{ laz]if ?kdf dgfOPsf] 5 .
k/Dk/f b]lv g} b]z}e/ tyf g]jf/
hftLsf] a;f]af; ePsf] 7fpdf ;f+:s[lts Pj+ k/Dk/fut kj{ dflgg] ub{5 . o; kj{df
/y ;lxtsf] ljif]z kj{ ufOhfqf dgfpb} cfPsf g]jf/x? atfp5g .
Ps jif{ leq Hofg u'dfPsf cfˆgf
kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] ;Demgfdf k|ltsfTds cleJolQm :j?k dflg;nfO{ ufO{sf] ?kdf jf
ufO{nfO{ g} l;+uf/]/ gu/ kl/qmdf u/fO{G5 . g]jf/ hfltsf l;nu9L 8f]6Lsf cu'jf
tyf h]i7 gful/s 8f]6Lsf cWoIf uf]laGb >]i7n] eg], …xfdLn] of] kj{ k/Dk/fb]lv
g} dgfpb} cfPsf 5f}+ . xfd|f] hfltdf aif{lbg leq Hofg u'dfPsfx?sf] ;Demgfdf
k|ltsfTds cleJolQm :j?k dflg;nfO{ ufO{sf] ?kdf jf ufO{nfO{ g} l;+uf/]/ gu/ kl/qmdf
u/fO{G5 .Ú ufO{sf] k'R5/ ;dft]/ j}t/0fL gbL kf/ ul/g] wfld{s ljZjf;sf cfwf/df
of] kj{ dgfpFb} cfPsf] >]i7sf] wf/0ff 5 .
dNn /fhf k|tfk dNnn] k'qzf]sn]
ljXjn ePsL cfˆgL /fgLnfO{ ;a}n] o:tf] zf]s a]xf]g{'k5{ eGg] b]vfP/ ;fGTjgf lbg
dflg; d/]sf 3/3/af6 ufO{hfqf lgsfNg] Joj:yf ldnfO{ /fhb/af/sf] k|fË0fdf hDdf u/fP/
/fgLnfO{ b]vfPsf lyP .
Toltn] klg dg zfGt x'g g;Sbf
zf]sx/0f ug{ xF;fpg] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgfsf nflu /fhcf1f hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .
Tolt a]nfb]lv g} ufO{hfqfsf] rng z'? ePsf] dflgG5 . lxhf]cfh ;fdflh s ljs[lt,
s'/Llt / k|zf;lgs sdhf]/LnfO{ nlIft u/]/ JoËofTds z}nLdf cfnf]rgf ub}{ xf:oJoË
sfo{qmd ug]{ k|rng klg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . To;}aLr 8f]6Ldf /x]sf g]jf/ ;d'bfon]
o;kfnLsf] ufO{hfqfdf /y ;lxt l;nu9L kl/qmddf u/]sf 5g . of] kj{ x]g{sf nflu
l;nu9Ldf 6f9f 6f9fsf dflg;x? cfpg] u/]sf] g]jf/ ;d'bfosf cWoIf >]i7n] atfP .
cWoog s]Gb|sf] nflu
tflnd z'?
n d]g'sf
9'Ëfgf÷c5fd
efb| ^
;fd'bflos cWoog
s]GbnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ b'O{ lbg] Joj:yfkg ;DalGw tflnd d+un;}gdf ;+rfng ePsf] 5
.
;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gbsf] plrt
Joj:yfkg ug{ pb]Zon] ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L / ;xh– stf{x?sf nflu b'O{ lbg] tflnd
;+rfng ePsf] xf] . cWoog s]Gb| Joa:yfkg tflnddf lhNnfsf ;ft j6f ;fd'bflos cWoog
s]Gb|sf cWoIf, kbflwsf/L / kl/rflnsfx?
u/L #) hgf ;xefuLx?sf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] 5
.
b'O{ lbg;Dd rNg] tflnddf cWoog
s]Gb|sf] Joj:yfkg, ;d'bfo kl/rfng, k|:tfj n]vg, cWoog s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] pb]Zo
nufotsf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/g] ePsf] lhNnf lzIff sfof{no c5fdsf laBfno lg/LIfs
ljZj k|;fb 9sfnn] atfPsf 5g . lhNnfsf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|nfO{ gd'gf agfpg
k|of; ug{] pb]Zosf ;fy lhNnfsf ;ft j6f ;d'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf kbflwsf/L /
kl/rflnsfx?nfO{ Joj:yfkg ;DalGw tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljsf; ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf
jN8{lehg O{G6/g]Zfgn g]kfn c5fdsf
;+of]hs Hjf]tL rfkfufFO{n] atfOg .
Joj:yfkg ;DalGw tflnd lhNnf
lzIff sfof{no c5fdsf] cfof]hgf / ljsf; ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf jN8{lehg O{G6/g]Zfgn
g]kfn c5fdsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .
tflndsf] ;xhLs/0f lhNnf lzIff
sfof{no c5fdsf ljBfno lg/LIfs ljZj k|;fb 9sfn / >f]t JolQm tIfoaxfb'/ zfxn]
u/]sf lyP .
lh0f{ aGb} 8f]6Lsf
P]ltxfl;s …b/jf/Ú
n sdnf
s'Fj/÷l;nu9L
efb| ^
8f]6Lsf] g/f}nL uflj;df /x]sf] k'/ftflTjs
dxTj / ko{6sLo ;efjgf af]s]sf] dNnsfnLg b/af/ plrt ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj{4g x'g
g;s]sf] lg/f}nLsf :yfgLo lrlGtt 5g . lg/f}nLsf xl/nfn e08f/Ln] eg] …xfd|f] o;
If]qsf] 7"nf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] b/jf/s} ;+/If0fsf nflu sf]xL klg dtna
ub}{gg\, xfd|f] Oltxf; kl5 e]6fpg} d'l:sn x'G5 .Ú
l5d]sL ufla;sf hgtfaf6 df;
;+sngu/L u/L b/jf/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] :yfgLox? atfpF5g . s/Lj ;o jif{eGbf klxn]
g}/kfn /fhfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] b/af/ gf3L dNn /fhfsf] zf;g sfn kl5 b/af/ vfnL
epsf] lyof] . ToxL ;dob]lv ;f] 7fpFsf] gfd lg/f}nL /flvPsf] lsDablGt /x]sf]
:yfgLo atfp5g . eUgfz]ifdf kl/0ft x'b} uPsf] pQm b/af/sf] dflyNnf] tnfdf uP/
x]bf{ ;k{ gfu b]vf kg]{ u/]sf] / ToxfF ax'd'No ;Dklt x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg 5 . ;k{sf]
8/n] clxn];Dd klg s;}n] pTvgg ug{ cfF6 gu/]sf] :yfgLosf] egfO 5 .
lg/f}nL
ufpFsf] dflyNnf] 8f8fFdf /x]sf] b/af/sf] ;dod} plrt ;+/If0f x'g ;s]df P]ltxfl;s
tyf ko{6lso ljsf; x'g]5 . ;fy} dNn/fhfx?n] k|of]u ug]{ gf}nf s'jf klg lh0f{
aGb} uPsf 5g . To:t} a5}{gdf /x]sf]
l/;]l8 b/af/af6 /fhf 3f]8fdf r9]/
lg/f}nL b/af/ cfpg] hfg] ;dodf laraf6f]df /x]sf] 3f]8fnfO{ bfgfkfgL lbg] 9'+uf
tyf kmnfdsf tf]x8f klg 6'6km'6 x'g yfn]sf 5g . o:tf k'/ftflTjs dxTj af]s]sf
;+/rgfsf] ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu :yfgLo af;Lx?n] ;a}df cfu|x u/]sf 5g .
8f]6Ldf
o; k6s af3 hfqf ePg
8f]6L lhNnf
;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf x/]s jif{ dgfO{g] af3 hfq o; jif{ dgfO{Psf] 5}g . ko{6sLo
b[li6sf]0f– af6 dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] af3 hfq o; jif{ ;fdfu|L cefasf sf/0f
gdgfO{Psf] :yfgLo o'jfx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
ljleGg hfthfltx?sf] a;f]af;
/x]sf] ;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf g]jf/ ;fd'bfosf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 . g]jf/ hftLnfO{
cfkm}df ax';+:s[lt ePsf] ;d'bfosf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 To;}n] ;f] ;d'bfon] 306f
s0f{ cyf{t uf7] d+unsf] lbgb]lv jif{ e/Lsf] kj{sf] ;'?jftL ePsf] dfGg] ub{5g\ .
306fs0f{ s} lbgb]lv nfv] hfqfsf] ;'?jft x'G5 To; kl5 lxGb'wdf{nDjLx? cf:yfsf]
w/f]x/ tyf ;'b"/klZrdsf] k|l;4 wfld{s P+j ko{6sLo :yn a8Ldflnsfsf] /y ofqf
x'G5 .
gfuk~rdLsf ;fy} /Iff aGwg
hg}k'l0f{df / ;f]sf] ef]nL kN6 ufO{hfqf ug]{ rng ;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf /x]sf] 5 .
ufO{hfqfsf] t];|f] lbg af3 hfqf lgsfNg] rng /x]sf] ePtf klg o; kj{ eg] hfqf
lgsfNg] ;fdfu|Lsf] cefasf sf/0f hfqf glgsflnPsf] :yfgLo pHjn >]i7n] atfPsf
5g\ .
/f0ffsflng ca:yfb]lv g} 8f]6Ldf
ljleGg hfqfx? lgsfNg] rng /x]sf] lyof] . o; eGbf klxn] g} 8f]6Ldf dfgfO{g]
OGb|hfqf / /f]kfO{hfqf lgsfNg aGb e} ;s]sf] :yfgLox? atfp5g\ . o; jif{ af3 hfqf
ePg csf]{ aif{ csf]{ hfqf x'b}g o;/L g} o; If]qsf] ;+:s[lt nf]k x'g ;Sg] eGb}
:yfgLox? lrGtLt b]lvG5g\ .
v]tLkftLsf] ;do ;lsP nut}
dgf]/~hgsf] ?kdf dfq geO{ d'n'sdf eP u/]sf] e|i6frf/, l9nf;':tL, hgtfn] kfPsf]
;f:tL dfly ltvf] k|xf/ u/L hgtfnfO{ / ;/sf/nfO{ ;';'lrt ug]{ hfqfsf] ?kdf af3
hfqfnfO{ lng] ul/G5 . ;f] hfqfdf af3 l;sf/L d]G;g d}of cf;]kf;] nufotsf JolQmx?
l;+uf/L gu/ kl/qmddf u/fpg] / gu/ If]qsf] ljleGg If]qdf ljz]if k|sf/n]
tof/ kfl/Psf] jif{ el/sf]
sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] r'+uL noa4 tl/sfn] afrg ub}{ :yfgLo
;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh hgtfx?nfO{ ;"rgf k|efa ug]{ ul/GYof] t/ o; jif{ ;f]
hfqf lgsflnPsf] 5}g . o;/L ;+:s[lt nf]k x'g' kSs} /fd|f] xf]O{g cfufdL lbgdf
snf ;+:s[ltsf ;+/If0f ug]{ tkm{ ;/f]sf/–afnfx?sf] Wofg hfg h?/L 5 .
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
aiff{bn] hf]/fon
;8s ca?4
aiff{tsf sf/0f
8f]6Lsf] j'8/, hf]/fon hf]8\g] ;8s cj?4 ePsf] 5 .
dlxgf} b]lv ;8s cj?4 x'bfF
:yfgLonfO b}lgs pkef]Uo a:t' vl/b lalqmsf nflu lgs} ;d:of k/]sf] hf]/fonsf
:yfgLo adaxfb'/ ;fpFbn] hfgsf/L lbP .
;fFpbsf cg';f/ hf]/fonsf] 5lQjg
l:yt ljyn vf]nf eGg] 7fpFdf klx/f] hfFbf pQm ;8s cj?4 ePsf] xf] . aGb ePsf] ;8s
v'nfpg :yfgLox? nflu k/] klg ;8sdf ePsf 7"nf 9'ªufsf sf/0f vf]Ng g;lsPsf]
:yfgLox?n] atfPsf 5g .
;8s aGb x'bf :yfgLo ;fu,
t/sf/L, kmnkm"n nufotsf a:t' ahf/ k'ufpg g;Sbf cfkm\gf af/Ldf g} s'lxg
yfn]sf] klg :yfgLox?n] atfPsf 5g .
cf]Ns]df Ps 3fO{t]
8f]6L nufot
;'b"/klZrddf dgfOg] cf]Ns] kj{df lk+ v]Nbf Ps hgf uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf 5g .
;'gfb]jL pdfljdf sIff !) df
cWoog/t n8fu8f @ ;]ltufpFsf nfn g]kfnL uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf x'g . cf]Ns] ;+qmfGtL
cyf{t efb| ! ut]sf lbg a]n'sf kv lk+u v]Ng]a]nfdf n8]/ pgsf] 6fpsf] rf]6
nfu]sf] :yfgLo t]h axfb'/ s8fotn] atfpg' eof] .
3fOt] ePsf g]kfnLsf] lhNnf
c:ktfn 8f]6Ldf pkrf/ x'g g;s] kl5 cfh g]kfnuGh l/km/ u/LPsf] 5 .
v]n ;dfrf/
d}bfgd} /f]P
g]odf/, h;nfO{ …eujfgn] klg k|]d u5{Ú
n v]n va/
-cgnfOgaf6_
cf]nlDkssf]
km'6andf a|flhnnfO{ klxnf] :j0f{ lbnfPkl5 sKtfg g]odf/ d}bfgd} /f]P . df/fsfgf
/+uzfnfdf *& xhf/ bz{ssf cuf8L hd{gLnfO{ k]gfN6Ldf %–$ n] x/fpg] qmddf g]odf/n]
ljhoL uf]n u/]sf lyP .
lgwf{l/t () ldg]6sf] v]ndf g]odf/n]
g} a|flhnnfO{ cu|tf lbnfPsf lyP . pgn] @& cf}+ ldg]6df lk|mlssdf uf]n u/] .
hd{gLsf d]o]/n] a/fa/L uf]n kmsf{P .
lgwf{l/t / ylkPsf] #) ldg]6sf]
v]n !–! sf] a/fa/Ldf ;lsPkl5 lg0f{o 6fOa|s]/af6 lnOPsf] lyof] . h;df hd{gLsf
lgN; lk6/;g r's]sf lyP .
kfFr k6ssf] ljZj ljh]tf
a|flhnn] o;cl3 tLg k6s !(*$, !(** / @)!@ df kmfOgn v]n]klg cf]nlDkssf] km'6andf
:j0f{ lhTg ;s]sf] lyPg . of] k6s p;n] ljZj ljh]tf hd{gLnfO{ x/fPsf] 5, / b'O{
jif{cl3 ljZjsksf] ;]ldkmfOgndf Joxf]/]sf]
&–! sf] nHhf:kb xf/sf] abnf lnPsf] 5 .
a|flhnsf uf]nlsk/ j]e6g{ eG5g,
…:j0f{ xfd|f] eof] . t/, of] eujfg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . h;/L pgL l6dd]6nfO{ k|]d
u5{g, eujfgn] g]odf/nfO{ dg k|]d u5{g\ .Ú g]odf/n] eg] o;nfO{ cfˆgf] hLjgs}
pTs[i6 If0f eg]sf 5g\ .
klxnf] v]ndf
y|L:6f/ Sna lahoL
n v]n va/
-cgnfOgaf6_
PPkm;L sk 5gf}6
Kn]ckmsf nflu d+uf]lnofdf /x]sf] g]kfnL lnu RoflDkog y|L:6f/ Snjn] klxnf] v]ndf
lht xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .
d+uf]lnofsf] lnu RoflDkog Olr{d
km'6an Snj;Fusf] v]ndf y|L:6f/n] pTs[i6 k|bz{g ub}{ @–) uf]nsf] lht cfTd;fy
u/]sf] xf] . 3/]n' 6f]nLnfO{ x/fpFb} y|L:6f/n] PPkm;L sk 5gf}6sf] ;+efjgf
hLljt} agfPsf] 5 .
y|L:6f/n] v]nsf] klxnf] /
bf];|f] xfkmdf ! / ! uf]n u¥of] . !#cf}+ ldg]6df lab]zL :6«fOs/ dfl6{gn]
;'?jftL uf]n u/]sf lyP . To:t} bf];|f] xfkmdf p;n] cu|tf bf]Aa/ agfof] .
&^cf}+ ldg]6df sKtfg laqmd nfdfn] uf]n u/] .
5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfsf] ;d"x
aL df /x]sf] y|L:6f/n] d+unaf/ sDaf]l8ofsf] gfufjN8 Snj;Fu v]Nb}5 . To; v]ndf
y|L:6f/n] hLt xfl;n u/]df ;d"x lah]tf aGb} csf]{ r/0fdf k|a]z kfpg]5 .
rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg
gd|tfsf] x6 cfO6d,
…sf]xL 5Ú eGb} s;nfO{ af]nfpFb} l5g\ <
Do"lhs
lel8of]df w]/} b]lvg] df]8n x'g\ gd|tf ;fksf]6f . rnlrqdf eg] pgsf] ofqf ;'vb
5}g . s]xL ;fdfGo e"ldsfdf g} pgn] lrQ j'emfpg' k/]sf] 5 .
pg} gd|tfnfO{ lgb]{zs lbg]z
>]i7n] cfˆgf] gofF rnlrq …zs'GtnfÚsf] Ps cfO6d uLtdf g[To u/fPsf 5g\ .
lbg]zs} 5fof+sg /x]sf] of] uLtdf dfOsn rGbsf] sf]l/of] u|fkmL 5 .
b'uf{ v/]nsf] cfjfh, ch{'g
kf]v|]nsf] ;+uLt / 8fS6/ s[i0fx/L a/fnsf] of] uLtdf zAb 5 . rnlrqnfO{ dx]Zj/
vqL / >[K;f vqLn] lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g\ .
rnlrqdf gfos /fh]z xdfn
dlxnfsf] cjtf/df b]lvPsf 5g\ . lszf]/ vltj8f, cg' zfx nufotsf snfsf/nfO{ klg
rnlrqdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . ebf} ( ut]af6 of] rnlrq l/lnh x'Fb}5 .
…jL/ ljqmdÚsf]
sG6]G6 kfj/ l;+un / dlN6Kn]S;d} rNof]
n lkmNdL
va/
lalxaf/af6 l/lnhdf
cfPsf] dlN6:6f// rnlrq …jL/ ljqmdÚn] pT;fxhgs ;'?jft u/]sf] 5 . lgdf{tf tyf
lgb]{zs ldng rfD;n] z'qmaf/ / zlgaf/ rnlrqn] u/]sf] Jofkf/ cfqmfds ePsf] bfaL
u/] .
of] rnlrqnfO{ dlN6– Kn]S; /
l;+un b'a} xndf ?rfOPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . sf7df08f}sf] uf]kLs[i0f xnn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L
cg';f/ z'qmaf/ / zlgaf/ uf]kLsf] !! ;o l;6df rnlrq x]g]{ bz{ssf] eL8 nfu]sf]
lyof] .
ljz]iful/, sf7df08f}sf clwsf+z
xndf rnlrqn] kfPsf ;a} zf]df bz{ssf] rfk pRr b]lvPsf] 5 . rnlrqsf d'Vo snfsf/
bofxfª /fO{, cg'k ljqmd zfxL / bLof k'g sf7df08f}sf xn-xndf k'u]sf lyP .
rnlrqsf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ o;sf]
;zQm xltof/ dflgPsf] 5 . l;+un / dlN6Kn]S; b'a} xndf rnlrqsf] syf bz{sn] dg
k/fPsf 5g\ . u|fld0f kl/j]zsf] syfnfO{ cfw'lglss/0fdf 9flnPsfn] klg ldng rfD;
o;k6s …xFl;ofÚ eGbf ;kmn b]lvPsf 5g\ .
rnlrqsf ljt/s uf]ljGb zfxL /
uf]kfn sfo:yn] klg Jofkf/nfO{ lnP/ ;Gt'i6L JoQm u/] .
lalxaf/ rnlrqsf] cf]klgª ;fdfGo
ePklg z'qmaf/ / zlgaf/ cfqmfds b]lvPsf] xn ;+rfnsx?sf] egfO{ 5 .
n]v
b'O{ l5d]sdf ljz]if
b"tsf] cf}lrTo
o'j/fh rf}nfufO{
g]kfnsf b'O{
pkk|wfgdGqLx? ladn]Gb| lglw / s[i0f axfb'/ dx/f k|wfgdGqL k|r08sf] ljz]if
b"tsf ?kdf b'O{ l5d]sL b]zx? rLg / ef/tsf] e|d0f u/]sf 5g\ . b'O{ lbg
la/fP/ klxnf rLg / kl5 ef/taf6 z'? ePsf] gofF ;/sf/sf] s"6gLlts ofqf;Fu}
o;af/] b]zdf ax; klg z'? ePsf] 5 .+
ljkIfL bnx?n] ;/sf/sf] o;
sfo{sf] la/f]w yfn]sf 5g\ . t/, b]zsf] jt{dfg ca:yfdf o; sbdsf] la/f]w ug{
pko'Qm 5 t < o;af/] a:t'lgi7 ljZn]if0f cfjZos 5 .
s"6g}lts l/Qmtf
ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv ljb]zl:yt
lgof]ux? sl/a l/Qm 5g\ . cl3Nnf] ;/sf/n]] /fhb"t l;kmfl/; ;DalGw sfo{ cl3
a9fpg vf]h] klg ;/sf/ kl/jt{g;Fu} pQm sfo{ :jefljs ?kdf :ylut x'g k'u]sf] lyof]
. a? Pdfn] ;dy{s rf/ k|:tfljt
/fhb"tx?n] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;Dd k'u]/ To:tf] l/QmtfnfO{ yk nDAofpg an
ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
kl/0ffd h]–h:tf] cfpnf, t/,
Pdfn] :jo+ tTsfn gofF ;/sf/nfO{ /fhb"tx? lgo'Qm u/L ;xh 9+un]
s"6gLlts sfd ug{ lbg rfxb}g eGg] 5n{Ë eO;s]sf] 5 .
of] l:yltdf d'nsn] l5d]snufot
vfnL /x]sf s"6gLlts lgsfox?df tTsfn /fhb"tx? kfOxfNg] cj:yf 5}g .
t;y{, ;/f]sf/sf b[li6n] ;a}eGbf ;+j]bgzLn :yfgdf cfˆgf al/i7 dGqLx? ljz]if
b"tsf ?kdf k7fP/ k|wfgdGqL k|r08n] ;xL sfo{ cf/De ug{'ePsf] 5 .
lrlgofF /fi6«kltsf] ;Defljt
e|d0f
cfufdL cS6f]a/ dlxgfsf] dWolt/
ef/tsf] uf]jfdf la|S; d'n'sx?sf] cf7f}+ lzv/ a}7s x'Fb}5 . pQm a}7sdf ;xefuL
x'g lrlgofF /fi6«klt ;L lhglk+u uf]jf hfg] sfo{qmd 5 . pQm cj;/df g]kfn /
a+unfb]zsf] e|d0f ug]{ lrlgofF kIfsf] OR5f ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] ljifo xf] .
t/, If]qLo /fhgLlts
;+j]bgzLntfsf sf/0f tL e|d0fx? x'g] jf gx'g ;Sg] s]xL cfwf/x? ljBdfg 5g\ .
klxnf], ef/tLo cj/f]w / bf]>f], :jo+ rLgsf]
;'/Iff ;+j]bgzLntf tyf /fhgLlts rf;f] /fi6«klt ;Lsf] e|d0f afws x'g ;S5
. oxfF rLgsf] ;'/Iff rfF;f] :ki6} a'‰g ;lsg] s'/f xf] eg] /fhgLlts rfF;f]
eGgfn] To:tf] pRrtxsf] e|d0fsf] ;Gbe{df ug{'kg]{ d'2fut tof/Lsf] kIf xf] .
o; jfx]s cfˆgf] /fi6«kltsf]
la/n g]kfn e|d0f P]ltxfl;s xf];\ eGg] lrlgofF rf;f] / ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] a'‰g ;lsG5
. s]xL lbg klxn] Pshgf lrlgofF ly+s 6\of++sn] /fi6«klt ;L lhglk+usf] g]kfn
e|d0f b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwdf sf]z] 9'+uf aGg] atfPsf lyP .
s'/f :ki6} 5, lrlgofF kIf
/fi6«kltsf] e|d0fnfO{ ljz]if agfpg rfxG5 . g]kfnn] cfˆgf] Ps cleGg l5d]sLsf]
To:tf] rfxgfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ cfˆgf] d'n'ssf] Jofks lxt xfl;n ug{ s'g} s;/
afFsL /fVg' x'Fb}g .
k|wfgdGqLsf] ljz]if
b"tsf?kdf pkk|wfgdGqL dx/fn] a]Olh+u k'u]/ g]kfnsf] Tof] rxfgf / k|lta4tf
k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] lrlgofFx?nfO{ g]kfnaf/] Psflt/ cfZj:t agfPsf] 5 eg]
csf{]lt/ cf}krfl/s txdf ljifout tof/L cl3 a9fpg ljz]if e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 .
o;cl3 cfkm}+ ;+nUg ;/sf/n]
lrlgofF kIf;Fu cl3 a9fPsf ;xdlt tyf ;Demf}tfx? sfof{Gjog ub}{ cl3 a9fpg o;n]
7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng] 5 . Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf, /]nj] nfOg la:tf/, yk gfsf
vf]Ng] tTk/tf nufot cfly{s ljsf;sf] If]qdf /fi6«kltsf] e|d0fn] lg0ff{os sfd
ug]{ 5, h'g g]kfnsf] bL3{sfnLg lxtdf 5 .
kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt
elgG5 ldq km]g{ ;lsG5, l5d]sL
km]g{ ;lsGg . xfd|f l5d]sLx? h:tf 5g\ To:t} ?kdf xfdLn] pgLx?nfO{ em]Ng' kb{5 .
kl5Nnf] ;do ef/t / g]kfnsf] ;DaGwdf 7"n} ;d:ofx? cfP . g]kfn h:tf] ;fgf], sdhf]/
/ e"sDkaf6 IftlaIft b]znfO{ ef/t h:tf] zlQmzfnL d'n'sn] nfdf] / s7f]/
gfsfaGbL nufof] . o;n] ef/tsf] g]kfndf 7"nf] lj/f]w t eof] g}, t/ Tof]
eGbf 7"nf] s'/f ef/t ;/sf/k|lt l;+uf] g]kfn / OdfGbf/ g]kfnLx?sf] lrQ
b'Vof] .
cfˆgf] pbo;Fu} k/Dk/fut 7'NbfO
dfgl;stfaf6 ef/tdfly p7]sf] Pp6f zlQmzfnL ;Gb]z ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL df]bLn]
k6s–k6ssf] g]kfn ofqfsf] qmddf lbPsf lyP . t/, pgsf] Tof] 5lj gfsfaGbL h:tf]
cGofok"0f{ / s7f]/ sbdn] If0fe/d} w'hf–w'hf eof] .
g]kfnn] gfsfaGbLsf] k|lt/f]w
u¥of] / tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] Pp6f /fli6«o 5lj oxL sf/0fn] aGof] . Tof]
/fd|f] sfd lyof] ls cf]nL ef/t;fd' em's]gg\ . t/, gfsfaGbL Pp6f 36gfnfO{ dfq
cfwf/ agfP/, Tof] klg gfsfaGbL :jo+ ef/tn] g} lkmtf{ ul/;s]sf] ;Gbe{df klg gofF
cWofosf] z'?jft ug{ grfx]/ cf]nLn] uNtL ul//x]sf lyP .
gofF ;/sf/n] Tof] uNtL ;'wfg{
rfx]sf] 5 . pkk|wfgdGqL lglwsf] ef/t e|d0f oxL p2]Zodf cfwfl/t 5 .
l5d]sLx?sf] ;DaGw ;+;f/e/
Ps}gf;sf] 5}g . ltQmtf sd ug{ k|foM b]zx?n] kxn u/]sf pbfx/0fx? 5g\ . ;+o'Qm /fHo
cd]l/sf / So'jfsf] ;DaGwnfO{ x]/f}+ . pgLx? %) jif{sf] ;+jfbxLgtfnfO{ tf]8\b}
cl3Nnf] jif{dfq} k'gM cf}krfl/s bf}To ;DaGwdf kmls{P . ef/t / kfls:tfgsf] ;DaGw
gfh's df]8df klg ;+jfbsf] txdf, cfbfg–k|bfg / ljZjf; lgdf{0fsf] txdf /xG5 .
g]kfn / ef/tjLrsf] ;DaGw lgZro
g} ptf/–r9fjk"0f{ /Xof] . t/, cljZjf;sf] o; txdf slxNo} k'u]g . ;d:ofx?
b]lvFbf o;k6s ;dfwfgsf nflu ulDe/ k|oTgx? ePgg\ . ljifodf cf}krfl/s ?kn] uxg
ax; klg gp7\g], lr;f] klg eO/xg] vfnsf] ;d:of kl5Nnf] k6s b]lvPsf] lyof] .
g]kfn / ef/taLrsf] ;DaGw nfdf]
;do d'2fxLg lr;f]kgf af]s]/ /xg' sbflk g]kfnsf] lxtdf lyPg / 5}g . xf], g]kfnn]
ef/tsf] k|e'TjjfbL jf la:tf/jfbL gLltsf] la/f]w ub}{ hfg' kb{5, t/ ;fy;fy}
/fli6«o lxtdf l5d]sLsf] gftfn] pm;Fu ;+jfb ;xsfo{ klg ub}{ hfg'kb{5 .
xfdLn] ;'ljrfl/t ?kdf ef/tLo
k|e'Tjaf6 d'lQm klg vf]Hg' kb{5 . t/, ef/t;Fu ;Djfb / ;xsfo{ klg ;Fu;Fu} cl3
a9fpg' kb{5 . xfdL h:tf] ev{/ ljsf;sf] kydf nDsg, ev{/ gofF /fhgLlts uf]/]6f]
klxNofpg / To;df cl8g rfx]sf] d'n'sn] cfˆgf l5d]sLx?nfO{ ;Gt'ngdf /fVg ;Sg'kb{5
. c;Gt'lnt jf Psfkl§af6 gb]lvg], ge]l6g] l5d]s gLlt xfd|f] xsdf laNs'n pko'Qm
x'g ;Sb}g . gofF ;/sf/n] ljz]if b"tx? dfkm{t cfkm" ;Gt'lnt l5d]s gLlt
/ k|ultzLn /fi6«jfbdf b[9 /x]sf] ;Gb]z ef/t / rLg b'j}nfO{ lbPsf] 5 . of] sbdn]
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o lxtsf] Jofks kIfkf]if0f u/]sf] 5 .
k|r08 g]t[Tjsf] gofF ;/sf/n]
zflGt k|s[ofsf] afFsL sfd k"/f ug]{, ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ / ;Dj[l4sf]
dfu{df a9\g] Ps /]vLo ;+sNk u/]sf] 5 . of] /]vf k"/f ug{ sxLF g sxLF
l5d]sLx?sf] ;fy ;xof]u geOsg x'Fb}g . To;sf nflu k|wfgdGqL k|r08n] rLg /
ef/tsf] tTsfn e|d0f ug]{ ;Defjgf klg 5 .
ljz]if b"tx?dfkm{t
k|wfgdGqL k|r08n] /fli6«o :jfy{ l;4 ug]{ cfˆgf] p2]Zo k"lt{sf]] dfu{nfO{
Jofks lj:tf/ ug{' ePsf] 5 . j[xb / ;'b[9 /fli6«o Pstf tyf To;sf] andf ;Gt'lnt
l5d]s ;DaGw k|r08 ;/sf/sf] cfwf/e"t
l5d]s gLlt xf] .
x/]s b]zeQm / :jfledfgL
g]kfnLn] /fli6«o :jfy{ k"/f ug]{ of] sbdnfO{ ;+zo xf]Og, ljZjf; /
P]Soj4tfsf] b[li6n] x]g{' kb{5 .
cgnfO{g vj/af6
df]km;n kqsfl/tf
d}n] cfTd;Ddfg /
hglaZjf; sdfPsf] 5'
o1/fh hf]zL -sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs_
;'b"/ 8]nL ;fKtflxs, s}nfnL
tkfO+{sf] k'/f
kl/ro kfpF g <
— d]/f] gfd o1/fh hf]zL xf] .
g]kfn k|]; o'lgPg s}nfnL lhNnf sfo{;ldlt ;b:o klg 5' . d clxn] ;'b"/ 8]nL
;fKtflxsdf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs eP/ sfd ul//x]sf]
5' . hGd ynf] 8f]6L xf], xfn d]/f] a;fO{ af}lgofF–^, af}lgofFdf /x]sf] 5
eg] laut cf7 aif{ b]lv cWoog tyf sfdsf] lznl;nfdf wgu9Ldf a:b} cfPsf] 5' .
tkfO{n] lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf
/f]Hg' eof] <
— d]/f] ;fg}b]lv ;flxTo tkm{
lgs} g} ?lr lyof] . Ps k6ssf] 36gf xf] . d 8f]6Ls} tTsflng sfgfrf}/ lgdfladf
kfFr sIffdf cWoog uy]{ . ufpFsf w]/} dfG5] sdfpg k|fo ef/t hfg] uy]{ . Tolta]nf
clxn] h:tf] kmf]gsf] ;'lawf lyPg . lrÝL k7fpg] rng lyof] . Pshgf ufpFs} cfdfn]
…afa' ltd|f] sfsfnfO{ kq k7fpg' kg]{ xf], lrÝL n]lvb]p tÚ eGg' ef] . d}n] x'G5
eg] / kq sf]g{ yfn] pxfFn] kqsf] cGTodf Pp6f 8]p8f uLt n]Vg eGg' ePsf] lyof] .
Tof] uLt clxn] klg d]/f] dg;k6ndf 3'ld/xG5 . pxfFn] of] uLt n]Vbf cfFvfaf6
cfz'g} emfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ Toltv]/ t yfxfePg pxfFn] lsg cfFz' emfg'{ef
xf] eGg] . kl5 a'em\bf Tof] cfFz'n] aiff}{ b]lv >Ldfg\;+u la5f]l8g'sf] lk8f
af]n]sf] lyof] . kl5 pd]/ a9\b} ubf{ ;flxTo lt/ em'sfa a9\of] / kqsfl/tf tkm{
klg snd / sbd rfNg' k5{ eGg] ;f]r ef] . lo o:tf lk8f ca s;}n] ef]Ug' gk/f]; .
sndsf] dfWodaf6 ;/f]sf/jfnfO{ va/bf/L ug{ ;lsof]; / b]zd} sfd ug]{ aftfa0f{sf]
;[hgf xf];\, eGg] Woon] g} kqsfl/tfdf nfluof] .
slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf]
<
— d laut ;ft aif{b]lv kqsfl/tf
k]zfdf cfa4 5' .
s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{
?rfpg' x'G5 <
— d ;fdflhs, cfly{s /
dfgaclwsf/ la6sf] kqsl/tfdf snd rnfpg ?rfpg] dfG5] x'F . d ;dfh clwsf/ ;DdkGg
x'g'k5{ / cfly{s ?kdf ;an x'g' k5{ eGg] dfGotf /fVg] dfG5] x'F .
kqsfl/tfdf t w]/} ;d:ofx? 5g\,
eG5g\ lg, s:tf vfnsf ;d:ofx? kfpg' eof] <
— tkfO{n] w]/} dxTjk"0f{
k|Zg ;f]Wg' eof] . af:tad} kqsfl/tfdf y'k|} ;d:of 5g\ . vf]hd'ns
hf]lvdk"0f{ ;dfrf/ n]Vbf kqsf/sf] Hofgg} hf]lvdf kg]{ ;a} eGbf 7'nf] vt/f
5 . kqsf/n] yf]/} kfl/>ldsdf sfd ug'{, To;} dfly emg ;dodf tna gkfpg',
;/sf/n] sfg'g agfP klg sfof{Gjog gx'g' nufotsf y'k|} ;d:of 5g\ .
df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf t
of] eGbf klg a9L ;d:ofx? 5g\, eGg] ul/G5 lg Û
— df]km;nsf] kqsfl/tf t emg}
ufx|f] x'g] g} eof] . tnb]lv dfyL ;Ddsf kqsf/sf] xfnt nueu p:t}p:t} xf] . s]xL
;~rf/ dfWoddf eg] /fd|f] gePsf] klg xf]O{g . x}g eg] ;a}sf] xfnt p:t} xf] .
sndlhjL eP/ hLjg lgjf{x u5'{ eGg' eg]sf] clxn] t kmnfdsf] lrp/f rkfpF5' eg]
h:t} ePsf] 5 .
df]km;n} ePklg s}nfnL lhNnfnfO{
t kqsf/x?sf] nflu pj{/s e"ldsf ?kdf dflgG5 lg, s:tf] kfpg' eof] <
— kqsf/sf] ;+Vof a9\g' / ldl8of
xfp; a9\g'nfO{ pa{/ e"ld d dfGb}g . u'0f:t/ a9\g' / kqsf/x? kqsfl/tfaf6
cfTdlge{/ x'g ;Sg'nfO{ d pj{/ 7fG5' . h'g s}nfnLdf klg 5}g . s}nfnLdf y'k|}
ldl8ofx? 5g\ t/ ldl8ofsdL{sf lk8f eg] p:t} 5g\ . To;}n] pj{/ e"ld agfpg]
xf] eg] xfdLn] d}n] eg]sf] s'/fdf Wofg lbg' k5{ .
df]km;n kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of
;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ <
— xfdL ;/sf/nfO{ dfq bf]if
lbG5f}+ . ;/sf/n] of] u/]g, Tof] u/]g . of] ug'{ k5{, Tof] ug'{ k5{ eGb}df dfq
;do vlr{G5f}+ . xfdL s] ub}{ 5f}+, slxn] ;f]Rb}gf}+ . ;~rf/pBdL sf] 5g\ . tkfO{
cfkm} eGg'; . clwsfz+ ;~rf/sdL{ g} ;~rf/pBdL 5g\ gL . x}g / < h:tf]
pbfx/0fsf nfuL Pshgf uf]/vfkqdf sfd ug]{ kqsf/n] s'g} nf]sn klqsfdf nufgL
u/]sf] 5 . p;n] ;w} uf]/vfkqn] cfˆgf] tna a9fO{b]j; eGg] ;f]R5 t/ d}n] d]/f]
;~rf/dfWoddf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] tna a9fpg' k5{ ;f]Rb}g . ;d:of oxfF 5 .
;/sf/n] lgod agfof] t/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog ePg eg] s] sfd . hf] cfkm} ;~rf/sdL{ /
;~rf/pBdL 5g\ . To;kl5 ;/sf/n] /fli6«o la1fkg df]km;nsf klqsfnfO{ klg pkAw
u/fpg] aftfj/0f ;[hgf ug'{ k5{ .
df]km;nsf kqsf/sf] gª, cfFvf b]lv hLjg ladf ug]{ ;Ddsf] Aoj:yf ug'{ k5{ .
sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf u/fpg tkm{ sbd rfNg' k5{ . lo o:tf s'/fdf Wofg lbP df]km;nsf]
kqsfl/tfdf s]xL ;xh x'g ;S5 .
df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf
;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] slQsf] e'ldsf v]n]sf] kfpg' ePsf] 5
<
— h'g lsl;dsf] e"ldsf
lgefpg' kg]{ xf] Tof] lsl;dsf] e"ldsf lgefpg g;s]sf] s'/f t 3fd h:t} 5n{Ë 5 gL .
tkfO{ cfkm} klg k|]; o'lgog
s}nfnLsf] ;b:o x'g'x'G5, ;~rf/sdL{x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx?n] df]km;n kqsf/sf ;d:of
;dfwfgsf nflu s:tf] e'ldsf v]n]sf] kfpg'x'G5 <
— lo a}rfl/s ;+u7gx? kqsf/sf]
lxtsf nflu geO{ cf–cfˆgf] kf6L{sf] lxtsf nflu af]Ng] u5{g . ha;Dd ;a} a}rfl/s
;+u7g Ps 7fpFdf pleP/ kqsf/ / kqsfl/tfsf] xs lxtsf nflu cfjfh p7fpb}gg\ ta;Dd
df]km;nsf] kqsfl/tf ;an x'g} ;Sb}g . x'g t d klg Pp6f ;d"xdf cfa4 5' .
d}n] o:tf] eGg gx'g] xf] t/ klg k|i6 s'/f eGg} kg]{ nfu]/ eg]sf] x'F .
tkfOsf] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf]
<
— /fHosf] rf}yf] c+usf ?kdf
/x]sf] kqsfl/tf cfjfh lalxgx?sf] cfjfh xf] . o;n] ;dfhdf n's]/ /x]sf
Aolyltx?nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg] sfd u5{ . kqsfl/tfn] hgtfnfO{ ;'–;"lrt ug]{ sfd
u5{ . ;dfhdf e|i6frf/, s'l/tL df}nfpg lbb}g .
s}nfnLdf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf]
hLjg:t/ t lgs} dfyL b]lvG5, slt sdfpg' eof] of] k]zfjf6 <
— d O{dfGbfl/tfk"j{s sfd
ug]{ dfG5] xF' . tkfO{n] t]:of{pg vf]Hg' eP h:tf] d}n] kqsfl/tfdf nfu]/ s}n]
a]dfgL u/]g . d lkt kqsfl/tf ug{ dg klg k/fpFb}g . of] eg]sf] o:tf] k]zf xf]
h'g sdfpgnfO{ xf]Og, ;dfhdf s]xL lbgnfO{ ul/G5 h:tf] nfU5 . o:tf] klaq k]zfdf
nfu]/ d}n] cf ;Dd s]xL klg sdfPsf] 5}g . dnfO{ ;dfrf/ n]v/ afu]{lgË u/]/ k};f
sdfpg' klg 5}g . xf] d}n] kqsfl/tfdf nfu]/ Ps s'/f rflxF kSs} sdfPsf] 5' Tof]
eg]sf] cfTd;Ddfg / cfTd ;Gt'li6 xf] .
g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tf If]q
lbgk|ltlbg ab\gfldt x'Fb} 5, kf7s ju{n] ;dfrf/sf] laZjf;gLotfk|lt k|Zg p7fpg
yfn]sf 5g, ;~rf/sdL{x? klg u}/ sfg'gL lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg ePsf 5g, kqsfl/tfleq
u}/ kqsf/x?sf] af]nafnf a9L 5 eGg] cf/f]k nfUg yfn]sf] 5, s}nfnLsf] cj:yf s:tf]
5 <
— o;df d w]/} eGg rfxfGg . xfjf
grn]/ kfn xlNnb}g . Tolts} s;}n] s;}dfly cf}nf p7fpFb}g . ;~rf/dfWoddf sfd ug]{
dfG5] u}/sfg'lg lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g} kfpFb}g . o;sf nflu s8f sfg'g aGg' k5{ .
s}nfnLsf] cj:yfsf] s'/f ubf{ d}n] To;f] u/]sf] klg 5}g . To;}n] klg dnfO{ Tof]
laifodf yfxf 5}g . c? kqsf/ ;fyLx? klg unt wGbfdf ;+nUg 5}gg\ xf]nf eGg] nfU5 .
cGTodf eGg} kg]{ s'g} s'/f 5'6]
h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 ls <
— kqsfl/tf u/]/ dfG5] cfTdlge{/
x'g] lbg cfj; . ;/sf/n] kqsfl/tfnfO{ cem} s;/L Aojl:yt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] tkm{ Wofg
b]j; eGg rfxG5' / kqsfl/tfnfO{ s;}n] klg unt 9+uaf6 k|of]u ug'{ xF'b}g eGg rfxG5'
.
;do / larf/sf nflu wGoafb .
— @)^) ;fnb]lv 8f]6Laf6 k|sflzt
eO{/x]sf] laDa ;fKtflxs cfjfh lalxgx?sf] cfjfh ag]/ plePsf] 5 . o; klqsfdf
dnfO{ cfkm\gf larf/ /fVg] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf]df tkfO{k|lt klg cfef/ AoQm ug{
rfxG5' . ;fy} o; klqsfsf] lg/Gt/tf / ;kmntfsf] klg z'esfdgf AoQm ug{
rfxG5' .
nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] tof/Lsf nflu
pkof]uL
a:t'ut k|Zgx?
!= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg
@)&@ sf] s'g wf/fdf …;+ljwfg;ef cbfntÚ sf] u7g ug{ ;lsg] s'/f pNn]v 5 < —
wf/f !!*
@= g]kfndf sfg'gL ?kdf 5'jf5't
/ hftLo lje]bsf] cGTo slxn]sf] d'n'sL P]gn] u/]sf] xf] <
— @)@) sf] gofF d'n'sL P]g
#= t]x|f}F of]hgf
-@)&)÷&!/–@)&@÷&#_ n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ck]lIft cf};t cfo' slt
aif{ k'¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 < — &!
aif{
$= ;d|f6 czf]s s:sf] kfnfdf
g]kfn cfPsf lyP < — :y'+sf]
%= k"j{sf] df]lt eg]/ s'g
b]znfO{ lrlgG5 < — >Ln+sf
^= ljZj hg;+Vof lbj; slxn]
dgfO{G5 < — h'nfO{ !!
&= dfj{nsf] nflu g]kfnsf]
k|l;4 7fpF s'g xf] < — uf]bfj/L
*= km]jf tfnaf6 lg:sg] vf]nf
kflb{ vf]nf xf] eg] /f/f bxaf6 lg:sg] vf]nf s'g xf] < — vTof8
(= la=;+= @)^* sf] hgu0fgf
cg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'n hg;+Vof slt /x]sf] 5 <
— @,^$,($,%)$ hgf
!)= lghfdlt ;]jf lgodfjnL slxn]
hf/L ePsf] xf] < — @)%)÷)#÷@*
!!= vKt8 /fli6«o lgs'~h sxfF
kb{5 < — aemfª, afh'/f, 8f]6L /
c5fd
!@= k[YjL lbj; slxn] dgfO{G5
< – ck|]n
@@
!#= ;Gb's ?Otsf] hGd s'g
lhNnfdf ePsf] lyof] < — tfKn]h'ª
!$= k[YjLdf %) Kg prfNg ;Sg]n] rG›dfdf slt s]lh prfNg ;S5
< — #)) s]hL
!%= k[YjL s'g lbzfaf6 stflt/
3'D5 < — klZrdaf6 k"j{lt/
!^= cf6fsfdf d?e'dL sxfF cjl:yt
5 < — lrnL
!&= lgDgdWo]df s;nfO b}j
tTj -God Particle_ elgG5 < — Higgs
Boson -lbO{Psf dWo]_
!*= …d'nfÚ sf] nflu k|l;4 7fpF
s'g xf] < — lrtnfª
!(= 57 kj{df s'g b]jtfsf]
k"hf ul/G5 < — ;"o{
@)= pkTosfsf] Ps dfq v'Nnf
lbzfd'Qm 3f]if0ff ePsf] lhNnf s'g xf] <
— eQmk'/
@!= g]kfndf klxnf] kj{tLo
v]ns'b dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf slxn] ul/Psf] lyof] <
– lj=;+ @)^( kmfu'g !* b]lv
r}q !* ;Dd
@@= ufos kmQ]dfg /fh e08f/Lsf]
lgwg slxn] ePsf] lyof] < — lj=;+
@)&) ebf} @% ut]
@#= Ps ufpF Ps pTkfbg
sfo{qmdsf] z'?jft s'g b]zaf6 ePsf] xf] <
– hfkfg
@$= ef/tsf ;d|f6 czf]sn] n8]sf]
Psdfq o'4 s'g xf] < — slnªsf] o'4
@%= Oltxf;sf] aQL eg]/ s'g
b]znfO{ lrlgG5 < — lu|;
@^= g]kfnsf /fli6«o lje"lt
cd/l;+x yfkfsf] d[To' s'g 7fpFdf ePsf] lyof] < – uf];fO{s'08
@&= ljZj aGohGt' sf]ifn]
g]kfnsf s;nfO{ af3 ;+/If0f ;b\efjgf b"t 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 <
– /fh]z xdfn
@*= ;/sf/L sfof{nodf !@ 306]
;]jf slxn]af6 ;~rfng ug{ z'? ul/Psf] xf] <
– lj=;+ @)&! k'; ! ut]
@(= g]kfn / lrg aLrsf] /;'jfu9L
gfsf slxn]af6 ;~rfng ul/Psf] xf] <
– lj=;+ @)&! d+l;/ !% ut]
#)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt @)&!
d+l;/ !^ ut] ^! yk gu/kflnsf yk];+u} gu/kflnsfsf] s'n ;+Vof !(! k'u]sf] 5 eg]
s'n uflj; ;+Vof 36]/ sltdf em/]sf] 5 <
– #@&^
#!= g]kfnsf] df}l›s lglt s;n]
lgwf{/0f u5{ < — g]kfn /fi6« a}+s
#@= ck]lIft j[l4b/ / ;fdfGo
j[l4b/ egL b'O{ k|sf/sf] nIo to ePsf] cfalws of]hgf s'g xf] <
— b;f}+
##= /fHo s]G›Lt cjwf/0ffaf6
lglh If]q s]G›Lt cjwf/0fftkm{ ePsf] k|yd of]hgf s'g xf] <
— cf7f}+
#$= …lzIff efjL hLjgsf] tof/L
dfq xf]Og of] t hLjg ofkgsf] k|s[of xf] .Ú of] egfO s;sf] xf] <
— hf]g l8j]
#%= g]kfnL efiff l;sfpg]
k|of]hgsf nflu k|sflzt ul/Psf] klxnf] k':ts s'g xf] <
— cIf/f+s lzIff
#^= tnsf kf7\oqmdsf cËx?sf] 7Ls
qmd s'g xf] <
— laifoj:t', p2]Zo, lzIf0f
ljlw / d'NofÍg
#&= tnsf dWo s'g afhfnfO
…gu/fÚ klg elgG5 < — bdfxf
#*= :ju{df :yfg ;'/lIft
ug{sfnfuL dg{'eGbf cufl8 ul/g] bfgk'hfnfO s] elgG5 < — j}t/gL
#(= tnsfdWo s'g nIo 8sf/ d~rn]
3f]if0ff u/]sf] nIo leq ;dfa]z 5}g <
— dflqefiffsf] dfWodaf6
cfwf/e't tyf lzIffdf ;'wf/ -lbO{Psf dWo]_
$)= kf]v/f lj:jlaBfnosf] :yfkgf
slxn] ePsf] xf] < — @)%$
;flxTo÷;[hgf
u'?b]j, d tkfO{nfO{
gd:sf/ ulb{gF
tkfO{+ rfxg'x'G5 tkfO{+nfO{
af6f]df e]6\bf
d tkfO{+sf] v'§f 5f]pmF of
s'k|fP/ k"/f 9f8
tkfO{+nfO{ gd:sf/ ub}{
gtdits ag"F
t/ tkfO{+;fd' d]/f xft hf]l/g}
dfGb}gGf\
tkfO{+n] eGg'ePsf] lyof] s'g}
lbg
…u'? b]jf] ejMÚ
xf], d klg z'¿z'¿df tkfO{+nfO{
b]ptf g} dfGy]+ Û
t/ d]/f] b]ptf ;w}+ ;w}+
;fFemdf
km"ndtLsf] e§Ldf sf]bf]sf]
/; lkP/
/ft–/ftel/ cZnLn uLt ufpg
yfNof]
kf6L{sf] sfo{qmddf x/]s k6s
lhGbfjfb / d"bf{jfbsf gf/f
3GsfpFb}
cufl8 cufl8 pk|mg yfNof]
xfdLn] k9\g] lstfasf] s'g} dtna
5}g
:s"ndf kf6L{sf] d'vkq /
krf{rflx+
;dod} cfOk'Ug yfNof]
d]/f] b]ptf
slxn] sIffdf ;'Tg yfNof]
slxn] cfˆgf] lkl/o8 g} lal;{g
yfNof]
clnslt l/; p7\of] eg]
cfGbf]ngsf] k'ln;em}F xftdf nÝL
lnP/
sIffsf] leq–aflx/ ub}{ na{/fpg
yfNof]
d}n] dfGg'kg]{ d]/f] :jfdL
d]/f] Vjfldt, d]/f] u'?b]j,
slxn] r'/f]6 vfg yfNof]
ef]sf] e]8fn] 3fF; rkfPem}F
;'tL{ rkfpFb}
sIffdf cfpg yfNof]
sIffdf pQ/ gl;sfP/
hfFrdf k|Zgkq a]Rg yfNof]
d}n] lh1f;fn] kf7 aflx/sf k|Zg
;f]w]+ eg]
cfuf]sf] lkmlnËf h:tf cfFvfn]
dnfO{ 3'g{ yfNof]
olt w]/} 36gf ePkl5 d}n] d]/f]
b]ptf
cyf{t\ d]/f] u'?nfO{ gd:sf/ ug{
5f]l8lbPF .
clg u'?n] 3f]if0ff ug{'eof] –
u'?nfO{ g6]g]{ d hËnL x'F,
:jfF7 / x/fdL x'F
u'?sf cufl8 lz/ gem'sfpg] d
cg'zf;gxLg g} x'F .
ca d o;kflnb]lv
k/LIffsf] pQ/k'l:tsfdf n]Vg]
5}g s'g} pQ/
s]jn n]Vg] 5' k|Zg}k|Zg
h:tf] ls,
tkfO{+ dnfO{ /fdh:tf] aGg'k5{
eGg'x'G5 k6s–k6s
tkfO{+rflx+ ljZjfldq h:tf]
aGg'k5{ ls kb}{g <
xl/x/ ltldnl;gf
g]kfn k|x/L pRr dfla sfe|]knfGrf]s
-lzIfs dfl;saf6_
uhn
ltdLn] hfgLg, d}n] dflgg
plxn] eg]sf] s'/f,
d}n] ;'g]sf] s'/f,
PSn} PSn} 3'Dg], / /Dg]x?
/d], ef+u wt'/f]sf] s'/f
ltdLn] hfgLg d}n] dflgg
plxn] eg]sf] s'/f
d}n] ;'g]sf] s'/f
cs]nf
;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg
dfnkf]n sfof{no 8f]6Laf6 hf/L ul/Psf]sbfjL ;DjGwL
#% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
ldlt M @)&#.)%.)^
lhNnf
8f]8L dfGgsfk8L uf=lj=;= j8f g+= $ l:yt ls=g+= ##), ##&, ##*, #$@, #%$,
#%^, #^), #&%, #(@, #(%, $!!, %!& P]= j8f g+= % l:yt ls=g+= #%#, #($ P]
j8f g+= ^ $*@, %)% / %!^ sf] k'/} 3/hUufx? rqm jxfb'/ dGgLsf] gfpFdf gfkgS;f
eO{ hUufwlg k|df0f k'hf{ sfod ePsf]df hUufwlg rqm jxfb'/ df}gLsf] g]kfnL
gful/stfsf] k|df0f kqdf gfd rqm jxfb'/ df}gL afa' lj/ jxfb'/ :yfoL 7]ufgf
af}gLof uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ( s}nfnL ePsf] / dfGgfsfkl8 uf=lj=;= l:yt pNn]lvt
ls=g+=sf] hUuf wgLx?sf] hUuf wgL btf{ k|df0f k'hf{df gfd rqm jxfb'/ dGgL afa'
lj/efg afh] sfn' :yfoL 7]ufgf dfGgfsfkl8 uf=lj=;= j8f g+= $ x'g uO{ gfd y/
afa'sf] gfd / 7]ufgf km/s kg{ uPsf] ePtf klg lt b'a} gfd y/ 7]ufgf ePsf JolQm
km/s km/s JolQm geO{ Pp6} JolQm af}gLof uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ( a:g] lj/efg eGg]
lj/jxfb'/sf] 5f]/f rqm jxfb'/ df}gL ePsf]n] g]=gf=k|=k adf]lhd gfd y/ afa'sf]
gfd / 7]ufgf ;+;f]wg ul/ kfp egL dfGgfsfk8L uf=lj=;= :yLt hUuf wgL btf{ k|df0f
k'hf{ dfnkf]t a'emfPsf] /l;b dfGgfsfk8L uf=lj=;=sf] sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] r=g+= ^
ldlt @)&#.)$.@& ut]sf] ls6fgL l;kmfl/; kq g]kfn gful/stfsf] k|df0f kq
cflb k|df0fx? ;fy} /fvL ldlt @)&#.)%.)^ ut]df o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg bfjL ug'{
ePsf]n] xsbfjL ;DjGwL of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . pQm hUuf ;DjGwdf s'g}
s;}sf] xsbfjL k'Ug] eP jf lga]bgsf] dfubfjL adf]lhd gfd y/ / 7]ufgf ;+;f]wg ug{
gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP of] ;"rgf k|sflxt ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s #%
lbg leq cfkm' ;Fu ePsf ;Ssn k|df0f ;fy sfof{nodf ph'/ bfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf
cGoyf Dofb leq s'g} s;}sf] ph'/L bfjL gk/] lgodfg';f/ e} hfg] Joxf]/f o;}
;"rgf4f/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf
tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf
ljefu
d'Vo ;dfrf/
8f]6Ldf ph'/L
k]l6sfdf v:b}gg\ …ph'/LÚ
8f]6L lhNnfsf k|foM
;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] aflx/ k§L ph'/L k]l6sf
e'm08\ofPsf 5g . sfof{nodf ph'/L k]l6sfsf] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5 t/ gful/sn]]
aif{e/L Pp6f klg ph/L v;fNb}gg\ . k]6L
/fVg] Aoa:yf eP b]vL g} ph'/L gk/]sfn] vf]Ng} gu/]sf] w]/} sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lsf]
cg'ea 5 .
cfkm\gf ;d:of, sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf]
clgoldttf tyf ;'emfa k|ToIf u'gf;f] ug{ g;Sg] AoQmLn] klg n]v]/ ph'/L xfNg
;sf]; eGb} ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nodf afWofTsssf/L Aoa:yf u/]sf] 5 . hgtf;+u k|ToIf ;+nUg /xg] lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt
8f]6Ldf klg ph'/L k]6Lsf dfkm{t s'g} ph'/L gk/]sf] :yfgLo lasf; clwsf/L s[i0f
uf}tdn] atfP . uf}tdn] eg] …d]/f] hfgsf/Ldf cfP ;Dd ph'/L k]6Lsfdf xfn;Dd klg
ph'/L k/]sf] 5}g, gful/sn] ph'/L k]l6sfsf af/]df hfgsf/L geP/ klg xf]nf .Ú
lhNnf ag sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] ph'/L
k]l6sfdf klg ph'/L gk/]sf] lhNnf ag clws[t abL|s'df/ sfsL{n] atfP . sfsL{n] eg]
…xfd|f] sfof{nodf ph'/L k]l6sfdf ph'/L v;]sf] s'/f d]/f] hfgsf/Ldf 5}g . v} lsg xf] ph'/L v:b}gg\ xfdL ph'/L
cfof] sL eg]/ x]/L /x]sf x'G5f}+ t/ slxn] cfPsf] x'Fb}g .Ú
;/sf/L sfof{non] ;Dkfbg u/]sf
sfdx?sf] kf/blz{tf xf];, ;]jfu|fxL k|tL ;DalGwt sfof{nosf sd{rf/L lhDd]jf/ ag'g
/ cfkm' dftxtsf sd{rf/Ln] ;]jfu|fxL k|tL u/]sf Aoaxf/sf af/]df sfof{no k|d'vn]
hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L cfaZos lgb]{zg tyf
sf/jfxL ug{ ;sf]; eGg] pb]Zosf ;fy ;a} sfof{nodf ph'/L k]l6sfsf] clgjfo{ Aoa:yf ul/Psf] xf] .
8f]6L lhNnfdf ph'/L k]l6sfdf
ph'/L gv:g] u/]sf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s]zak|zfb cfrf{on] atfP . pgn] eg]
…8f]6L lhNnfdf ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nodf ph'/L ug]{ Aoa:yf 5 t/ s;}n] klg ph'/L tyf
;'emfa lbFb}gg\ eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 d To;af/] ;3g ?kdf cg'udg u5'{ .
ph'/L gx]/]sf x'g jf ph'/L g} gcfPsf x'g .Ú k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L cfrf{on] yk]
…xfd|f] sfof{nodf klg ph'/L k]l6sfdf ph'/L v:b}gg\, a? l;w} 7f8f] ph'/Lx? cfpg]
u/]sf 5g .Ú
8f]6L lhNnfsf s]xL u}/;/– sf/L
;+:yfx?n] klg ph'/L k]l6sfsf]] Aoa:yf u/]sf 5g . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf ph'/L
k]l6sfsf] xfnt klg p:t} 5 . ;dfg kx'Fr lasf; s]Gb| l;8 g]kfnsf cWoIf z]/axfb'/
dNnn] eg] …xfd|f] sfof{nodf ;'emfa k]l6sf 5 t/ ph'/L cfPsf] 5}g .Ú
;]jfu|fxLx? sfof{nosf] ph'/L
k]l6sfsf ph'/L xfNbf klg ;d:ofsf] xn x'G5 eGg]df laZj:t gePsf sf/0f klg ph'/L
k]l6sfdf ph'/L gcfpg] u/]sf] clwsf/sdL{ clw/fh la;Ln] atfP . la;Ln] eg] …ph'/L
gv:g'df b'O{ vfn] ;d:of b]lvG5 Psftkm{ ph'/L k]l6sfdf xfNbf slxn] ;'gfO{ x'G5,
x'G5 sL x'Fb}g eGg] 9'Sstf gePsf sf/0f klg ph'/L cfPsf] b]lvGg eg] csf]{tkm{
k'af{u|fxL ;f]rsf sf/0f klg ;d:of cfPsf] b]lvG5 . clVtof/df ph'/L xfn]/ l7s
kfg'{k5{ eGg] lrGtgsf sf/0f klg ;d:of ePsf] 5 .Ú
8f]6L lhNnf ;/sf/L sfof{non]
:yfkgf u/]sf] ph'/L k]l6sfdf ph'/L gv;]sf] eP klg ltg} sfof{nosf w]/} ph'/Lx?
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfof{no / lhNnf k|zf;sf sfof{nodf k/]sf]
b]lvG5 .
8f]6L lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf
dlxgfdf % b]lv @@ ph'/L kg]{ u/]sf] 8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s]za k|zfb
cfrf{on] hfgsf/L lbP . cfrf{on] eg] …xfd|f] sfof{nodf ph'/L kg]{ lalQs} t'?Gt}
PS;g lnG5f}+ . laleGg sfof{nosf ;d:of lno/ lnlvt tyf df}lvs ?kdf u'gf;f] lno/
cfPsf x'G5g .Ú
;DkfbsLo
slxn];Dd rN5 o:tf]
<
@)^@÷)^# sf] P]ltxfl;s
hgcfGbf]ngkl5 xfdLn] d'n'snfO{ zflJbs ?kd} ePklg u0ftGqfTds Joj:yfdf?kdfGt/0f
u¥of}+ . o;;+u} xfdLn] /fhtGqsf cjz]ifx? ;dfKt kfb}{ n}hfg] k|of; klg u¥of}+ .
;j} s'/fdf zflJbs ?kdf nf]stflGqs vf]Hb} uof}+ . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] gfd
kl/jt{g u/]/ æg]kfnL ;]gfÆ jgfof}+ . t/, Jojxf/t xfdLn] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6
g]kfnL ;]gf gfdfs/0f u/]sf] ;]gf nf]stflGqs eof] t < jf p;n] cfkm'nfO{
nf]stflGqsLs/0f ug{ ;Sof] t < p;sf Jojxf/x?
lg/+z'safbL Joj:yf jf z}nL eGbf s]xL km/s eP t < k|Zgx? w]/} 5g .
s]xL lbg cuf8L g]kfnL ;]gfsf]
Jof/]sleq e08f/0f ul/ /flvPsf] cTofw'lgs
xltof/ ;lxt ;}lgs km/f/ /x]sf] ;g;gLk"0f{ vj/ jflx/ cfpF5 . g]kfnL
;]gfnfO{ o;af/]df ;f]Wbf 3'dfp/f] hjfkm lbG5 . p;n] of] e|d xf] jf af:tljs xf]
eGg] k|i6 kfg{sf nflu Ps la1KtL;Dd klg lgsfNg cfjZos 7fGb}g . s] ePsf] xf],
s;/L ePsf] xf] / jflx/ cfPsf] xNnf s] xf] eGg] jf/]df ;]gfsf] cflwsfl/s wf/0ff
jflx/ cfpg' k5{ ls kb}{g <
To;sf] Ps xKtf klg glaTb} Ps
;}lgs sd{rf/Ln] cfTdxTof u/]sf] s'/f jflx/ cfpF5 . ;]gfnfO{ o;jf/]df ;f]Wbf
af]Ng ldNb}g eG5 . kmnfgf] dfG5]n] kmngf] 7fpFdf cfTdxTof u/]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f
klg eGg g;Sg] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nfstflGqsLs/0f ePs} xf] t < cfTdxTof u/]sf]
elgPsf JolQmsf] zj x]g{ klg lbO{b}g . s;/L cfTdxTof u/]sf] xf] eGg] jf/]df
hfgsf/L lbO{b}g . s;n] cfTdxTof u/]sf] xf] eGg] jf/]df klg hfgsf/L lbO{b}g .
hlt hlt ;"rgf n'sfpg]
k|of; ul/G5 jhf/df Toltg} a9L xNnf rN5 . ;+sf pk;+sfx? p7\5g . w]/}n] w]/} y/L
s'/f sf6\5g . clxn] cfTdxTof u/]sf] elgPsf JolQmnfO{ Jof/]sleq} s'6]/ df/]sf]
xf] eGg] xNnf jhf/df 5 . pgL x/fPsf] xltof/;+u ;DjlGwt ePsf sf/0f cg';Gwfgsf]
qmddf pgnfO{ r/d cdfgjLo oftgf lbOPsfn] pgL cfkm\g} xltof/n] cfkm}nfO{ uf]nL
xfGg jfWo ePsf x'g eGg] klg cfO{/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] hjfkm s] lbG5 g]kfnL ;]gfn]
< / slxn];Dd lbG5 <
lhNnf ;'/Iff ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L x'g] Joj:yf 5 . lhNnfleqsf ;'/Iff lgsfox?df s:tf 36gfx? eP
eGg] jf/]df ;'/Iff ;ldltsf k|d'vnfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L x'Fb}g . xfd|f] k|zf;gsf]
lgl/xtf xf] jf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;fFlRrs} nf]stflGqsLs/0f x'g g;s]sf] xf] . k|Zg
a8f] hl6n 5 .
g]kfnL ;]gf ;fj{hlgs lgsfo xf]
ls xf]O{g < g]kfnL ;]gfn] u/]sf sfdsf/jfxLx?sf] jf/]df hgtfn] ;"rgf
kfpg] clwsf/ /fV5g ls /fVb}gg\ . s]
g]kfnL ;]gf g]kfnL hgtf eGbf dfyLsf] lgsfo xf] < s] g]kfnL ;]gfn] g]kfnL
hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6 tnj eQf vfFb}g / < g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg cg';f/ ;fj{ef}d;Qf
;DkGg g]kfnL hgtf x'g . g]kfnL hgtfn] ;j} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L kfpg' k5{ . o;sf nflu
;j} ;fj{hlgs lgsfox? hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g' h?/L 5 .
g]kfnL ;]gfleq s] eO{/x]sf] 5,
s;/L pQm ;+:yf ;~rfngdf 5 eGg] s'/fsf] vf]hL x'g' h?/L 5 . cfkm} la/lQmP/
cfTdxTof u¥of] jf p;nfO{ cfTdxTof ug{ afWo kfl/of] jf p;sf] xTof eof] eGg]
s'/fsf] vf]hL ug'{ h?/L 5 . PSn} lbks v8\sf dfq} 5}gg\ g]kfnL ;]gfdf y'k}| lbks
v8\sfx? 5g . pgLx?;+u pgLx?sf] kl/jf/ cfl>t 5 . /fi6«sf] /Iff u5'{ eg]/ ;j}
dfkb08 / zt{x? k'/f u/]/ ;]gfdf egf{ ePsf] JolQm cfTdxTof ug]{ txdf k'Ug'sf]
sf/0f s] xf] < o;sf] vf]hL slxn] x'G5 < s;n] u5{ < cfTdxTofg} xf]
eg]klg To;af/]df g]kfnL hgtfn] hfgsf/L kfpg' k5{ ls kb}{g <
yk ;dfrf/
…s'g} klg
;"rgf n'sfpg' kfO{b}gÚ
8f]6L lhNnf cbfntsf
dfggLo Gofoflwz g/gf/fo0f kf}8]nn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] s'g} klg ;"rgf n'sfpg
gkfO{g] jtfPsf 5g .
/fli6«o ;"rgf lbj;sf]
cj;/df lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf af}Nb}
dfglgo Gofoflwz kf}8]nn] ;f] s'/f jtfPsf x'g . …hgtfn] ;"rgf kfpg' kg]{
;+a}wflgs Joj:yf 5Ú pgn] eg] …xfdL ;j}n] gful/ssf] ;"rgf kfpg] xssf] ;Ddfg
tyf ;+/If0f ug'{ k5{ .Ú sfg'gL ?kdf gful/ssf] ;"rgf kfpg] xs x'Fbfx'Fb}
klg ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf /x]sf JolQmx?df O{dfgbfl/tf / kf/bzL{tf gePsf sf/0f ;d:of
ePsf] Gofoflwz kf}8]nn] jtfP . pgn] eg] …kqsf/x?n] tYodf cfwfl/t ;"rgf
n]Vg' k5{, To;sf nflu klg tkfO{x?nfO{ ;xL ;"rgf rflxG5 .Ú pgn] ;xL
;"rgf lnP/ dfq} ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug{ ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ ;'emfj lbP . Gofoflwz
g/gf/fo0f kf}8]nn] ;"rgf glbg] ;fj{hlgs
lgsfo la?4 sfg'gL pkrf/ vf]Hg ;d]t ;j}nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g . pgn] cbfnt;+u
;DjlGwt ;"rgfx? hltj]nf klg lng ;lsg] jtfP .
sfo{qmddf 8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L s]zjk|;fb cfrfo{n] ;"rgfsf] xs ;DjlGw P]g, @)^$ df ePsf Joj:yfx?
k"0f{ ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;j} ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf 5g . pgn]
eg] …olb s'g} ;"rgf clwsf/Ln] ;"rgf lbg c6]/ u/]df d /fli6«o
;"rgf cfof]usf] k|ltlglwsf x}l;otn] To:tf ;"rgf clwsf/LnfO{ sf/jfxLsf
nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5' .Ú P]g cg';f/ k|To]s ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] q}dfl;s ?kdf
cfkm\gf] sfof{no;+u ;DjlGwt ;"rgfx? ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{ ePsfn] ;j}n] ug{
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] lgb]{zg lbP . sfo{qmddf ;~rf/sdL{x?n] vKt8 If]q ko{6g
lasf; ;ldltaf6 k6s–k6s ;"rgf dfUbf ;d]t c6]/ u/]sf] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP .
cGo sfof{nox?n] klg ;"rgf lbg cfgfsfgL u/]sf] ;~rf/–sdL{x?n] u'gf;f] u/]sf
lyP .
…nf]stGqsf] cfwf/,
;"rgfsf] clwsf/Ú eGg] gf/fsf ;fy cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf 8f]6Lsf
;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L z+s/ lai6n] ;"rgfsf] xs ;DjlGw P]gdf ePsf
Joj:yfx? / sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf laifodf sfo{kq k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
g]kfndf ;"rgfsf] xs ;DjlGw
P]g nfu' ePsf] lbgnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ /fli6«o ;"rgf lbj; dgfpg yflnPsf] 5 .
P]g @)^$ ;fn efb| # ut] b]lv nfu' ePsf] lyof] .
z}n]Zj/L dlGb/df
;fd'lxs /Iff aGwg
;'b'/klZrdsf] k|lz4
8f]6L lhNnfdf cal:yt z}n]Zj/L dlGb/df o; aif{ hg} k'0fL{dfsf]
caz/df ;fd'lxs /Iff aGwg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ dgfO{Psf] 5 .
x/]s aif{ hg} k'l0f{df cyf{t
/IffjGwgsf lbg z}n]Zj/L dlGb/ kl/if/df /Iff wfuf] aflwlbg] a|fXd0f b]vLGYo] eg]
bfh' efO{ jf lblb jlxgL gx'g]x?n] lxjnfO{ ;fIfLdfgL /Iff aGwg aflwlbg] k|rng /x]sf]
:yflgox? atfpG5g\ t/ o; jif{ eg] a|Xdf s'df/L O{Zj/Lo ljZj ljBfnosf] cfof]hgfdf
z}n]Zj/L dlGb/df ;fd'lxs /Iff aGwg afWg] sfo{qmd ul/Psf] xf] .
lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx?n]
laxLaf/ hg} k"l0f{df Pj+ /Iff aGwg kj{ dgfOPsf] 5 . dfgj /Iffsf nflu hk,
tk / k"hf u/L /IffaGwg cyf{t\ 5 ;'t] wfuf] / hg} wf/0f ug]{ JolQmx?n] ljz]if
k|sf/n] tof/ kfO{Psf] / j}lbs dGqn] z'4kf/LPsf] /Iffwfuf] / hg} a|fXd0f jf k'/f]lxtx?n] gf8Ldf afFlwlbg]
k|rng /x]sf] 5 .
ClifnfO{ tk{0f ug]{ ePsfn] o;
lbgnfO{ Cliftk{0fL klg eGg] ul/Psf] 5 . hg}sf b'O{ lzvfdWo] Pp6f lzvfdf /xg]
tLg 8f]/fnfO{ a|Xdf, lji0f' / dx]Zj/sf] k|tLssf ?kdf k'lhG5 . csf]{ 8f]/fsf]
tLgj6f lzvfnfO{ eg] sd{, pkf;gf / 1fgsf] lqof]usf ?kdf dflgG5 . of] lbg dGq]sf] hg}
jif{el/sf wfld{s sd{df k|of]u ul/g'sf ;fy} km]g{nfO{ ;d]t pkof]u ul/G5 . z/L/
z'4 u/L b]jtf, ;KtClif /
lkt[nfO{ klg tk{0f ul/g] ePsfn] g} Clif tk{0fL ;d]t eGg] ul/Psf] xf] .
a|Xdf s'df/L O{Zj/Lo ljZj
ljBfno Pj /fh of]u k|lzIf0f s]Gb| /fhk'/ 8f]6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf /Iff aGwg afWg]
sfo{qmd cg';f/ laxLaf/ ljxfg ;f9] ;ft ah]b]lv 8f]6Lsf] k|l;4 wfld{s :yn
z}n]Zj/L dlGb/sf] uLtf k':tsfnosf] tNnf] tnfdf bz{gfyL{x?nfO{ /fvL afwL lbPsf]
O{Zj/L laZjlaBfnosL /fhk'/sL ;~rflnsf lbbL hfgsLn] atfOg .
a|Dxf s'df/Ln] lhNnf sf/fuf/
8f]6Lsf s}bLx?, lhNnf c:ktfnsf lj/fdLx?nfO /fvL afWg'sf ;fy} /fhk'/df /x]sf]
cfˆg} ejgdf klg /flv aflw lbPsf]]] a|Xdf s'df/L O{Zj/Lo ljZj ljBfno Pj /fh of]u
k|lzIf0f s]Gb| /fhk'/ 8f]6LsL k|d'v ;~rflnsf lblb hfgsLn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
To:t} /fhof]u k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
zfvf 88]Nw'/fn] klg ;fd'lxs /IffaGwg sfo{qmd u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf sf/fuf/ zfvf
88]Nw'/f, pkIf]qLo c:ktfn, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no / zz:q k|x/L j]z 88]Nw'/fdf
5'§f5'§} ;fd'lxs /IffaGwg sfo{s|d ul/Psf] a|Xdfs'df/L O{Gb'n] hfgsf/L lbPsL
l5g\ . sf/fuf/ zfvfdf /x]sf %! hgf s}bLjGbL tyf c:ktnfdf /x]sf ;o eGbf a9L
lj/fdLnfO{ sf/fuf/ tyf c:ktfnd} k'u]/ /IffjGwg ul/Psf] xf] . o;}ul/ lhNnf k|x/L
sfof{no / zz:q k|x/L j]zdf k'u]/ g]kfn k|x/Lsf hjfg / zz:q k|x/L hjfgx?nfO{
/IffjGwg ul/Psf] xf] .
lalwjt ?kdf
dgfO{of] ufOhfqf
8f]6L lhNnfsf]
l;nu9L ahf/df ut z'qmaf/ w'dwfdsf ;fy ufOhfqf kj{ laz]if ?kdf dgfOPsf] 5 .
k/Dk/f b]lv g} b]z}e/ tyf g]jf/
hftLsf] a;f]af; ePsf] 7fpdf ;f+:s[lts Pj+ k/Dk/fut kj{ dflgg] ub{5 . o; kj{df
/y ;lxtsf] ljif]z kj{ ufOhfqf dgfpb} cfPsf g]jf/x? atfp5g .
Ps jif{ leq Hofg u'dfPsf cfˆgf
kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] ;Demgfdf k|ltsfTds cleJolQm :j?k dflg;nfO{ ufO{sf] ?kdf jf
ufO{nfO{ g} l;+uf/]/ gu/ kl/qmdf u/fO{G5 . g]jf/ hfltsf l;nu9L 8f]6Lsf cu'jf
tyf h]i7 gful/s 8f]6Lsf cWoIf uf]laGb >]i7n] eg], …xfdLn] of] kj{ k/Dk/fb]lv
g} dgfpb} cfPsf 5f}+ . xfd|f] hfltdf aif{lbg leq Hofg u'dfPsfx?sf] ;Demgfdf
k|ltsfTds cleJolQm :j?k dflg;nfO{ ufO{sf] ?kdf jf ufO{nfO{ g} l;+uf/]/ gu/ kl/qmdf
u/fO{G5 .Ú ufO{sf] k'R5/ ;dft]/ j}t/0fL gbL kf/ ul/g] wfld{s ljZjf;sf cfwf/df
of] kj{ dgfpFb} cfPsf] >]i7sf] wf/0ff 5 .
dNn /fhf k|tfk dNnn] k'qzf]sn]
ljXjn ePsL cfˆgL /fgLnfO{ ;a}n] o:tf] zf]s a]xf]g{'k5{ eGg] b]vfP/ ;fGTjgf lbg
dflg; d/]sf 3/3/af6 ufO{hfqf lgsfNg] Joj:yf ldnfO{ /fhb/af/sf] k|fË0fdf hDdf u/fP/
/fgLnfO{ b]vfPsf lyP .
Toltn] klg dg zfGt x'g g;Sbf
zf]sx/0f ug{ xF;fpg] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgfsf nflu /fhcf1f hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .
Tolt a]nfb]lv g} ufO{hfqfsf] rng z'? ePsf] dflgG5 . lxhf]cfh ;fdflh s ljs[lt,
s'/Llt / k|zf;lgs sdhf]/LnfO{ nlIft u/]/ JoËofTds z}nLdf cfnf]rgf ub}{ xf:oJoË
sfo{qmd ug]{ k|rng klg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . To;}aLr 8f]6Ldf /x]sf g]jf/ ;d'bfon]
o;kfnLsf] ufO{hfqfdf /y ;lxt l;nu9L kl/qmddf u/]sf 5g . of] kj{ x]g{sf nflu
l;nu9Ldf 6f9f 6f9fsf dflg;x? cfpg] u/]sf] g]jf/ ;d'bfosf cWoIf >]i7n] atfP .
cWoog s]Gb|sf] nflu
tflnd z'?
n d]g'sf
9'Ëfgf÷c5fd
efb| ^
;fd'bflos cWoog
s]GbnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ b'O{ lbg] Joj:yfkg ;DalGw tflnd d+un;}gdf ;+rfng ePsf] 5
.
;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gbsf] plrt
Joj:yfkg ug{ pb]Zon] ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L / ;xh– stf{x?sf nflu b'O{ lbg] tflnd
;+rfng ePsf] xf] . cWoog s]Gb| Joa:yfkg tflnddf lhNnfsf ;ft j6f ;fd'bflos cWoog
s]Gb|sf cWoIf, kbflwsf/L / kl/rflnsfx?
u/L #) hgf ;xefuLx?sf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] 5
.
b'O{ lbg;Dd rNg] tflnddf cWoog
s]Gb|sf] Joj:yfkg, ;d'bfo kl/rfng, k|:tfj n]vg, cWoog s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] pb]Zo
nufotsf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/g] ePsf] lhNnf lzIff sfof{no c5fdsf laBfno lg/LIfs
ljZj k|;fb 9sfnn] atfPsf 5g . lhNnfsf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|nfO{ gd'gf agfpg
k|of; ug{] pb]Zosf ;fy lhNnfsf ;ft j6f ;d'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf kbflwsf/L /
kl/rflnsfx?nfO{ Joj:yfkg ;DalGw tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljsf; ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf
jN8{lehg O{G6/g]Zfgn g]kfn c5fdsf
;+of]hs Hjf]tL rfkfufFO{n] atfOg .
Joj:yfkg ;DalGw tflnd lhNnf
lzIff sfof{no c5fdsf] cfof]hgf / ljsf; ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf jN8{lehg O{G6/g]Zfgn
g]kfn c5fdsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .
tflndsf] ;xhLs/0f lhNnf lzIff
sfof{no c5fdsf ljBfno lg/LIfs ljZj k|;fb 9sfn / >f]t JolQm tIfoaxfb'/ zfxn]
u/]sf lyP .
lh0f{ aGb} 8f]6Lsf
P]ltxfl;s …b/jf/Ú
n sdnf
s'Fj/÷l;nu9L
efb| ^
8f]6Lsf] g/f}nL uflj;df /x]sf] k'/ftflTjs
dxTj / ko{6sLo ;efjgf af]s]sf] dNnsfnLg b/af/ plrt ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj{4g x'g
g;s]sf] lg/f}nLsf :yfgLo lrlGtt 5g . lg/f}nLsf xl/nfn e08f/Ln] eg] …xfd|f] o;
If]qsf] 7"nf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] b/jf/s} ;+/If0fsf nflu sf]xL klg dtna
ub}{gg\, xfd|f] Oltxf; kl5 e]6fpg} d'l:sn x'G5 .Ú
l5d]sL ufla;sf hgtfaf6 df;
;+sngu/L u/L b/jf/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] :yfgLox? atfpF5g . s/Lj ;o jif{eGbf klxn]
g}/kfn /fhfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] b/af/ gf3L dNn /fhfsf] zf;g sfn kl5 b/af/ vfnL
epsf] lyof] . ToxL ;dob]lv ;f] 7fpFsf] gfd lg/f}nL /flvPsf] lsDablGt /x]sf]
:yfgLo atfp5g . eUgfz]ifdf kl/0ft x'b} uPsf] pQm b/af/sf] dflyNnf] tnfdf uP/
x]bf{ ;k{ gfu b]vf kg]{ u/]sf] / ToxfF ax'd'No ;Dklt x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg 5 . ;k{sf]
8/n] clxn];Dd klg s;}n] pTvgg ug{ cfF6 gu/]sf] :yfgLosf] egfO 5 .
lg/f}nL
ufpFsf] dflyNnf] 8f8fFdf /x]sf] b/af/sf] ;dod} plrt ;+/If0f x'g ;s]df P]ltxfl;s
tyf ko{6lso ljsf; x'g]5 . ;fy} dNn/fhfx?n] k|of]u ug]{ gf}nf s'jf klg lh0f{
aGb} uPsf 5g . To:t} a5}{gdf /x]sf]
l/;]l8 b/af/af6 /fhf 3f]8fdf r9]/
lg/f}nL b/af/ cfpg] hfg] ;dodf laraf6f]df /x]sf] 3f]8fnfO{ bfgfkfgL lbg] 9'+uf
tyf kmnfdsf tf]x8f klg 6'6km'6 x'g yfn]sf 5g . o:tf k'/ftflTjs dxTj af]s]sf
;+/rgfsf] ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu :yfgLo af;Lx?n] ;a}df cfu|x u/]sf 5g .
8f]6Ldf
o; k6s af3 hfqf ePg
8f]6L lhNnf
;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf x/]s jif{ dgfO{g] af3 hfq o; jif{ dgfO{Psf] 5}g . ko{6sLo
b[li6sf]0f– af6 dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] af3 hfq o; jif{ ;fdfu|L cefasf sf/0f
gdgfO{Psf] :yfgLo o'jfx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
ljleGg hfthfltx?sf] a;f]af;
/x]sf] ;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf g]jf/ ;fd'bfosf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 . g]jf/ hftLnfO{
cfkm}df ax';+:s[lt ePsf] ;d'bfosf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 To;}n] ;f] ;d'bfon] 306f
s0f{ cyf{t uf7] d+unsf] lbgb]lv jif{ e/Lsf] kj{sf] ;'?jftL ePsf] dfGg] ub{5g\ .
306fs0f{ s} lbgb]lv nfv] hfqfsf] ;'?jft x'G5 To; kl5 lxGb'wdf{nDjLx? cf:yfsf]
w/f]x/ tyf ;'b"/klZrdsf] k|l;4 wfld{s P+j ko{6sLo :yn a8Ldflnsfsf] /y ofqf
x'G5 .
gfuk~rdLsf ;fy} /Iff aGwg
hg}k'l0f{df / ;f]sf] ef]nL kN6 ufO{hfqf ug]{ rng ;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf /x]sf] 5 .
ufO{hfqfsf] t];|f] lbg af3 hfqf lgsfNg] rng /x]sf] ePtf klg o; kj{ eg] hfqf
lgsfNg] ;fdfu|Lsf] cefasf sf/0f hfqf glgsflnPsf] :yfgLo pHjn >]i7n] atfPsf
5g\ .
/f0ffsflng ca:yfb]lv g} 8f]6Ldf
ljleGg hfqfx? lgsfNg] rng /x]sf] lyof] . o; eGbf klxn] g} 8f]6Ldf dfgfO{g]
OGb|hfqf / /f]kfO{hfqf lgsfNg aGb e} ;s]sf] :yfgLox? atfp5g\ . o; jif{ af3 hfqf
ePg csf]{ aif{ csf]{ hfqf x'b}g o;/L g} o; If]qsf] ;+:s[lt nf]k x'g ;Sg] eGb}
:yfgLox? lrGtLt b]lvG5g\ .
v]tLkftLsf] ;do ;lsP nut}
dgf]/~hgsf] ?kdf dfq geO{ d'n'sdf eP u/]sf] e|i6frf/, l9nf;':tL, hgtfn] kfPsf]
;f:tL dfly ltvf] k|xf/ u/L hgtfnfO{ / ;/sf/nfO{ ;';'lrt ug]{ hfqfsf] ?kdf af3
hfqfnfO{ lng] ul/G5 . ;f] hfqfdf af3 l;sf/L d]G;g d}of cf;]kf;] nufotsf JolQmx?
l;+uf/L gu/ kl/qmddf u/fpg] / gu/ If]qsf] ljleGg If]qdf ljz]if k|sf/n]
tof/ kfl/Psf] jif{ el/sf]
sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] r'+uL noa4 tl/sfn] afrg ub}{ :yfgLo
;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh hgtfx?nfO{ ;"rgf k|efa ug]{ ul/GYof] t/ o; jif{ ;f]
hfqf lgsflnPsf] 5}g . o;/L ;+:s[lt nf]k x'g' kSs} /fd|f] xf]O{g cfufdL lbgdf
snf ;+:s[ltsf ;+/If0f ug]{ tkm{ ;/f]sf/–afnfx?sf] Wofg hfg h?/L 5 .
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
aiff{bn] hf]/fon
;8s ca?4
aiff{tsf sf/0f
8f]6Lsf] j'8/, hf]/fon hf]8\g] ;8s cj?4 ePsf] 5 .
dlxgf} b]lv ;8s cj?4 x'bfF
:yfgLonfO b}lgs pkef]Uo a:t' vl/b lalqmsf nflu lgs} ;d:of k/]sf] hf]/fonsf
:yfgLo adaxfb'/ ;fpFbn] hfgsf/L lbP .
;fFpbsf cg';f/ hf]/fonsf] 5lQjg
l:yt ljyn vf]nf eGg] 7fpFdf klx/f] hfFbf pQm ;8s cj?4 ePsf] xf] . aGb ePsf] ;8s
v'nfpg :yfgLox? nflu k/] klg ;8sdf ePsf 7"nf 9'ªufsf sf/0f vf]Ng g;lsPsf]
:yfgLox?n] atfPsf 5g .
;8s aGb x'bf :yfgLo ;fu,
t/sf/L, kmnkm"n nufotsf a:t' ahf/ k'ufpg g;Sbf cfkm\gf af/Ldf g} s'lxg
yfn]sf] klg :yfgLox?n] atfPsf 5g .
cf]Ns]df Ps 3fO{t]
8f]6L nufot
;'b"/klZrddf dgfOg] cf]Ns] kj{df lk+ v]Nbf Ps hgf uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf 5g .
;'gfb]jL pdfljdf sIff !) df
cWoog/t n8fu8f @ ;]ltufpFsf nfn g]kfnL uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf x'g . cf]Ns] ;+qmfGtL
cyf{t efb| ! ut]sf lbg a]n'sf kv lk+u v]Ng]a]nfdf n8]/ pgsf] 6fpsf] rf]6
nfu]sf] :yfgLo t]h axfb'/ s8fotn] atfpg' eof] .
3fOt] ePsf g]kfnLsf] lhNnf
c:ktfn 8f]6Ldf pkrf/ x'g g;s] kl5 cfh g]kfnuGh l/km/ u/LPsf] 5 .
v]n ;dfrf/
d}bfgd} /f]P
g]odf/, h;nfO{ …eujfgn] klg k|]d u5{Ú
n v]n va/
-cgnfOgaf6_
cf]nlDkssf]
km'6andf a|flhnnfO{ klxnf] :j0f{ lbnfPkl5 sKtfg g]odf/ d}bfgd} /f]P . df/fsfgf
/+uzfnfdf *& xhf/ bz{ssf cuf8L hd{gLnfO{ k]gfN6Ldf %–$ n] x/fpg] qmddf g]odf/n]
ljhoL uf]n u/]sf lyP .
lgwf{l/t () ldg]6sf] v]ndf g]odf/n]
g} a|flhnnfO{ cu|tf lbnfPsf lyP . pgn] @& cf}+ ldg]6df lk|mlssdf uf]n u/] .
hd{gLsf d]o]/n] a/fa/L uf]n kmsf{P .
lgwf{l/t / ylkPsf] #) ldg]6sf]
v]n !–! sf] a/fa/Ldf ;lsPkl5 lg0f{o 6fOa|s]/af6 lnOPsf] lyof] . h;df hd{gLsf
lgN; lk6/;g r's]sf lyP .
kfFr k6ssf] ljZj ljh]tf
a|flhnn] o;cl3 tLg k6s !(*$, !(** / @)!@ df kmfOgn v]n]klg cf]nlDkssf] km'6andf
:j0f{ lhTg ;s]sf] lyPg . of] k6s p;n] ljZj ljh]tf hd{gLnfO{ x/fPsf] 5, / b'O{
jif{cl3 ljZjsksf] ;]ldkmfOgndf Joxf]/]sf]
&–! sf] nHhf:kb xf/sf] abnf lnPsf] 5 .
a|flhnsf uf]nlsk/ j]e6g{ eG5g,
…:j0f{ xfd|f] eof] . t/, of] eujfg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . h;/L pgL l6dd]6nfO{ k|]d
u5{g, eujfgn] g]odf/nfO{ dg k|]d u5{g\ .Ú g]odf/n] eg] o;nfO{ cfˆgf] hLjgs}
pTs[i6 If0f eg]sf 5g\ .
klxnf] v]ndf
y|L:6f/ Sna lahoL
n v]n va/
-cgnfOgaf6_
PPkm;L sk 5gf}6
Kn]ckmsf nflu d+uf]lnofdf /x]sf] g]kfnL lnu RoflDkog y|L:6f/ Snjn] klxnf] v]ndf
lht xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .
d+uf]lnofsf] lnu RoflDkog Olr{d
km'6an Snj;Fusf] v]ndf y|L:6f/n] pTs[i6 k|bz{g ub}{ @–) uf]nsf] lht cfTd;fy
u/]sf] xf] . 3/]n' 6f]nLnfO{ x/fpFb} y|L:6f/n] PPkm;L sk 5gf}6sf] ;+efjgf
hLljt} agfPsf] 5 .
y|L:6f/n] v]nsf] klxnf] /
bf];|f] xfkmdf ! / ! uf]n u¥of] . !#cf}+ ldg]6df lab]zL :6«fOs/ dfl6{gn]
;'?jftL uf]n u/]sf lyP . To:t} bf];|f] xfkmdf p;n] cu|tf bf]Aa/ agfof] .
&^cf}+ ldg]6df sKtfg laqmd nfdfn] uf]n u/] .
5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfsf] ;d"x
aL df /x]sf] y|L:6f/n] d+unaf/ sDaf]l8ofsf] gfufjN8 Snj;Fu v]Nb}5 . To; v]ndf
y|L:6f/n] hLt xfl;n u/]df ;d"x lah]tf aGb} csf]{ r/0fdf k|a]z kfpg]5 .
rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg
gd|tfsf] x6 cfO6d,
…sf]xL 5Ú eGb} s;nfO{ af]nfpFb} l5g\ <
Do"lhs
lel8of]df w]/} b]lvg] df]8n x'g\ gd|tf ;fksf]6f . rnlrqdf eg] pgsf] ofqf ;'vb
5}g . s]xL ;fdfGo e"ldsfdf g} pgn] lrQ j'emfpg' k/]sf] 5 .
pg} gd|tfnfO{ lgb]{zs lbg]z
>]i7n] cfˆgf] gofF rnlrq …zs'GtnfÚsf] Ps cfO6d uLtdf g[To u/fPsf 5g\ .
lbg]zs} 5fof+sg /x]sf] of] uLtdf dfOsn rGbsf] sf]l/of] u|fkmL 5 .
b'uf{ v/]nsf] cfjfh, ch{'g
kf]v|]nsf] ;+uLt / 8fS6/ s[i0fx/L a/fnsf] of] uLtdf zAb 5 . rnlrqnfO{ dx]Zj/
vqL / >[K;f vqLn] lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g\ .
rnlrqdf gfos /fh]z xdfn
dlxnfsf] cjtf/df b]lvPsf 5g\ . lszf]/ vltj8f, cg' zfx nufotsf snfsf/nfO{ klg
rnlrqdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . ebf} ( ut]af6 of] rnlrq l/lnh x'Fb}5 .
…jL/ ljqmdÚsf]
sG6]G6 kfj/ l;+un / dlN6Kn]S;d} rNof]
n lkmNdL
va/
lalxaf/af6 l/lnhdf
cfPsf] dlN6:6f// rnlrq …jL/ ljqmdÚn] pT;fxhgs ;'?jft u/]sf] 5 . lgdf{tf tyf
lgb]{zs ldng rfD;n] z'qmaf/ / zlgaf/ rnlrqn] u/]sf] Jofkf/ cfqmfds ePsf] bfaL
u/] .
of] rnlrqnfO{ dlN6– Kn]S; /
l;+un b'a} xndf ?rfOPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . sf7df08f}sf] uf]kLs[i0f xnn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L
cg';f/ z'qmaf/ / zlgaf/ uf]kLsf] !! ;o l;6df rnlrq x]g]{ bz{ssf] eL8 nfu]sf]
lyof] .
ljz]iful/, sf7df08f}sf clwsf+z
xndf rnlrqn] kfPsf ;a} zf]df bz{ssf] rfk pRr b]lvPsf] 5 . rnlrqsf d'Vo snfsf/
bofxfª /fO{, cg'k ljqmd zfxL / bLof k'g sf7df08f}sf xn-xndf k'u]sf lyP .
rnlrqsf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ o;sf]
;zQm xltof/ dflgPsf] 5 . l;+un / dlN6Kn]S; b'a} xndf rnlrqsf] syf bz{sn] dg
k/fPsf 5g\ . u|fld0f kl/j]zsf] syfnfO{ cfw'lglss/0fdf 9flnPsfn] klg ldng rfD;
o;k6s …xFl;ofÚ eGbf ;kmn b]lvPsf 5g\ .
rnlrqsf ljt/s uf]ljGb zfxL /
uf]kfn sfo:yn] klg Jofkf/nfO{ lnP/ ;Gt'i6L JoQm u/] .
lalxaf/ rnlrqsf] cf]klgª ;fdfGo
ePklg z'qmaf/ / zlgaf/ cfqmfds b]lvPsf] xn ;+rfnsx?sf] egfO{ 5 .
n]v
b'O{ l5d]sdf ljz]if
b"tsf] cf}lrTo
o'j/fh rf}nfufO{
g]kfnsf b'O{
pkk|wfgdGqLx? ladn]Gb| lglw / s[i0f axfb'/ dx/f k|wfgdGqL k|r08sf] ljz]if
b"tsf ?kdf b'O{ l5d]sL b]zx? rLg / ef/tsf] e|d0f u/]sf 5g\ . b'O{ lbg
la/fP/ klxnf rLg / kl5 ef/taf6 z'? ePsf] gofF ;/sf/sf] s"6gLlts ofqf;Fu}
o;af/] b]zdf ax; klg z'? ePsf] 5 .+
ljkIfL bnx?n] ;/sf/sf] o;
sfo{sf] la/f]w yfn]sf 5g\ . t/, b]zsf] jt{dfg ca:yfdf o; sbdsf] la/f]w ug{
pko'Qm 5 t < o;af/] a:t'lgi7 ljZn]if0f cfjZos 5 .
s"6g}lts l/Qmtf
ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv ljb]zl:yt
lgof]ux? sl/a l/Qm 5g\ . cl3Nnf] ;/sf/n]] /fhb"t l;kmfl/; ;DalGw sfo{ cl3
a9fpg vf]h] klg ;/sf/ kl/jt{g;Fu} pQm sfo{ :jefljs ?kdf :ylut x'g k'u]sf] lyof]
. a? Pdfn] ;dy{s rf/ k|:tfljt
/fhb"tx?n] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;Dd k'u]/ To:tf] l/QmtfnfO{ yk nDAofpg an
ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
kl/0ffd h]–h:tf] cfpnf, t/,
Pdfn] :jo+ tTsfn gofF ;/sf/nfO{ /fhb"tx? lgo'Qm u/L ;xh 9+un]
s"6gLlts sfd ug{ lbg rfxb}g eGg] 5n{Ë eO;s]sf] 5 .
of] l:yltdf d'nsn] l5d]snufot
vfnL /x]sf s"6gLlts lgsfox?df tTsfn /fhb"tx? kfOxfNg] cj:yf 5}g .
t;y{, ;/f]sf/sf b[li6n] ;a}eGbf ;+j]bgzLn :yfgdf cfˆgf al/i7 dGqLx? ljz]if
b"tsf ?kdf k7fP/ k|wfgdGqL k|r08n] ;xL sfo{ cf/De ug{'ePsf] 5 .
lrlgofF /fi6«kltsf] ;Defljt
e|d0f
cfufdL cS6f]a/ dlxgfsf] dWolt/
ef/tsf] uf]jfdf la|S; d'n'sx?sf] cf7f}+ lzv/ a}7s x'Fb}5 . pQm a}7sdf ;xefuL
x'g lrlgofF /fi6«klt ;L lhglk+u uf]jf hfg] sfo{qmd 5 . pQm cj;/df g]kfn /
a+unfb]zsf] e|d0f ug]{ lrlgofF kIfsf] OR5f ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] ljifo xf] .
t/, If]qLo /fhgLlts
;+j]bgzLntfsf sf/0f tL e|d0fx? x'g] jf gx'g ;Sg] s]xL cfwf/x? ljBdfg 5g\ .
klxnf], ef/tLo cj/f]w / bf]>f], :jo+ rLgsf]
;'/Iff ;+j]bgzLntf tyf /fhgLlts rf;f] /fi6«klt ;Lsf] e|d0f afws x'g ;S5
. oxfF rLgsf] ;'/Iff rfF;f] :ki6} a'‰g ;lsg] s'/f xf] eg] /fhgLlts rfF;f]
eGgfn] To:tf] pRrtxsf] e|d0fsf] ;Gbe{df ug{'kg]{ d'2fut tof/Lsf] kIf xf] .
o; jfx]s cfˆgf] /fi6«kltsf]
la/n g]kfn e|d0f P]ltxfl;s xf];\ eGg] lrlgofF rf;f] / ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] a'‰g ;lsG5
. s]xL lbg klxn] Pshgf lrlgofF ly+s 6\of++sn] /fi6«klt ;L lhglk+usf] g]kfn
e|d0f b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwdf sf]z] 9'+uf aGg] atfPsf lyP .
s'/f :ki6} 5, lrlgofF kIf
/fi6«kltsf] e|d0fnfO{ ljz]if agfpg rfxG5 . g]kfnn] cfˆgf] Ps cleGg l5d]sLsf]
To:tf] rfxgfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ cfˆgf] d'n'ssf] Jofks lxt xfl;n ug{ s'g} s;/
afFsL /fVg' x'Fb}g .
k|wfgdGqLsf] ljz]if
b"tsf?kdf pkk|wfgdGqL dx/fn] a]Olh+u k'u]/ g]kfnsf] Tof] rxfgf / k|lta4tf
k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] lrlgofFx?nfO{ g]kfnaf/] Psflt/ cfZj:t agfPsf] 5 eg]
csf{]lt/ cf}krfl/s txdf ljifout tof/L cl3 a9fpg ljz]if e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 .
o;cl3 cfkm}+ ;+nUg ;/sf/n]
lrlgofF kIf;Fu cl3 a9fPsf ;xdlt tyf ;Demf}tfx? sfof{Gjog ub}{ cl3 a9fpg o;n]
7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng] 5 . Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf, /]nj] nfOg la:tf/, yk gfsf
vf]Ng] tTk/tf nufot cfly{s ljsf;sf] If]qdf /fi6«kltsf] e|d0fn] lg0ff{os sfd
ug]{ 5, h'g g]kfnsf] bL3{sfnLg lxtdf 5 .
kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt
elgG5 ldq km]g{ ;lsG5, l5d]sL
km]g{ ;lsGg . xfd|f l5d]sLx? h:tf 5g\ To:t} ?kdf xfdLn] pgLx?nfO{ em]Ng' kb{5 .
kl5Nnf] ;do ef/t / g]kfnsf] ;DaGwdf 7"n} ;d:ofx? cfP . g]kfn h:tf] ;fgf], sdhf]/
/ e"sDkaf6 IftlaIft b]znfO{ ef/t h:tf] zlQmzfnL d'n'sn] nfdf] / s7f]/
gfsfaGbL nufof] . o;n] ef/tsf] g]kfndf 7"nf] lj/f]w t eof] g}, t/ Tof]
eGbf 7"nf] s'/f ef/t ;/sf/k|lt l;+uf] g]kfn / OdfGbf/ g]kfnLx?sf] lrQ
b'Vof] .
cfˆgf] pbo;Fu} k/Dk/fut 7'NbfO
dfgl;stfaf6 ef/tdfly p7]sf] Pp6f zlQmzfnL ;Gb]z ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL df]bLn]
k6s–k6ssf] g]kfn ofqfsf] qmddf lbPsf lyP . t/, pgsf] Tof] 5lj gfsfaGbL h:tf]
cGofok"0f{ / s7f]/ sbdn] If0fe/d} w'hf–w'hf eof] .
g]kfnn] gfsfaGbLsf] k|lt/f]w
u¥of] / tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] Pp6f /fli6«o 5lj oxL sf/0fn] aGof] . Tof]
/fd|f] sfd lyof] ls cf]nL ef/t;fd' em's]gg\ . t/, gfsfaGbL Pp6f 36gfnfO{ dfq
cfwf/ agfP/, Tof] klg gfsfaGbL :jo+ ef/tn] g} lkmtf{ ul/;s]sf] ;Gbe{df klg gofF
cWofosf] z'?jft ug{ grfx]/ cf]nLn] uNtL ul//x]sf lyP .
gofF ;/sf/n] Tof] uNtL ;'wfg{
rfx]sf] 5 . pkk|wfgdGqL lglwsf] ef/t e|d0f oxL p2]Zodf cfwfl/t 5 .
l5d]sLx?sf] ;DaGw ;+;f/e/
Ps}gf;sf] 5}g . ltQmtf sd ug{ k|foM b]zx?n] kxn u/]sf pbfx/0fx? 5g\ . ;+o'Qm /fHo
cd]l/sf / So'jfsf] ;DaGwnfO{ x]/f}+ . pgLx? %) jif{sf] ;+jfbxLgtfnfO{ tf]8\b}
cl3Nnf] jif{dfq} k'gM cf}krfl/s bf}To ;DaGwdf kmls{P . ef/t / kfls:tfgsf] ;DaGw
gfh's df]8df klg ;+jfbsf] txdf, cfbfg–k|bfg / ljZjf; lgdf{0fsf] txdf /xG5 .
g]kfn / ef/tjLrsf] ;DaGw lgZro
g} ptf/–r9fjk"0f{ /Xof] . t/, cljZjf;sf] o; txdf slxNo} k'u]g . ;d:ofx?
b]lvFbf o;k6s ;dfwfgsf nflu ulDe/ k|oTgx? ePgg\ . ljifodf cf}krfl/s ?kn] uxg
ax; klg gp7\g], lr;f] klg eO/xg] vfnsf] ;d:of kl5Nnf] k6s b]lvPsf] lyof] .
g]kfn / ef/taLrsf] ;DaGw nfdf]
;do d'2fxLg lr;f]kgf af]s]/ /xg' sbflk g]kfnsf] lxtdf lyPg / 5}g . xf], g]kfnn]
ef/tsf] k|e'TjjfbL jf la:tf/jfbL gLltsf] la/f]w ub}{ hfg' kb{5, t/ ;fy;fy}
/fli6«o lxtdf l5d]sLsf] gftfn] pm;Fu ;+jfb ;xsfo{ klg ub}{ hfg'kb{5 .
xfdLn] ;'ljrfl/t ?kdf ef/tLo
k|e'Tjaf6 d'lQm klg vf]Hg' kb{5 . t/, ef/t;Fu ;Djfb / ;xsfo{ klg ;Fu;Fu} cl3
a9fpg' kb{5 . xfdL h:tf] ev{/ ljsf;sf] kydf nDsg, ev{/ gofF /fhgLlts uf]/]6f]
klxNofpg / To;df cl8g rfx]sf] d'n'sn] cfˆgf l5d]sLx?nfO{ ;Gt'ngdf /fVg ;Sg'kb{5
. c;Gt'lnt jf Psfkl§af6 gb]lvg], ge]l6g] l5d]s gLlt xfd|f] xsdf laNs'n pko'Qm
x'g ;Sb}g . gofF ;/sf/n] ljz]if b"tx? dfkm{t cfkm" ;Gt'lnt l5d]s gLlt
/ k|ultzLn /fi6«jfbdf b[9 /x]sf] ;Gb]z ef/t / rLg b'j}nfO{ lbPsf] 5 . of] sbdn]
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o lxtsf] Jofks kIfkf]if0f u/]sf] 5 .
k|r08 g]t[Tjsf] gofF ;/sf/n]
zflGt k|s[ofsf] afFsL sfd k"/f ug]{, ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ / ;Dj[l4sf]
dfu{df a9\g] Ps /]vLo ;+sNk u/]sf] 5 . of] /]vf k"/f ug{ sxLF g sxLF
l5d]sLx?sf] ;fy ;xof]u geOsg x'Fb}g . To;sf nflu k|wfgdGqL k|r08n] rLg /
ef/tsf] tTsfn e|d0f ug]{ ;Defjgf klg 5 .
ljz]if b"tx?dfkm{t
k|wfgdGqL k|r08n] /fli6«o :jfy{ l;4 ug]{ cfˆgf] p2]Zo k"lt{sf]] dfu{nfO{
Jofks lj:tf/ ug{' ePsf] 5 . j[xb / ;'b[9 /fli6«o Pstf tyf To;sf] andf ;Gt'lnt
l5d]s ;DaGw k|r08 ;/sf/sf] cfwf/e"t
l5d]s gLlt xf] .
x/]s b]zeQm / :jfledfgL
g]kfnLn] /fli6«o :jfy{ k"/f ug]{ of] sbdnfO{ ;+zo xf]Og, ljZjf; /
P]Soj4tfsf] b[li6n] x]g{' kb{5 .
cgnfO{g vj/af6
df]km;n kqsfl/tf
d}n] cfTd;Ddfg /
hglaZjf; sdfPsf] 5'
o1/fh hf]zL -sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs_
;'b"/ 8]nL ;fKtflxs, s}nfnL
tkfO+{sf] k'/f
kl/ro kfpF g <
— d]/f] gfd o1/fh hf]zL xf] .
g]kfn k|]; o'lgPg s}nfnL lhNnf sfo{;ldlt ;b:o klg 5' . d clxn] ;'b"/ 8]nL
;fKtflxsdf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs eP/ sfd ul//x]sf]
5' . hGd ynf] 8f]6L xf], xfn d]/f] a;fO{ af}lgofF–^, af}lgofFdf /x]sf] 5
eg] laut cf7 aif{ b]lv cWoog tyf sfdsf] lznl;nfdf wgu9Ldf a:b} cfPsf] 5' .
tkfO{n] lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf
/f]Hg' eof] <
— d]/f] ;fg}b]lv ;flxTo tkm{
lgs} g} ?lr lyof] . Ps k6ssf] 36gf xf] . d 8f]6Ls} tTsflng sfgfrf}/ lgdfladf
kfFr sIffdf cWoog uy]{ . ufpFsf w]/} dfG5] sdfpg k|fo ef/t hfg] uy]{ . Tolta]nf
clxn] h:tf] kmf]gsf] ;'lawf lyPg . lrÝL k7fpg] rng lyof] . Pshgf ufpFs} cfdfn]
…afa' ltd|f] sfsfnfO{ kq k7fpg' kg]{ xf], lrÝL n]lvb]p tÚ eGg' ef] . d}n] x'G5
eg] / kq sf]g{ yfn] pxfFn] kqsf] cGTodf Pp6f 8]p8f uLt n]Vg eGg' ePsf] lyof] .
Tof] uLt clxn] klg d]/f] dg;k6ndf 3'ld/xG5 . pxfFn] of] uLt n]Vbf cfFvfaf6
cfz'g} emfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ Toltv]/ t yfxfePg pxfFn] lsg cfFz' emfg'{ef
xf] eGg] . kl5 a'em\bf Tof] cfFz'n] aiff}{ b]lv >Ldfg\;+u la5f]l8g'sf] lk8f
af]n]sf] lyof] . kl5 pd]/ a9\b} ubf{ ;flxTo lt/ em'sfa a9\of] / kqsfl/tf tkm{
klg snd / sbd rfNg' k5{ eGg] ;f]r ef] . lo o:tf lk8f ca s;}n] ef]Ug' gk/f]; .
sndsf] dfWodaf6 ;/f]sf/jfnfO{ va/bf/L ug{ ;lsof]; / b]zd} sfd ug]{ aftfa0f{sf]
;[hgf xf];\, eGg] Woon] g} kqsfl/tfdf nfluof] .
slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf]
<
— d laut ;ft aif{b]lv kqsfl/tf
k]zfdf cfa4 5' .
s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{
?rfpg' x'G5 <
— d ;fdflhs, cfly{s /
dfgaclwsf/ la6sf] kqsl/tfdf snd rnfpg ?rfpg] dfG5] x'F . d ;dfh clwsf/ ;DdkGg
x'g'k5{ / cfly{s ?kdf ;an x'g' k5{ eGg] dfGotf /fVg] dfG5] x'F .
kqsfl/tfdf t w]/} ;d:ofx? 5g\,
eG5g\ lg, s:tf vfnsf ;d:ofx? kfpg' eof] <
— tkfO{n] w]/} dxTjk"0f{
k|Zg ;f]Wg' eof] . af:tad} kqsfl/tfdf y'k|} ;d:of 5g\ . vf]hd'ns
hf]lvdk"0f{ ;dfrf/ n]Vbf kqsf/sf] Hofgg} hf]lvdf kg]{ ;a} eGbf 7'nf] vt/f
5 . kqsf/n] yf]/} kfl/>ldsdf sfd ug'{, To;} dfly emg ;dodf tna gkfpg',
;/sf/n] sfg'g agfP klg sfof{Gjog gx'g' nufotsf y'k|} ;d:of 5g\ .
df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf t
of] eGbf klg a9L ;d:ofx? 5g\, eGg] ul/G5 lg Û
— df]km;nsf] kqsfl/tf t emg}
ufx|f] x'g] g} eof] . tnb]lv dfyL ;Ddsf kqsf/sf] xfnt nueu p:t}p:t} xf] . s]xL
;~rf/ dfWoddf eg] /fd|f] gePsf] klg xf]O{g . x}g eg] ;a}sf] xfnt p:t} xf] .
sndlhjL eP/ hLjg lgjf{x u5'{ eGg' eg]sf] clxn] t kmnfdsf] lrp/f rkfpF5' eg]
h:t} ePsf] 5 .
df]km;n} ePklg s}nfnL lhNnfnfO{
t kqsf/x?sf] nflu pj{/s e"ldsf ?kdf dflgG5 lg, s:tf] kfpg' eof] <
— kqsf/sf] ;+Vof a9\g' / ldl8of
xfp; a9\g'nfO{ pa{/ e"ld d dfGb}g . u'0f:t/ a9\g' / kqsf/x? kqsfl/tfaf6
cfTdlge{/ x'g ;Sg'nfO{ d pj{/ 7fG5' . h'g s}nfnLdf klg 5}g . s}nfnLdf y'k|}
ldl8ofx? 5g\ t/ ldl8ofsdL{sf lk8f eg] p:t} 5g\ . To;}n] pj{/ e"ld agfpg]
xf] eg] xfdLn] d}n] eg]sf] s'/fdf Wofg lbg' k5{ .
df]km;n kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of
;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ <
— xfdL ;/sf/nfO{ dfq bf]if
lbG5f}+ . ;/sf/n] of] u/]g, Tof] u/]g . of] ug'{ k5{, Tof] ug'{ k5{ eGb}df dfq
;do vlr{G5f}+ . xfdL s] ub}{ 5f}+, slxn] ;f]Rb}gf}+ . ;~rf/pBdL sf] 5g\ . tkfO{
cfkm} eGg'; . clwsfz+ ;~rf/sdL{ g} ;~rf/pBdL 5g\ gL . x}g / < h:tf]
pbfx/0fsf nfuL Pshgf uf]/vfkqdf sfd ug]{ kqsf/n] s'g} nf]sn klqsfdf nufgL
u/]sf] 5 . p;n] ;w} uf]/vfkqn] cfˆgf] tna a9fO{b]j; eGg] ;f]R5 t/ d}n] d]/f]
;~rf/dfWoddf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] tna a9fpg' k5{ ;f]Rb}g . ;d:of oxfF 5 .
;/sf/n] lgod agfof] t/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog ePg eg] s] sfd . hf] cfkm} ;~rf/sdL{ /
;~rf/pBdL 5g\ . To;kl5 ;/sf/n] /fli6«o la1fkg df]km;nsf klqsfnfO{ klg pkAw
u/fpg] aftfj/0f ;[hgf ug'{ k5{ .
df]km;nsf kqsf/sf] gª, cfFvf b]lv hLjg ladf ug]{ ;Ddsf] Aoj:yf ug'{ k5{ .
sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf u/fpg tkm{ sbd rfNg' k5{ . lo o:tf s'/fdf Wofg lbP df]km;nsf]
kqsfl/tfdf s]xL ;xh x'g ;S5 .
df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf
;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] slQsf] e'ldsf v]n]sf] kfpg' ePsf] 5
<
— h'g lsl;dsf] e"ldsf
lgefpg' kg]{ xf] Tof] lsl;dsf] e"ldsf lgefpg g;s]sf] s'/f t 3fd h:t} 5n{Ë 5 gL .
tkfO{ cfkm} klg k|]; o'lgog
s}nfnLsf] ;b:o x'g'x'G5, ;~rf/sdL{x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx?n] df]km;n kqsf/sf ;d:of
;dfwfgsf nflu s:tf] e'ldsf v]n]sf] kfpg'x'G5 <
— lo a}rfl/s ;+u7gx? kqsf/sf]
lxtsf nflu geO{ cf–cfˆgf] kf6L{sf] lxtsf nflu af]Ng] u5{g . ha;Dd ;a} a}rfl/s
;+u7g Ps 7fpFdf pleP/ kqsf/ / kqsfl/tfsf] xs lxtsf nflu cfjfh p7fpb}gg\ ta;Dd
df]km;nsf] kqsfl/tf ;an x'g} ;Sb}g . x'g t d klg Pp6f ;d"xdf cfa4 5' .
d}n] o:tf] eGg gx'g] xf] t/ klg k|i6 s'/f eGg} kg]{ nfu]/ eg]sf] x'F .
tkfOsf] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf]
<
— /fHosf] rf}yf] c+usf ?kdf
/x]sf] kqsfl/tf cfjfh lalxgx?sf] cfjfh xf] . o;n] ;dfhdf n's]/ /x]sf
Aolyltx?nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg] sfd u5{ . kqsfl/tfn] hgtfnfO{ ;'–;"lrt ug]{ sfd
u5{ . ;dfhdf e|i6frf/, s'l/tL df}nfpg lbb}g .
s}nfnLdf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf]
hLjg:t/ t lgs} dfyL b]lvG5, slt sdfpg' eof] of] k]zfjf6 <
— d O{dfGbfl/tfk"j{s sfd
ug]{ dfG5] xF' . tkfO{n] t]:of{pg vf]Hg' eP h:tf] d}n] kqsfl/tfdf nfu]/ s}n]
a]dfgL u/]g . d lkt kqsfl/tf ug{ dg klg k/fpFb}g . of] eg]sf] o:tf] k]zf xf]
h'g sdfpgnfO{ xf]Og, ;dfhdf s]xL lbgnfO{ ul/G5 h:tf] nfU5 . o:tf] klaq k]zfdf
nfu]/ d}n] cf ;Dd s]xL klg sdfPsf] 5}g . dnfO{ ;dfrf/ n]v/ afu]{lgË u/]/ k};f
sdfpg' klg 5}g . xf] d}n] kqsfl/tfdf nfu]/ Ps s'/f rflxF kSs} sdfPsf] 5' Tof]
eg]sf] cfTd;Ddfg / cfTd ;Gt'li6 xf] .
g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tf If]q
lbgk|ltlbg ab\gfldt x'Fb} 5, kf7s ju{n] ;dfrf/sf] laZjf;gLotfk|lt k|Zg p7fpg
yfn]sf 5g, ;~rf/sdL{x? klg u}/ sfg'gL lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg ePsf 5g, kqsfl/tfleq
u}/ kqsf/x?sf] af]nafnf a9L 5 eGg] cf/f]k nfUg yfn]sf] 5, s}nfnLsf] cj:yf s:tf]
5 <
— o;df d w]/} eGg rfxfGg . xfjf
grn]/ kfn xlNnb}g . Tolts} s;}n] s;}dfly cf}nf p7fpFb}g . ;~rf/dfWoddf sfd ug]{
dfG5] u}/sfg'lg lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g} kfpFb}g . o;sf nflu s8f sfg'g aGg' k5{ .
s}nfnLsf] cj:yfsf] s'/f ubf{ d}n] To;f] u/]sf] klg 5}g . To;}n] klg dnfO{ Tof]
laifodf yfxf 5}g . c? kqsf/ ;fyLx? klg unt wGbfdf ;+nUg 5}gg\ xf]nf eGg] nfU5 .
cGTodf eGg} kg]{ s'g} s'/f 5'6]
h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 ls <
— kqsfl/tf u/]/ dfG5] cfTdlge{/
x'g] lbg cfj; . ;/sf/n] kqsfl/tfnfO{ cem} s;/L Aojl:yt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] tkm{ Wofg
b]j; eGg rfxG5' / kqsfl/tfnfO{ s;}n] klg unt 9+uaf6 k|of]u ug'{ xF'b}g eGg rfxG5'
.
;do / larf/sf nflu wGoafb .
— @)^) ;fnb]lv 8f]6Laf6 k|sflzt
eO{/x]sf] laDa ;fKtflxs cfjfh lalxgx?sf] cfjfh ag]/ plePsf] 5 . o; klqsfdf
dnfO{ cfkm\gf larf/ /fVg] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf]df tkfO{k|lt klg cfef/ AoQm ug{
rfxG5' . ;fy} o; klqsfsf] lg/Gt/tf / ;kmntfsf] klg z'esfdgf AoQm ug{
rfxG5' .
nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] tof/Lsf nflu
pkof]uL
a:t'ut k|Zgx?
!= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg
@)&@ sf] s'g wf/fdf …;+ljwfg;ef cbfntÚ sf] u7g ug{ ;lsg] s'/f pNn]v 5 < —
wf/f !!*
@= g]kfndf sfg'gL ?kdf 5'jf5't
/ hftLo lje]bsf] cGTo slxn]sf] d'n'sL P]gn] u/]sf] xf] <
— @)@) sf] gofF d'n'sL P]g
#= t]x|f}F of]hgf
-@)&)÷&!/–@)&@÷&#_ n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ck]lIft cf};t cfo' slt
aif{ k'¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 < — &!
aif{
$= ;d|f6 czf]s s:sf] kfnfdf
g]kfn cfPsf lyP < — :y'+sf]
%= k"j{sf] df]lt eg]/ s'g
b]znfO{ lrlgG5 < — >Ln+sf
^= ljZj hg;+Vof lbj; slxn]
dgfO{G5 < — h'nfO{ !!
&= dfj{nsf] nflu g]kfnsf]
k|l;4 7fpF s'g xf] < — uf]bfj/L
*= km]jf tfnaf6 lg:sg] vf]nf
kflb{ vf]nf xf] eg] /f/f bxaf6 lg:sg] vf]nf s'g xf] < — vTof8
(= la=;+= @)^* sf] hgu0fgf
cg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'n hg;+Vof slt /x]sf] 5 <
— @,^$,($,%)$ hgf
!)= lghfdlt ;]jf lgodfjnL slxn]
hf/L ePsf] xf] < — @)%)÷)#÷@*
!!= vKt8 /fli6«o lgs'~h sxfF
kb{5 < — aemfª, afh'/f, 8f]6L /
c5fd
!@= k[YjL lbj; slxn] dgfO{G5
< – ck|]n
@@
!#= ;Gb's ?Otsf] hGd s'g
lhNnfdf ePsf] lyof] < — tfKn]h'ª
!$= k[YjLdf %) Kg prfNg ;Sg]n] rG›dfdf slt s]lh prfNg ;S5
< — #)) s]hL
!%= k[YjL s'g lbzfaf6 stflt/
3'D5 < — klZrdaf6 k"j{lt/
!^= cf6fsfdf d?e'dL sxfF cjl:yt
5 < — lrnL
!&= lgDgdWo]df s;nfO b}j
tTj -God Particle_ elgG5 < — Higgs
Boson -lbO{Psf dWo]_
!*= …d'nfÚ sf] nflu k|l;4 7fpF
s'g xf] < — lrtnfª
!(= 57 kj{df s'g b]jtfsf]
k"hf ul/G5 < — ;"o{
@)= pkTosfsf] Ps dfq v'Nnf
lbzfd'Qm 3f]if0ff ePsf] lhNnf s'g xf] <
— eQmk'/
@!= g]kfndf klxnf] kj{tLo
v]ns'b dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf slxn] ul/Psf] lyof] <
– lj=;+ @)^( kmfu'g !* b]lv
r}q !* ;Dd
@@= ufos kmQ]dfg /fh e08f/Lsf]
lgwg slxn] ePsf] lyof] < — lj=;+
@)&) ebf} @% ut]
@#= Ps ufpF Ps pTkfbg
sfo{qmdsf] z'?jft s'g b]zaf6 ePsf] xf] <
– hfkfg
@$= ef/tsf ;d|f6 czf]sn] n8]sf]
Psdfq o'4 s'g xf] < — slnªsf] o'4
@%= Oltxf;sf] aQL eg]/ s'g
b]znfO{ lrlgG5 < — lu|;
@^= g]kfnsf /fli6«o lje"lt
cd/l;+x yfkfsf] d[To' s'g 7fpFdf ePsf] lyof] < – uf];fO{s'08
@&= ljZj aGohGt' sf]ifn]
g]kfnsf s;nfO{ af3 ;+/If0f ;b\efjgf b"t 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 <
– /fh]z xdfn
@*= ;/sf/L sfof{nodf !@ 306]
;]jf slxn]af6 ;~rfng ug{ z'? ul/Psf] xf] <
– lj=;+ @)&! k'; ! ut]
@(= g]kfn / lrg aLrsf] /;'jfu9L
gfsf slxn]af6 ;~rfng ul/Psf] xf] <
– lj=;+ @)&! d+l;/ !% ut]
#)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt @)&!
d+l;/ !^ ut] ^! yk gu/kflnsf yk];+u} gu/kflnsfsf] s'n ;+Vof !(! k'u]sf] 5 eg]
s'n uflj; ;+Vof 36]/ sltdf em/]sf] 5 <
– #@&^
#!= g]kfnsf] df}l›s lglt s;n]
lgwf{/0f u5{ < — g]kfn /fi6« a}+s
#@= ck]lIft j[l4b/ / ;fdfGo
j[l4b/ egL b'O{ k|sf/sf] nIo to ePsf] cfalws of]hgf s'g xf] <
— b;f}+
##= /fHo s]G›Lt cjwf/0ffaf6
lglh If]q s]G›Lt cjwf/0fftkm{ ePsf] k|yd of]hgf s'g xf] <
— cf7f}+
#$= …lzIff efjL hLjgsf] tof/L
dfq xf]Og of] t hLjg ofkgsf] k|s[of xf] .Ú of] egfO s;sf] xf] <
— hf]g l8j]
#%= g]kfnL efiff l;sfpg]
k|of]hgsf nflu k|sflzt ul/Psf] klxnf] k':ts s'g xf] <
— cIf/f+s lzIff
#^= tnsf kf7\oqmdsf cËx?sf] 7Ls
qmd s'g xf] <
— laifoj:t', p2]Zo, lzIf0f
ljlw / d'NofÍg
#&= tnsf dWo s'g afhfnfO
…gu/fÚ klg elgG5 < — bdfxf
#*= :ju{df :yfg ;'/lIft
ug{sfnfuL dg{'eGbf cufl8 ul/g] bfgk'hfnfO s] elgG5 < — j}t/gL
#(= tnsfdWo s'g nIo 8sf/ d~rn]
3f]if0ff u/]sf] nIo leq ;dfa]z 5}g <
— dflqefiffsf] dfWodaf6
cfwf/e't tyf lzIffdf ;'wf/ -lbO{Psf dWo]_
$)= kf]v/f lj:jlaBfnosf] :yfkgf
slxn] ePsf] xf] < — @)%$
;flxTo÷;[hgf
u'?b]j, d tkfO{nfO{
gd:sf/ ulb{gF
tkfO{+ rfxg'x'G5 tkfO{+nfO{
af6f]df e]6\bf
d tkfO{+sf] v'§f 5f]pmF of
s'k|fP/ k"/f 9f8
tkfO{+nfO{ gd:sf/ ub}{
gtdits ag"F
t/ tkfO{+;fd' d]/f xft hf]l/g}
dfGb}gGf\
tkfO{+n] eGg'ePsf] lyof] s'g}
lbg
…u'? b]jf] ejMÚ
xf], d klg z'¿z'¿df tkfO{+nfO{
b]ptf g} dfGy]+ Û
t/ d]/f] b]ptf ;w}+ ;w}+
;fFemdf
km"ndtLsf] e§Ldf sf]bf]sf]
/; lkP/
/ft–/ftel/ cZnLn uLt ufpg
yfNof]
kf6L{sf] sfo{qmddf x/]s k6s
lhGbfjfb / d"bf{jfbsf gf/f
3GsfpFb}
cufl8 cufl8 pk|mg yfNof]
xfdLn] k9\g] lstfasf] s'g} dtna
5}g
:s"ndf kf6L{sf] d'vkq /
krf{rflx+
;dod} cfOk'Ug yfNof]
d]/f] b]ptf
slxn] sIffdf ;'Tg yfNof]
slxn] cfˆgf] lkl/o8 g} lal;{g
yfNof]
clnslt l/; p7\of] eg]
cfGbf]ngsf] k'ln;em}F xftdf nÝL
lnP/
sIffsf] leq–aflx/ ub}{ na{/fpg
yfNof]
d}n] dfGg'kg]{ d]/f] :jfdL
d]/f] Vjfldt, d]/f] u'?b]j,
slxn] r'/f]6 vfg yfNof]
ef]sf] e]8fn] 3fF; rkfPem}F
;'tL{ rkfpFb}
sIffdf cfpg yfNof]
sIffdf pQ/ gl;sfP/
hfFrdf k|Zgkq a]Rg yfNof]
d}n] lh1f;fn] kf7 aflx/sf k|Zg
;f]w]+ eg]
cfuf]sf] lkmlnËf h:tf cfFvfn]
dnfO{ 3'g{ yfNof]
olt w]/} 36gf ePkl5 d}n] d]/f]
b]ptf
cyf{t\ d]/f] u'?nfO{ gd:sf/ ug{
5f]l8lbPF .
clg u'?n] 3f]if0ff ug{'eof] –
u'?nfO{ g6]g]{ d hËnL x'F,
:jfF7 / x/fdL x'F
u'?sf cufl8 lz/ gem'sfpg] d
cg'zf;gxLg g} x'F .
ca d o;kflnb]lv
k/LIffsf] pQ/k'l:tsfdf n]Vg]
5}g s'g} pQ/
s]jn n]Vg] 5' k|Zg}k|Zg
h:tf] ls,
tkfO{+ dnfO{ /fdh:tf] aGg'k5{
eGg'x'G5 k6s–k6s
tkfO{+rflx+ ljZjfldq h:tf]
aGg'k5{ ls kb}{g <
xl/x/ ltldnl;gf
g]kfn k|x/L pRr dfla sfe|]knfGrf]s
-lzIfs dfl;saf6_
uhn
ltdLn] hfgLg, d}n] dflgg
plxn] eg]sf] s'/f,
d}n] ;'g]sf] s'/f,
PSn} PSn} 3'Dg], / /Dg]x?
/d], ef+u wt'/f]sf] s'/f
ltdLn] hfgLg d}n] dflgg
plxn] eg]sf] s'/f
d}n] ;'g]sf] s'/f
cs]nf
;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg
dfnkf]n sfof{no 8f]6Laf6 hf/L ul/Psf]sbfjL ;DjGwL
#% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
ldlt M @)&#.)%.)^
lhNnf
8f]8L dfGgsfk8L uf=lj=;= j8f g+= $ l:yt ls=g+= ##), ##&, ##*, #$@, #%$,
#%^, #^), #&%, #(@, #(%, $!!, %!& P]= j8f g+= % l:yt ls=g+= #%#, #($ P]
j8f g+= ^ $*@, %)% / %!^ sf] k'/} 3/hUufx? rqm jxfb'/ dGgLsf] gfpFdf gfkgS;f
eO{ hUufwlg k|df0f k'hf{ sfod ePsf]df hUufwlg rqm jxfb'/ df}gLsf] g]kfnL
gful/stfsf] k|df0f kqdf gfd rqm jxfb'/ df}gL afa' lj/ jxfb'/ :yfoL 7]ufgf
af}gLof uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ( s}nfnL ePsf] / dfGgfsfkl8 uf=lj=;= l:yt pNn]lvt
ls=g+=sf] hUuf wgLx?sf] hUuf wgL btf{ k|df0f k'hf{df gfd rqm jxfb'/ dGgL afa'
lj/efg afh] sfn' :yfoL 7]ufgf dfGgfsfkl8 uf=lj=;= j8f g+= $ x'g uO{ gfd y/
afa'sf] gfd / 7]ufgf km/s kg{ uPsf] ePtf klg lt b'a} gfd y/ 7]ufgf ePsf JolQm
km/s km/s JolQm geO{ Pp6} JolQm af}gLof uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ( a:g] lj/efg eGg]
lj/jxfb'/sf] 5f]/f rqm jxfb'/ df}gL ePsf]n] g]=gf=k|=k adf]lhd gfd y/ afa'sf]
gfd / 7]ufgf ;+;f]wg ul/ kfp egL dfGgfsfk8L uf=lj=;= :yLt hUuf wgL btf{ k|df0f
k'hf{ dfnkf]t a'emfPsf] /l;b dfGgfsfk8L uf=lj=;=sf] sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] r=g+= ^
ldlt @)&#.)$.@& ut]sf] ls6fgL l;kmfl/; kq g]kfn gful/stfsf] k|df0f kq
cflb k|df0fx? ;fy} /fvL ldlt @)&#.)%.)^ ut]df o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg bfjL ug'{
ePsf]n] xsbfjL ;DjGwL of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . pQm hUuf ;DjGwdf s'g}
s;}sf] xsbfjL k'Ug] eP jf lga]bgsf] dfubfjL adf]lhd gfd y/ / 7]ufgf ;+;f]wg ug{
gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP of] ;"rgf k|sflxt ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s #%
lbg leq cfkm' ;Fu ePsf ;Ssn k|df0f ;fy sfof{nodf ph'/ bfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf
cGoyf Dofb leq s'g} s;}sf] ph'/L bfjL gk/] lgodfg';f/ e} hfg] Joxf]/f o;}
;"rgf4f/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
