बिम्ब नेपाली साप्ताहिक, मिति २०७३ साल कार्तिक २३ गते मंगलवार ।

s'g} klg JolQmn] hft, hflt / cGt/hftLo ljjfxsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ alxisf/ ug]{, 3/leq k|j]z ug{ glbg], ufpF lgsfnf ug]{, To:tfaf6 hlGdPsf ;Gtfgsf] Gjf/fg gug]{ h:tf e]befjk"0f{ sfo{ ug{', u/fpg' x'Fb}g . To:tf] sfo{ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't s;'/ / ;hfo P]g, @)^* adf]lhd tLg dlxgf b]lv tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf Ps xhf/ b]lv kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 

g]kfn ;/sf/

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

d'Vo ;dfrf/

8f]6Ldf ( :yfgLo lgsfo l;kmfl/;

Ps gu/kflnsf ylkof], ;ft ufpFkflnsf x'g]

:yfgLo lgsfosf] k'g;+{–/rgf ug]{ qmddf 8f]6Ldf ( :yfgLo lgsfo x'g] ePsf 5g .

ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf tyf laz]if, ;+/lIft jf :jfoQ If]qsf] l;df / ;+Vof lgwf{/0f cfof]un] :yfgLo lgsfosf] k'g;+{/rgfsf nflu tof/ u/]sf] kl/df{lht sfo{lalw tyf sfo{zt{ cg';f/ 8f]6L lhNnfsf] :yfgLo tx k'g;+{/rgf k|flalws ;xof]u ;ldltn] ( :yfgLo lgsfo x'g] u/L l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltn] zlgjf/ lhNnf ;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ 8f]6Ldf b'O{ gu/kflnsf / ;ft ufpFkflnsf x'g]5 .

gofF lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] l;df cg';f/ xfn sfod /x]sf] lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf, n8fu8f ufla;, sn]gf ulf;a, anu]s ufla;sf * / ( j8fx? / vfltjf8f ufla;sf $, % / ^ j8fx? ;lDdlnt lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf x'g] ePsf] 5 . o; gu/–kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof #@ xhf/ gf} ;o $! x'g] / o;sf] s]Gb| ;flassf] l;nu9Ld} /xg] ePsf] 5 .

gofF ;+/rgf cg';f/ lhNnfdf Ps gu/kflnsf ylkPsf] 5 . ;fljssf jf/kf6f, jgn]s, nf6fdf08f}+, lhhf]8fdf08f}+, lthfnL, krgfnL, d'8\e/f, d'8]ufpF / skNn]sL ufla;nfO{ ldnfP/ gofF lzv/ gu/kflnsf gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt e'–efusf] hg;+Vof #! xhf/ cf7 ;o Ps /x]sf] 5 eg] o;sf] s]Gb| xfnsf] krgfnL ufla;sf] tnsf]6df k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .

o:t} jun]s ufla;sf ! b]lv & ;Ddsf j8fx?, sfF8fdf08f}+, ;fgfufpF, ufFh/L, u}/fufpF, kf]v/L / lv/;}g ufla;x? ;dfj]z u/L @@ xhf/ rf/ ;o *# hg;+Vof ePsf] k"jLrf}sL ufpFkflnsf to ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb| ;fgfufpFdf x'g] u/L tf]lsPsf] 5 . vfltj8f ufa;sf !, @, #, &, * / ( j8fx?, tf]n]gL ufla;, 8f}8 ufla; / 5kfnL ufla;sf] j8f g+= * jfx]ssf j8fx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L !( xhf/ b'O{ ;o ^$ hg;+Vofsf] ;fon ufpFkflnsf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . o; ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb| xfnsf] 8f}8 ufla;sf] b]jf/–df08f}+df x'g]5 .

o:t} 5kfnL ufla;sf] j8f g+= *, lu/Lrf}sf, bxsflnsf:yfg, afFemssfgL, sflnsf:yfg, dxfb]j:yfg / nfldvfn ufla;x?nfO{ ufe]/ cfbz{ ufpFkflnsf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ufpFkflnsfsf] hg;+Vof @$ xhf/ Ps ;o *^ x'g] / s]Gb| df}jf gu/bxdf x'g] ePsf] 5 . af;'b]jL, ltvfQ/, b'uf{df08f}+, /fgfufpF / e'ld/fhdf08f}+ ufla;nfO{ ldnfP/ s] cfO{ l;+x ufpFkflnsf sfod ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb| sfsL{ju/ jfondf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 eg] o;sf] hg;+Vof @) xhf/ ^ ;o gf} sfod ul/Psf] 5 .

o;}u/L lwsf{df08f}+, ;ftkm/L, uu'8f, rjf/frf}tf/f, s]bf/cfv8f, sfgfrf}/ / l;drf}/ ufla; ufe]/ !& xhf/ gf} ;o b'O{ hg;+Vof ePsf] af]u6fg ufpFkflnsf jgfO{Psf] 5 . pQm ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb| rjf/frf}tfsf] vTof8Ldf l;kmf–l/; ul/Psf] 5 .

;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] vfsf k|:t't ub}{ ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrj Pj+ lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt 8f]6Lsf sfo{qmd clws[t 6]sjxfb'/ v8\sfn] nfgfs]bf/]Zj/, 3fªn, dfGgfsfk8L / a5}{g ufla;nfO{ ldnfP/ !^ xhf/ ;ft ;o !* hg;+Vof ePsf] a8\8f s]bf/ ufpFkflnsf jgfO{Psf] hfgsf/L lbP . pQm ufpFkflnsfsf] s]Gb| a5}{gsf] v8\of}nLdf /xg] 5 . gjf}+ :yfgLo lgsfosf] ?kdf 306]Zj/, 5ltjg, nIdLgu/, ;/:jtLgu/, lg/f}nL / u8\;]/f ufla;nfO{ ldnfP/ hf]/fon ufpFkflnsf jg]sf] 5 . pQm ufpFkflnsfsf] hg;+Vof  !& xhf/ kfFr ;o (% x'g]5 eg] o;sf] s]Gb| ;/:jtLgu/sf] /fpts§]df /flvPsf] 5 .

cfof]un] tf]s]sf] sfo{zt{ tyf sfo{lalw cg';f/ ufpFkflnsf x'gsf nflu sDtLdf @@ xhf/ hg;+Vof cfjZos kb{5 t/ 8f]6Ldf to ul/Psf kfFr ufpFkflnsfx?df pQm hg;+Vof k'Ub}g .

s] x'G5 t cj < cfof]usL ;b:o nIdL s'df/L rf}w/Ln] 8f]6Ldf s'g} lajfb gePsf sf/0f of] vfsf cfof]ujf6 :jLs[t x'g ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbOg . laDa g]kfnL ;fKtflxs–;+u s'/f ub}{ rf}w/Ln] elgg\ …hg;+Vof ldn]sf] t 5}g, s'g} s'g} ufpFkflnsfdf w]/} sd 5 t/ klg 8f]6Lsf nflu clwsdt :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;+Vof gf} tf]lsPsf] / gf} s} ;+Vofdf l;dfÍg ePsfn] of] kf; x'g ;S5 .Ú j8fsf] hg;+VofnfO{ w]/} Wofg glbg] dg;fo cfof]un] jgfPsf] rf}w/Ln] jtfO{g . dfkb08 k'/f gePsf] ePklg eljZodf x'g ;Sg] u/L l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] gofF gu/–kflnsf klg :jLs[t x'g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] rf}w/Lsf] egfO{ 5 .

;DkfbsLo

;+lawfg ;+;f]wgsf] k|Zg

k|r08 g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ hGdfpg] d'Vo a'Fbfg} ;+lawfg ;+;f]wgsf] zt{ ;lxtsf] ;xdltsf] a'Fbf lyof] . ;fpg !( ut]sf] tLg /fhgLlts zlQmx?aLrsf] tLg a'Fb] ;xdltsf] Dof08]6 cg';f/ ;+lawfg ;+;f]wgsf] k|:tfj ;+;bdf btf{ ePsf] 5 . t/, b'ef{Uo eGg' k5{, ;/sf/n] ;+lawfg ;+;f]wgsf] k|:tfjsf] af/]df g ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnnfO{ yfx 5, g ;/sf/sf] k|d'v 36s g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ yfx 5 . ;+;f]wg k|:tfjdf s] 5 eGg] s'/f hfgsf/L 5}g pgLx?nfO{ . ;+;f]wg k|:tfj ;fj{hlgs eO{;s]sf] 5, o;df laleGg l6sfl6Kk0fLx? klg ;'? eO{;s]sf 5g . t/ ;+;bdf k]z ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsfx? cfk;d} lajfb ub}{5g .

;/sf/sf] tkm{jf6 tof/ ePsf] ;+lawfg ;+;f]wgsf] k|:tfjdfyL s] s] s'/f 5 eGg] s'/fdf k|wfgdGqL cgla1 5g eGg] s'/f d'v{x?n] klg laZjf; ub}{g xf]nf . xfd|f] h:tf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ ;DkGg k|wfgdGqLnfO{ hfgsf/L gu/fP/} dftxtsf s'g} dGqLn] cfkm'v'zL b]zsf] d'n sfg'g hf] sfg'g nfdf] ;+3{ifkl5 k|fKt ePsf] 5, To;nfO{ ;+;f]wg k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ lxDdt unf{ / < ls t k|wfgdGqLn] …d lg/Lx jf /j/:6\ofDk k|wfgdGqL x'FÚ eGg ;Sg' k¥of] . xf]O{g eg] cfkm'n] jf cfkm\gf] ;/sf/sf s'g} klg dGqLn] u/]sf] sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L lng' k¥of] . cfkm'n] u/]sf] sfdsf] arfpsf nflu ts{x? lbg ;Sg' k¥of], hjfkmb]xL x'g ;Sg' k¥of] . jf km]/L d}n] uNtL u/]F eGg] lxDdt klg /fVg' k¥of] . cfkm'n] ;+;f]wg k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ clg c?nfO{  bf]if nufpg] s'/f cJojxfl/s 5 .

o:t} b'b{zfF g]kfnL sf+u|];df klg 5 . ;+lawfgsf] s'g wf/f jf s'g pkwf/f, s'g jfSo, s'g zSb, s'g cg'R5]b\ ;+;f]wg x'Fb}5 eGg] s'/f km/s kf6f] xf] . ;+lawfg ;+;f]wgsf qmddf ;Qf?9 36s, hf] ;+u ;/sf/ /fVg] ls x'Tofpg] eGg] ul0ftLo tfut 5, Tof] kf6L{df 5nkmn geO{ ;+;f]wg k|:tfj tof/ x'g ;S5 < tof/ ePsf] k|:tfj larf/ ladz{sf nflu t]>f] zlQm;Dd k'Ug ;S5 < kf6L{sf] s'g} JolQm b]z aflx/ x'Fb}df kf6L{ lgZs[o x'Fb}g kf6L{sf] cfkm\gf] ;+oGq x'G5 . kf6L{ …One man organization' xf]O{g .

To;}n] of] ;j} 9fF6 s'/f xf] . ;+;f]wgsf] k|:tfj tof/ ug{df k|wfgdGqL, ;Qf?9 bnx? ;j}sf] ;lqmotf lyof] / ;xdlt klg lyof] . xf]O{g eg] k|:tfj ;fj{hlgs x'g] lalQs} lsg k|ltlqmof hgfPgg\ ;Qf ;fem]bf/ bnx?n] < lsg clxn];Dd klg cf}krfl/s wf/0ff cflwsfl/s ?kdf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5}gg\ < ;/sf/;+u hjfkm dflu/s]sf 5}gg\ < lsg cfkm\gf] tkm{jf6 ;/sf/df uPsf dGqLx?nfO{ :kli6s/0f ;f]w]sf 5}gg\ < lsg To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ lxDdt /fVb}gg\ < hgtfsf] k|ltlqmof cfPkl5 dfq} la/f]w ug]{x?n] ;xL s] xf] / unt s] xf] eGg] klg 5'§fpg ;Sb}gg eg] /fhgLlt ug{'sf] klg s] cy{ xf]nf / <

To;}n] of] ;+lawfg ;+;f]wgsf] k|:tfj s'g} Ps hgf JolQmn] tof/ u/]sf] k|:tfj x'Fb} xf]O{g . o;df k|wfgdGqL, ;/sf/sf dGqLx?, ;Qf ;fem]bf/ bnx? ;j}sf] ;+nUgtf 5 . of] k|:tfj cfpg' ;Qf ;fem]bf/x?sf nflu s'g} cfZro{ s'/f klg xf]O{g .  ;/sf/ jgfpFb} v]/Ldf ePsf] ;dembf/L cg';f/ of] k|:tfj Nofpg' kg]{ clgjfo{ lyof] / NofO{of] klg . cj o;nfO{ c;kmn s;/L ug]{ eGg]lt/ Wofg lbg' h?/L x'G5 . ;Qf ;fem]bf/ bnx?leqsf b]zeQm ;f+;bx?, k|ltkIfL bnleqsf b]zeQm ;f+;bx? ;j} Ps 7fpFdf cfpg' k5{ . of] /fi6«3ftL ;+lawfg ;+;f]wg k|:tfj vf/]h u/fpg' k5{ . clg ;+lawfgsf cfjZos a'Fbfx? ;+;f]wgsf nflu gof tl/sfn] cuf8L hfg' k5{ .

yk ;dfrf/

;fdflhs ;~hfndf kf]lvof] cfqmf];

:yfgLo lgsfo k'g;+{/rgf ug]{ qmddf /fhgLlts bn / :yfgLo tx k'g;{+/rgf k|flalws ;ldltn] dgf]dfgL 9+uaf6 l;dfÍg u/]sf] eGb} ;fdflhs ;~hfn km];a'sdf cfqmf]; kf]lvPsf] 5 .

zlgjf/ ;DkGg ePsf] lhNnf:t/Lo k/fdz{ a}7sdf s;}n] klg la/f]w gu/]sf] eGb} dVv ePsf] ;ldlt / ;ldltnfO{ ;3fpg] /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx? la?4 s6fIf ub}{ km];a'sdf laleGg cleJolQmx? cfPsf 5g . ;fdflhs ;~hfn km];j'sdf s'g} cfwf/} k'/f gePsf] If]qnfO{ gu/kflnsf jgfpg] lg0f{ok|lt Jo+Uo ub}{ wd{/fh cf]emf n]V5g …gu/af;L eO{of] t <Ú o:t} vfltjf8f ufla;sf !, @, #, &, * / ( nfO{ ;fon ufpFkflnsfdf ldnfPsf]df cfqmf]; kf]Vb} dfgjxfb'/ /f]sfof n]V5g …of] la1x?sf] cgla1tfsf] b:tfj]h xf] . ;dfhsf] dgf]la1fgnfO{ layf]Ng o;f] ul/lbpg t eg]/ ul/Psf] k'g;+{/rgf xf] .Ú

o:t} s[i0f dNn eG5g\ …cb'/bzL{ /fhgLlts g]tfx? / cfnfsfrf la1x?n] jgfPsf] vfsf h:tf] nfUof] .Ú u0f]z hf]zL n]V5g …l;df lgwf{/0f ubf{ 8f]6Lsf /fhgLlts bnx?n] cfkm\gf] JolQmut :jfy{sf] nflu l;df lgwf{/0f u/]sf] h:tf] nfUof] .Ú lrGtfd0fL zdf{n] Jo+Uo ub}{ …gLlt lgodsf] af/]df cWoog a9L ePsf]Ú n]v]sf 5g . lzv/ gu/kflnsf jgfPsf]k|lt cfklQ hgfpFb} s]zj cf]emf n]V5g\ …gu/kflnsf x'gsf nflu rflxg] cfjZos k"jf{wf/x? tof/ gul/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] gu/kflnsfsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g .Ú

cfkm\gf] If]qsf] ufpFkflnsfsf] gfd …cfbz{ jgfPsf]k|lt cfqmf]; kf]Vb} lbks v8\sf n]V5g\ …o; If]qsf] O{ltxf; d]6fpg] ul/ sxfFaf6 NofO{of] cfbz{ gfd <Ú o; If]qsf] O{ltxf; d]6\g] ul/ gfd NofPsf] eGb} pgn] yk]sf 5g\ …gfd cfbz{ sfd km6fx .Ú csf{ km];j's k|of]ustf{ u0f]z /f]sfof g]tfx?k|lt cfqmf]; kf]Vb} eG5g\ …ltldx?n] jgfPsf] vfsf Gofof]lrt 5}g, o;sf] v'n]/ la/f]w u/f}+ .Ú

rf/ lbgdf #* nfv ;+sng

t'nfbfg u/fpg]x?sf] ;+Vof w]/}, cfof]hs pT;flxt

8f]6L nf6fdf08f}+ ufla;df /x]sf] /fwfs[i0f dfWoflds laBfno uf]k3f6df k|flalws lzIff ;~rfngfy{ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] /fwfs[i0f wfld{s dxf–dxf]T;j 1fg dxfo1sf] rf}yf] lbg;Dd s/Lj #* nfv /sd ;+sng ePsf] 5 . dxfo1df t'nfbfg        u/fpg]x?sf] ;+Vof a9L /x]sf] 5 .

æxfd|f] k|ltj4tf u'0f:t/Lo lzIff ufpF 3/df, wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] /IffÆ eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy lalxjf/ ;'? ePsf] dxfo1af6 ;f]djf/;Dd #* nfv ;+sng ePsf] laBfnosf k|wfgfWofks ch'{g jnfP/n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g . dxfo1df dxfo1 cfof]hg d'n ;df/f]x ;ldltsf ;+of]hs lz4jxfb'/ anfo/n] ;j}eGbf a9L /sd bfg u/]sf 5g . anfo/n] kfFr nfv ?k}ofF bfg u/]sf x'g . o:t} k"j{dGqL tyf :yfgLoaf;L eQmjxfb'/ anfo/n] Ps nfv @% xhf/ ?k}ofF bfg u/]sf] k|wfgfWofks anfo/n] jtfP .

dxfo1df :yfgLo kbdf anfo/n] s/Lj tLg nfv ?k}ofF j/fj/sf] e"dL bfg u/]sf 5g . dxfo1df t'nfbfg ug]{x?sf] ;+Vof w]/} ePsf] d'n ;df/f]x ;ldltsf ;+of]hs lz4 anfo/n] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf cg';f/ ;f]djf/;Dd s/Lj ^) hgfn] t'nfbfg u/]sf 5g . eQmhgx?n] t'nfbfgdf yk]/ !! xhf/ ?k}ofF k'¥ofpg] / lznfn]vdf gfd n]vfpg] u/]sf] anfo/n] hfgsf/L lbP . t'nfbfg cfkm\gf cfdfa'jf jf h;sf] gfddf t'nfbfg ug{ rfx]sf] xf] Tof] JolQmnfO{ t/fh'sf] Psflt/ / csf]{lt/ pgsf] tf}n a/fa/sf] gub, cGg, ;'g–rfFbL /fv]/ ug]{ ul/G5 . o; dxfo1df gub a/fj/sf] t'nfbfg ug]{ u/]sf ;+of]hs jnfo/n] jtfP .

dxfo1df eQmhgx? / bz{sx?sf] ;xeflutf pNn]Vo /x]sf] :yfgLo /fdrGb| cf]emfn] jtfP . cf]emfsf cg';f/ lhNnfleq / lhNnf aflx/af6 klg eQmhgx? cfpg] u/]sf 5g . xfn;Dd lznfn]vdf gfd n]vfpg]x?df l5d]sL ufla; af/kf6fsf eQmhgx? a9L /x]sf] cf]emfn] jtfP . !! xhf/ ?k}ofF eGbf dfyL bfg ug]{sf] gfd laBfnosf] lznfn]vdf /flvg] 5 .

dxfo1df cfh ;f+;båo k|]djxfb'/ cfn]du/ / e/tjxfb'/ v8\sf cfpg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] laBfnosf k|wfgfWofks jnfo/n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g .

dxfo1df afrg lz/f]d0fL cfrfo{ gf/fo0f z/0fd\n] >Ldb\efujt k|jrg lbO{/x]sf 5g . dxfo1 cjlwe/ b}lgs of]u lzla/, cf/tL, zflnu|fd k'hg lgolt eO{/x]sf 5g . dxfo1jf6 cfkm'x? yk pT;fxL ePsf] laBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf xs{jxfb'/ anfo/n] jtfP .

kqsf/ kfnLsf] b]p8f ahf/df

8f]6Ldf lqmofzLn kqsf/ emns kfnLsf] klxnf] b]p8f uLt …Sof dflGg x} ;f}+/fO{…Ú sf] cl8of] ahf/df cfPsf] 5 .

rlr{t uflosf l6sf k'g;+u} kqsf/ kfnLsf] :j/ /x]sf] pQm b]p8f uLtsf zJb / no kfnL cfkm}n] l;h{gf u/]sf x'g\ . zAb l;h{gf kfnLnfO{ / ;'b"/klZrdsf rlr{t ufos ;'o{lj/xL ;fpFbn] ;fy lbPsf lyP .

dfof k|]ddf k/]sf o'un hf]8Llar Ps csf{df ljZjf; gePsf] kl/j]zsf] sNkgf ub}{ efjgfTds uLt l;h{gf u/]sf] kqsf/ Pj+ ufos kfnLn] atfPsf 5g . xfn ahf/df cl8of] dfq} cfPsf] ePklg pQm uLtsf] lel8of] s]lx ;dod} ;fj{hlgs ug]{ tof/L /x]sf] pgn] jtfP . bz}+cl3 g} 88]Nw'/fdf 5fofÍg ePsf] pQm uLtsf] lel8of]df cg'k rGbsf] lgb]{zg /x]sf] 5 . clego ufos kfnL / csf{ kqsf/ rlG›sf cf]emf …;fg'Ú n] u/]sf 5g\ .

sf7df08f}+, k'tnL ;8sdf /x]sf] dfn>L /]sl8{Ë :6'l8of]af6 tof/ kfl/Psf] pgsf] uLtdf g]kfns} k|l;4 Do"lhs P/]~h/ lagf]b afh'/fnLn] Do"lhs P/]~h u/]sf 5g\ . 8f]6Lsf] nIdLgu/ uflj;–#, hf]/fondf hlGdPsf kfnL ljut cf7 jif{b]lv kqsfl/tf k]zfdf lqmofzLn /lx cfPsf 5g\ . o;cl3 klg laleGg sfo{qmddf uLtx? k|:t't ub}{ cfPsf kfnLsf] PNjds} ?kdf eg] of] klxnf] cEof; xf] . 

o;kl5 lg/Gt/ ?kdf ufog If]qdf nflu/xg] dg;fo jgfPsf kfnLn] …vf]nL uf]ugsf]Ú af]nsf] bf]>f] b]p8f uLtsf] tof/L ;d]t ul//x]sf 5g . pgsf] klxnf] 8]p8f uLt efjgfTds x'Fbf ;'Gg] vfnsf] dfq} ePsfn] bf]>f] uLt gfFRg] vfnsf] tof/ kf/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP .   

cGt/jftf{n] jgfof] pT;fxL

elgG5, cfkm'n] u/]sf] sfddf yf]/} ;fx; / xf};nf kfP cem /fd|f] ug]{ dg nfU5 . o:t} ePsf] 8f]6L lwsf{df08f}+ ufla;–$ lgjf;L lx/f l;+ af]x/fnfO{ . /]l8of]x?df pRr cf]xbfsf sd{rf/Lx?, /fhgLltsdL{x?, snfsf/x?sf] cGt/–aftf{ dfq} ;'Gb} cfPsf af]x/fnfO{ /]l8of]df 7'nfj8fx? dfq} af]N5g eGg] k/]sf] lyof] t/ hj pgn] cfkm} /]l8of]df cfkm\gf s'/fx? /fVg] cj;/ kfP pgL ub\ub\ eP .

s[lif k]zfdf /fd|f] pGgtL u/]sf]df 8f]6Laf6 k|;f/0f x'g] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] lqj]0fLn] pgsf] 3/d} uP/ pgL;+u s'/fsfgL u¥of] . Tof] s'/fsfgL /]l8of]af6 ah]kl5 pgnfO{ cfkm\gf] k]zfdf yk ;lqmo x'g] xf};nf ldNof] . pgL eG5g\ …d}n] klg /]l8of]df af]Ng kfpFnf eGg] t d}n] sNkg} u/]sf] lyPg .Ú ;fd'bflos  /]l8of] lqa]0fL PkmPd / lkmofg g]kfnsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rflnt …vfB clwsf/ xfd|f] ;/f]sf/Ú sfo{qmddf cu'jf s[ifs af]x/fsf] cGt/jftf{ k|zf/0f ePkl5 pgnfO{ s[ifL If]qdf nfUgsf nfuL cem} xf};nf ldn]sf] pgL jtfpF5g . .

…/fd|f] sfd u/]kl5 t /]l8of]afnfx? klg 3/} k'Ug] /x]5gÚ af]x/f eG5g\ …/]l8of]df d}n] af]n]sf] klg cfPkl5 s[ifsx?sf s'/f klg cfpg] /x]5g eGg] yfx kfPF .Ú pgL lqj]0fL PkmPdnfO{ wGojfb klg lbG5g\ .

s[lif If]qdf nfUg] k|]/0ff dfq} xf]O{g af]Ng] Ifdtfsf] lasf; klg /]l8of]n] u/]sf] pgn] atfP . pgn] eg] …xfdL klxnf af]Ng klg hfGb}g lyof}+ /]l8of]df af]n]kl5 af]Ng] snfsf] lasf; klg ePsf] 5 . cfTdflaZjf; klg a9]sf] 5 .Ú

uu'8f ufla;–! sf cu'jf s[ifs ch'{g l;+ af]u6LnfO{ klg /]l8of]df cfkm'n] u/]sf] sfdsf] k|z+;f ePsf] ;'g]kl5 s[lif If]qdf cfkm\gf] bfloTj a9]sf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 . pgL eG5g\ …dnfO{ sfd ug{sf nflu yk k|]/0ff ldn]sf] 5 .Ú pgn] cfkm\gf] s'/f /]l8of]af6 k|zf/0f ePkl5 cfkm\gf] 6f]nsf o'jfx? klg t/sf/L v]tL ug]{ eg]/ nfu]sf jtfP .

…;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] ;dfhsf laBdfg ;d:of, ;Defjgf, tyf ;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfd ul//x]sf 5gÚ cu'jf s[ifs af]x/fn] eg] …o;/L u|fld0f hgtfsf ;d:of, lk/dsf{, ;kmntf, kl/>dklg ;~rf/dfWoddf cfpg] eP xfdLnfO{ klg v'zL nfUg] lyof] .Ú

pgs} s'/fdf ;xL yK5g csf{ s[ifs af]u6L . pgL eG5g\ …lqj]0fL PkmPdn] vfB clwsf/, xfd|f] ;/f]sf/ sfo{qmd dfkm{t xfdLnfO{ w]/} s'/f l;sfPsf] 5 .Ú

lalaw sfo{qmdsf ;fy aflif{s pT;j

8f]6Lsf] k'/fgf] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf ;dfh ;]jf 8f]6Ln] ;+:yfsf] @^ cf}+ aflif{s lalaw sfo{qmd u/L dgfO{/x]sf] 5 .

@)$& ;fndf ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] efjgfaf6 k|]l/t ePsf o'jfx?n] :yfkgf u/]sf] pQm ;+:yfsf] @^ cf}+ aflif{s pT;j cfO{tjf/ ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?aLrsf] km'6an k|ltof]lutfaf6 cWoIf gljg >]i7n] pb\3f6g u/]sf x'g . ;+:yfsk ;b:ox? / cfhLjg ;b:ox?sf] Ps ;d"x e;]{; ;fwf/0f ;b:ox?sf] ;d"xaLr pQm k|ltof]lutf ePsf] lyof] .

aflif{s pT;js} c;j/df ;f]djf/ 8f]6L c:ktfndf /x]sf la/fdLx?nfO{ kmnkm'n lat/0f ul/Psf] ;+:yfsf dxf;lrj lbk]g dNn >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g . >]i7sf cg';f/ c:ktfndf egf{ ePsf kfFr hgfnfO{ 8f lu/Lz cj:yL, ;+:yfsf cWoIf gljg >]i7 nufotn] kmnkm'n lat/0f u/]sf lyP .

o:t} ;f]djf/} ;+:yfsf dlxnf ;b:ox?aLr Do'lhsn lro/ k|ltof]lutf / afnaflnsfx?aLr laleGg v]n k|ltof]lutf ePsf dxf;lrj >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbP .

sfo{qmdsf] t]>f] lbg cfh d+unjf/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr …;fdflhs kl/jt{gdf ;dfh ;]jfsf @^ jif{Ú laifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/g] / ;f]xL sfo{qmddf ;+:yfks ;b:ox?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g] dxf;lrj lbk]g dNn >]i7n] laDa ;fKtflxsnfO{ atfP .

c+lus[t gful/stf ;DjlGw Joj:yfdf unt xNnf

c+lus[t gful/stf ePsf AolQmx? /fi6« k|d'v aGg kfpg] u/L ;+lawfg ;+;f]wgsf] sfd eO{/x]sf] eGg] xNnf lg/fwf/ ePsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o n]v/fh e§n] atfPsf 5g .

k|]; ;]G6/ g]kfn 8f]6L zfvfn] 8f]6Lsf] /fhk'/df cfof]hgf u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb} kf6L{ tyf & g++= k|b]z O{~rfh{ ;d]t /x]sf e§n] pQm s'/f atfPsf x'g . pgn] eg] …c+lus[t gful/s eg]sf] lab]zL gful/s xf], lab]zL /fi6«sf] dfG5] oxfFsf] /fi6« k|d'v agfpFbf s;/L dfGg] s'/f x'G5 <Ú ;/sf/sf sfg'g dGqLn] g} …cGtl/d ;+lawfgdf ePsf] Aoj:yfnfO{ Nofpg vf]h]sf] xf] eg]/ :jLsf/ u/]sf 5gÚ eGg] ;~rf/sdL{ x?sf] k|Zgdf e§n] eg] …sfg'g dGqL Ho"n] s;/L eGg' eof], yfxf 5}g . xfd|f] kf6L{ / k|wfgdGqL Ho"n] s'g} klg To:tf] k|sf/sf] lg0f{o ePsf] 5}g eg]/ k|:6 kfg'{ ePsf] 5 .Ú

g]kfnL g]tfx?n] laleGg a]nfdf ef/t / rfO{gf sf8{ k|of]u ug{ vf]Hg] sf/0f b]z ;d:ofdf k/]sf] e§sf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . pgn] eg] …slxn] lrlgofF sf8{ k|of]u u/]/ ef/t l7s kf5'{, slxn] ef/tsf] sf8{ k|of]u u/]/ lrgnfO{ l7s kf5'{ eg]/ g]tfx?n] bf]xf]/f] k|sf/sf] gLlt ckgfpg vf]Hbf ;d:of ePsf] xf] .Ú  g]tf e§n] ;]tL nf]sdfu{, kmf:6 6«\ofs  h:tf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ agfpgdf cfkm\gf] hf]8 /x]sf] jtfP . zlxb :d[lt laBfno /fhk'/sf] laBfno Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7s / 8f]6L lhNnfsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|df /x]sf] lajfb ;dfwfg ug{sf nfuL g]tf e§ 8f]6L k'u]sf x'g .

k|b]z g+= & df :yfgLo tx k'g;+{/rgf

;j{q la/f]w, st} 6'Ëf] nfUof] st} lajfb sfod}

n /fdx/L cf]emf÷8f]6L

     sflt{s @@

ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf tyf laz]if, ;+/lIft tyf :jfoQ If]qsf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f cfof]un] tf]lsPsf] ;dol;dfleq k|b]z g+= & sf s]xL lhNnfx?df ;xdlt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

k'g;{+/rgfsf] ;j{q la/f]w eO{/x]sf] 5 . st} l;df gldn]sf], st} s]Gb| gldn]sf], st} ;+Vof gldn]sf] / st} sfo{lalw cg';f/ l;df tyf ;+Vof lgwf{/0f gePsf] eGb} la/f]w eO{/x]sf]  xf] .

w]/} hg;+Vof ePsf] s}nfnLdf :yfgLo tx k'g;++{/rgfdf ;xdlt h'6\g g;s]kl5 :yfgLo tx k'g;{+/rgf lhNnf k|fljlws ;xof]u ;ldltn] lgwf{l/t cjlwdf k'g;+{/rgfsf] vfsf cfof]udf k7fpg ;s]g . sflt{s @) ut] ;Dd klg /fhgLlts txdf ;xdlt h'6\g g;s]kl5 vfsf k7fpg s}nfnL c;kmn ePsf] xf] .

s}nfnLsf nflu clwstd\ !# x'g ;Sg] cfof]un] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f u/] cg';f/ ;xdlt h'6\g g;s]sf] ;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pj+ s}nfnLsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L s]zj k|;fb ladnLn] jtfP . ;+Vofaf/] ;xdlt glhs k'u]sf] t/ ;Ldfs+g, j8f ljefhgnufot s]xL ljifo 6'+uf]df k'Ug afFsL /x]sf] pgn] atfP .

o:t} 88]Nw'/f lhNnfdf clwstd\ ^ sf] ;+Vof tf]lsPsf]df ;xdlt h'6\g g;s]kl5 ;ft j6f tx lgwf{/0f ul/ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . b'O{ gu/kflnsf / kfFr ufpFkflnsf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L k'?iff]Td 9sfnn] hfgsf/L lbP .

l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] vfsf cg';f/ cd/u9L / k/z'/fd gu/kflnsf /x]sf 5g\ eg] efu]Zj/ au/]sf6, gjb'uf{, cflntfn, chod]? eb|k'/ / uGofk ufpkflnsf /x]sf 5g\ .

8f]6L lhNnfdf b'O{ gu/kflnsf / ;ft ufpFkflnsf agfpg]df bnx?sf aLrdf ;xdlt ePklg lhNnfaf;Lx?n] eg] cfqmf]; kf]v]sf 5g . o; lhNnfdf lbkfon l;nu9L / lzv/ gu/kflnsf tyf k"lj{rf}sL, s]cfO{l;+x, af]u6fg, a8\8L s]bf/, cfbz{, ;fon / hf]/fon ufpFkflnsf agfpg] ul/ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] :yfgLo lasf; clwsf/L s[i0f uf}tdn] hfgsf/L lbP . 8f]6Ldf clwstd\ ;+Vof gf} tf]lsPsf] lyof] .

c5fddf tf]lsPs} ;+Vofdf !) j6f ufpFkflnsf l;kmfl/; ePsf 5g\ . c5fddf tLg j6f gu/kflnsf / ;ft j6f ufpFkflnsf /xg] ul/ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] xf] . /fhgLlts txdf ;xdlt ePklg :yfgLo txdf lajfb /x]sf] c5fdaf;Lx? jtfpF5g . d+un;]g, ;fFkm]au/ / sdnahf/ gu/kflnsf tyf rf}/kf6L, d]Nn]s, abf{b]jfGgLu9L, /fdf/f];g, lagfos, k'd{;ft / 9sf/L ufpFkflnsf /xg] 5g\ .

o;}u/L bfr{'nfdf ;ft ufpFkflnsf / b'O{ gu/kflnsf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . /fHo k'g{;+/rgf cfof]un] lbPsf] ;Ldf If]qsf] cfwf/df gfdf+sg, l;df+sg / s]Gb| lgwf{/0fsf af/]df ;xdlt ePsf] k|fljlws ;xof]u ;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pj+ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L ;xb]j /fodfemLn] hfgsf/L lbPklg ;fljssf] dflnsfh'{g ufla;sf ;j} bnsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?n] l;df+sgdf c;xdlt hgfpFb} cf–cfkm\gf] kf6L{ Tofu]sf 5g .

a}t8Ldf cfof]usf] gofF dfkb08 cg';f/ clwstd\ !) j6f :yfgLo tx agfpg ldNg] cfwf/ lbPkl5 a}t8Ldf !) j6f :yfgLo tx k|:tfj ul/Psf] lhNnf k|fljlws ;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pj+ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L v]d/fh lai6n] hfgsf/L lbP . t/, k|fljlws ;ldltn] g]tfx?n] cfkm\gf] uf]hLaf6 tof/ kf/]/ lbPsf] lni6 cg';f/ k'g;{+/rgf ePsf] eGb} :yfgLon] lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L aemfªdf :yfgLo txsf] k'g{;+/rgf vfsf k|ltj]bg cfof]unfO{ k7fO{Psf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf eg] !! j6f O{nfsf oyfjt /xg] u/L k|ltj]bg a'emfO{Psf] xf] .

k'g;{+/rgf cg';f/ s~rgk'/df cj s'g} ufpFkflnsf g/xg] ePsf] 5 . ;fljssf] eLdbQ gu/kflnsfdf cf;kf;sf e'efu ykL pkdxfgu/kflnsf jgfpg] / cGo * gu/kflnsf jgfpg] ul/ :yfgLo txsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . z'qmjf/ laafbsf sf/0f a}7s :ylut ePklg zlgjf/ km]/L a}7s a;]kl5 ;xdlt ePsf] ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 . ;ldltsf] k|:tfjn] s~rgk'/ ufpFkflnsf ljxLg ePsf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf ;flasdf rf/ uflj; / cf7 gu/kflnsf 5g\ .

cf7 gu/kflnsfnfO{ oyfjt /fv]/ z+s/k'/ uflj; ;lxt cGo uflj;sf s]xL jf8{ ;dfj]z u/L nfnemf8L gu/kflnsf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . nfnemf8L gu/kflnsfdf z+s/k'/ ;lxt jfO;]ljrjf / b]vte"nLsf s]xL jf8{ k/]sf 5g\ . 

lab]zLnfO{ /fi6«k|d'v :jLsfl/Gg

/fli6«o hgdf]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf ;]tL dxfsfnL O{~rfh{ nfnaxfb'/ hfu|Ln] lab]zL gful/snfO{ /fi6«k|d'v jgfpg] ul/ ;+lawfg ;+;f]wg u/] cfkm'x?nfO{ :jLsfo{ gx'g] jtfPsf 5g .

/fli6«o hgdf]rf{ 8f]6Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cS6f]a/ qmflGtsf] ztaflif{sL sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ug{ 8f]6L k'u]sf g]tf hfu|Ln] c+lus[t gful/sx?nfO{ /fi6«k|d'v nufot k|d'v kbx?df lgo'Qm x'g kfpg] u/L ;+lawfg ;+;f]wgsf] k|:tfj tof/ ePsf]k|lt cfqmf]; JoQm u/] . o:tf] s'/f s'g} klg g]kfnLnfO{ dfGo gx'g] bfjL u/] .

;f]djf/ pb\3f6g ePsf] pQm ztaflif{sL sfo{qmd Ps aif{ ;Dd rNg]  /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ 8f]6Lsf ;lrj s]zjgfy of]uLn] jtfPsf 5g . ?;df n]gLgsf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] dxfg cS6f]a/ qmflGt Ps ;o aif{ k'/f ePsf] ca;/df pQm qmflGtsf] ztaflif{sL dgfpg nfluPsf] ;lrj of]uLn] hfgsf/L lbP .

df]rf{åf/f 8f]6Lsf] lbkfondf cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbO{Psf] xf] . o; cj;/df /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ 8f]6Ln] lhNnfsf laleGg ufla;df @)&$ sflt{s @! ut] ;Dd ;ef, dfr{kf; tyf >dlzla/sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ df]rf{sf 8f]6L lhNnf cWoIf a]0fLdfwa hf]zLn] jtfP . of] cleofgsf qmddf b]ze/df tLg nfv sfo{stf{ tyf kf6L{ ;b:o yKg] / ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o hfu|Ln] jtfP .

5f]6s/L ;dfrf/

b]z b'3{6gfdf hfg] vt/f

:yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg geP b]z 7'nf] b'3{6gfdf hfg] ;Defjgf /x]sfn] ;a} rgfvf] x'g kg]{ ;f+;b e/t axfb'/ v8\sfn] atfPsf 5g .

;f+;b v8\sfn] @)&$ df3 leq tLg txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ul/ ;Sg' kg]{ ;+a}wflgs afWotf ePklg xfn;Dd l;df+sgsf] d'4f xn ug{ g;s]sf sf/0f d'nsdf ;+a}wflgs ;d:of cfpg] atfP .

at{dfg ;/sf/ / cfof]u lar tfnd]n gePsf sf/0f ;d:of cfpg ;Sg] v8\sfsf] egfO{ 5 . at{dfg ;/sf/n] O{nfsfnfO{ cfwf/dfgL ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsf agfpg eg] klg cfof]un] cfˆg} k|sf/sf] l;lnª tf]s]sf sf/0f ;/sf/ / cfof]u lar tfnd]n gePsf] k|:6 x'g] pgn] eg] .

wfld{s sfo{qmd /2

8f]6L krgfnL ufla;–( df ;~rfng x'g] eg]sf] wfld{s sfo{qmd /2 ePsf] 5 .

:yfgLo nf6fsfkmnL b]jtfsf] df08f}+ lgdf{0fsf nflu cy{ ;+sng ug]{ p2]Zonn] cfof]hgf ug{ nfluPsf] pQm wfld{s sfo{qmd csf]{ ;"rgf k|sflzt geP;Ddsf nflu :yflut ul/Psf] sfkmnL kz'kltgfy lasf; ;]jf ;ldltsf cWoif /fhk|;fb hf]zLn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g .

sfo{qmd :ylut x'g'sf] sf/0f v'nfO{Psf] 5}g t/ k|flalws sf/0fn] wfld{s sfo{qmd :ylut ul/Psf] cWoIf hf]zL–åf/f k|]l;t kqdf pNn]v 5 . 

v]n ;dfrf/

l6d gk'Ubf v]n :ylut

ck]Iff u/] cg'?k v]nf8L l6d btf{ gx'Fbf k|b]z g+= & :t/Lo d}qLk"0f{ elnan k|ltof]lutf :ylut ePsf] 5 .

8f]6Lsf] skNn]sLdf x'g] elgPsf] pQm k|ltof]lutfdf hDdf ltg lhNnfsf v]n l6d dfq} btf{ ePkl5 :ylut ug'{ k/]sf] xf] . …kfFrf}+ efu]Zj/ u'|k skNn]sL elnan l;N8Ú gfd lbO{Psf] pQm k|ltof]lutfdf & g+= k|b]zsf gf} j6} lhNnfaf6 l6d ;xeflu u/fpg] nIf cfof]hsn] /fv]sf] lyof] t/ To;f] x'g g;Sbf v]n :ylut ug'{ k/]sf] cfof]hsx?n] jtfPsf 5g .

gf} j6} lhNnfaf6 v]n l6dsf] ;xeflutf x'g] ;Defjgf gb]lvPkl5 csf{] ;"rgf geP;Ddsf nflu k|ltof]lutf :ylut ul/Psf] cfof]hs ;+:yf skNn]sL o'jf ;dfhsf cWoIf lbks jf]u6Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . ;dfhn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf cWoIf af]u6Ln] eg] …cfof]hssf] k"0f{ tof/L eP klg v]nf8L l6d cefjn] :ylut u'g{ k¥of] .

k|ltof]lutfdf v]nf8Lx?nfO{ vfgf tyf cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd x'g] l6dnfO{ Ps nfv %! xhf/ ?k}ofF k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] .

ef/Qf]ng 6f]nL hfkfgtkm{

n gful/s b}lgs

Pl;ofnL o'y tyf h'lgo/ ef/f]Qf]ng RoflDkogl;kdf ;xefuL x'g b'O{ v]nf8L;lxt & ;b:oLo g]kfnL 6f]nL ;f]daf/ hfkfgsf] 6f]lsof] hfg] ePsf] 5 .

d+unaf/ ;'? eP/ Ps xKtf;Dd rNg] k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnaf6 k'?if ^@ s]hLdf k|sfz s];L tyf dlxnf %* s]hLdf sdnf >]i7n] ;xeflutf hgfpg]5g\ . k|sfzn] o'y / h'lgo/ b'j}df k|lt:kwf{ ug]{5g\ eg] sdnfsf] ;xeflutf h'lgo/dfdfq /xg] /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifbn] hgfPsf] 5 .

k|sfzsf] pTs[i6 k|bz{g :Gofrdf (# s]hL / lSng PG8 hs{df !@) s]hL /x]sf] 5 . :Grfrdf %* s]hL / lSng PG8 hs{df &# s]hL sdnfsf] JolQmut pRr k|bz{g xf] . #% eGbf al9 b]zsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] atfOPsf] k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL 6f]nL cf]nlDkog Pj+ ef/f]Qf]ngsf d'Vo k|lzIfs ;'gLnnfn hf]zLsf] k|lzIf0fdf plqg] 5 . 6f]nL Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf ;+ho dxh{gdf x'g]5 . o;}u/L g]kfn ef/f]Qf]ng ;+3sf cWoIf /tgs'df/ 608g / dxf;lrj kfy{ ;f/yL ;]g u'Kt klg 6f]nL;+u} 6f]lsof] hfg]5g\ .

608g gf]e]Da/ ( tfl/vdf x'g] Pl;ofnL sf+u|]; / Pl;ofnL ef/f]Qf]ngsf] sfo{sf/L j}7sdf ;xefuL x'g To;tkm{ hfg nfu]sf x'g\ . blIf0f Pl;ofnL ef/f]Qf]ng ;+3sf pkfWoIf ;d]t /x]sf 608g Pl;ofnL ef/f]Qf]ng dxf;+3sf cWoIf df]xDdb o';'km cNdfgfsf ;xfos x'g\ .

sf+u|];df ;g\ @)!& sf] h'nfOdf x'g] o'y, h'lgo/ tyf l;lgo/ ef/f]Qf]ng RoflDkogl;ksf] clGtd …lal8ªÚ klg x'g]5 . To;df g]kfnn] klg bfjL ug]{ dxf;lrj u'Ktn] hfgsf/L u/fP . g]kfnn] pQm k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgfsf] lhDd]jf/L kfpg] alnof] ;Defjgf /x]sf] u'Ktn] atfP .

g]kfnn] o;cl3 ;g\ @)!% sf] cui6df l;lgo/ Pl;ofnL ef/f]Qf]ng RoflDkogl;k cfof]hgfsf] cj;/ kfPsf] lyof] . t/, utjif{sf] e"sDksf sf/0f k|ltof]lutf yfONofG8df ;/]sf] lyof] . Pl;ofnL k|fljlws sld6Lsf ;lrj u'Kt k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng ug{ hfkfg hfg nfu]sf x'g\ . u'Kt cGt/fli6«o ef/f]Qf]ng dxf;+3 cGtu{t cg'zf;g sld;gsf ;b:o klg x'g\ . o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf ;x–;lrj r"8fdl0f kf}8]n klg dGqfnosf] k|ltlglwsf ?kdf 6f]nL;Fu hfkfg hfg]5g\ .

rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg

…lz/km'nÚ lgdf{0fsf] 3f]if0ff

cfw'lgstfsf] a9\bf] k|efj;Fu} o'jfk':tfdf b]lvPsf] ;+:s[lts ljs[ltnfO{ lrq0f ug]{ u/L rnlrq …lz/km'nÚ lgdf{0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 .

klkm{ª cf6{ lqmozg / du/ lqmozgsf] ;+o'Qm k|:t'tLdf rnlrq …lz/km"nÚ lgdf{0f x'g] hfgsf/L lbO{Psf] 5 . cfOtaf/ /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht Ps ;df/f]xaLr …lz/km"nÚ lgdf{0fsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] .

sdn PSr} du/ rnlrq …lz/km"nÚaf6} rnlrq lgb]{zgdf 8]Ao' ug]{ ePsf 5g . lgb]{zs sdnsf cg';f/ …lz/km"nÚ gf/Lk|wfg rnlrq x'g]5 . pgn] eg] …of] rnlrqn] o'jfk':tfdf b]lvPsf] klZrdf ;+:s[ltsf] k|efjnfO{ lrq0f u5{ hals k|]d, snf / ;+:sf/nfO{ km];gsf ?kdf lng] rngsf] a9\b} uPsf] 5 .Ú sdnn] …lz/km"nÚ n] ufpFb]lv ;x/;Ddsf] syf ;d]6\g] atfP .

o; rnlrqsf] lgdf{0f cfzL{jfb k'gn] ug{ nfu]sf x'g\ . …lz/km"nÚ df ljlgtf du/, /fh yfkf, ?kf /fgf, b]j cfn]du/, gLtf k'g, k'hf ubn, gldtf tfdfª, ljgf yfkf, lnnf u'?ª, /fh' of]lug, ;'lgn du/nufotsf] d'Vo clego /xg] ePsf] 5 .

rnlrqdf xl/ nD;fnsf] ;+uLt, l8kL vfgfn / ;GbLk yfkfsf] uLt /xg] 5 . l;4fGt P;=kf}8]nsf] lgdf{0f lgoGq0fdf aGg] …lz/km"nÚnfO{ lg/f]h >]i7n] lvRb}5g\ .

ælah'nL d]l;gÆ l9nf] cfpg]

cfjfhaf6 klg lah'nL lgsfNg ;lsG5 eGg] syfdf cfwfl/t g]kfnL rnlrq …lah'nL d]l;gÚ k|bz{g x'g l9nf] x'g] ePsf] 5 .

sflQs @^ ut] l/lnh x'g] elgPsf] pQm rnlrqsf] k|bz{g ldlt s]lx k/ ;g]{ lgdf{0f kIfn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . gofF ldlt cg';f/ ca of] rnlrq d+l;/ !& ut]af6 b]ze/ k|bz{g x'g]5 .

gljg cfjfnsf] n]vg tyf lgb]{zgdf tof/ ePsf] of] rnlrqdf gfos /fh]z xdfnn] klg ljz]if e"ldsf lgjf{xf u/]sf 5g\ .

cleif]s ;'j]bL, hLjg clwsf/L, j'l4 tfdfª, cflzif n'O6]n, hLjg e§/fO{ rnlrqsf] rnlrqdf d'Vo e"ldsfdf 5g\ . rnlrqdf l/;e cfrfo{, bLk]g a:g]t, ;+lhj s'df/ Gof}kfg], ljGb' ltldlN;gf 5g\ .

rnlrqnfO{ ;do;fdlos syfdf tof/ kfl/Psf] o;sf lgb]{zsn] atfP . pgsf cg';f/, bz{sn] gf}nf] syfdf of] rnlrq x]g{ kfpg]5g\ .

n]v

:yfgLo lgsfo k'g;+{/rgfdf lsg c;xdlt <

/fdx/L cf]emf

clxn] 8f]6L lhNnf ;b/d'sfd :yfgLo txsf] k'g;{+/rgfsf] laifon] tft]sf] 5 . uNnLdf, rf]sdf, lrof k;ndf, e§Ldf, ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L sfof{nox?df, /fhgLlts bnx?df, ;~rf/ hutdf ;j} 7fpF :yfgLo lgsfosf] ax;n] ttfPsf] 5 . æ======= ;s]F, b}nf] b]v]FÆ eGof h:tf] cj of] ax; rnfP/ s'g} cy{ x'G5 jf o;sf] s'g} cf}lrTo 5 jf 5}g eGg] laifo Pp6f laifo xf] . cyf{t cjsf x'Ss], lrlnd], 6\jfs], lunf;] ukmx?n] /fhgLlts bnåf/f tof/ ul/Psf] / cfkm'nfO{ cu'jf x'F eGg] d'7\7Le/sf dfG5]x?n] tfnL jhfP/ kf; u/]sf] vfsfdf kl/jt{g x'g] s'/fdf slQsf] k|efj kf5{ eGg] laifon] o;sf] slt dxTj x'G5 eGg] a]Un} kf6f] xf] t/ lo ukmx? la:tf/} ufpF;Dd k'Ug]5g / wfg leqfP/ ux'Fsf] v]tLdf h'6]sf u|fld0f If]qsf hgtf;Dd k'Ug]5g, jNn pgLx?n] yfx kfpg]5g ls pgLx? s;/L jNnf] ufpFjf6 kNnf] ufpFsf afl;Gbf eP5g, ufpFn]af6 s;/L /ftf/ft zx/Lof eP5g eGg] s'/f . jNn yfx kfpg]5g kfgL wf/f], s'nf], ag t cs}{ ufpFkflnsfdf k/]sf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f . o; cy{df lo x'Ss]–lrlnd] ukmx?n] dxTj /fVg]5g .

of] vj/ ;'Gbf cfkm' zx/Lof ePsf]df v'zL dgfpg] 5}gg\ . h;/L laut nfdf] ;dob]lv zx/;+u hf]l8lbP/ s]xL ufpFx?n] b'b{zfF v]Kg' k/]sf] 5, Tof] ;Dem]/ b'MvL x'g]5g, ;/fKg]5g lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf a;]/ ef}uf]lns gS;fsf] ls§fsf6 ug]{x?nfO{ . pgLx? klg ufpFufpFdf lrlnd]–x'Ss] ukmåf/f cfqmf]; kf]Vg] 5g . la:tf/} of] ukm ;]nfpFb} hfg]5g, hgtf la;{b} hfg]5g t/ pgLx?sf lk8f ylkb} hfg]5g .

xf], oxL lgolt x'g]5 cj . oBkL of] :yfgLo lgsfosf] k'g;+{/rgf ug]{ laifo clxn]g} 6'Ë]nf h:tf] 5}g . sfFqmfsf] lr/f nufpg klg klxn] sfFqmf] l6Kg em'n;Dd hfg' k5{ / To;sf nflu klg ;do nfU5 t/ oxfF t em'n;Dd hfg] ;do klg lbO{Psf] 5}g . sflt{s $ ut] kl/dflh{t vfsf cfpF5, sflt{s @) ut] k|ltj]bg a'emfO{;Sg' kg]{ 5 . sf7df08f}+df a;]/ lrNnf uf9Ldf t/sf/L lsGg hfg]x?n] 3fªn eGg] ufpF lasf; ;ldlt slt 6f9f 5 eGg] cg'dfg ug{ g;Sg' pgLx?sf] uNtL xf]O{g . uNtL t xfdL hgtfsf] xf] hf] b'/b/fhdf hGDof}+, ot} a;f]af; u¥of}+ . ot} /dfof}+, b'Mv ;'v ot} ;f6\of}+ . To;}n] b]ze/Ldf clxn] b]lvPsf] cfqmf];nfO{ x]bf{ of] :yfgLo lgsfosf] l;df / ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfo{n] s]xL ;do cem lng]5 eGg] ;+s]t u5{ . t/, xfdLn] t ;j{;Ddt lg0f{o u¥of}+, lhNnf ;b/d'sfdsf] aGb sf]7fdf b'O{ nfv !! xhf/ hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] eGb} b'O{÷rf/ hgfn] tfnL jhfP/ cg'df]bg klg u¥of}+ . wfs nufof}+ …xfdLn] olt lbg nufP/ jgfcf}+Ú eg]/ . la/f]w ug]{x? lxhf] c:tL lsg cfPgg\ eg]/ kf] plk|mof}+ .

v}/, :yfgLo lgsfo k'g;{+/rgfsf qmddf s] eof] eGg] s'/f Pp6f laifo xf] / s;/L eof] eGg] s'/f csf]{ kf6f] xf] . ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf tyf laz]if, ;+/lIft jf :jfoQ If]qsf] ;+Vof tyf l;dfgf lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfkm'nfO{ ;lhnf] kfg{sf nflu lhNnf:t/df :yfgLo lasf; clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf :yfgLo tx k'g;+{/rgf k|flalws ;xof]u ;ldlt u7g u¥of] / To;sf] sfo{zt{ tyf sfo{lalw klg jgfP/ k7fof] . Tof] sfo{zt{ tyf sfo{lalw cg';f/ olb Tof] ;ldltn] sfd uYof]{ eg] of] ;d:of cfpg] lyPg ;fob .

sfo{lalwn] tf]s] cg';f/ klxn] t ;ldlt cfkm}n] cEof; ug'{ kg]{ lyof] . tof/Lsf qmddf lhNnfsf] ;du| kIfsf] cWoog ug'{ kg]{ lyof] . Tof] eof] ls  ePg < xfdLn] clxn]sf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;+Vof / lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof jfx]s c? s]xL s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbof}+ t < ;ldlt cfkm' tof/ eO{;s]kl5 /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx? / hgk|ltlglwx?nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf /fv]/ :yfgLo lgsfo / :yfgLo txsf aLrdf km/s s] xf] < lhNnfsf] cj:yf s] xf] < eGg] laifodf 5nkmn eof] ls ePg < jf xfdLn] klxn]g} of] lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns lsQfsf6 u/f}+ eg]/ laifosf] p7fg u¥of}+ <

To;kl5 /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx? / hgk|ltlglwx?sf laraf6 cfPsf] df]6fdf]6L vfsfnfO{ ;/sf/L sfof{nosf k|d'vx?;+u / nfdf] ;dob]lv PSn}n] lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]/ cfPsf ufpF lasf; ;ldltsf ;lrjx?;+u a;]/ 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{ lyof] . clxn] ufla; ;lrjx? hgk|ltlglwsf] ;d]t sfd ul//x]sf 5g . ufla;sf] e'uf]nsf] elnefFtL cWoog u/]sf 5g, k|fs[lts >f]tx?;+u /fd|/L kl/lrt 5g . pgLx?nfO{ ;xeflu u/fO{g' kg]{ lyof] . laifout sfof{nosf k|d'vx?;+u laifout ;'emfj dfUg' kg]{ lyof], ufla; ;lrjx?;+u cfjZos ;"rgf dfUg' kg]{ lyof] . Tof]  r/0f xfdLn] k'/f u¥of}+ t <

t]>f] r/0fdf gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx?;+u k/fdz{ ug'{ kg]{ lyof] . gful/s ;dfhnfO{ klg :yfgLo lgsfo / :yfgLo txaLrdf leGgtf s] xf] Tof] jf/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ lyof] . pgLx?;+u klg sfo{z{t / sfo{lalwåf/f lglb{i6 cfwf/x?sf] laifodf 5nkmn x'g' kg]{ lyof] . o:t} lhNnfsf ;~rf/sdL{x?;+u klg 5nkmn x'g' kg]{ lyof] . k'g;{+/rgfsf] dxTj ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ klg a'emfpg' kg]{ lyof] / pgLx?sf] ;xof]u klg xfl;n ug{ ;Sg' kg]{ lyof], Tof] klg ePg .

lo ;j};+u ;Nnfx, 5nkmn, k/fdz{ ul/;s]kl5 cfPsf ;'emfjsf cfwf/df ;ldltn] vfsf tof/ u/]/ lhNnf:t/Lo a[xt k/fdz{ sfo{zfnfdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ lyof] . ToxfF b'O{ ldg]6df tfnL jhfpg c¥xfpg] xf]O{g, uxg 5nkmn x'g' kg]{ lyof] . Tof] x'g ;Sof] ls ;s]g < sfo{lalwdf tf]s]sf ;j} If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g ;Sof] ls ;s]g sfo{zfnfdf < ;xeflux?n] cfkm\gf] larf/k|i6 ?kdf /fVg] jftfj/0f kfP ls kfPgg\ . s'g} klg sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?n] tTsfn k|ltlqmof hgfpFb}gg\ eGg] yfx x'Fbfx'Fb} klg b'O{ ldg]6 glaTb} tfnL jhfpg nufpg] cfof]hsx?sf] lgot s] xf] <

n dfgf} Tof] klg eof], lhNnf:t/Lo k/fdz{ sfo{zfnfn] kf; u¥of] /] . kf; u/]sf] vfsf :yfgLo:t/df nluof] t < sfo{lalw cg';f/ lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ljf6 clGtd ?k kfPsf] vfsfnfO{ O{nfsf:t/df :yfgLo sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/L k/fdz{ lng' kg]{ lyof] . pQm k/fdz{ uf]i7Ldf ;DjlGwt O{nfsfdf kg]{ ;flassf ufla;sf ;j} /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?, k"j{ O{nfsf ;b:ox?, O{nfsf:t/Lo sfof{no sf k|ltlglwx?, ufla; ;lrjx?, ;fdflhs kl/rfnsx?, lzIf0f ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?, pBf]uL÷Jofkf/Lx?, dlxnf, blnt hghftLsf k|ltlglwx?, :yfgLo a'l4hLjLx?, k"j{ hgk|ltlglwx? ;j}nfO{ ;xeflu u/fO{g' kg]{ lyof] . pgLx?nfO{ klg k'g;{+/rgfsf] dxTj a'emfO{g' kg]{ lyof] . vfsfdf Jofks 5nkmn ug{ nufO{g' kg]{ lyof] . j8fsf] l;dfÍg ug{ nufO{g' kg]{ lyof] . eof] t o:tf] < ævfsf kf; eof], s;}sf] ladlt 5}g, ;j}nfO{ wGojfb 5, cj xfdL l;kmfl/; u/]/ k7fpF5f}+ .Æ sf] ;+u k/fdz{ ug'{ eof] / tkfO{n] ;'emfj cfj;\, ladlt cfj;\ <

of] eof] sfo{lalwsf] s'/f cyf{t s;/L xfdLn] sfd u¥of}+ eGg] s'/f, cj yf]/} sfo{zt{sf] cyf{t s] eof] eGg]df klg s'/f u/f}+ . o; cl3 cfof]un] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ 8f]6L lhNnfdf ^ j6f dfq} :yfgLo lgsfo jGg] lyof] . xfdLn] Tof] s'/f dfg]gf}+, xfdLnfO{ !! rflxof] cyf{t ;fljssf !! O{nfsfnfO{ !! :yfgLo tx jgfO{g' kg]{ eg]/ ;'emfj k7fof}+ . jf:tjdf clxn]sf] of] lsQfsf6 eGbf Tof] g} a}1flgs lyof] / 8f]6Lsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ Tof] cfjZos klg lyof] t/ xfdL cfkm\gf] c8fgjf6 lrlKnof}+ .

clxn] xfdLn] o:tf] vfsfdf ;j{;Ddlt ePsf] k|rf/ ub}{5f}+ h'g vfsf sfo{zt{sf lx;fjn], e'uf]nsf lx;fjn], hg;+Vofsf lx;fjn], k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwgdfyLsf] kx'Frsf lx;fjn] s'g} klg lx;fjn] pko'Qm 5}g . @@ xhf/ hg;+Vof x'g' kg]{ 7fpFdf xfdLn] !^ xhf/ dfq} jgfof}+, j8fsf] hg;+Vof #@)) x'g' kg]{df xfdLn] !*)) jgfof}+ . glhssf] j8fnfO{ 6f9f nUof}+, 6f9fsf] j8f glhs Nofof}+ . k|fs[lts >f]tx?sf] cj:yf s] xf], eGg]df xfdLn] s'g} cWoogg} u/]gf}+ . xfdLn] @)%$ ;fnsf] lgjf{rgdf kfPsf] dtnfO{ cfwf/ jgfP/ :yfgLo tx jgfpg] k|oTg u¥of}+ . cfd dtbftfnfO{ xfdLn] of] jf Tof] kf6L{sf] sfo{stf{sf] Jojxf/ u¥of}+ .

Pp6f egfO{ 5 æConstitution vs. divine right of kingÆ cyf{t ;+lawfg la?4 /fhfsf] b}ljs zlQm . To:t} eof] :yfgLo tx k'g;{+/rgfdf . oxfF ;+lawfg la?4 b}las zlQm /fhgLlts bnx?n] kfP . sfo{zt{ Psflt/, sfo{lalw csf]{lt/ . h;sf nflu :yfgLo tx agfO{b}5, h;nfO{ st} hf]l8b}+5 jf st}jf6 cnu ul/Fb}5, h;nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+lawfgn] ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg eG5 lt JolQmx?nfO{ cj yfx x'g]5 la:tf/} pgLx? s'g :yfgLo txaf6 ;]jf kfpg] eP eGg] s'/fx? . pgLx?sf] O{R5f, pgLx?sf] rfxgf, pgLx?sf] ;'udtf ;j} s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] ;d;fg 3f6df nu]/ hnfPgf}+, bkmg u¥of}+ .

Ps÷b'O{ dfq} pbfx/0f oxfF /fVg ;fGble{s xf]nf, jun]s ufla;sf] j8f g+= ^ jf6 lkmtf lnP/ gfKg] xf] eg] klg, ;'udtfsf lx;fjn] klg, pgLx?sf] rfxgfsf lx;fjn] klg, ;DjGwsf lx;fjn] klg / lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf] k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwg;+usf] ;DjGwsf lx;fjn] klg l;nu9Ld} hf]l8g' kYof]{, Tof] ;j}nfO{ yfx 5 klg t/ xfdLn] d'VonL hf]ufpg' kg]{, xfdLn] clxn] klg cfGtl/s cf}klgj]z sfod} /fVg' kg]{ ePsf sf/0f hfgL hfgL cGofo u¥of}+ . o:tf y'k|} ;d:of 5g . of] Pp6f dfq} pbfx/0f xf] .

csf]{ Pp6f pbfx/0f xfdLn] jgfPsf] lzv/ gu/kflnsfsf] 5 . gu/sf] cGt/fli6«o kl/efiff lasl;t 7fpF xf] . hj ufpFx? lasl;t x'G5g, cfwf/e't cfjZostf / cltl/Qm cfjZostf ;DjlGw ;]jfx? e/k'/ ?kdf pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 Tof] gu/ jf zx/ xf] . zx/df a:g] hgtfsf cfjZostf, rfxgfx? / ufpFdf a:g] hgtfsf cfjZostf rfxgfx? km/s x'G5g . h:t} zx/df a;f]jf; ug]{sf nflu 9n lgsf; rflxG5 t/ ufpFdf a:g]sf nflu l;+rfO{ s'nf] rflxG5 . zx/df a:g] dfG5]x? ;do s;/L latfpg] eGg] lrGtfdf x'G5g t/ ufpFdf a:g]x? v]tL ug{sf nfuL ;do sxfF kfpF eGg] lrGtfdf x'G5g . zx/df a:g]x?nfO{ sf/ s'wfpgsf nflu lkr ;8s rflxG5 t/ ufpFdf a:g]x?sf nflu v]tdf uf]? n}hfg uf]/]6f] af6f] rflxG5 .

xfdLn] jgfPsf] vfsfsf] gu/–kflnsfleq a;f]jf; ug]{ hgtfsf cfjZostf / rfxgf ;fFRr} zx/–af;Lx?sf h:tf x'g t < Tof] If]qdf cfwf/e't cfjZostf / cltl/Qm cfjZostf pkof]u ug{ ldNg] x'g t < hxfF clxn] klg vfg]kfgL 5}g, laB't 5}g, laBfno 5}g, ;8s 5}g, ;~rf/ 5}g, v]n d}bfg 5}g, :jf:Yo ;]jf 5}g, ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno st} 5}g, ofjt s'/fx? hf] gu/kflnsf jgfpgsf nflu Go"gtd\ zt{ x'g lt s'g} klg 5}gg\, clg xfdL 5ftL km'nfP/ eGb}5f}+ xfdLn] gu/kflsfn jgfof}+ . s]xL ;fyLx?n] ts{ ug'{ eof] æ;'lawf gePsf sf/0fn] t gu/kflnsf jgfof}+, cj ;'lawf x'G5 lg ÛÆ ;fyLx?, ts{ k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x? klg x'g' k5{ ls Û

w]/} 6f9f hfg' kb}{g, xfnsf] lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= *, (, !!, !@ / !$ sf hgtfnfO{ uP/ ;f]Wbf x'G5, pgLx?sf lk8f . æufpFdf a;f]af; ePsf gu/jf;LÆ ePsf] 5 pgLx?sf] klxrfg . gu/kflnsfdf Pglhcf]n] sfd ub}{g eg]/ xfdL u'gf;f] u5f}{+, lsg u5{g Pglhcf]x? gu/df sfd < bftfn] hxfF lakGgtf 5, hxfF r]tgf 5}g, hxfF lasf; ePsf] 5}g, hxfF cefj 5 Tof] 7fpFdf sfd u/ eg]/ cg'bfg lbG5 . gu/ t lasl;t xf], oxfF lsg rflxof] kl/of]hgf < oxL lgolt ePsf] 5 clxn] dfyLsf j8fx?sf] / olx lgolt ef]Ug' kg]{5 gofF pb\3f]if ul/Psf] gu/kflnsfn] klg . oxfF t sDtLdf lhNnf ;b/d'sfd, If]qLo ;b/d'sfd lyof], ToxfF Tof] klg x'g]5}g . clg xfdL s'g} bnsf jf s'g} g]tfsf lk5nUu' eP/ r'krfk al;/x]sf 5f}+, la/f]w ub}{gf}+ t/ kl5 k5'tfp5f}+ .

To;}n] of] k'g;{+/rgf ca}1flgs 5 . o;df ;j}n] c;xdlt hgfcf}+ .

df]km;n kqsfl/tf

k|]; sf8{ lhNnfd} kfpg] Joj:yf x'g'k5{

uf]s0f{ bofn -k|wfg ;Dkfbs_

klZrd lgu/fgL b}lgs, a}t8L

tkfO+{sf] k'/f kl/ro kfpF g <

uf]s0f{ bofn, uf]/vfkq b}lgs, a}t8L l/kf]6{/, klZrd lgu/fgL b}lgs, a}t8Lsf]  k|wfg ;Dkfbs . hGd :yfg >Lsf]6 @, a}t8L, xfn ufFh/L uflj; &, a}t8L .

tkfO{n] lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf /f]Hg' eof] <

d ;'?df ;flxTo ljwfdf snd rnfpFy], vf; u/L uhn ljwf d]/f] dg kg]{ ljifo  xf] . n]Vb} hfFbf kqsfl/tflt/ ?lr a9\of] . dnfO{ kqsfl/tfdf nfUg k|fWofks cfgGbb]j e§n] klg yk k|]/0f lbg'eof] .

slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] <

!@ jif{ eGbf a9L ;do kqsfl/tfdf ljtfO{ ;s]sf] 5' . !) jif{b]lv uf]/vfkqdf a}t8Laf6 lqmofzLn 5' .

s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5 <

hgkIfLo kqsfl/tf

Ps kqsf/ eP/ cfO{kg]{ ;d:ofx? s] s] b]Vg' ePsf] 5 <

;fdflhs r'gf}lt, vf;u/L hgkIfLo kqsfl/tf ubf{ s'/Llt, s';F:sf/ / ;dfhdf zf]if0f u/L /fVg], e|i6frf/ u/L /fVg]x?af6 r'gf}lt 5 . yk of] k]zfdf nfUbf cfly{s ;d:of t 5 g} . 3/ kl/jf/ wfGg d'lZsn 5 .

a}t8Ldf a;]/ kqsfl/tf ug{ / u|fld0f e]usf d'2fnfO{ p7fpg slQsf] ;lhnf] of ufx|f] 5 <

d}n] /fhwfgLaf6 kqsfl/tf k]zf ;'? u/]/ clxn] a}t8Ldf kqsfl/tf u/]sf] !) jif{ eof] . ef}uf]lns ljs6tf, ?9LjfbL k/Dk/f / cGwljZjfn] hsl8Psf] ;dfhdf ;fdflhs d'2fx? p7fpg lgs} r'gf}ltk"0f{ sfd xf] . of] r'gf}lt km]/L klg kqsf/n] g} p7fpg' k5{ .

kqsfl/tfdf /lx/xgsf nfuL gfd, rrf{ jf cfly{s s] sf/0fn] k|]l/t ul/x]sf] 5 <

kqsfl/tf k]zf gfd sdfpg] eGbf klg ;fdflhs bfloTj k'/f ug]{ Ps ;zQm dfWod xf] . of] k]zfdf :jtGqtf 5 . s;}sf] u'nfdL ug'{ kb}{g . dflhs d'2f p7fPkl5 ;dfh ablnPsf] b]Vbf uj{ nfU5 . oxL sf/0fn] of] k]zfdf l6s]sf] 5' .   

tkfO{n] ;~rfng ug'{ ePsf] b}lgs klqsf s:tf] rNb}5 <

klZrd lgu/fgL b}lgs klqsf a}t8Lsf] nf]slk|o klqsf jg]sf] 5 . a}t8L h:tf] lhNnfaf6 b}lgs klqsf k|sfzg ug'{ lgs} r'gf}lt 5 . ljleGg ;fwg >f]tsf] cefjsf afah'b klg klqsf ;+rfng eO{/x]sf] 5 .

df]km;n kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg' knf{ <

;/sf/n] ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ k]zfut / JolQmut ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]06L ug'{ k5{ . df]km;ndf /x]sf kqsf/x?sf] hLjgladf ul/g' k5{ . Psåf/ la1fkgsf] gLlt lnO{g' k5{ . df]km;ndf /x]sf ;~rf/u[xx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{sf nflu ;/sf/n] kxn ug'{ k5{ . df]km;n kqsfl/tfsf] nflu 5'§} gLlt jgfpg' h?/L 5 .

df]km;ndf sfo{/t kqsf/x?sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5  <

dxf;+3n] a]nf a]nfdf of] ljifodf cfjfh p7fpFb} cfPklg ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

df]km;nsf ;~rf/dfWod / ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] xs lxtsf nflu kqsf/x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

k]zut pQ/bfloTj eGbf klg /fhgLlts ?kdf a9L cu|;/ b]lvG5g\ .

tkfOsf] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <

kqsfl/tf ;dfhsf] P]gf xf] . sDan cf]8]/ 3\o' vfg]x? slxn]sfxL cg'xf/ gk'l5 of] P]gfsf] cufl8 kbf{ P]gfnfO{ bf]if lbG5g\ . lsgsL of] P]gfn] s;sf] cg'xf/ s:tf] eg]/ k|i6 b]vfO{lbG5 .

clxn] kqsfl/tf If]q jb\gfldt x'Fb}5, kqsfl/tf If]qdf nfu]s}x?n] lbpF;} hfF8 vfP/ xNnf ug]{, cfkm'nfO{ 5'§} b'lgFofsf] dfG5] 7fGg], ;dfrf/nfO{ lnP/ df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{ h:tf k|j[lQx? klg b]lvPsf 5g eGg] cf/f]k 5 nfUg] u/]sf] 5, a}t8Lsf] cj:yf s:tf]] 5 <

a}t8Ldf clxn];Dd o:tf ljs[lt cfPsf] h:tf] d]/f] hfgsf/Ldf 5}g . a}t8Ldf TolQ w]/} ldl8ofsf] ljsf; klg ePsf] 5}g . a}t8Lsf] kqsfl/tfdf gj k|j]zL o'jfx? 5g\ . hf], lgs} cg'zfl;t 5g\ . hxfF;Dd hfF8sf] s'/f 5, dfG5]sf] gLlh b'lgofFsf ljifodf d s'g} l6sf l6Kk0fL ulb{g . of] k]zfdf ;'? ;'?df h] pT;fx x'G5, Tof] cg';f/ cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ x'g', ;dfrf/sf] ljifodf ef]lug] tgfj, cefj, bjfj / k|efjdf k/]/ slxn] sfFxL ;fyLx? gLlh hLjgdf axlsg] u/]sf] b]v]sf] 5' . Tof] ;du| 7fpFdf o:tf s]xL k|j[lQ b]lvG5g\ . kqsfl/tfsf] wd{ cg';f/ snd rnfpGh]n dfq s'g} klg JolQm kqsf/ xf] . cfd a]nf pm gful/s ;/x xf] .

tkfO{ slQsf] nfUg' ef 5 o:tf s'/fx?df <

unt sfd ug]{x?, vf;u/L e|i6frf/ ug]{x? kqsf/nfO{ vfglkg u/fP/ cfkm\gf kIfdf kfg{ vf]H5g\ . of] s'/faf6 d ;hu 5' .

df]km;n kqsfl/tf If]qdf ;'wf/sf nflu tkfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ s] ;'emfj lbg rfxfg'x'G5 <

nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkgdf ljz]if k|fyldtf lbg' k5{ . k|]; sf8{ lhNnfaf6} pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ug'{ k5{ . ljb]z e|d0f u/fpFbf df]km;nsf kqsf/nfO{ klg 5gf}6 ug' k5{ .

;do / ;Dafbsf nfuL wGoafb .

cfkm\gf s'/f /fVg] df}sf lbg'ePsf] df oxfF / ljDa ;fKtflxsnfO{ w]/} w]/} wGojfb .

nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] tof/Lsf nflu pkof]uL

!= xKtfsf] ^ lbg aUg] / ! lbg gaUg] glb ædncfdfÆ xf] .

@= Pp6} gfdaf6 @ lt/ aUg] g]kfnsf] Psdfq glb æ/fKtLÆ xf] .

#= g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] glb æ;Ktsf]zLÆ xf] eg] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] lxdglb ænfª6fªÆ xf] .

$= g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] glb æs0ff{nLÆ xf] . o;sf] nDafO{ %)& ls=dL /x]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] lxdglb æv'Da'Æ xf], h;sf] s'n nDafO{ #@ ls=dL /x]sf] 5 .

%= tLg lt/af6 glbn] l;dfgf 5'§fPsf] lhNnf æcf]vn9'ËfÆ xf] .

^= rLgsf] dfg;/f]j/af6 k|efljt x'Fb} cfPsf] glb ælqz'nLÆ xf] .

&= zflnu|fd kfO{g] Psdfq glb æsfnLu08sLÆ xf] .

*= dxfsfnL glbnfO{ ef/tdf k'u]kl5 æzf/bfÆ glbsf] gfdåf/f lrlgG5 .

(= ;a}eGbf cUnf] :yfgaf6 aUg] glb æc?0fÆ xf] .

w/ftnsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] juL{s/0f

!= w/ftnsf] cfwf/df g]kfnnfO{ slt efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 < – #, -lxdfn,kxf8 / t/fO{_

@= lxdfnL k|b]z ;d'› ;txaf6 slt slt prfOdf cjl:yt 5 <

– $*&& b]lv **$* ld6/;Dd

#= lxdfnL k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] slt k|ltzt e"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 < — !% k|ltzt

$= lxdfnL k|b]zdf slt lhNnf kb{5g < — !^ lhNnf

%= lxdfnL k|b]znfO{ s'g s'g # efudf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 <

– d'Vo lxdfno, leqL lxdfno / l;dfGt lxdfno

^= kxf8L k|b]z ;d'› ;txaf6 slt slt prfOdf cjl:yt 5 < – ^!)—$*&& ld6/;Dd

&= kxf8L k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] slt k|ltzt e"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 <  — ^* k|ltzt

*= kxf8L k|b]zdf slt lhNnf kb{5g <  — #( lhNnf

(= kxf8L k|b]znfO{ s'g s'g # efudf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 <  

— l;jflns >]0fL, dxfef/t kj{t / dWoe"ld

!)= t/fO{ k|b]z ;d'› ;txaf6 slt slt prfOdf cjl:yt 5 <   — &)—^!) dL6/

!!= t/fO{ k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] slt k|ltzt e"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 <  — !& k|ltzt

!@= t/fO{ k|b]zsf] km}nfj6 slt 5 <  — @%b]lv #) lsnf]ld6/;Dd

ljZj lslt{dfgdf g]kfn

!= ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/ M ;u/dfyf -**$* ld6/_

@= ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr prfOsf] wfgv]tL M h'Dnf lhNnfsf] kt/f;L uflj;sf] 3'drf}/ lhpnf]df ul/g] æh'lDn df;L{Æ gfdsf] wfgv]tL -@*%) ld6/ prfO_

#= ljZjsf] ;jf{lws ulx/f] uN5L M DofUbL lhNnfsf] bfgf eGg] 7fpFdf kg]{ cGgk'0f{ / wf}nflu/L lxdfnsf] lardf sfnLu08sL gbLn] agfPsf] ^*^& ld6/ ulx/f] uN5L

$= ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] tfn M

— dgfª lhNnfsf] ltlnrf] tfn -$(!( ld6/ prfO_

%= xf]rf] pkTosf M c?0f pkTosf -k"j{df *%*^ ld6/ cUnf] s~rgh+3f / klZrddf **$* ld6/ cUnf] ;u/dfyfsf] aLrdf kg]{ pkTosf_

^= ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] /fli6«o lgs'~h M ;u/dfyf /fli6«o lgs'~h

&= clåtLo r/f M sfF8] Eofs'/ -:kfOgL Aofan/_

*= b'n{e Rofp M 6«oflkmgf g]kfn]lG;;

(= ;jf]{Rr :yfgaf6 pTklQ ePsf] gbL M c?0f gbL

!)= ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] em/gf M

—8f]Nkf lhNnfl:yt ;'lnu9 em/gf -#^!# ld6/ prfOdf_

!!= ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] a:tL M 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] 5fsf{ ef]6 / t/fk a:tL

!@= ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] xf]6n M ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfsf] gfDr]ahf/ l:yt !@&!# lkm6 prfOdf /x]sf] æxf]6n Pe/]i6 Eo'Æ

!#= ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] j}1flgs k|of]uzfnf M k"jL{ g]kfnsf] nf]j'r] eGg] 7fpFdf /x]sf] %)%) ld6/sf] prfOdf /x]sf] lk/fld8 gfds j}1flgs k|of]uzfnf

!$= ljZjsf] ;jf{lws prfOdf kfOg] km"n M :6]nl/of 8]s'Da]g -^$(@ ld6/sf] prfOdf_

!%= g]kfnsf] s"n 5]qkmn !$&!*! ju{ lsnf]ld6/ 5 .

!^= g]kfnn] ljZjsf] s"n If]qkmnsf] )=)# / Pl;of dxfb]zsf] )=# k|ltzt efu cf]u6]sf] 5 .

!&= g]kfn *) l8u|L $ ldg]6 k"jL{ b]zfGt/b]lv ** l8u|L !@ ldg]6 k"jL{ b]zfGt/ tyf @^ l8u|L @@ ldg]6 pQ/L cIff+zb]lv #) l8u|L @& ldg]6 pQ/L cIff+zaLr cjl:yt 5 .

!*= g]kfnsf] cf};t nDafO{ **% lsnf]ld6/ / rf}8fO{ !(# lsnf]ld6/ 5 . o;sf] ;aeGbf a9L rf}8fO{ @$! lsnf]ld6/ / ;aeGbf sd rf}8fO{ !$% lsnf]ld6/ 5 .

!(= g]kfnsf] k|dfl0fs ;do uf}/Lz+s/ lxdfnnfO{ sf6]/ uPsf] *^ l8u|L !% ldg]6 k"jL{ b]zfGt/ /]vfsf cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

@)= of] k|fdfl0fs ;do lu|gjLr ;do eGbf % 306f @$ ldg]6 l56f] 5 . of] ;do @)$@ j}zfv ! b]lv nfu" ul/Psf] xf] .

;flxTo÷;[hgf

d]/f] eujfg

cfF cfF ub}{

klxnf] k6s

d}n] l;s]sf] zAb xf]

cfdf

d}n] u/]sf] klxnf] :kz{

cfdfnfO{ xf] .

ofb 5 dnfO{

cfˆgf] efUfsf] eGbf

cfdfsf] efusf]

dL7f] nfUYof] .

d]nfkftaf6 yfs]/

3/ k:bf d ;tfpFy]

3'sf{pFy] cfdfnfO{

pxfF d]/f] 3'sL{b]lv /dfpg' x'GYof]

/ ;f/f ysfg lal;{P/

dnfO{ sfvdf /fvL

;'D;'dfpg' x'GYof]

sfv}df lgbfpFy] d .

af]s]/

dgel/ kL8fsf] kxf8

cefjsf] sfnf]

afbn;Ë s':tL v]nL

dnfO{ x;fpg'x'GYof]

d]/f] v'zL g} cfdfsf]

hLjg lyof] .

a'l‰bg lyPF d e'/L

cfdfsf 3'DtLh:tf b'Mvx?

j;

k]6el/ vfg kfP

sfvdf n'6'Ss

lgbfpg kfP

k'UYof] dnfO{ .

d aRrL 5}g ca

lxhf]h:tf]

cfdfnfO{ ;tfpg' x'Gg eGy]

a'em5' / klg ;tfp5' .

cfdfsf ysfg /

kL8fx?b]lv

d cfkm} klg

b'MvL x'G5'

t/ dnfO{ d]/L cfdf

cem} klg

aRrL g} b]Vg' x'G5

km'RrL g} b]Vg' x'G5

clxn] klg

d]/f] ef]ss} lrGtf 5

d]/f] ;'/Iffs} lrGtf 5 pxfFnfO{ .

d]/f] ;kmntfdf

deGbf a9L v';L x'g'x'G5

d]/f] c;kmntfdf

deGbf a9L b':vL x'g'x'G5 .

;ayf]s x]g{ ;S5'

d ;lSbg x]g{

cfdfsf cfFvfdf cfF;' .

d]/f] eujfg g} d]/L cfdf x'g

cfdf gePsL eP

d}n] s;nfO{ eujfg dfGy], s'lGg <

O{Zj/L sfsL{ æaiff{Ú

;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg

u'?Ë knlDjË ;]06/

lar ahf/, /fwfs[i0f dlGb/ glhs, l;nu9L, 8f]6L xfd|f] oxfF UofF;, luh/ h8fg, 9n lgsf; ;DjlGw sfd, knDj/ ;DjlGw ;fdfg kfpg'sf] ;fy} knDj/sf] klg Joj:yf 5 .

k|f]= ;lag u'?Ë

;Dks{ M (*!#@$&^)$, (*^*$^$*&)