बिम्ब नेपाली साप्ताहिक, मिति २०७१ साल चैत्र २४ गते मंगलवार ।

cfk\mgf] If]dtfsf] klxrfg u/f}+ / b]z lgdf{0fsf nflu o;sf] pkof]u u/f}+ .

g]kfn ;/sf/

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

d'Vo ;dfrf/

b'O{ aif{df sf/ r9\g] ;]jssf] ;kgf

laxfg} p7\g], lgTosd{ ug]{, clg jf/Ldf uP/ t/sf/L uf]8\g], l;+rfO{ ug]{, jf/L vGg] o:t} sfddf Jo:t 5g e/t jf]x/f æ;]jsÆ .

tTsfnLg g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] @)%@ ;fndf ;'? u/]sf] ;z:q ;+3if{sf qmddf @)^) ;fnb]lv e'ldut hLjg latfPsf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf e/t jf]x/f æ;]jsÆ clxn] t/sf/L v]tLdf nfu]sf 5g . 8f]6Lsf] u}/fufpF ufla;–@ hGd]sf af]x/fn] t/sf/L v]tLjf6 ePsf] cfDbfgLn] b'O{ aif{df sf/ r9\g] of]hgf agfPsf 5g .

dfcf]jfbL ;z:q ;+3if{sf qmdsf o'4 kqsf/sf] e'ldsfdf k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf eP . ;+;f/ abNg] nIfsf ;fy o'4df nfu]sf pgL clxn] cfkm\gf] hLjgz}nL km]g]{ cEof;df 5g . pgn] eg] æof] ;dfh, b]z abN5' eg]/ nfluof], rfx] h;/L abNg ;lsPg t/ ca cfkm\gf] hLjg rfx] h;/L abN5' t/sf/L v]tLaf6 b'O{ aif{df ePsf] cfDbfgLn] ca sf/ r9\g] ;f]r]sf] 5', x]/f}F s] x'G5 .Æ

8f]6Lsf] rlr{t gLlh laBfno kljq cfjfzLo pRr dfWoflds laBfnodf sIff–* df k9\bf pgL e'ldut eP . æk9fO{df lgs} t]lhnf /x]sf afns lsg e'ldut eP5 <Æ eGg] s'/fx? ;'lgPsf lyP . æ;dfhdf ePsf laleGg lae]b\x?sf] cGTo ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ cfkm' k9fO{ 5f]8]/ kf6L{df nfluof]Æ pgL jtfpF5g .

e'ldut sfndf tLg k6s d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sf pgL jfFr]/ cfw'lgs ;+;f/sf] cg'ej ug{ kfPsf] jtfpF5g . pgL eG5g æHofgsf] jfhL nufP/ h;/L o'4 nl8of] Tof] cg';f/sf] pknJwL ePg .Æ @)^# ;fndf o'4la/fdsf] 3f]if0ff ePkl5 s}nfnLdf vf]lnPsf] kf6L{ sfof{nodf al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf pgLdfyL cfqmd0f eof] . pQm cfqmd0fsf qmddf pgnfO{ k|xf/ u/]sf] v's'/Ljf6 ulDe/ rf]6 cfof] . pkrf/sf qmddf pgnfO{ lk7\o'df @@ 6fFsf nufpg' k/]sf] lyof] .

kf6L{ zflGt k|lqmofdf cfPkl5 pgn] km]/L kqsfl/tf ;'? u/] . ;]tL cfjfh ;fKtflxs klqsfsf] k|sfzs÷ ;Dkfbs / uf]/vfkq b}lgs nufot laleGg ;~rf/dfWoddf pgn] 8f]6Ljf6 l/kf]l6{Ë klg u/] . kf6L{ v'nf x'g] lalQs} pgn] cfkm\gf] cf}krfl/s k9fO{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP . clxn] pgn] :gfts txsf] k9fO{ ;d]t k'/f ul/;s]sf 5g .

Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] 8f]6L lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:o /x]sf pgn] clxn] eg] t/sf/L Joj;fodf Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf 5g . lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf– ! df !) /f]kgLdf t/sf/L v]tL ub}{ cfPsf 5g . pgn] eg] æclxn] !) /f]kgLdf ub}{ cfPsf] 5', gofF aif{ b]lv yk @) /f]kgL ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf] 5' .Æ %) /f]kgL;Dddf t/sf/L v]tL ug]{ pgsf] of]hgf 5 . pgsf] af/Ldf clxn]  6df6/, sfFqmf, nf}sf, e]08L, v';f{gL, d'nf, wgLof, Wo"l;dL, ef06f hftsf t/sf/L 5g . pgL k|f+ufl/s t/sf/L pTkfbg ub}{ 5g .

k"j{ ;ef;b\ v]d jdsf] k|]/0ffjf6 o'4df xf]ldPsf jf]x/f e'ldut hLjgdf æ;]jsÆ sf] gfdaf6 kl/lrt lyP . clxn] klg w}/}n] ;]js eg]/ g} lrGg] u5{g . ;]js o'4sfndf clvn qmflGtsf/L laBfyL{ ;+u7gsf lhNnf ;lrj ;d]t ePsf lyP . b'O{ aif{df t/sf/Laf6 ePsf] cfDbfgLn] sf/ lsGg] ;lsg] pgsf] laZjf; 5 . qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;d]t /x]sf af]x/f clxn] lbge/ t/sf/L af/Ldf Ao:t 5g . pgn] eg] æd ls;fgsf] 5f]/f s[lif u5'{, dnfO{ s'g} b'v];f] 5}g, t/sf/L af/Ldf k'Ubf cfgGb cfpF5 .Æ

;]js cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ gfkmfsf] lhGbuL eGg ?rfp5g . pgL eG5g æd]/f] lhGbuL eg]sf] gfkmfsf] lhGbuL xf], lxhf] o'4df Hofg xTs]nfdf /fv]/ lxg]sf] xf], ;+u}sf sof}F ;fyLx? ToxL zfxbt k|fKt u/] .Æ @)^! ;fn kmfu'g # ut] n8fu8f ufla;sf]        gf/Lbfªdf ePsf] 36gf ;Demb} eG5g æTo; lbg em08} Hofg u};s]sf] lyof], t/ Wjhjxfb'/ rGb æs0ff{nLÆ bfO{sf] zfxbt eof], d afFr] .Æ

Tof] 36gfdf kbf{ cfkm'nfO{ ca afFRg] s'g} ;Deagf 5}g eGg] nfu]sf] pgL jtfpF5g . æ3/kl/jf/, ;fyLefO{ ;lDemPF t/ afFr]Æ pgn] eg] .

x]6f}8f dxflwj]zgaf6 kf6L{n] pTkfbg lau|]8sf] gLlt lnPsfn] pTkfbgtkm{ hf]l8Psf] af]x/f atfpF5g . pgn] eg] ækf6L{n] klg cfly{s lasf;sf] s'/f u/]sf] 5 xfdLn] klg tNnf] txdf pTkfbg / cfly{s lasf;df nfUg h?/L 5 .Æ

jf]x/f;+u} 8f]6L SofDk;sf k|d'v s[i0f s7fot / lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf k"j{ d]o/ Pdfn] g]tf k"0f{ /fh hf]zL klg t/sf/L v]tLdf nfu]sf 5g .

;DkfbsLo

lgZkIf xf]; cfof]u

ut jif{ / o; jif{nfO{ x]bf{ lzIfs ;]jf cfof]un] ult lng yfn]sf] 5 . ut jif{ s/Lj !# xhf/ lzIfssf] :yfoL kbk'lt{ ug{ ;kmn ePsf] cfof]un] o; jif{ km]/L dfla / lgdfla txsf nflu :yfoL kbk'lt{ ug]{ elg la1fkg u/]sf] 5 . of] cfkm}df ;/fxgLo sbd xf] . o;sf nflu cfof]unfO{ wGojfb lbg}k5{ .

cfof]un] gofF la1fkg u/];+u} laleGg l6sfl6Kk0fLx? x'g yfn]sf 5g . ut jif{ u/]sf] la1fkgsf j]nf cfof]un] clVtof/;Dd} wfpg' k/]sf] lyof] . oBkL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cfof]unfO{ lSng lr6 lbPsf] lyof] t/ Pp6f pvfg 5 æxfjf gnfuL kft xlNnGgÆ eGg] Toltj]nf b]lvPsf, ;'lgPsf, elgPsf s'/fx?sf] cj:yf x]bf{ yfx ePs} xf] . y'k|} k|sf/sf rnv]nx? ePsf] s'/f cfPsf lyP . k'/} glthfnfO{g} k|efljt x'g] u/L s]xL gePsf] klg xf]nf t/ xNnf To;} cfpFb}g .

la1fkg u/]sf] 5, cj of] la1fkgn] tf]s]sf] ;dodf lgZkIftfsf ;fy cfof]un] cfkm\gf sfd sf/jfxLx? cuf8L j9fpg' k5{ . cfkm\gf] lgZkIftf, O{dfgbf/Ltf / ;Ifdtf b]vfpg' kg]{ cj:yf x'G5 . To;sf nflu cfof]unfO{ cGo If]qjf6 klg ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ h?/L 5 . @)%@ ;fnsf ePsf] la1fkg @)%( ;fndf cfP/ glthf k|sfzg eP h:tf] x'g' x'Fb}g . ut jif{s} la1fkgdf klg Ps k6s :yflut ug]{ km]/L csf]{ k6s :ylut ug]{ h:tf sfdx? ePsf lyP . cj To:tf] gxf]; .

oBkL @)^# ;fn eGbf ptf l/Qm ePsf xhf/f}+ b/jGbLx? clxn] klg TolQs} yftL /flvPsf] 5 . /fHosf nflu klxrfg eO{;s]sf] Tof] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ cfF6 s;}n] ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ls t c:yfoL lzIfsx?nfO{ cfGtl/s k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg ;Sg' kYof]{ ls t pgLx?nfO{ cjsf; lbg] lxDdt ug{ ;Sg' kYof]{, Tof] b'j} clxn];Dd klg ;/sf/n] ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . hunfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ 3/ dha't jgfp5' eGg] l9kLdf nfu]sf] ;/sf/sf] nfrf/Lkgs} sf/0f clxn];Dd c:yfoL lzIfsx?n] ;d:of v]kL/xg' k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . x'g t ;/sf/n] ;w}+e/L c:yfoL lzIfs kbd} a;]/ sfd ul//fVg' eg]/ jfWosf/L gLlt lnPsf] lyPg c:yfoL lzIfsx?sf nflu . c:yfoL lzIfs kbd} sfd ul//x]sf sltko lzIfsx? :yfoL ePsf 5g, sltn] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] la1fkgsf] k|lt:kwf{jf6 lghfdlt ;]jfdf k|j]z u/]sf 5g, sltn] cGo k]zf Joj;fo ckgfPsf 5g . pgLx?sf] nflu klg af6f] v'nf lyof] .

lgo'QmL lbFb}v]/L ^ dlxgfsf nflu jf csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Ddsf nflu eg]/ lbO{Psf] x'G5 . Tof] lgo'QmL cg';f/g} pgLx?n] csf]{ Joj:yf ePkl5 3/ hfg' kg]{ cj:yf lyof] . t/ klg Dofb yk ub}{ cuf8L a9fpFb} ubf{ pgLx?nfO{ klg :yfloTj x'g] x'g] cfz knfpg' :jefljs} lyof] . clxn] cfP/ Tof] cfzf klg lg/fzfdf ablnPsf] 5 . klxn]g} :yfoL la1fkg u/]/ kbk'lt{ ul/lbPsf] eP ;fob of] ;d:of cfpg] lyPg .

h] xf]; lautsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg gu/]/} ePklg @)^# ;fn otfsf l/Qm kbx?df :yfoL kbk'lt{ ug]{ nIfsf ;fy km]/L Ps k6s la1fkg k|sfzg u/]sf] 5 . of] la1fkgnfO{ ;fy{s kl/0ffddf k'¥ofpgsf nflu cfof]u ;kmn xf]; eGg] z'esfdgf 5 .

yk ;dfrf/

zf}rfno agfpg ufla;sf] kq

zf}rfno lgdf{0f gug]{ 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ ufla;n] kq sf6\g yfn]sf] 5 . ltvfQ/ tyf /fgfufpF ufla;df zf}rfno lgdf{0f gug]{ 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ kq sfl6Psf] ufla; ;lrj lbk]Gb| zfxn] atfP .

8f]6L lhNnfdf ufpF lasf; ;ldltnfO{ v'nf lbzfF d'Qm ufla; 3f]if0ff ug]{ qmd rln/x]sf a]nf afFsL /x]sf ufla;x? klg zf}rfno lgdf{0f ug]{ /  v'nf lbzfFd'Qm 3f]if0ff ug{sf nfuL ;lqmo ePsf 5g .

ltvfQ/ / /fgfufpF ufla;df ;lrjsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNb} cfPsf ;lrj lbk]Gb| zfxn] eg] æzf}rfno lgdf{0f  gug]{ 3/nfO{ kq sf6]sf 5f}F, agfpg ;Sg] cfly{s x}l;otsf AolQmn] klg zf}rfno lgdf{0f  u/]sf 5}g, To;}n] ufla;af6 kfO{g] ;]jf ;'lawfaf6 klg al~rt ug]{ eg]sf 5f}F .Æ zfxn] yk] æ;s/fTds sfdsf nfuL bjfa lbg' kg]]{ h?/L x'Fbf] /x]5 .Æ

/fgfufpF / ltvfQ/ ufla;df clwsf+z 3/df zf}rfno lgdf{0f ePsf] ePklg s]xL dfq} zf}rfno aGg afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ltvfQ/df @) / /fgfufpFdf !# dfq} zf}rfno aGg afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;lrj zfxn] eg] æolQ yf]/} zf}rfnon] dfq 3f]if0ffsf sfo{qmd /f]lsPsf] 5, gafpg]nfO{ kq sfl6Psf] 5 ca ;j}n] nuQ} zf}rfno jgfpF5g xf]nf .Æ

ufla;af6 k7fO{Psf] kqdf pNn]v 5 æo; ufla;nfO{ a}zfv klxnf] xKtfdf v'nf lbzfFd'Qm 3f]if0ff ug]{ sfo{qmd 5 tkfO{sf] 3/df zf}rfno 5}g t'?Gt} lgdf0f{ ug'{ xf]nf cGoyf ufla;af6 kfO{g] ;]jf ;'lawf /f]Ssf ul/g] 5 .Æ

8f]6L lhNnfsf %) ufla;dWo] $$ ufla; v'nf lbzfF d'Qm ePsf 5g . skNn]sL ufla; zlgaf/ v'nf lbzfFd'Qm ePkl5 ^ cf]6f ufla; / Ps gu/kflnsf afFsL /x]sf 5g .

;'/]Gb|n] kfP d~rsf] ;xof]u

n hubLz /f]sfof÷aemfª

      @# r}q

k/f]ksf/L kqsf/ d~rsf] kxndf e}/jgfy uflj; emf]tfdf a:b} cfPsf ljkGg ul/a ;'/]Gb| bdfO{sf] em'k8L ;'wf/sf nflu l6g ;xof]u ePsf] 5 .

laut Ps aif{b]lv e}/jgfy uflj;sf] emf]tfsf] rf}/df lqkfnleq a:b} cfPsf ;'/]Gb|sf] kl/jf/nfO{ d~rsf] kxndf ;+sng u/]sf !# l6g ;f]djf/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf Ps cgf}krfl/s sfo{qmd u/L k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lx/fnfn rf}w/Ljf6 x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . emf]tfdf Ps jif{b]lv lqkfnsf] em'k8Ldf a:b} cfPsf ;'/]Gb|sf] bogLo cj:yf b]v]kl5 k/f]ksf/L kqsf/ d~rn] lhNnfdf ljleGg JolQm / ;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo u/L l6g ;+sng u/]sf] lyof] . d~rsf cWoIf hubLz /f]sfofsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] l6g x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf v'zL xF'b} ;'/]Gb|n] eg] æem'k8Lsf] af; ePsfn] d]/f] kl/jf/nfO{ a:g w]/} ;d:of ePsf] lyof] .Æ pgn] kqsf/x?sf] ;xof]udf l6g pknJw ul/ lbPsf]df w]/} /fxft ePsf] jtfP . …em'k8L ;'wf/sf nfuL uflj; ;fy} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / cGo lgsfo;+u w]/} lbg ;b/d'sfd wfPÚ pgn] eg] …st}jf6 ;xof]u gkfP/ lg/f; ePsf] lyPF t/ k/f]ksf/L kqsf/ d~rn] d]/f] b'vnfO{ dnd nufpgsf nfuL o:tf] ;xof]u u¥of], o;sf nflu wGojfb . uPsf] Ps jif{b]lv e}/jgfy uflj; nf]t'3/ ePsf ;'/]Gb| kl/jf/ emf]tfsf] v'nf rf}/df lqkfnsf] em'k8Lleq a:b} cfPsf] lyof]  .

a'jf afh]sf kfnf b]lv ;'s'Daf;L /x]sf ;'/]Gb| bdfO{sf] kl/jf/ k':tf}+ b]lv ;fx'sf] hldgdf a:b} cfPsf ePklg pgn] lgsfn]kl5 cnkq k/]sf lyP . ckfªu ;d]t /x]sf ;'/]Gb| bdfO{sf >LdtL ;lxt ltg 5f]/L / Ps 5f]/f 5g\ . r/d ul/aLsf sf/0fn] kl/jf/sf ;j}sf]  :jf:Yo cj:yf ;d]t sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 . l6g x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lx/fnfn rf}w/Ln] kqsf/x?n] o;/L lbg b'vLx?sf] ;xof]usf nfuL o:tf] sfd u/]sf]df ;Ddfg ub}{ ;'/]Gb|nfO{ lhljsf]kfh{gsf nfuL ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ cfjZos ePsf] jtfP . pgn] d]xgt u/]/ vfg klg ;'/]Gb|nfO{ ;'emfj lbP .

k/f]ksf/L kqsf/ d~rn] cfXjfg u/]sf] Ps l6g] cleofgdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lx/fnfn rf}w/Ljf6 Ps l6g, k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs lx/f jxfb'/ kf08]n] b'O{ l6g cg';Gwfg clws[t xl/if lai6n] Ps l6g ;fy} o'PdPg aemfª sni6/ jf6 kfFr l6g nufot ;xof]u ePsf] lyof] .

c5fdsf kqsf/x?sf] cfklQ

snfb]aL h};L xTof k|s/0fsf] l/kf]l6Ësf qmddf k|x/Ln] cfkm'x?dfyL b'Ao{jxf/ u/]sf] eGb} lhNnfsf kqsfx?n] cfklQ hgfPsf 5g . sfg'gL pkrf/sf nflu lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no k'u]sf lkl8t;Fu} l/kf]l6ªsf nflu uPsf kqsf/ dfly k|x/Ln] b'Ao{axf/ u/]sf] lyof] .

;"rgfsf nflu cfkm"x? sfof{no leq hfg vf]Hbf jn k|of]u u/]/ ha/h:tL aflx/ ws]lnPsf] eGb} pgLx?n] k|x/Ln] lagf sf/0f cfkm'x? ;Fusf] b'/L a9fpg vf]h]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf] u]6df k'u]sf k|x/L lg/LIfs u0f]z adn] s'g} sf/0f gePklg kLl8t afx]s kqsf/x?nfO{ k|a]z lgif]w ul/Psf] eGb} lhNnfsf kqsf/x?nfO{ leq hfg OGsf/ u/]sf lyP . kLl8tsf kIfdf af]Nbf k|x/Ln] pN6} cfkm'x?;Fu lgx'F vf]Hg] sfd u/]sf] eGb} pkl:yt lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ ;+rf/dfWodsf k|d'vx?n] cfklQ hgfPsf 5g .

k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs g} 36gfdf ;+nUg /x]sf] va/ ;fa{hlgs ePkl5 kqsf/x?n] k|x/Lsf] abgfd u/]sf] eGb} pgLx? cfqmf]lift ePsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . l/kf]l6Ësf nflu k|x/Lsf] u]6leq l5g{ vf}Hbf cfkm'x?nfO{ k|a]z ug{ glbP/ k|x/Ln] ;"rgfsf] xsaf6 al~rt u/fPsf] kqsf/ dxf;+3sf lhNnf ;lra lzj/fh 9'+ufgfn] atfP . cfkm' OG;]s lhNnf k|ltlglw ;d]t ePsf] atfpbf klg leq hfg glbOPsf] atfpFb} ;lrj 9'Ëfn] o:tf] Jojxf/jf6 k|x/Lk|lt emg z+sf plAhPsf] jtfP . l/kf]l6Ësf nflu lhNnfsf PkmPd /]l8of] tyf kqklqsf / /fli6«o ;+rf/dfWodsf kqsf/x? k|x/L sfof{no k'u]sf lyP .

qmflGtsf/L laBfyL{n] a'emfP 1fkgkq

Plss[t gs]kf dfcf]jfbL lgs6 laBfly{ ;+u7g clvn g]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog -qmflGtsf/L_ 8f]6Ln] k|wfgdGqL ;'lzn sf]O{/fnfnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Ldfkm{t k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] ;+u7gsf 8f]6L cWoIf /fd v8sfn] atfP .

;+u7gn] lgwf{l/t ;dodf b]zsf] cfaZostf / lae]bsf cGTo ug{ ;Sg] æklxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+l3o u0ftfGqLsÆ ;+lawfg nfu' ug'{ kg]{, b]zdf e}/x]sf] la/f]huf/ pTkfbgnfO{ Go"g ug{ gofF lzIff / ;a} gful/snfO{ Aoaxf/Ls lzIff lgtL lgwf{/0f ug{ kg]{ ,k9]n]v]sf lzIfLt o'jfnfO{ b]zd} /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06L / k|df0fkqsf] cfwf/df lagflwtf] ;:tf] Aofhdf C0f pknAb ug{ kg]{ /  lzIff ;]jf cfof]u oyflz3| rf8f] vf]Ng / laleGg las6 If]q ;d'bfosf nfuL cf/If0f sf]6f pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ nufPtsf dfu /fVb} 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] xf] .

k|x/L cfkm} x}/fg

kmf]gsf] s'/\/// 306L aH5, k|x/L kf]zfFsdf cfkm\gf] st{Jo lgefO{/x]sf k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] kmf]g p7fpF5g . æho g]kfn lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, 8f]6L, sxfFjf6 sf] jf]Ng' ef xf]nf <Æ t/ ptfjf6 s'g} pQ/ cfpFb}g . eGg'xf]; g sf] jf]Ng' ef xf]nf < km]/L pQ/ cfpFb}g . lsg kmf]g ug'{ ePsf] < dlxnfsf] :j/df ptfjf6 pQ/ cfpF5 ukm ug]{ dg nfu]/ kmf]g u/]sf] .

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf] k|x/L lgoGq0f sIfdf /x]sf] !)) gDj/sf] z'Ns gnfUg] kmf]gdf cfpg] kmf]gx?sf sf/0f k|x/LnfO{ x}/fg agfPsf] 5 .  !)) gDa/sf] 6f]n lk|m gDa/df cfpg] cgfaZos kmf]gn] x}/fgL ug]{ u/]sf] sfof{non] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

k|To]s lbg ;fFem * ah] b]lv /ftL !! ah];Dd o:tf vfnsf w]/} kmf]g cfpg] u/]sf] k|x/Lx? atfp5g . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 8f]6Lsf k|jQmf k|x/L =gfoj pk/LIfs 8Dd/ rGb eG5g æAns snn] x}/fg agfPsf] 5, lsg kmf]g u/]sf] eGbf klg eGb}gg\, kmf]g klg /fVb}gg\, Ao:tdf /fvL lbG5g x}/fg agfp5g .Æ …s'g} lbg lsg kmf]g u/]sf] eGbf ukm ug{ dg nfUof] To;}n] u/]sf] eG5gÚ k|jQmf rGbn] eg] ækmf]g ug]{ clwsf+; o'jtLx? 5g, !$ aif{ b]lv @) aif{sf] pd]/ ;d"xsf o'jtLsf] h:tf] cfjfh nfU5 .Æ kmf]g ug]{ clwsf+;n] Pg;]n sDkgLsf] l;dsf8{ k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g . k|x/L lg/LIfs s07axfb'/ zfxn] eg] ægd:t] / :sfO{sf] gDa/af6 cfPsf] kmf]g t xfdL ;lhn} kQf nufpg ;S5fF} t/ Pg;]nsf] gDa/df cln ufx|f] x'G5 .Æ cfkm'x? cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] zfxn] hfgsf/L lbP . Ans snsf gDa/ ;fa{hlgs ug]{ tof/L  ul//x]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 8f]6Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

s]xL ;do cuf8L klg Ans snsf sf/0f k|x/LnfO{ sfd ug{ ;d:of ePsf] s'/f jflx/ cfPsf] lyof] . s'g} ck/flws 36gf ePsf, eO{/x]sf] jf x'g] ;+s]t b]lvPdf tTsfn vj/ ug{ ;lhnf] xf]; eGgsf nflu /flvPsf] kmf]gdf o:tf cgfjZos kmf]g cfpg yfn]kl5 zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{sf nflu klg ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . 

la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ubf{ alxgLsf] ;Demgf

æ/fhfsf] sfd, slxn] hfnf 3fdÆ plxn] of] pvfg lgs} rrf{df /xg] u/]sf] lyof] . oBkL b]zdf u0ftGq cfO{;s]sf] 5 t/ klg pQm pvfg eg] clxn] klg ;'Gg kfO{G5 .

s]xL ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] l9nf;':tL, sfd ug]{ z}nL / Aojxf/af6 cflht ;]jfu|fxLn] clxn] klg pQm pvfg eGg] u/]sf 5g . pQm cf/f]knfO{ lrg]{ dWosf Ps kfq ag]sf 5g ltvfQ/ pk:jf:Yo rf}sLsf O{~rfh{ x]d axfb'/ af]u6L -lxDdt_ . la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ug'{ ;dfh / la/fdLk|ltsf] bfloTj ePsf] pgsf] a'emfO 5 . :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k'u]sf la/dLnfO{ :jf:Yo ;F:yfd}, uDeL/ vfnsf la/fdL nfO{ 3/d} / ;fFem laxfg cfkm\gf] gLlh lSnlgsdfdf k'u]sf la/fdLsf] pkrf/df Ao:t x'G5g af]u6L .

uu'8f ufla;–! knf8Ldf hGd]sf af]u6L l;PdP cWoog ug]{ To; ufla;sf klxnf AolQm x'g . )%@ ;fndf !# aifL{of axLgL huQ/fsf] pkrf/ cefjsf sf/0f d[To' ePkl5 pgdf :jf:YosdL{ ag]/ ;a}sf] pkrf/ ug]{ ;f]r knfof] . plg eG5g æd k|To]s la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ubf{ cfkm\gL axLgLnfO{ ;DemG5' la/fdLsf] lk8fnfO{ cfkm\g} ;d:of ;lDemP/ pkrf/ ug]{ u5{' To;}n] g} xf]nf ef]s, Kof;, lgGb|fsf] kQ} kfpFb}g .Æ cfkm'n] la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ul/g eg] pgLx?sf] klg axLgLsf] h:t} u/L Hofg hfg ;S5 eGg] pgsf] a'emfO{ /x]sf] 5 .

pd]/n] #! a;Gt kf/ u/]sf af]u6L s]lxn] klg km';{lbnf e]l6Ggg\ . plg;+u s'/f ug{ vf]Hbf ufpFdf la/fdL x]g{ hfFb} u/]sf], d]8Lsndf la/fdLsf] nfO{g ePsf] / :jfYo rf}sLdf la/fdLsf] rfk ePsf] s'/f bzf{p5g .

uu'8f, ltvfQ/ / ;fTkm/Ldf s'g} 7'nf] ;d:of cfpFbf la/fdLn] ;a}eGbf klxnf pg}s} gfd lng] ub{5g . To; If]qdf clwsf+; la/fdLnfO{ pgsf] ;Nnfxf cg';f/ cGoq n}hfg] ul/G5 . ;|f]t ;fwg cefj x'Fbfx'b} klg /fd|f] pkrf/ ug]{ :jf:YosdL{sf] ?kdf To; If]qdf sxlnPsf 5g pgL .

u|fdL0f If]qsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf :jf:YosdL{ 5}gg\ eGg] vj/x? laleGg ;+rf/dfWoddf cfO/xG5g t/ ;]jfu|fxLk|lt  :jfYosdL{n] akmfbf/Lsf ;fy sfd u/]sf va/ la/n} dfqfdf kfO{g] ub{5g .

5f]6s/L ;dfrf/

Pdfn] clwj]zg x'g]

g]skf Pdfn] 8f]6Ln] 8f]6Lsf b'j} lgjf{rg If]qdf If]qLo clwj]zg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

r}q !& ut] ;DkGg ePsf] kf6L{ 8f]6L lhNnf sld6Lsf] a}7sn] r}q @^ ut] lgjf{rg If]q–@ / @( ut] If]q–! sf] clwj]zg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lhNnf ;lrjfno ;b:o uf]/vjxfb'/ ;fsL{n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g . æIf]q–! sf] clwj]zg sflnsf:yfgsf] df}jfdf x'g] ePsf] 5Æ ;fsL{n] eg] æIf]q–@ sf] clwj]zg b'uf{df08f}+sf] jfondf x'g]5 .Æ

clwj]zgdf dlxnf blnt / hghftLsf] xsdf kfFr ;+ul7t ;b:o j/fj/ Ps / cGosf] xsdf !) ;+ul7t ;b:o j/fj/ Ps hgf k|ltlglw /xg] u/L lg0f{o ul/Psf] kf6L{n] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

dzfn k|bz{g

Plss[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf #) bnLo df]rf{ / laKnj g]t[Tjsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] 8f]6Ldf klg ;f]daf/ dzfn h'n'; k|bz{g u/]sf 5g .

o;cl3sf la/f]w k|bz{g– x? ;j} h;f] dfyLjf6 tnlt/ hfg] u/]sf] ePklg ;f]djf/sf] k|bz{g eg] O{Gb|rf]s b]lv ;'? ePsf] dzfn h'n'; lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] rf]sdf k'u]/ sf]0f;ef ub}{ ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

df]rf{n] ;+lawfg lgdf{0fsf] laifonfO{ lnP/ cfh d+unjf/ b]lv tLg lbg g]kfn aGbsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo sfo{qmd cg';f/ 8f]6Ldf klg jGb x'g] Pdfcf]jfbL 8f]6Lsf cWoIf lqnf]rg e§n] jtfP .

n]v

/Qmbfg hLjg bfg

z'ef; >]i7

/Qm ;~rf/sf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ldM

cfh eGbf !(& jif{ klxn] ;g\ !*!* df j]nfotsf 8f=h]D; NjfG8]nn] dg{ nfu]sf] Ps lj/fdLnfO{ dflg;sf] /ut ;~rf/ u/fpg] k|yd k|of; u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !()) df cli6«ofsf 8f= sfn{ n]08]i6]g/n] A, B, O  /Qm ;d"x x'G5 eg]/ kQf nufPsf lyP eg] ;g\ !(!$ df j]NhLodsf 8f= xl:6gn] /utnfO{ z/L/ aflx/ ;f]l8od ;fO{6]«8 /;fogsf] ;xfotfn] jf]tndf ghDg] u/L /fVg ;lsg] tl/sf kQf nufP . ;g\ !(#@ ljZjdf klxnf] /Qm ;+rf/ s]Gb| n]lnguf8{ c:ktfndf ;~rfngdf NofOof] .

g]kfndf /Qm ;+rf/ ;]jfsf] P]ltxfl;s 36gfqmdnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] lj=;= @))) cl3 g} /Qmbfg / o;sf] cfj:ostf jf]w e};s]sf] b]lvG5 . /Qm ;~rf/ ;]jfsf] ;Djw lrlsT;f ;]jf;+u 5 / o; ;]jfsf] cfjZostfsf] dx;'z c:ktfnsf] :yfkgf / Toxf pknJw ;]jf ;'ljwf;+u} xF'b} hfG5 . o; qmddf k/f]ksf/ ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks >L bofjL/ l;+x s+;fsf/n] ;g\ @))) df k|yd k6s jL/ c:ktfndf /Qmbfg u/L g]kfnsf] klxnf] :jo+;]jL /Qmbftf x'g] uf}/j k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 k/f]ksf/ ;+:yfaf6 :jo+;]jL /Qmbftfsf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{ / u|'lkË ug]{ / cfjZostf cg';f/ /Qmbfg ug]{ h:tf dxTjk"0f sfo{ ePsf] kfO{G5 .

tTsfnLg /fhf k[YjL jL/ljqmd zfxb]jsf tLg j6L /fgL dWo dflxnL dxf/fgL lbJo]Zj/L zfxsL h]7L ;'k'qL >L nIdL /fHonIdL b]jL ;g\ @)!! ;fndf c:j:y eO{ /utsf] cfjZostf kbf{ ef/tsf] snsQfaf6 /ut dufP/ /Qm ;+rf/ ul/Psf] O{ltxf; 5 . b'ef{Uoj; To; /utaf6 k|lts'n k|ltlqmof eof] / /ut lbbflbb} @)!! df ^) jif{sf] pd]/df pgsf] lgwg eof] . pko'Qm  /utsf] cefjsf sf/0f /fgLsf] d[To' ePsf] / g]kfndfg} /Qm ;+rf/ s]Gb| ePsf] eP / cfjZostf x'g] ljlQs} ;+sng u/L ;+rf/ ug{ ;lsPsf] eP /fgLsf] hLjg /Iff ug{ ;lsg] lyof] .

pQm b'Mvb 36gfn] g]kfndf /Qm ;+rf/ ;]jfsf] cfjZostf jf]w u/fof] / pko'Qm cj;/sf] k|ltIff /x\of] . lj=;=@)@) df g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf] :yfkgf eP kZrft To;sf] ltg jif{kl5 @)@# ;fndf >L nIdL /fHonIdL b]jLsL sfG5L 5f]/L >L gonkfn      /fHonIdL b]jLaf6 cfkm\gf d'dfsf] gfddf Pp6f lk|mh / ?=!@))). -gub Jn8 j}+s :yfkgfsf] nflu k|bfg ul/of] / jL/ c:ktfn glhs}sf] 6x/faf6 /Qm ;+rf/ ;]jfsf] ljlwjt\ k|f/De ul/of] . o;/L ;'? ul/Psf] g]kfnsf] klxnf] nIdL Jn8 j}+ssf] ljsl;t :j?k g} cfhsf] s]Gb|Lo /Qm ;+rf/ s]Gb| xf] . ;+:yfut ?kdf /Qm ;+rf/ s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{ qmddf /fhf dx]Gb|af6 @)@! ;fndf /Qmbfg ul/Psf] O{ltxf; 5 .

/ut / /utsf] sfo{M

xfd|f] z/L/sf] d'6' / /QmgnLx?df nuftf/ jlu/xg] Ps t/x kbfy{ g} /ut xf] . /utdf $% k|lt;t sf]lzsfx? (cells)  / %% k|lt;t t/n kbfy{ (Liquid Plasma) /x]sf] x'G5 . sf]lzsfx?df /ftf /Qm s0f (RBC), ;]tf /Qms0f (WBC) / Kn]6n]6\; (Platelets) x? x'G5g . ;]tf /Qms0fx?df Go'6«f]lkmn (NUtrophil), O{cl;gf]lkmn (Eosinophil), a];f]lkmn (Basophil) df]gf];fO{6 (Monocyte), lnDkmf];fO{6 (Lymphecyte) x? /x]sf x'G5g . /utsf] t/n efunfO{ KnfHdf elgG5 . o;df kfgL, vlgh, k|f]6Lg, / Snl6«Ë tTjx? 3'lnt cj:yfdf /x]sf x'G5g .

xfd|f] z/L/sf] ;Dk"0f{ c+Ë–k|ToËnfO{ /utsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . /utsf] cfk"lt{ gePdf xfd|f] dl:tis s]jn $ ldg]6df / d'6' ^ 306fdf lgl:qmo x'G5 . /utn] xfd|f] z/L/sf ljleGg c+u tyf efux?df cfjZos kf}li6s tTjx? k'¥ofpg]] sfo{ ub{5 .            /utdf /x]sf] /ftf] /Qms0fn] kmf]S;f]af6 sf]lzsfx?df clS;hg k'¥ofpg] / sf]lzsfx?af6 kmf]S;f];Dd sfj{g8fO{cS;fO{8 kmsf{pg] sfo{ ub{5 . /ut /x]sf] ;]tf] /Qms0fn] ljleGg /f]ux?af6 z/L/sf] /Iff ug{] sfo{ ub{5 . Kn]6n]6\;n] /Qm>fjsf] j]nf /ut /f]Sg] / Snl6«Ë tTjn] /Qm>fj x'bf /ut hdfpg] sfo{ ub{5 . 

/ut dfgj z/L/sf] xf8leqsf] tTj (Bone Marrow) df aGb5 . /ut aGgsf] nflu z/L/nfO{ cfO{/g tTj (Iron), kmf]lns Pl;8 (Folic Acid) / cGo le6fldgx? (Vitamin B12) sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . lo tTjx? xfldn] vfg] vfgfaf6 k|fKt x'G5g . e|'0f cj:yfdf / gjhft lzz'x?sf] z/L/df eg] sn]hf] / lkmof]n] /ut agfpg] sfo{ ub{5 . k'?if of dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfngsf nflu k|lts]hL dfgj z/L/df %) ld=ln= /utsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . t/ k'?ifsf] z/L/df k|lts]hL &^ / dlxnfsf] z/L/df ^^ ld=ln=/ut /x]sf] x'G5 . t;y{ k'?ifx?df k|lts]hL z/L/df @^ / dlxnfsf] k|lts]hL z/L/df !^ ld=ln= /ut a9L jf hu]8fsf] ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . Ps :j:y JolQmn] k|lts]hL z/L/sf] * ld=ln=/ut ;lhn} lbg jf /Qmbfg ug{ ;Sb5 . $% s]hL tf}n ePsf] JolQmsf] z/L/af6 k|lts]hL * ld=ln= /ut lgsfn]sf] v08df #^) ld=ln= /ut lg:sG5 . /Qmbfg ubf{ z/L/af6 Ps lk06 /utsf] nflu #%) ld=ln=dfq /ut  lgsflnG5 . lsgeg] /ut lgsfNbf k|of]u x'g] Jn8 Jofudf %) ld=ln= /ut hDg glbg] /;fog /flvPsf] x'G5 . xfd|f] z/L/df gofF /ut aGg] / k'/fgf] /ut gi6 x'g] k|lqmof lgoldt rln/xG5 . /utsf] cfo' l;l4P kl5 of] cfkm} gi6 eP/ hfG5 . z/L/af6 aflx/ lgsfn]sf] /utnfO{ klg #% lbg eGbf a9L ;'/lIft /fVg ;lsb}g . /ut df /x]sf] /ftf] /Qms0f !@) lbgdf gi6 x'G5 eg], ;]tf] /Qms0f s]xL 306fdf g} / Kn]6n]6\; s]xL lbgdf g} gi6 x'g] ub{5 . o;/L Go"gtd $% s]hL tf}n ePsf JolQmx?n] z/L/df hu]8f /x]sf] /ut c?sf] Hofg arfpg bfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

/Qmbfg M

xfn;Dd j}1flgsx?n] nueu %)) k|sf/sf /Qm ;d'xx? kQf nufO{;s]sf 5g . t/ /Qm ;~rf/ ug{ b'O{j6f ;d"xnfO{ dflgG5 . s_ ABO ;d"x -A, B, AB / O, v_ Rh ;d"x -g]u]l6e / kf]h]l6e ;d'x . log} ;d'x?sf] cfwf/df Ps JolQmn] bfg u/]sf] /ut csf]{ JolQmnfO{ r9fpg] ul/G5 . /Qmbfg ug{ % b]lv & ldg]6dfq nfUb5 / o;sf] s'g} klg c;/ xF'b}g . /Qmbfg ubf{ xfd|f] z/L/sf] hu]8f /utsf] s]xL efu dfq lgsflng] ePsf]n] /Qmbfg ubf{ sdhf]/ eO{G5 eGg] s'/f ldYof e|ddfq xf] . /Qmbfg ul/;s]kl5 h'g;'s} sfd klg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ /Qmbfg u/]sf] s]jn ltg 306fleq w'd|kfg tyf gzfn' kbfy{sf] ;]jg gug{ lrlsT;sx? ;Nnfx lbG5g . /Qm bfg u/L;s]kl5 xfd|f] z/L/df /ut k'gM aGg] k|lqmof ;'? e}xfN5 / :jtM /utsf] cfk'lt{ eO{xfN5 . /Qmbfg ubf{ z/L/af6 sd ePsf] emf]n s]xL 306fdf g} cfkm} cfk'lt{ e}xfN5 h;sf] nflu s'g} ljz]if Wofg k'ofpg' kg]{ jf ljz]if vfgf vfg' kg]{ x'b}g .

jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf /utsf] /Qm tTjx? 5'6\ofP/ cfjZostf d'tfljs lj/fdLnfO{ ;f]em} /Qm tTj g} lbg ;lsg] k|ljlw cfO{;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn /]8qm;sf s]xL Jn8 j}+sx?n] o:tf sfo{x? klg ub}{ cfPsf 5g . x'g t /Qmbfg ug]{sf] z/L/af6 s]jn cfjZos /Qm tTj dfq lgsfNg ;lsg] k|ljlw ;d]t gcfPsf] xf]O{g t/ o;sf klg l;ldttf / s]xL em+eml6nf k|lqmofx? 5g .

sltko b]zx?df /utsf] lsgj]r ;d]t x'G5 . k};fsf] nflu /ut lbg] Joj;flos bftfx? klg 5g eg] cfTd ;Gt'li6sf] nflu sof+} k6s /Qmbfg ug]{ :jo+;]jL /Qmbftfx? klg 5g . k};f lnP/ /Qmbfg ug]{x? nfO{ Joj;flos /Qmbftf (Professional Blood donor) sf] ?kdf lrlgG5 . eljiodf cfkm}nfO{ /ut lbgsf] nflu /Qm bfg ug]{nfO{ c6f]nf]u; /Qmbftf elgG5 eg] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] k|ltkmnsf] k|nf]eg ljgf /Qmbfg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ :jo+;]jL /Qmbftf ( Voluntary Non-remunerated Blood Donor) elgG5 . g]kfndf :jo+;]jL /Qmbftfx?af6 /Qm ;+sng u/]/ lj/fdL jf 3fO{t]nfO{ cfjZostf k/]sf] j]nf c:ktfnsf] dfusf] cfwf/df lgz'Ns ?kdf /ut pknJw u/fO{g] k|fAwfg 5 . g]kfndf /Qm ;~rf/sf] sfo{ ug]{ Pp6} dfq lgsfo g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L xf] . @)$* ;fn r}q @$ ut]af6 g]kfndf /Qm ;~rf/ ;]jf ;~rfngsf] nflu tTsflng g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6LnfO{ Psdfq cflwsfl/s ;+:yfsf] ?kdf lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkPsf] xf] . /]8qm;sf] s'g} klg /Qm ;~rf/ s]Gb|n] lng] z'Ns /utsf] geO{ /ut hf+r ug]{ ls6, /ut /fVg] Jofu, /ut lgsfNg] / lbg] 6«fG;km\o"hg ;]6 ;fy} Joj:yfksLo vr{sf] /sd dfq xf] . /Qmbftfn] lgz'Ns /Qmbfg ub{5g / lj/fdLnfO{ klg lgz'Ns /ut pknJw u/fO{G5 .

/Qmbfg ;+:yfnfO{ geO{ /utsf] cfjZostf ePsf czQm lj/fdL jf 3fO{t] JolQmx?nfO{ ul/Psf] x'G5 .  /Qmbftfn] lbPsf] Ps lk06 /utn] s;}sf] Hofg  arfp5 . cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] /ut s]xL c+zn] s;}n] gof+ hLjg kfp5 eg] Tof] eGbf 7'nf] ;]jf / wd{ s] xf]nf < /Qmbftfn] kfpg] ;j}eGbf 7'nf] k'?:sf/ eg] cfTd ;Gt'li6 g} xf] . To:tf JolQmx? ;w} ;Ddflgt x'G5g / g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L klg :jo+;]jL /Qmbftfx?nfO{ pRr ;Ddfg ub{5 . /Qmbftfn] lbPsf] /utdf ljleGg ;+qmfds /f]ux? -ljz]if u/]/ l;kmln;, PrcfO{eL, x]kf6fO{l6; lj / l;_ gePsf] hfFraf6 ;'lglZrt u/]kl5 dfq lj/fdLnfO{ /ut lbg] ul/G5 . lsgeg] lo /utsf] dfWodaf6 ;g{ ;Sg] k|d'v /f]ux? x'g .

s:tf JolQmn] /Qmbfg ug{ ldN5 / s:tfn] ldNb}gM

/Qmbfg ug{sf] nflu /Qmbftfsf] pd]/ !* jif{ eO{ ^) jif{ ggf3]sf] x'g' k5{ . tf}n slDtdf klg $% s]hL k'u]sf] x'g'kb{5 . x]df]Unf]ljg !@ u|fd jf ;f] eGbf dfly, Jn8 k|];/ !)) / &) b]lv !^) / (% ;Dd, d'6', kmf]S;f], sn]hf] tyf zf/L/sf leqL c+ux?n] ;fdfGo cj:yfdf lqmoflzn /x]sf] x'g'kg]{ x'G5 . 5f/]/f]u, Ifo/f]u, of}g/f]u, dw'd]x, bd, pRr /QmrfFk, d[uf}nfsf] /f]u, d'6'sf] /f]u, PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt JolQmx? ;fy} cGo /f]usf] cf}ifwL ;]jg ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf, c;'/lIft of}g ;DjGw /fVg] JolQmx? Pj+ nfu' cf]ifw b'Jo{;gL JolQmx?n] /Qmbfg ug'{ xF'b}g . Ps k6s /Qmbfg ul/;s]sf] JolQmn] ltg dlxgf kZrft k'gM /Qmbfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L y'k}| k6s lgoldt ?kdf /Qmbfg ug]{ /Qmbftfx? klg lgs} 5g . g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Ln] cfkm\gf] hLjgsfndf slDtdf klg @% k6s;Dd /Qmbfg ug{ rfxg]x?sf] ;d"x agfO{ Snj @% sf] cjwf/0ffaf6 klg lgoldt :jo+;]jL /Qmbftf k|j4{gsf] ultljwL cuf8L a9fO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L lgoldt /Qmbftf x'Fbf lgoldt :jf:Yo hfFr x'g], /Qmbftf cfkm\gf] :jf:Yok|lt ;w}+ ;hu e}/xg] / :jf:YonfO{ xflg k'Ug] s'g} klg Jojxf/ jf s'ntdf gnfUg] ePsf]n] Snj @% sf] ;b:o eP/ lgoldt /Qmbftf x'g'  :jo+ /Qmbftfsf] nflu klg plQs} kmfO{bfhgs /x]sf] 5 . /Qmbfg ;DjGwdf ckmjfxsf] ?kdf /ut lbbf, sdhf]/ eO{g], b'Jnfpg], /f]u ;g]{ cflb h:tf unt cjwf/0ffx? klg ;'Gg cfp5g t/ lo ;j} ldYof s'/fx?sf] e|ddf kg'{ x'Fb}g .     

8f]6Ldf /Qm ;~rf/ ;]jfM

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L 8f]6L lhNnf zfvfn] klg Ps ljlzi6 ;]jf sfo{sf] ?kdf @)^# ;fnaf6 cfkt–sfnLg /Qm ;+rf/ ;]jf k|f/De u/]sf] lyof] . pQm cfktsfnLg /Qm ;+rf/ ;]jfnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;'wf/ tyf ljsf; ug]{  k|of;sf] kmn:j?k zfvfn] Jn8 j}+ssf] cfkm\g} ejg lgdf{0f u/L k"0f{sfnLg Jn8 j}+ssf] ?kdf ;]jf ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . o; cf=j= dfq} (@ hgf lj/fdLx?nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofPsf] /Qm ;+rf/ s]Gb| 8f]6Laf6  xfn;Dd ;+sng / ljt/0f e};s]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf lhNnf c:ktfn 8f]6Lsf] lrlsT;f ;]jfdf ePsf] a9f]Q/L / h/gn ;h{/L ;]jf ;d]t lj:tf/ x'Fbf /Qm ;+rf/ ;]jfsf] dxTj a9]sf] / /utsf] dfu ;d]t a9\g uPsf] cj:yf xf] . cem} lhNnf c:ktfn 8f]6L %) z}ofdf lj:tf/ x'g nfu]sf] / ljz]if1 ;]jf ;d]t ;+rfng x'g nfu]sf] kl/k|]Ion] /Qm ;+rf/ s]Gb|sf] ult of]hgfa4 ?kdf cuf8L a9fpg' kg]{ lhDd]jf/L xfd|f] ;fd' cfO{k/]sf] 5 . /utsf] a9\bf] dfu / lgoldt /Qmbftfx?sf] cefj, ;fy} ;"lrs[t /Qmbftfx?sf] cGoq :yfgfGt–/0f ;d]tsf] sf/0f oyfl;3| cfjZos /ut lj/fdLnfO{ rflxPsf] dfqfdf pknJw u/fpg ;Sg' zfvfsf] nflu 7'nf] r'gf}ltsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . tyflk lhNnf zfvf / /Qm ;~rf/ s]Gb|, gofF /Qmbftf vf]Hg], k'/fgf /QmbftfnfO{ lgoldt /Qmbftfsf] ?kdf :yflkt u/fpg], ;Defljt /Qmbftfsf ;d"xx? klxrfg u/L cled'vLs/0f ;~rfng ug]{ h:tf lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ lgoldttf lbOPsf] 5 . zfvfn] /Qm ;+rf/ h:tf] ljlzi6 dfgjLo ;]jfnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf ;fy cuf8L a9fO/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf cfly{s >f]tsf] cefj klg csf]{ r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf b]lvg cfpF5 . /Qm ;+rf/ s]Gb|nfO{ ;'b[9, Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L ?kdf cuf8L a9fpg zfvf ;a} kIfsf] ;xof]usf] nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 ;fy} cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] hu]8f /utsf] s]xL c+z bfg ul/ s;}sf] hLjg /Iff ug]{ h:tf] dxfg sfo{df ;Dk"0f{ JolQmx?sf] Wofg k'uf];, /Qmbfg ul/ s;}nfO{ gof+ hLjg lbg xflb{s clkn ub{5' .

/Qmbfg, hLjg bfg

nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] tof/Lsf nflu pkof]uL

a:t'ut k|Zgx?

!= @)&! k'if ! b]lv # ;Dd ;~rflnt Pl;of k|;fGt If]qsf cNklasl;t d'n'sx?sf] dGqL :t/Lo a}7s sxfF ;DkGg eof] <

— sf7df08f}+ g]kfn

@= lxdfnL If]qdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] kf/]sf] c;/ / To;sf] Go"gLs/0fsf k|of;sf nflu cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfosf] Wofgfsif{0f ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy la1fg k|lalw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno / s0ff{nL Plss[t u|fld0f lasf; tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|åf/f d'u'sf] /f/f tfn If]qdf hnjfo' ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf slxn] ul/of] <

—@)&! sflt{s # / $ ut]

#= cy{dGqfno Pj+ dftxtsf laefu tyf sfof{nosf sfddf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg] p2]Zon] ;~rfngdf NofO{Psf] u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ sIfnfO{ s] elgG5 <

— lau'n -cy{dGqfnodf @)&! d+l;/ !$ ut]b]lv u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ sIf ælau'nÆ ;~rfngdf NofO{Psf]_

$= @)!$ sf] gf]j]n zflGt k'/:sf/ lah]tf ef/tsf jfnclwsf/sdL{ Pj+ ;fdflhs cleoGtf s}nfz ;TofyL{ g]kfnsf] tLg lbg] e|d0fsf qmddf slxn] sf7df08f}+ cfP <

— @)&! ;fn kf}if $ ut]  

%= ;ft dxfb]zsf ;ft pRr lxdfn cf/f]x0f ug]{ klxnf] g]kfnL dlxnf sf] x'g <

— ;'l:dtf df:s]

^= :s6Nof08df hgdt ;+u|x slxn] ;DkGg eof] <

— ;g @)!$, ;]K6]Dj/ !* df -jx'dt gful/sn] j]nfotd} /xg] kIfdf dtbfg u/]sf_ 

&= @)&! df dgfO{Psf] lzIff lbj;sf] gf/f s] lyof] <

— æ;Ifd lzIfs :t/Lo lzIff, ;d[l4sf nflu ;fIf/tf / k|lalwo'Qm lzIffÆ

*= lzIffdf l;dfGts[t tyf cGo ;d"xlar /x]sf] c;dfgtf x6fO{ ;j}nfO{ ;j{;'ne / u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy laBfno If]qsf] Plss[t ;dtf /0fgLlt @)&! slxn] ;fj{hlgs ul/of] <

—@)&! ;fn d+l;/ @( ut]

(= laqmd\ ;Djt\ @)&! kf}if $ b]lv * ;Dd sf7df08f}+df ;DkGg k|yd blIf0f ol;ofnL dlxnf elnjn k|ltof]lutfsf] pkfwL s'g /fi6«n] lhTof] <

— ef/t

!)= ;fs{n] ;j{k|yd s'g cGt/fli6«o ;+:yf;+u ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof] <

— UNCTAD -;fs{n] ;g !((# km]j|'c/Ldf UNCTAD gfds ;+:yf;+u klxnf] ;Demf}tf u/sf] lyof]_

!!= laqmd\ ;Djt\ @)&! df k|bfg ul/Psf] cleofg k'/:sf/jf6 ;Ddflgt x'g] >i6f sf] x'g <

— Zofdk|;fb zdf{

!@= cfkm\g} 3/]n' v]n d}bfgdf alnË u/]sf] jnn] nfu]/ rf]6 u|:t eO{ d[To' ePsf ci6«]lnofsf rlr{t lqms]6 v]nf8L sf] x'g <

— lkmlnk x\o'h -;g @)!$ gf]e]Dj/ @% df c:6]«lnofsf] l;8\gLdf ePsf] v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfdf Go' ;fpy j]N;sf l;g Pj6n] alnË u/]sf] jnn] 6fpsf] k5f8L nfuL 3fOt] ePsf] lkmlnksf] gf]e]Dj/ @& df lgwg ePsf]_

!#= g]kfn ;/sf/n] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfk'lt{ / lat/0f Joj:yfnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ p2]Zon] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{df :jrflnt d'No k|0ffnL slxn] b]lv nfu' u/]sf] 5 <

— @)&! ;fn c;f]h !#

!$= pTs[i6 Joj;flos s[ifsnfO{ k|f]T;fxg Pj+ ;Ddfg ug]{ p2]Zon] cf=j= @)&@÷@)&# b]lv k|bfg ug]{ u/L ;/sf/åf/f :yflkt k'/:sf/ s'g xf] <

— /fi6«klt pTs[i6 s[ifs k'/:sf/

!%= d[t dflg;sf] d'6' la/fdL JolQmdf k|Tof/f]k0f ug{ ;kmn c:6«]lnofdf sfo{/t g]kfnL lrlsT;s sf] x'g <

— 8f= s'd'b lwtfn

!^= ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf pBf]ux?n] cj ;'lt{sf] Kofs]6sf] slt k|lt;t efudf r]tfjgLd'ns ;Gb]z / 3fts lrGx /fVg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 <

— () k|lt;t -@)&! a}zfv ! ut] b]lv ;'lt{ pTkfbs sDkgLx?n] ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf Kofs]6df &% k|lt;t r]tfjgL d'ns ;Gb]z /fVb} cfPsf]df @)&@ h]7 ! ut] b]lv nfu' x'g] u/L () k|lt;t efudf o:tf] ;Gb]z /fVg' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf]_

!&= cf=j=@)&)÷)&! sf] cfly{s ;j]{If0f cg';f/ ko{6s cfudg ;+VofnfO{ b]zut ?kdf laZn]if0f ubf{ g]kfndf ;j}eGbf a9L ko{6s cfpg] kfFr /fi6« s'g s'g x'g <

— qmdzM ef/t, lrg, >Ln+sf, cd]l/sf / a]nfot 

!*= ?kGb]xLdf b]zs} klxnf] laz]if cfly{s If]q -SEZ_ sf] pb\3f6g slxn] ul/of] <

— @)&! d+l;/ @ ut]  

>f]t ;+sns M /fd lai6

;flxTo÷;[hgf

d'Qms

x/]s ;ftf d+unaf/ e]6\g cfpF5 laDa

;ftf e/Lsf] Kof; d]6\g cfpF5 laDa

cGofo cTofrf/ / las[ltsf] la?4df

ul/asf b'Mv lk/ ;d]6\g laDa cfpF5

e/t dx/f

s;/L ;Daf]bg u? /fgL ltdLnfO{

lrQ a'em]g /fgL eGbf gL ltdLnfO{

lt|df] ofbdf /f]O{/fO{ d d/]sf] va/

lnP/ cfpnf lbg v/fgL ltdLnfO{

/laGb| kgf8L

3fËn–& wf/fkfgL

8f]6L SofDk;

:jR5 xfjf kfgL DMC l;nu9Ldf

/fd|f] ;f]r] eGbf gL DMC l;nu9Ldf

8f]6Lsf] ;b/d'sfd ;fydf z}n]Zj/L

aGg hfpF 1fgL DMC l;nu9Ldf

sDo'6/ nfOa|]/L 5fqaf;sf] Aoa:yf

agfpF pHhn lhGbufgL DMC l;nu9Ldf

cg'eaL lzIfsåf/f u'0f:t/Lo lzIff

sfd nfUg] k};f gL DMC l;nu9Ldf

5q jf]x/f

nfgfs]bf/]Zj/, 8f]6L

rfxG5f} eg]

dxn ltdL rfxG5f} eg] ;+3if{df /Dg] u/

:jR5 lxdfnsf] lxFp;+u k|]d u/L hDg] u/

cfzf, nIo / p2]Zox?nfO{ lhGbuLdf

lFFFxpr'nLsf] kfgL;+u aufpg] u/

slt /}5 lr;f] oxfF slt /}5 k|]d oxfF

pg};+u dfq xf]O{g cfkm";Fu bhfO{ x]/

dxndf dfq xf]O{g hLjg / hLGbuLnfO{

ul/asf] cf;kf;df klg axg] u/

 dxn dfq xf]O{g hLjg hLGbuLdf

 em'k8Ldf a:g]nfO{ klg ;f]Rg] u/

dxn ltdL rfxcG5f} eg] ;+3if{nfO{ /f]Hg] u/

:jR5 lxdfnsf] lxFp;+u k|]d u/L hDg] u/

ad axfb'/ v8\sf

;"rgf÷la1fkg÷;Gb]z

g]kfn ;/sf/

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfno

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf laefu

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, 8f]6L

;"rgf Û ;"rgf ÛÛ ;"rgf ÛÛÛ

g]kfn ;/sf/, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnosf] rfn' cf=a= @)&!÷)&@ sf] :jLs[t ;dfh sNof0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx?sf nflu k'g{:yfkgf sfo{qmd -l;=la=cf/=_ ;+~rfngsf nfuL ;+:yf 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{ ePsfn] O{R5's ;+:yfx?n] ldlt @)&!÷!@÷!( ut] b]lv @)&@÷!÷# ut];Dd !% lbgleq tkl;nsf sfuh kqx? k]z ug{ x'gsf nfuL of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .

tklzn

clgjfo{ ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhftx?

¨ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf btf{ k|df0fkq

¨ glas/0f ul/Psf] sfuhft

¨ k|To]s cf=a=df n]vf k/LIf0f k|lta]bg -b'O{ aif{ otf_

¨ ;+:yfsf] lawfg ckfËtfsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ k|fAwfg ePsf] .

¨ ;DalGwt If]qdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ea ePsf] .

¨ ;+:yfdf sfo{/t tnaL sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof, tnaL e/kfO{ / lgo'QmL kqsf] k|ltnLkL .

¨ ef}lts k'jf{wf/sf] ca:yf .

¨ ;+:yfsf] lawfg k|zf;lgs / cfly{s lgodfjnLsf] 5fFof k|lt .

emf8f kvfnf

lbgdf # jf # k6s eGbf a9L kftnf] lbzfF eof] eg] emf8f kvfnf nu]sf] dflgG5 . of] ls6f0f' jf efO{/;n] ubf{ nfU5 .

emf8f kvfnf s;/L nfU5 <

h'g 7fFpdf dflg;x?n] v'Nnf lbzfF lk;fa ug]{ u5{g\ ;kmf / ;'/lIft kfgL lkpb}gg\, ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] ub}{gg\ / ;kmfO{df klg Wofg lbb}gg\ To:tf dflg;x?nfO{ emf8f kvfnf nfUg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .

emf8f kvfnfaf6 s;/L afFRg ;lsG5 <

– emf8f kvfnfaf6 aRg vfg]kfgL pdfNg], lko"if, jf6/ uf8{ h:tf Snf]l/g emf]n

  kfgLdf /fVg] .  kfgL ;'l4s/0f u/]/ dfq lkpg] ug'{ k5{ .

– ;8]un]sf] jf;L / lemËf eGs]sf] vfg]s'/f vfg' x'Fb}g .

– kmnkm'n jf sfr} vfg] ;u;AhLx? /fd|/L ;kmf kfgLn] wf]P/ dfq vfg' k5{ .

– vfg] s'/f /fd|/L ksfP/ dfq vfg'k5{ / ;s];Dd kfSg] ljlQs} w]/}j]/ g/fvL vfg' k5{ .

kfgL z'l4s/0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

– kfgL pdfNg]

– Snf]l/gsf] k|of]u

– kfgL lkmN6/ u/]/

– jf6/ uf8{, lko"if, cfSjf 6\ofj

emf8f kvfnf nfUof] eg] s] ug]{ <

– cfkm'nfO{ emf8f kvfnf nfu]sf] z+sf nfu]df t'?Gt :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ ug]{

– # k6s eGbf a9L kftnf] lb;f eof] eg] k'gh{nLo emf]n -hLjghn, gjlhjg_

  lkpg yfNg' k5{ .

– olb % jif{ eGbf d'lgsf] aRrf 5 eg] p;nfO{ k'g{hnLo emf]nsf] ;fy} lbgsf] !

  dfqf lh+s rSsL klg !) lbg ;Dd v'jfpg' k5{ .

– o;sf] ;fy} aRrfnfO{ cfdfsf] b'w / ;fljssf] vfgf v'jfO{ g} /fVg' k5{ / k|z:t emf]n vfgf v'jfO{/xg' k5{ .

– lh+s rSsL / k'g{hnLo emf]nsf] k'l/of j8fsf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod\;]ljsfaf6

  klg k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

– :t/gkfg ul//x]sf aRrfnfO{ emf8f kvfnf nfu]df k6s k6s :tgkfg u/fcf+}

– emf8f kvfnf x'Fbf klg ;fljsdf h:t} vfg]s'/fx? vfg] / v'jfpg] u/f}+ .

lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no, 8f]6L