x/]s rf8kj{ Pj+ ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fx? b]zsf /fli6«o klxrfg x'g\ . o:tf      s'/fx?sf] cGTo x'g' eg]sf] /fli6«o klxrfg u'Dg' xf] . /fli6«o klxrfgsf] hu]gf{sf nflu klg rf8kj{ Pj+ ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fsf] k|j4{g / ;Dj4{g ug'{ xfd|f] g}lts bfloTj xf] .

g]kfn ;/sf/

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

d'Vo ;dfrf/

8f]6Ldf gofF ;+lawfgsf] eAo :jfut

g]kfnLsf] & bzs nfdf] ;kgf, & aif{sf] k|of;df hgtfsf k|ltlglwn] n]v]sf] g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)&@ cfO{taf/ hf/L ePkl5 8f]6L lhNnfdf klg v'lzofnL 5fPsf] 5 .

;+lawfg;efaf6 ;+lawfg lgdf0f{sf nfuL laut ^% aif{ laleGg ;dodf ePsf cfGbf]ng tyf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;z:q ;+3if{ / ^@÷^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng ePsf] lyof] .

;+lawfg;efaf6 ;+lawfg lgdf0f{sf nfuL xhf/f}Fsf] anLbfgLk'0f{ ;+3if{af6 :yfkgf ePsf] ;+lawfg;efn] g]kfnsf] O{ltxf;df klxnf] k6s hgtfsf k|ltlglwn] n]v]sf] ;+lawfg hf/L ePsf] ca;/df lhNnfsf laleGg efudf v'zLofnL dgfPsf va/ k|fKt ePsf    5g .

/fi6«klt 8f=/fdj/0f ofbjn] …g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@Ú hf/L u/]kl5 )^# df3 ! ut]b]lv nfu' ePsf] …cGt/Ld ;+ljwfgÚ vf/]h ePsf] 5 . gofF ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f # ;o * sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfg vf/]h ePsf] xf] .

;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff ;df/f]xdf /fi6«klt ofbjn] ;+ljwfg;efn] g]kfnL sfuhdf d'›0f u/]sf] kfFr k|lt ;+ljwfgdf x:tfIf/ u/]/ 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . ;+ljwfg;ef cWoIf ;'jfzrG› g]Djfªn] pknAw u/fPsf ;+ljwfgsf k|ltdf 9f]u]/ x:tfIf/ ub}{ /fi6«klt sfof{nosf] 5fk ;d]t nufO;s]kl5 pgn] hf/L u/]sf x'g\ .

gofF ;+ljwfgdf #% efu, tLg ;o cf7 wf/f / gf} cg';"rL 5g\ . ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds zf;g Joj:yf, ;ft k|b]z ;lxtsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf tyf /fhsLo;Qf hgtfdf lglxt x'g], ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL Joj:yfh:tf ljifo ;+ljwfgsf d'Vo ljz]iftf x'g\ . ;f] ;+lawfgsf] 8f]6Ldf laleGg k|sf/jf6 :jfut ul/Psf] 5 .

kf6L{ sfof{nodf lbkfjnL

;+lawfg hf/L ePkl5 8f]6Ldf lqmofl;n bnx? g]kfnL sf+u]|;, g]skf Pdfn], Plss[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL / /fli6«o hgdfrf{n] kf6L{ sfof{nodf lbkfjnL dgfPsf 5g . ;a} kf6L{sf lhNnf:t/Lo g]tfx?sf] pkl:yltdf lbkfjnL sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] g]kfnL sf+u|]; 8f]6Lsf sfo{jfxs ;efklt /fdk|;fb pkfWofon] hfgsf/L lbP .

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Ldf ;+o'Qm ?kdf ul/Psf] :jfut sfo{qmd ;s]nuQ} Pdfn] kf6L{ sfof{nodf lbkfjnL sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cWoIf rqm dNnn] hfgsf/L lbP . Pdfcf]jfbL 8f]6Ln] kf6L{ sfof{nosf ;fy} ;'b"/klZrdsf] If]qLo ;b/d'sfd /fhk'/df If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no cuf9L lbkfjnL sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Pdfcf]jfbLsf 8f]6L lhNnf cWoIf lqnf]rg e§n] hfgsf/L lbP .

w]/} 7fpFdf v'lzofnL

8f]6Lsf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd l;nu9L, If]qLo ;b/d'sfd /fhk'/, lkkNnf, lbkfon, a'8/, rf}v'§], zflGtgu/ / u}/f nufotsf ahf/ tyf 3/3/df d}gaQL afNb} v'zLofnL dgfPsf 5g . ;+lawfgsf] :jfutdf laleGg sfo{qmdx? ePsf 5g . ;+lawfgsf] :jfut ub}{ Plss[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6 laBfyL{ ;+u7g clvn -qmfGtLsf/L_ n] g]kfnsf] /fli6"o em08f cfsf/df d}gjQL /fvL jfNof] . w]/} ;fgf d}gjQLsf] lardf Ps 7'nf] d}gaQL klg /fVof] . ;+u7gsf lhNnf cWoIf /fdjxfb'/ v8sf eG5g …xfdLn] :jfut;+u} /fHonfO{ vj/bf/L ;d]t u/]sf 5f}+, lardf /fv]sf] 7'nf] d}gjQLn] k|b]z g+= & sf] /fhwfgL lbkfon jgfpg' kg]{ dfu xf] .Ú :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf ;dfh ;]jf 8f]6Ln] cfh laxfg} ;+lawfgsf] :jfutdf k|eftkm]/L u¥of] . ;fFem eJo ;+:s[lts sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf ;fwf/0f ;b:ox?, sd{rf/Lx? / cGo gu/af;Lx?sf] klg pNn]Vo ;xeflutf b]lvof] . :yfgLojf;Lx?n] 3/3/df lbkfjnL dgfP .

nfdLvfn ufla;df di6fdf08f}+ dflasf k|wfgfWofks g/axfb'/ /f]sfofsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;+lawfgsf] :jfutsf nflu laleGg sfo{qmdx? cfof]hgf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

cf+lzs la/f]w klg

;+lawfg;efs} rf}yf] 7'nf] bn /fk|kf g]kfnn] g t la/f]w u/]sf] 5 g ;dy{g . …xfdLn] of] ;+lawfgnfO{ cfnf]rgfTds ;dy{g u/]sf 5f}+Ú /fk|kf g]kfnsf lhNnf cWoIf c+s jxfb'/ v8\sfn] eg] …t/ xfdLn] la/f]wsf sfo{qmd klg u/]sf 5f}+ / :jfut klg ub}{gf}+ .Ú  ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfnn] klg gofF ;+lawfgsf] la/f]w ug]{ s'/f cfPsf] ePklg s:tf sfo{qmdx? ug]{ eGg] jf/]df s]xL jf]n]sf] 5}g . ;+lawfgsf] la/f]wdf /x]sf df]xg a}B g]t[Tjsf] g]skf–dfcf]jfbL / laKnj g]t[Tjsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] eg] laleGg sfo{qmd ug]{ hgfPsf 5g . a}B g]t[Tjsf] dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf ;lrj rGb| yfkfn] eg] …hgtfsf clwsf/x? s'l07t ug]{ u/L cfPsf] of] ;+lawfgsf] xfdL s8f la/f]w ub}{5f}+ . pgn] b]zJofkL jGb ug]{ qmddf cfh 8f]6L klg aGb ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbP . o:t} laKnj g]t[Tjsf] dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf O{Grfh{ laj]s s'dfnn] s]Gb|Lo sfo{qmd cg';f/ cfkm'x?n] of] ;+lawfgsf] la/f]w ug{ nfu]sf] jtfP . pQm dfcf]jfbLn] zlgjf/ d;fn h'n'z k|bz{g u/L gofF ;+lawfgsf] la/f]w u/]sf] lyof] .

;/sf/L sfof{no 4f/f :jfut

8f]6L lhNnfsf ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nodf lbkfjnL sfo{qmd ul/Psf] 5 . /fi6«klt /fdj/0f ofban] x:tfIf/ u/] nuQ} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Ln] g]kfnsf] gS;f agfO{ d}gaQL afn]/ lbkfjnL dgfPsf] 5 .

lhNnf k|zf;gsf] sfo{qmd ;dfkg eP nuQ} lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L sfof{non] klg lbkfjnL dgfPsf] lhNnf dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Lsf sfof{no k|d'v cf/fdlaqmd zfxn] atfP . 8f]6L lhNnf l:yt lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf dfnkf]t sfof{no nufotsf sfof{non] lbkfjnL dgfPsf lyP . 

rf/bnsf] ;+o'Qm pT;a ;df/f]x

8f]6L lhNnfdf lqmoflzn rf/ bnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf lhNnf ;b/–d'sfd l;nu9Ldf pT;a ;df/f]xsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;df/f]xnfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{axfs ;efklt /fdk|;fb pkfWofo, Pdfn]  cWoIf rqm dNn, Plss[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ l;4/fh e§/fO{, lhNnf cWoIf lqnf]]rg e§, /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ 8f]6Lsf cWoIf a]0fL dfwa hf]zL nufotsf aQmfx?n] ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP .

;DkfbsLo

;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] ck]Iff

hgtfsf] s/Lj ;ft bzs nfdf] dfu, Tofu / tk:ofkl5 g]kfnL hgtfn] ;+lawfg;efdfkm{t gofF ;+lawfg kfPsf 5g . hgtfsf k|ltlglwx?n] lgdf{0f u/L /fi6«k|d'vn] nfu' ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] of] g]kfnsf] ;+lawfgsf] :jfutdf b]ze/L lgs} lbkfjnL dgfO{of] . s'g} If]q, ju{ / ;d'bfodf lbkfjnL gdfPsf] b]lvPg . :jt–:km't{ ?kdf dgfO{Psf] pT;j, pNnf; / lbkfjnLn] g]kfnL hgtf ;+lawfg cfPsf]df v'zL b]lvPsf t 5g g} ;fy} cjsf] jf6f] ;d[l4sf] x'g]5, clfy{s qmflGtsf] x'g]5 zflGtsf] x'g]5, k|ultsf] x'g] 5 eGg] laZjf; klg pgLx?df /x]sf] 5 .

laBfno k9\g uPsf 5f]/f5f]/L ;fFem kms]{/ 3/ cfpF5g ls cfpFb}gg\ eGg] lrGtf cj x'g]5}g, laxfg sfof{nosf nflu lg:s]sfx? ;fFem ;s'zn 3/ cfpg]5g eGg] s'/fsf] Uof/]06L x'g]5, k;n vf]n]/ Jofkf/ ul//x]sfx?sf] k;ndf PsfPs cfuf] nufO{g] 5}g, ;'T]s/L j]yfF nfu]/ :jf:Yo ;+:yf hfg nfu]sL dlxnfnfO{ aGbsf gfddf ;fj{hlgs oftfotsf ;fwgx? lar jf6f]d} /f]s]/ d[To'sf] d'vdf 9s]lng] 5}g eGg] laZjf; hgtfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] t pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] laj]s / Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd cflt;jfhL u/L gofF ;+lawfgsf] :jfut u/] .

oBkL b]ze/L h;f] g} o; ;+lawfgsf] la/f]w ePsf] 5 . hnfO{Psf] klg 5, hnfpg] k|of; ug]{nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] uf]nL ;d]t xfg]sf 5g, ltj| c;Gt'li6 klg /x]sf] 5 of] ;+lawfgdf . kxf8L If]qdf of] cj:yf sd b]lvPklg t/fO{ If]qdf eg] lgs} a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfPsf] ;+lawfg sfofGjog xf]nf eGg] s'/fdf Tolt w]/} laZjf; ug{ t g;lsPnf t/ hgtfsf] rfxgf / cfsf+Iff of] ;+lawfg ;kmn sfof{Gjog xf]; eGg] xf] .

oxfF dfnL k'/fg} 5g / au}Frf km]l/Psf] 5 . gofF au}Frfdf k'/fg} dfnLx?n] s;/L sfd u5{g eGg] s'/fdf ;+sf x'g' :jefljs} xf] .  dfnLn] au}Frfsf] ;xL ;+/If0f u/]df To;sf] k|efj klg /fd|f] b]lvPnf t/ k'/fgf dfnLx?sf] xftjf6 Tolt w]/} cfz ug]{ 7fpF klg b]lvPsf] 5}g . To;}n] ;j}n] xf]l;of/ x'g' h?/L 5 . ;+lawfgsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf nflu vj/bf/L ug'{ k5{ . of] ;+lawfgsf] la?4df /x]sf JolQm÷;d"xx?nfO{ klg ;xL tl/sfn] d'nwf/df Nofpg' h?/L 5 . pgLx?sf hfoh dfux?nfO{ ;Djf]bg ug{df   /fHosf] tkm{jf6 s'g} klg k|sf/sf] cGh':ofO{ x'g' x'Fb}g . To;sf nflu ;j}n] tof/ x'g' h?/L 5 . 

hgtfsf] nfdf] Tofujf6 cfPsf] of] ;+lawfgnfO{ km]/L /2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf k'¥ofpg] u/L sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f lkmtnf] gxf];\ eGg]df ;j}sf] hf]8 x'g' h?/L 5 .

yk ;dfrf/

…vKt8 k|b]zÚ x'g'kg]{

cfO{tjf/ /fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjn] g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)&@ hf/L ePsf] lalwjt\ 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 pQm ;+lawfgn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|b]z g+= & sf] gfdfs/0f …vKt8 k|b]zÚ /flvg' kg]{ larf/ clwsf+;n] JoQm u/]sf 5g .

laDa ;fKtflxsn] u/]sf] km];j's ;j]{If0fdf ;xeflu ePsf @$ hgfdWo] ( hgfn] vKt8 k|b]z gfdfs/0f ug'{ kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf 5g . o:t} ^ hgfn] ;]tL dxfsfnL k|b]z gfdfs/0f ug'{ kg]{ larf/ /fv]sf 5g . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z /flvg' kg]{ dfu /fVg]x?df rf/ hgf  /x]sf 5g eg] 8f]6L k|b]z gfdfs/0f ug'{ kg]{ dfu /fVg] tLg hgf /x]sf 5g . o:t} ;]tL sfnL k|b]z gfdfs/0f ul/g' kg]{ Ps hgfn] wf/0ff /fv]sf 5g .

km];j'sdf lxSdt ;fpFb n]V5g …gfdn] dfq} s]xL km/s kb}{g .Ú pgn] of] ;+ls0f{ ;f]rn] ;d:of kf/]sf] dfq} ePsf] jtfpFb} rfxgf km/s} ePsfx?n] gfddf jf l;dfdf lajfb Nofpg] u/]sf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g . o:t} gh/ g]kfnL ;fKtflxs 8f]6Lsf ;Dkfbs emns kfnLn] o; If]qsf] P]ltxfl;s gfd;+u hf]l8Psf] x'gfn] 8f]6L k|b]z /fVg' kg]{ larf/ /fv]sf 5g . o:t} hog dx/f k|b]z g+= & sf] gfd 8f]6L k|b]z /fVg' kg]{ eGb} cuf8L n]V5g\ …of] d]/f] JolQmut larf/ dfq} xf]O{g, w]/}sf] larf/ xf] .Ú

u0f]z l;+xn] ;]tL dxfsfnL gfd /fv]sf w]/}n] ;dy{g kfpg] lhls/ u5{g .

efb| #) ut] ;+lawfg;ef jf6 kfl/t eO{ ;efWoIf ;'efzrGb| g]DjfËn] k|df0fLs– /0f u/]sf] ;+lawfg cfO{tjf/ Ps ;df/f]xsfaLr /fi6«klt ofbjn] nfu' ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g . pQm ;+lawfg cg';f/ b]z ;+3Lotfdf uPsf] 5 . g]kfndf ;ft k|b]z /xg] s'/f ;+lawfgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ePklg k|b]zsf] gfd eg] k|b]z;efn] /fVg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

;+lawfg cg';f/ xfn sfod /x]sf] ;'b"/klZrdsf] e'–efu k|b]z g+= & df /flvPsf] 5 . oBkL pQm l;df+sgsf] yf? ;d'bfon] la/f]w ub}{ cfPsf   5g .

lthdf of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;DjlGw uLt

n l8njxfb'/ l;+x÷8f]6L

efb| #!

8f]6Lsf] 306]Zj/ ufla; l:yt u}/fdf cfof]lht lthL lut k|ltof]lutfdf of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo / kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DaGwL lutx? Kf|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ .

306]Zj/ ufpF lasf; ;ldltl:yt u}/fdf :yfgLo honIdL cfdf :jf:Yo ;d'xn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] bf];|f] /fli6«o kl/jf/ lgof]hg lbj; tyf lxGb' gf/Lx?sf] dxfg kj{ lthsf] cj;/ kf/]/ dlxnf :jf:Yo kl/jf/ lgof]hg nufotsf laifox?nfO{ ;d]6]/ lth lut k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] . zx/ ahf/ e/L e8\lsnf] lutdf gfRb} lth pT;j rln/x]sf] a]nf 8f]6Lsf] u}/fsf lbbL alxgLx?n] lbge/L h;f] of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo, dlxnf clwsf/ /  kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf s'/f u/]/ cfkm' klg gfr] c?nfO{ klg grfP .

hofnIdL cfdf ;d'xsL cWoIfsf vu]Zj/L b]jL dNnsf cg';f/ ;w} e/L sfdsfhdf Ao:t lbbLalxgLx?nfO{ lthsf] cj;/df cfof]lht sfo{qmdn] dgf]/~hgsf ;fy} cfkm\gf] :jf:Yosf] af/]df ;d]t ;r]tgf lzIff lbPsf] 5 . cWoIfn] dNnn] elgg\ æ3f+; bfp/f clg d]nfkft ug]{ dfG5]nfO{ tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] :jf:Yosf] af/]df Wofg lbg'; eGbf dfGb}gg\ :jf:Yos} af/]df lut n]v]/ k|lt:kwf{ u/fpbf cfkm\gf] :jf:Yosf] af/]df ;d]t ;f]Rg afWo x'G5g .Æ dlxnfx?n] kl/jf/ lgof]hg / of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yosf] af/]df ;r]t eP :jf:Yo ;DalGw y'k|} ;d:of sd x'g] pgsf] wf/0ff 5 .

cfdf ;d'xnfO{ lth sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug{ 306]Zj/ ufpF lasf; ;ldlt, pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3 8f]6L, ;fd'bflos lasf; d~r dlxnf :jf:Yo sfo{qmd 8f]6Ln] cfly{s ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf 306]Zj/ ufpF lasf; ;ldltsf ;lrj tf/fk|;fb clwsf/Ln] dlxnfsf] nfuL ufpF lasf; ;ldltaf6 lalgof]hg u/]sf] ah]6jf6 jf6f] 3f6f] lgdf{0f ug'{ eGbf dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf lasf;df nfu' ug'{ kg]{df hf]8 lbP . ;lrj clwsf/Ln] eg] ædlxnf lbbL alxgLx?n] k|:t't u/]sf lutsf sf/0fn] k'?if bfh' efO{x?nfO{ ;d]t ;f]Rg afWo agfPsf] 5 .Æ

sfo{qmddf 306]Zj/ ufpF lasf; ;ldltsf xhf/f+} dlxnf k'?ifsf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt 306]Zj/ ufla; l:yt u}/fsL cd[tf dNnn] lutsf dfWofdjf6 :jf:Yo ;DalGw w]/} s'/f hfgsf/L ePsf] atfO{g . dNnn] elgg\ æ5f]/L a'xf/Lx?nfO{ ;Demfpg ;d]t ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf aif{x?df Sof;]6s} lutdf gflrGYof] 3/ uO{GYof] o; aif{ cfkm'n] ef]u]sf lk8fx? ;d]t ;f6f;f6 eof] .Æ

e'tsf] 8/n] zf}rfno eTsfpg] tof/L

n g/LbQ a8'÷a}t8L

     c;f]h @

;fdflhs cGwljZjf;sf sf/0f a}t8Lsf] tNnf] ;f]/f8 If]qdf kg]{ ;n]gf uflj;df /x]sf] >L wd{3/ e't nfu]sf] eGb} zf}rfno eTsfpg] tof/L ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ljBfnodf cWog/t 5fqfx?df PSsf;L sfFKg], lrRofpg] / clgolGqt efiff k|of]u u/L cgfjZos af]Ng] ;d:of b]lvPkl5 wfdLemfFlqmsf] ljZjf;df nfu]/ zf}rfno eTsfpg] tof/L ePsf] xf] .

ljut !) lbg otf b]lv @! hgf 5fqfx?df o:tf] ;d:of b]lvPsf] ePklg lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{noaf6 clxn];Dd kxn gePsf] wd{3/ pdfljsf k|wfgfWofks s]za/fh hf]zLn] atfP . k|wfgfWofks hf]zLsf cg';f/ ljut $÷% lbg otfb]lv :yfgLosf] bafjdf ljBfnodf /x]sf] rf/ sf]7] zf}rfnodf tfnf nufO{Psf] 5 .

zf}rfnodf o;/L tfnf nufO{bf ljBfyL{x? v'Nnf ?kdf zf}r ug{ afWo ePsf] / To;n] ljBfno j/Lk/Lsf] jftfj/0f ;d]t b'u{lGwt ePsf] :yfgLo lbks rGbn] atfP . rGbsf cg';f/ :yfgLon] klg wfldemfFlqmsf] ljZjf;df k/L rf/ sf]7] zf}rfno eTsfpg bafa lbO{/x]sf 5g\ .

s]xL :yfgLon] wfdLemfFlqms} e/df k/L zf}rfno eTsfpg] tof/L u/]kl5 o'jfx?n] eg] ljBfnodf hf]l8Psf] ;+DklQ cGwljZjf;df eTsfpg] tof/L x'bfF To;nfO{ /f]lslbg / 5fqfx?df b]lvPsf] pQm /f]usf] oyfl;u| pkrf/ ul/bg ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .

otf lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no a}t8Ln] eg] z'qmjf/ dfq} To;sf] cflwsfl/s hfgsf/L cfPsf] / Ps÷b'O{ lbgdf ToxfF :jf:YosdL{sf] 6f]nL k7fO{g] lhNnf :j:Yo sfof{no a}t8Lsf hg:jf:Yo clws[t hLjg e§n]   hfgsf/L lbP . e§sf cg';f/ o:tf] ;d:of df; lx:6]/Lof ePsf JoQmLnfO{ x'g] / To;sf] l5§}g} pkrf/ x'g] x'Fbf gcflQg ;d]t ;a}nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .

clxn]sf] o'udf wfdLemfFlqmsf] k/]/ geO{ pkrf/ u/]/ /f]ux? lgsf] x'g] ePsfn] wfldemfFlqmsf] ljZjf;df gkg{ / cGwljZjf;df k/]/ ljBfnodf lgdf{0f ePsf ;+/rgfx? eTsfpg] s;}nfO{kl5 clwsf/ gePsfn] To:tf] sfo{ gug{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lnnfw/ clwsf/Ln] :yfgLonfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . /f]usf] pkrf/ ug]{ lgsfo x'FbfxF'b} ;fdflhs cGwljZjf;sf] kl5 nflu olb s;}n]klg u}/sfg'gL sfo{ u/] sfg'g adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g] pgn] atfP . ToxfFsf wfdL emfFlqmn] eg] zf}rfno eTsfPkl5 5fqfx?nfO{ lgsf] x'g] bfjL u/]sf] :yfgLo lbks rGbn] atfP .

dlxnfx?nfO{ dgf]ljdz{

@)%@ ;fnb]lv rn]sf] ;z:q åGåsf sf/0f dfgl;s ;d:of b]lvPsf dlxnfx?nfO{ dgf]ljdz{ k/fdz{ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

åGåjf6 la:yflkt ePsf, kl/jf/sf ;b:o u'dfPsf, cfkmGt u'dfPsf, oftgf kfPsf / dfgl;s tyf zf/Ll/s kL8f ef]u]sf dlxnfx?sf] dgf]an alnof] agfpg cGt/fli6«o zflGt lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/L pgLx?nfO{ k/fdz{ lbOPsf] 5 .

…;z:q åGån] lbbL alxgLx?df dfgl;s c;/ k¥of]Ú zflGtsf nflu ;femf cleofg -sf]Sofk_ sL ;'b"/klZrd If]qLo ;+of]hs e'ag s'Fa/n] elgg\ …dgleqsf] kL8fnfO{ pgLx?n] leq n'sfP/ /fv]sf 5g\, h;sf sf/0f pgLx? kL8fdf 5g .\Ú s'Fj/n] elgg\ …tL s'07fnfO{ aflx/ Nofpg k/fdz{ lbPsf 5f}+ .Ú s'Fj/n] cjsf lbgx?df dlxnfx?nfO{ hLjg latfpg ;xh x'g] laZjf; JoQm ul/g .

ljZj kl/b[io d~r / sf]Sofkn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf lt dlxnfx?nfO{ k/fdz{ lbPsf x'g\ . dgf]ljdz{stf{ k'/g l;+x If]qLn] k/fdz{ lbPsf 5g\ .

b]vte"nL, s[i0fk'/, emnf/L, lkknf8L, z+s/k'/ / b}hLsf dlxnfx? ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf sf]Sofk If]qLo ;+of]hs s'Fa/n] ;xeflux?nfO{ :jfut dGtJo JoQm u/]sL lyO{g . clwjQmf k'gd rGbn] sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sL lyOg\ .

8f]6Ldf klg zflGt lba; dgfOof]

cGt/fli6«o zflGt lbj; 8f]6Ldf klg dgfO{Psf] 5 .

:yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt 8f]6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf ;f]djf/ k|eftkm]/L / k|jrg sfo{qmd u/L pQm lbj; dgfO{Psf] xf] . lbj;sf ca;/df :yfgLo O{Gb|rf]saf6 k|eftkm]/L ;'? u/L lhNnf lasf; ;ldltsf] ;efxndf k'u]/ cf}krfl/s sfo{qmddf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] .

¥ofnLdf laWofyL{, lzIfs, :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt 8f]6Lsf ;b:o, /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?, ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;F:yfsf k|ltlglwx?,  ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

8f]6Ldf dfO{qmf]kmfO{g]G;

ls;fg dfOqmf]kmfOg]G;sf] gofF zfvf 8f]6Lsf] /fhk'/df klg :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . ;'b"/ / dWoklZrsf laleGg lhNnfdf #@ cf]6f zfvf /x]sf] ls;fg dfOqmf]kmfOg]G; laQLo ;F:yf lnld6]8n] ;'b"/klZrdsf] If]qLo ;b/d'sfd /fhk'/df klg zfvf zfvf :yfkgf u/]sf] xf]] .

pQm zfvfsf] pb\3f6g ;'b"/klZrdsf pk–If]qLo k|zf;s /fdaxfb'/ l3ld/]n] u/]sf x'g . ;f] qmddf ;+:yfsf sfo{sf/L k|d'v O{Gb|jxfb'/ zfxLn] ls;fg dfOqmf]kmfOg]G; sfof{nosf] :yfkgf kZrft a}Flsª sf/f]jf/ ug{ ;xh x'g] / lab]zaf6 cfpg] /]ld6\ofG;     /sd k|fKt ug{ klg ;xh x'g]  atfP . sfo{qmd ;+:yfsf cWoIf g]qk|;fb hf]zLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] lyof] .

v]n ;dfrf/

PPkm;L o'–!^ df g]kfn 5gf}6

PPkm;L o'–!^ km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfn 5gf]6 ePsf] 5 .

;g\ @)!^df ef/tdf x'g] k|ltof]lutfsf] 5gf}6 ;d"x r/0fdf clGtd v]ndf cfOtaf/ cf]dfg;Fu #–! n] k/flht g]kfn k/flht ePsf] lyof] . pQm k/fho;+u} cj g]kfn k|ltof]lutfdf ;xeflu x'g kfpg] jf gkfpg eGg] laifodf ax; ;'? x'g yfn]sf] lyof] . nuTt} lslu{:tfgn] hf]8{gnfO{ k/flht u/]kl5 pTs[i6 pklah]tfsf] ?kdf g]kfn 5gf]6 ePsf] xf] .

g]kfnn] hf]8{g / cfof]hs lslu{:tfgnfO{ x/fPsf] lyof] . cf]dfg;Fu a/fa/ ^ c+s ePklg uf]n cGt/sf cfwf/df cf]dfg ;d"x lah]tfsf] ?kdf 5gf]6 ePsf] xf] .

cfpg] aif{ ef/tdf x'g] k|ltof]lutfsf nflu !^ b]z 5gf]6 ePsf 5g\ . pHj]ls:tfg, cf]dfg, O/fs, ;fpbL c/]laof, O/fg, s'j]t, dn]l;of, blIf0f sf]l/of, ci6«]lnof / hfkfg ;d'x ljh]tfsf ?kdf 5gf]6 ePsf 5g\ . leotgfd, yfONof08, o'PO / g]kfn pTs[i6 pklah]tfsf ?kdf k|ltof]lutfdf 5gf]6 eP . yfONof08df ePsf] ut;+:s/0fsf] lah]tf pQ/ sf]l/of / cfof]hs ef/t :jt k|ltof]lutfdf 5gf]6 ePsf 5g\ .

blIf0f Pl;ofaf6 g]kfn / ef/tn] dfq} k|ltof]lutf v]Ng] 5g\ . ut ;+:s/0fdf blIf0f Pl;ofaf6 Pkm;L o'–!^ v]Ng] g]kfn PSnf] 6f]nL lyof] .

;+s6df lszf]/ km'6jn v]nf8L

n gful/s b}lgsjf6 

g]kfnL hgtf dxfe"sDksf] kL8f la;{g] sf]l;; ul//x]sf a]nf lszf]/ km'6an v]nf8Lx¿ PPkm;L o'–!$ km'6an km]l:6an v]Ng tflhls:tfg p8]sf lyP . cEof; ul//x]sf a]nf pgLx¿n] j}zfv @( sf] cg'sDkgnfO{ ef]u] .

hghLjg ;fdfGo aGb} uO/x]sf a]nf cg'sDkgn] g]kfnLnfO{ dfgl;s ¿kdf g} sdhf]/ agfO/x]sf] lyof] . t/, lszf]/ v]nf8Ln] tfhls:tfgdf axfb'/Lk"0f{ v]n b]vfpFb} g]kfnL cK7]/f] cj:yfdf ;Dxflng ;S5g\ eGg] ;Gb]z lbP . g]kfnL 6f]nL km]l:6andf …k|md b ?j]N; lj /fOhÚ eGg] Aofg/ af]s]/ d}bfg pq]sf] lyof] .

Aofg/df n]lvPh:t} lszf]/ v]nf8Ln] cEof; klg ug{ gkfPsf] cj:yfdf ljb]zL e"lddf hf]zsf ;fy cK7]/f] l:yltaf6 klg p7\g ;S5f}+ eGg] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] k|lzIfs xl/ v8\sfn] atfPsf 5g\ .

tfhls:tfgdf h]7 !@ ;DkGg km]l:6andf g]kfnn] Pp6} v]n xf/]g . Pp6} v]n gxfg]{ csf]{ 6f]nL O/fg xf] . km]l:6andf kmfOgn geP klg g]kfnn] ;d"x r/0fdf blIf0f Pl;ofsf] alnof] 6f]nL kfls:tfgnfO{ !–) n] x/fpFb} ljhoL ;'?cft u/]sf] lyof] . blIf0f Pl;ofsf] gofF zlQmckmuflg:tfglj?4 @–) sf] ljho kfPsf] g]kfnn] tfhls:tfg;Fu @–@ sf] a/fa/L v]n]sf] lyof] .

…km'6andf xf/–lhtdfq x'Fb}g . Pstf, zflGt / ljsf;df klg km'6ann] ;3fpF5 . ljZjnfO{ g]kfn ;+s6df 5 eGg] yfxf lyof] . o:tf] a]nf g]kfnn] s;/L km'6an v]Ng ;S5 eGg] lyof],Ú k|lzIfs v8\sfn] eg], …xfdL tfhls:tfg k'Ubf w]/} /fi6«n] xfd|f]af/] pT;'stf /fv] . xfdLnfO{ cK7]/f] cj:yfdf klg km'6an v]Ng ;S5f}+ eGg] b]vfpg' lyof] . d]/f v]nf8Ln] To;nfO{ k|dfl0ft klg    ul/lbP .Ú

cGo cGt/fli6«o ;xeflutfeGbf s]xL leGg p2]Zo lnP/ lszf]/x¿ tfhls:tfg k'u]sf lyP . eUgfjz]ifaf6 p7\g] c7f]6 lnPsf pgLx¿n] x/]s v]ncl3 e"sDkdf k/]/ Hofg u'dfPsf xhf/f}+ g]kfnLsf] ;Demgfdf Ps ldg]6 df}g wf/0f ug]{ uy]{ .

rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg

cj dw]zsf] klg lrQ a'emfpF

gofF ;+lawfg cfPsf] eGb} g]kfnL snfsf/x?n] klg lgs} v'zL dgfP . pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] snf dfkm{t cj dw]zjf;Lx?sf] klg lrQ a'emfpg' kg]{ larf/ /fv] .

t/n /fhgLltsf sf/0f d'n's 36gfdo ePklg  k|ultsf] af6f]df ult kqmg g;s]sf] a]nf ;+ljwfg hgtfnfO{ /fxt ePsf] 5 . a'wjf/ ;fFem nfdf] k|ltIff kl5 cfpg nfu]sf] ;+ljwfg kfl/t x'Fb} lyof] . of] jif{sf] lthsf] lbg klg lyof] Tof] . ;+ljwfg cfpg] kSsf ePkl5 ;fdflhs ;~hfn o;sf] kIfljkIfsf ts{n] el/P .

To;}a]nf, cleg]qL s]sL clwsf/Lsf] km];a's :6f6;df …g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ b'O{ ltxfO{ dtn] kfl/t . P]ltxfl;s lbg . j|t ;kmn ePem}F eof] .Ú eGg] jfSo kf]i6 ul/g . tLhsf] Tof] ;fFem w]/} g]kfnLsf] h:t} snfsf/x?sf] Wofg klg ;+ljwfg;efdf tflgof] . ;+ljwfg cfpg] kSsf ePkl5 s]sLn] elgGf\ …dlxnfx?sf] j/ k'/f ePsf] 5 .Ú 

klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg Nofpg g;s]kl5 ;ef;bx? em's]sf lz/ lnP/ lxF8]sf] pgn] klg b]v]sL lyOg\ . bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;efsf ;ef;b\x? eg]  To;/L lxF8\g' k/]g . ;+ljwfg kfl/t ePkl5 pgLx?sf] cg'xf/ pHofnf] ePsf] s]sLn] l6ledf x]/]sL lyOg\ . …;ef;bx?df b]lvPsf] v'zL ;fob lbge/ j|t a:g] nfvf}+ dlxnfx?sf] sfdgfsf] kmn xf] .Ú s]sLn] eg]sL 5g …cem egf}+ dlxnfx?sf] cfWoflTds zlQmsf] k|efj xf] .Ú

cfkm} ;ef;b\ aG5' eGb} efif0f u/]/ lgs} rrf{df cfPsL cleg]qL /]vf yfkf klg lgs} v'zL eO{g gofF ;+lawfg cfPkl5 . …eujfg s;d d klxnf]k6s olt w]/} v';L ePFÚ cfkm' klg eljZodf /fhgLlts If]qd} nfUg] pb\3f]if ul/;s]sL /]vfsf] v'zLsf] l;df /x]g . ;+ljwfg cfpg] lbg 3/df lbkfjnL ug]{ ;f]r lyof] pgsf] . …;/sf/n] g} labf lbof] . To;n] cem} v'zL yk]sf] 5 .Ú /]vfn] elgg\ .

g]kfnL snfsf/x? /fhgLlt;Fu slt glhs 5g\ eg], klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg gag]kl5 s]xL snfsf/x?n] lsl/of ul/lbPsf lyP . xfF:o snfsf/ s]bf/ l3ld/], l;tf/fd s§]nn] skfn vf}l/P / s'~hgf l3ld/]n] / ;]tf] j:q dfq nufOgg\ Ps 5fs klg 5f]8]sf lyP . wGg o;kfnL eg] pgLx?n] To;f] ug{' k/]g .

…d]/L af:;}Ú xf:o 6]ln>[+vnfdf w'd{';sf] gfdjf6 k|Voft s§]n ;+ljwfg kfl/tsf] va/n] v'a v';L eP . pgnfO{ nfU5 e"sDkn] xNnfP/ w]/}sf] ljhf]u eP klg g]tfx?sf] a'l4 ;kmf ePsf] 5 . …e"sDkn] g]tfx?df ;b\a'4L lbPsfn] g]kfnLn] of] v'zL kfPsf x'GfÚ pgsf] ts{ 5 .

/fli6«otfn] snfsf/nfO{ l56} 5'G5 . o;;Fu hf]l8Psf] /fhgLltn] g5'g] s'/} ePg, To;}n] t ufos k|df]b v/]nn] ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g] lbg g} …d ;lxb ePF  /] cfdf===Ú af]nsf] uLt ;fj{hlgs u/] . ;+ljwfg kfl/t x'Fb} ubf{ v/]nn] Oltxf;tkm{ kms]{/ ;f]r] /] .

…^% jif{cl3 aLkL sf]O/fnfn] hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg hgtfn] cfkm}F n]Vg kfpg'k5{ eGb} u/]sf] jsfnt clxn] k'/f ePsf] 5,Ú pgn] eg],…bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 dfq xf]Og ^% jif{cl3b]lvsf] dfu k'/f ePsfn] v';L gx'g] sf] xf]nf <Ú

k~rfot lj?4 sljtf n]v]/ / gf6s u/]/ ;8s ttfpg] gf6\osdL{ cz]if dNn …g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@Ú k|utLlzn  ePsf] 7fG5g\ . …of] ;+ljwfg kfl/t ePkl5 jiff}{+b]lvsf] bf;Tjaf6 xfdL hgtfn] d'lQm kfof}F em}+ nfUof]Ú pgn] eg]sf 5g …ckjfb afx]s ;a} gful/ssf] clwsf/ :ki6;Fu ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5, To;}n] of] ;a}nfO{ ldNg] ;+ljwfg xf] .Ú klxrfg / wd{sf] ax; eg] pgn] ?rfpFbf /x]g 5g\ . …klxrfg / wd{ s;}n] n]lv/xg' kb}{g . of] cfkm}+ aGg] s'/f xf] . o; If0fdf ;a} s'/f e'n]/ v'zL dgfcf}+Ú pgsf] cfu|x 5 .

snfsf/ xl/j+z cfrfo{sf] egfO{df gofF ;+ljwfg aGg' eg]sf] gofF 3/df ;g{' h:t} xf] . …cGtl/d ;+ljwfg 8]/f h:tf] xf] / gofF ;+ljwfg cfˆg} gofF 3/ h:tf] xf] . 8]/faf6 cfˆg} 3/df ;bf{ h:tf] cg'e'lt x'G5 dnfO{ To:t} eof]Ú pgn] eg] .

oL ;a} snfsf/n] /fhgLlts bn / g]tfx¿sf] k|z+;f u/] . …* jif{kl5 kmls{Psf] v';LÚ nfO{ ;sf/fTds dfGg' kg]{ pgLx?sf] ljrf/ 5 . cfrfo{s} dtdf gf6\osdL{ cz]if dNn klg ;xdlt hgfpF5g\ . pgL t cem klxn]sf g/fd|f] /fhgLlt ;Dem]/ g]tfnfO{ ufnL ul/xfNg] kIfdf 5}gg\ . eG5Gf\ …/fhgLlts lx;fan] xfd|f] ;dfh klxn]b]lv g} ljs[t ePsfn] g]tfx¿ o;af6 s;/L d'Qm xf]pg\ / < t}klg b]z} lynlynf] k/]sf] o; If0fdf ;+ljwfg lbg] g]tfnfO{ wGojfb lbG5' .Ú

snfsf/x?n] t/fO{df eO/x]sf] c;Gtf]if k|lt eg] lrGtf JoQm u/] . gofF ;+ljwfgdf ;s];Dd pgLx?nfO{ klg ;Gt'i6 agfpg pgLx?n] hf]8 lbPsf 5g .

n]v

;+lawfgn] zf;g k2ltsf l;4fGtx? to u5{

c?0f a/fnsf] l6Kk0fL

…;+ljwfg /fd|f] eP/dfq k'Ub}g, o;sf] sfof{Gjog– stf{df OdfGbfl/tf / k|ltj4tf x'g h?/L 5Ú ;+ljwfgn] zf;g–k2ltsf l;4fGtx? to u5{, ;+ljwfgn] a'l4 ljj]s / Ifdtf eg] afF8\g ;Sb}g .Ú

;+ljwfgn] g]tfx?nfO{ a'l4 lbFb}g eGg] of] egfO ;+ljwfg;efsf lgjt{dfg cWoIf ;'jf;rG› g]Djfªn] cfOtaf/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] clGtd a}7sdf JoQm ;Djf]wgsf] c+z xf] .

sfg"gsf 1ftf;d]t /x]sf g]Djfªn] ;+ljwfgsf] l;4fGtsf af/]df JoQm u/]sf] ;f/ule{t dGtJon] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Pj+ ;+j}wflgs Oltxf;df Pp6f 7f]; dfu{lgb]{zg u/]sf] dx;'; ug{ ;lsG5 . g]Djfªn] ;+ljwfg /fd|f] eP/ dfq} gk'Ug] eGb} o;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ g]t[Tjdf e/ kg]{ :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ . /fi6«kltsf] 5]pdf a;]/ g]Djfªn] eg] …gofF ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5, o;sf s]xL ;+s]tx? clxn] g} b]lvPsf klg 5g\ . ;+ljwfg /fd|f] eP/dfq k'Ub}g, o;sf] sfof{Gjogstf{df OdfGbfl/tf / k|ltj4tf x'g h?/L 5 . l;+u} d'n's xfFSg] g]tfx?nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf /fv]/ g]Djfªn] eg]sf 5Gf\ …;+ljwfgn] zf;g k2ltsf l;4fGtx? to u5{, ;+ljwfgn] a'l4 ljj]s / Ifdtf eg] afF8\g ;Sb}g .Ú

gofF ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjogdf xfdL ;a} ;kmn x'g]5f}++ eGg] ljZjf; JoQm ub}{ g]Djfªn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf b]lvPsf] bnx?jLrsf] Pstf o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf klg b]lvof];\ eGg] cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .

of] ;+ljwfg k"0f{ 5}g M g]Djfª

;+ljwfg;efaf6 hf/L ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgdf cem} klg sltko sdL sdhf]/Lx? x'g ;Sg] g]Djfªn] :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . …of] Pp6f /fhgLlts ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfsf] ;femf b:tfa]h xf]Ú g]Djfªsf] egfO 5 …of] ztk|ltzt k"0f{, k/km]S6 gx'g ;S5, ;a}sf], ;a} s'/f gk/]sf] x'g ;S5 .Ú g]Djfªn] cfhsf] lbgnfO{ ;+j}wflgs Oltxf;sf] cGTo xf]Og, k|f/De 7fGg cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . …;+ljwfg kfl/t ug{' eg]sf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf] ;dflKt ug{' xf]Og, a? ;+ljwfgsf] ljsf;qmdsf] ;'?jft xf] eGg] xfdL ;a}n] ;Demg' cfjZos 5, pgsf] egfO 5 …o;}k6s cfkm"n] eg]sf] h:tf] ePg eg]/ k|fKt pknAwLx?sf] dxTj sd ug]{ / hgfb]zsf] ;Ddfgdf cfFr cfpg] sfo{ ;a}n] klg gu/f}+ eGg] d ljgd| cg'/f]w u5{' .Ú

hgtfsf] dg lht]/ hgk|ltlwdfkm{t\ eljZodf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 7fpF /x]sf] g]Djfªsf] egfO 5 . pgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] clGtd a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ eg]sf 5Gf\ …yk ug{'kg]{ ljifox?nfO{ nf]stflGqs ljlwaf6 ;+ljwfgdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] ;+j}wflgs cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5 . hgtfsf] dg lhTb} hgk|ltlglwwdfkm{t\ ;+zf]wg ub}{ cufl8 a9\g d ;a}nfO{ cfu|x ub{5' . o;sf nflu pko'Qm cfwf/ ;+ljwfgn] tof/ u/]sf]    5 .Ú

g]Djfªn] cufl8 eg]sf 5Gf\ …;+ljwfg ;dfj]zL 5, clxn];Ddsf qmflGt / cfGbf]ngsf] pknAwL ;+:yfut ePsf] 5 / cufl8 a9\g] cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg ;do;Fu} ljsl;t x'Fb} hfG5 / kl/kSjtf k|fKt ub{5 .Ú

;+ljwfg ljj/0ffTdsh:tf] b]lvP klg hgtfaf6 ;'emfjsf ?kdf cfPsf s'g} ljifo g5'6'g\ eg]/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{tfx? lgb]{lzt ePsf] atfpFb} g]Djfªn] eg]sf 5Gf\ …hgtfsf ;'emfjnfO{ ;d]6\bf To;f] x'g uPsf] xf] .Ú

g]tfx?;Fu g]Djfªsf] ck]Iff

;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf cj;/df hlt;'s} hl6ntf b]vf k/]klg Pstfj4 eO{ s8fOsf ;fy ;fdgf ug{ g]Djfªn] g]tfx?nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof cToGt nf]stflGqs, kf/bzL{ / ;xeflutfd"ns /x]sf] g]Djfªsf] bfaL 5 . %)& hgf ;b:on] kfl/t ug]{ kIfdf dt hfx]/ u/]sf] / %& ;b:on] k|lqmofnfO{ alx:sf/ u/]sf] eGb} d"nk|ltdf %#& ;b:on] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ePtf klg ca ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g] k|of; lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg g]Djfªn] g]tfx?nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .

ca ;+ljwfg alg;s]kl5 zf;sLo ;'Joj:yf sfod ug]{tkm{ ;a}sf] Wofg hfg cfjZos /x]sf]df g]Djfªsf] hf]8 5 . …cGoyf ;+ljwfg nf]stflGqs x'Fb}df To;sf] sfof{Gjog / ;~rfng ;d'lrt 9+uaf6 ug{ ;lsPg eg] ;fdflhs ;befj;lxtsf] Gofok"0f{ ;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ xfd|f] ;kgf ck"0f{ g} /xg]5 eGg]tkm{ ;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg rfxG5'Ú g]Djfªn] cfOtaf/ zLif{g]tfx?sf ;fd'Gg]df eg] …o;tkm{ ;a} dfggLo ;b:ox?nfO{ ;hu /xg cfu|x ug{ rfxG5' .Ú

/fli6«o Pstf / cv08tfdf s'g} klg ;Demf}tf x'g ;Sb}g eGb} t/, cg]s hfthflt efiffefifL Pj+ ef}uf]]lns ljlzi6tfnfO{ ;d]6\g] :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] sfdgf g]Djfªn] bf]xf]¥ofPsf 5g\ .

k'/fgf] g]t[Tj, gofF ;+ljwfg

lgjt{dfg ;efWoIf g]Djfªn] 7Ls} eg]sf x'Gf, ;+ljwfg /fd|f] eP/dfq} k'Ub}g, ca g]tfx?n] o;nfO{ s;/L sfof{Gjog u5{g, d'n'ssf] eljZo To;}df lge{/ ug]{5 . t/, b'v;fy eGg'k5{ b]zdf gofF ;+ljwfg cfPsf] ePtf klg xfd|f g]tfx? k'/fg} 5Gf,               u}/lhDd]jf/, ;+sL0f{, e|i6 Pj+ ;fDk|bflos g]tfx?n] gofF ;+ljwfgnfO{ /fd|f];Fu sfof{Gjog ug]{df ;xh} kTofOxfNg] cj:yf 5}g .

;+ljwfgdf dw];L, yf?, cflbjf;L–hghfltsf s}+of}+ clwsf/x? ;'lglZrt ul/P klg s]xL clwsf/x? cfof]un] ;Ldf+sg 6'Uofpg] a]nf;Dd Jojl:yt ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . t/, Pdfn] / sf+u|];sf] jt{dfg g]t[Tj g]kfnsf ;a} hfthfltk|lt cg'bf/ /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] ;+sL0f{ g]t[Tjn] ef]ln k|wfgdGqL, u[xdGqL nufotsf] lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]kl5 ;a}sf] efjgfnfO{ ;+ljwfgdf ;d]6\g] ljifodf uDeL/tf b]vfpF5 of hftLo lj4]ifnfO{ yk dnhn u5{ eGg] 7"nf] cfz+sf 5 . /, pxL cfz+sfsf sf/0f dw];df olta]nf eo+s/ c;Gtf]if k|s6          eO/x]sf] oyfy{ 5 .

;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogsf] klxnf] r'gf}tL eg]sf] ax'hftLo g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ ;a} hflt / ;d'bfonfO{ ljZjf;df lng] / pgLx?sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ xf] . t/, k|d'v bnx?sf] a}7sdf s]kL cf]nL, dfwj g]kfn, s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nf, z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, eLd          /fjn nufotsf] k|:t'tL ;'Gbf pgLx? /fli6«o g]tf xf]Og ls If]qLo g]tfdfq} x'g vf]lh/x]sf] k|ltt x'G5 .

;d]6\g'kg]{ 5, ;a} hfthfltnfO{, t/ xfd|f g]tfx? PshftLo cx+sf/ k|s6 ul//x]sf 5g\ . sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf g]tfx?sf] o:tf] ;fDk|bflos a'l4n] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] s;/L sfof{Gjog xf]nf < of] uDeL/ r'gf}tL ;f]daf/ laxfg}b]lv ;'? x'g]5 . g]Djfªn] 7Ls eg]sf x'Gf, ;+ljwfg ag]s} lbgb]lv r'gf}lt b]lvO;s]sf] 5 .

To;}n] ;a}eGbf klxn] clxn]sf] k'/fgf] g]t[Tjn] ug{'kg]{ sfd eg]sf] pgLx?n] cfkm"nfO{ dw];L, yf?, hghflt ;a}sf] ;femf / /fli6«o g]tfsf ?kdf :yflkt ug{' g} xf] . ljZjf;sf] dfWodaf6 Psfk;df ;fdflhs ;befj sfod u/fpg' g} clxn]sf] /fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf] d"n r'gf}tL xf] . tLg g]tfn] efif0f ub}{df x'Fb}g, o;sf nflu g]tfx?sf] …dfOG8 ;]6Ú abNg h?/L 5 . cfkm";Fu yf]/} c;xdt x'g]hltnfO{ ef/tLo bnfn eG7fGg] sf+u|];–Pdfn]sf g]tfx?sf] dfgl;stfn] nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog x'g ;Sb}g .

ljhos'df/ uR5bf/nfO{ ;d]6\g g;Sg] ;+sL0f{ g]tfx?n] ca s;/L c?nfO{ ;d]6\5g\ < ;'jf; g]Djfªn] eg]sf 5Gf …;+ljwfg hlt;'s} /fd|f] eP klg o;n] a'l4 lbFb}g .Ú

bf];|f] r'gf}tL e|i6 g]t[Tj

gofF ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug]{ g]t[Tjdf To:tf JoLQmx? 5Gf, h;n] )$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{gkl5 @^ jif{;Dd ;Qfdf k'u]/ klg d'n'sdf ;Demg nfos s'g} sfd u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;'8fg 3f]6fnfdf k|+x/L hjfgsf] ufF;df e|if6frf/ u/]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sfx? km]l/ dGqL aGb}5g\ . s]kL cf]nLn] cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf] s'/f ul//fVbf pgs} bnsf] dlGqd08ndf phf{dGqLdfly e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5 .

g]tfx? qmf]lgs k'Flhjfbsf sld;g Ph]G6h:tf ag]sf 5g\ . tnb]lv dfly;Dd tLg bnsf g]tf sfo{stf{n] /fHonfO{ bf]xg u/]/ r/d e|i6frf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . g]tfx? l;+xb/af/b]lv uflj;;Dd e|i6frf/df 8'a]sf 5g\ . clVtof/;d]t e|i6frf/sf] cv8f ag]sf] 5 . Gofofnodf e|i6frf/ 5 . u/La b]z e|i6frf/n] emg} s+ufn ag]sf] 5 .

dGqL k|ToIf?kdf sld;gdf rN5g\ . g]tfsf] laxfg–a]n'sfsf] 5fs cb[Zo cfly{s ;|f]taf6 rN5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf oxL e|i6 g]t[Tjn] s;/L d'n'snfO{ cfly{s ;Dj[l4lt/ n}hfnf < ;+ljwfg t gofF cfof], t/ of] k'/fgf] e|i6 g]t[Tjn] ca s;/L b]zsf] k|ult unf{ < hgtfn] kTofOxfNg] l:ylt ljNs'n b]lvFb}g .

o:tf] nfU5, gofF ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog k'/fgf g]tfx?sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf cfPsf] 5 . u0f]zdfg zflGt cleofgsf gfddf b]zsf] 9's'6Laf6 %) nfv vr{ ug]{x?n] b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf; unf{g\ eg]/ kTofpgsf nflu …9fF6sf] lgDtf] vfP/ dfq} kTofpg'kg]{ cj:yf   5 .Ú To;}n] ;+ljwfg /fd|f] ag] klg ;fDk|bflos / e|i6 g]t[Tjaf6 o;sf] sfof{Gjo ;kmn x'g] gx'g]df lgs} 7"nf] cfz+sf ug]{ 7fpF 5 . oL g]tfx?af6 cfzf u/f}+, e/ gk/f}+ eGg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . /, ca ldl8ofn] o;df g]tfx?nfO{ af/Daf/ va/bf/L ul//xg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 .

cGTodf, km]l/ pg} g]Djfªsf] egfO :d/0f u/f}+ …;+ljwfgn] a'l4 / ljj]s afF8\g ;Sb}g, ;+ljwfg /fd|f] eP/ dfq k'Ub}g, o;sf] sfof{Gjogstf{df OdfGbfl/tf / k|ltj4tf x'g h?/L 5 . gofF ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5, o;sf s]xL ;+s]tx? clxn] g} b]lvPsf klg 5g\ .Ú

cGt/jftf{

lajfx x'Fbf dfbn ahfpF5f}F, gfrufg u5f+}{

;fwf/0f dfG5] eGbf 5'§} klxrfg ePsf cfkm\g} k|sf/sf] snf, ;+:sf/, ;F:s[lt, e]ife';f / klxrfg ePsf /fp6] ;d'bfo . h+undf km]/Lkm]/L a:tL a:g] u5{g /fp6]x? . dfga lasf;sf] O{ltxf;sf] cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 . dfG5];+u sd af]Ng], PsfGtnfO{ laz]if ?rfpg] pgLx?sf :jefa x'g . b]z b'lgofFsf] /fhgLlt eGbf 6f9} /x]sf pgLx?sf] cfkm\g} k|sf/sf] ;+:sf/ 5 . k}F;f 5f]Pklg kfk nfU5 eGg] laZjf; ePsf /fp6] ;d'bfo clxn] bz}F eAo dgfpgsf nfuL lhNnfsf k|d'vx?;+u ?k}ofF ;+sng u5{g . clxn] /fp6]x?sf s/La $) kl/jf/ c5fdsf] lagfosdf 5g . cfpFb} u/]sf] bz}Fsf nfuL vr{ ;+sng ug{ 8f]6L k'u]sf /fp6]sf d'lvof ;'o{ gf/fo0f lzl/z zfxL;+u laDa ;fKtflxssf ;dfrf/ k|d'v s0f{ rGbn] u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/ ;+If]k .

d'lvof hL, cf/fd x'g'x'G5 <

l7s} 5, /fd|} 5 .

cfhsn tkfO{x? stf a:g' ePsf] 5 <

c5fdsf] lagfosdf s0ff{nL c~rn glhs .

Tof] 7fpFdf a;f]jf; ug]{ slt kl/jf/ x'g'xG5 /fp6]sf <

$) 3/ 5g, @)) hlt x'G5f}F xf]nf ;j}u/L .

slt ;do eof] Tof] 7fpFdf a;f]jf; ug{ cfPsf] <

Ps dlxgf hlt eof] xf]nf .

tkfO{x? lsg ;w}+e/L 7fpF ;fb}{ lx8\g' x'G5 <

xfdLnfO{ o:t} dg k5{ . xfdL g]kfne/L 3'Dg] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF hfg] .

xfn;Dd slt lhNnf 3'Dg' eof] <

bfª, 88]Nw'/f, s}nfnL, c5fd, b}n]v o:t} o:t} w]/} 7fpF k'luof] .

c5fddf a:g' x'G5 clg 8f]6L lsg cfpg' ePsf] xf] <

bz}F vr{ h'6fpgsf nfuL .

sfF sfF jf6 h6fpg' eof] t bz}+ vr{ <

;/sf/L sfof{no;+u dfUg cfPsf] xf}+, l;l8cf], k|x/L / lhNnf lasf;jf6 dfUof}+ . o;/L ;+sng u/]sf] k};f s;/L afF8\g' x'G5 <

;a}nfO{ a/fa/L efu nufp5f}F . cl:t c5fdsf l;l8cf] ;fx]an] lbg' ePsf]     lyof] . Ps–Ps xhf/ afF8]sf] .

tkfO{x? bz}F s;/L dgfpg' x'G5 <

df/ xfg]/, af]sf 9fNg' k5{ . /fd|};+u dgfpF5f}F .

bz}Fdf s]–s] vfg' x'G5 <

eft vfG5f}F, v;Lsf] df;' vfG5f}F .

Tof] lbg afFw/sf] df;' vfg' x'Gg <

anL lbg} k5{ -af]sf sf6\g' k5{_ xf]Og eg] b]ptf l/;fpF5 .

s'g s'g hgfj/x?sf] df;' vfg'x'G5 <

afFb/, u'gf / v;Lsf] .

e};Lsf] df;' vfg' x'G5 ls vfg'x'Gg <

o:tf] geGg' xf]; xh'/ xfdL vfGgf}+ e};Lsf] df;' .

s'g b]ptfsf] k'hf ug'{x'G5 <

di6f] b]ptf k'H5f}F .

l6sf nufpg' x'G5 <

nufpGgf}F .

hd/f nufpg' x'G5 <

Tof] t nufpF5f}F .

bz}+ cfPsf] tkfO{x?nfO{ s;/L yfxf hfgsf/L x'G5 <

sf]xL dfG5]af6 yfxf x'G5 .

k9\g n]Vg cfpF5 <

cfpFb}g .

lax] sf]–sf] ;+u x'G5 <

cfkm\gf] leq} .

lax] ubf{ afhf ahfpg' x'G5 <

dfbn ahfpF5f}F . gfrufg u5f}{ .

dfbn cfkm}n] agfpg' x'G5 <

-xfF:b}_ xf]O{g, xfdL cfkm} jgfpFb}gf}+ afbLn] agfO{ lbG5 .

/S;L vfg' x'G5 <

cnL–cnL vfG5f}+, 7'nf] ef/L p7fpFbf v]/L .

;lt{ <

c vfG5' .

slt 5g tkfO{sf 5f]/f5f]/Lx? <

Ps 5f]/f Ps 5f]/L .

;a} eGbf s'g vfgf dg k5{ <

;a} /fd} nfU5 . df;' klg /fd|}, eft klg /fd|}, /f]6L klg /fd|} x'G5, ;a} ld7} x'G5 .

lo dWo]df klg ;a} eGbf /fd|f] s] x'G5 <

df;' g} x'G5 . k]6 klg el/g] ld7f] klg x'g] .

s] sf] df;' ;a} eGbf dg k5{ <

;a} /fd|} x'G5 . ;a} df;' g} xf], km/s x'Fb}g .

tkfO{x? leq d'lvof s;/L 5fGg' x'G5 <

;a} hDdf x'G5f}F, 5nkmn u5f}F, ;a} eGbf hfGg] dfG5]nfO{ d'lvof agfpF5f}F .

b]zdf g]tfx? 5fGbf t lgs} w]/} lajfb x'g] u/]sf] 5, tkfO{x?sf aLrdf d'lvof 5fGbf emu8f÷laafb x'Fb}g <

x'Fb}g, ;a} e]nf x'G5f}F, ;j}sf] ;femf ;xdltdf d'lvof agfpF5f}F .

of] b]zsf s'g–s'g g]tfsf] gfd yfxf 5 <

afa'/fd e§/fO{, ;'zLn sf]O{/fnf, dfwa g]kfn, k|r08, k|sfz Hjfnf, emngfy vgfn, z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ lrG5f}F .

lo dWo] tkfO{nfO{ ;a} eGbf dg kg]{ g]tf sf] x'g <

;a} /fd|f] 5 . xfdL;+u ;a} /fd|f]–/fd|} s'/f u5{g . ;a} a'9f]–a'9f] 5 .

tkfO{ /fp6]sf] d'lvof, /fp6] leq emu8f ug{ lbg' x'Gg, ldnfP/ n}hfg' x'G5, g]tfx?n] ;a}nfO{ ldnfP/ n}hfg ;s]sf 5}gg, lajfb eO{/xG5, g]tfnfO{ s]xL eGg' x'G5 <

;j}nfO{ ldnfP/ h}nfg' k¥of] -xfF:b} eg]_

gofF aGg] ;+lawfgdf s] n]Vg' k5{ <

tkfO{ ;a} uP/ n]Vg' ePsf] 5, Tof] xfdLnfO{ dfGo x'G5 . oxfFn] n]v]sf] ;+lawfg xfd|f] klg xf] .

kqsf/n] s] u5{g <

kqsf/n] n]Vg] sfd u5{ .

h+unL hgfj/÷afFb/ dfg{ glbg] eGb} 5g lg s] ug'{ x'G5 <

ca s] eGg' /fp6]sf] sfn cfPsf] xf] eGg' k¥of] . afFw/÷u'gf gdf/L x'Fb}g .

;w}F afFw/ dfg'{ x'G5 <

l;sf/ lesf/sf] s]xL e/f];f x'Gg . slxn] x'G5 slxn] x'Fb}g .

;/sf/n] 3/ hUuf lbof], vfg a:g lbof] eg] eg]sf] 7fpFdf a:g' x'G5 <

a:b}gf}F xfdL . xfdLn] 3'Db} hfg' k5{ . Ps} 7fpFdf a:g dg kb}{g .

/ª gDj/

>[ªvnf &

bfofFafofF x]bf{ st} b]lvg . sl/a % ldg]6 hlt s6]sf] x'Fbf] xf] . tnaf6 dfyL lt/ cfpFb} u/]sf] Ps o'atL nfdf] skfn, df]6Ldf]6L, uf]nf] cg'xf/, lgwf/df l6sf, lhG;kfO{G6, :kf]6{; h'Qf o:t} lyof]  klx/gsf ;fy xfF:b} cfpFb} lyO{g . 7DofPF oxL dfG5] xf] .

d}n] g} eg] M gd:t]

eml:sb} elgg\ Mgd:t]

s:tf] /Xof] ofqf <

l7s} eof] .

-ca s] eGg' eGb} Ps k6s cndn k/]F_ vf; sfd s] lyof], xfd|f] lhNnfdf cfpg] <

d]/f] 3/ ot} t xf] .

clg c:tL cs}{ 7fpF eGg' ePsf] xf]O{g < -pT;'stfsf ;fy k|Zg u/]F_

clxn] xfdL s}nfnL a:5f}F To;}n] eg]sf] .

P xf]/, stf hfpF ca

tkfO{ stf hfg] xf], d t c:tLaf6 xf]6ndf a;]sL 5', Tot} nfU5' .

Ps k6s /GylgP h:t} ePF . e/s/ k'u]sf] dfG5] c:tLaf6 xf]6ndf a;]sf] 5' eG5] eGg] nfUof] km]/L :k:6 x'gsf nfuL ;f]w]F ,dnfO{ oxfFn] g} kmf]g u/]sf] xf]O{g <

-yfxf gePsf] efj b]vfpFb} egL_ slxn] slt a]nf <

klxnf b]lv, clxn] klg <

d}n] kmf]g u/]sf] 5}g .

s:n] u/]sf] xf] t, e/s/ oxfF af]nfosf], To;}n] cfPsf] tkfO{sf] gDa/ of] xf]O{g (*$*=====

xf]O{g -cln s8f :j/d} hjfkm lbO{g_ .

ToxL gDa/ 8fon u/]F -tkfO{n] 8fon ug'{ ePsf] gDa/ ;'O{r ckm, 6]nLdsn] hjfkm lbof]_

;/L em'lSsP 5' .

l7s} 5, d klg ;Demg g;s]sf] sf]xL cfkm\Gt xf]sL h:tf] nfUof] . -p olQ eg]/ lx8L+_

Yofª; u8, wGg ;dhbf/ a'em\g] dfG5] k/]5 alrof] gq t km;fbdf kl/g] . p c:tL z}n]Zj/L cfPsL 5' eGb} lyO{, cfh lbkfon cfPsL 5' of] ;a lbdfu rf6\g] sfd x'Fb}5 eGg] lgZsif{ lgsfn]F . lhNn k/]/ kmls{PF .

nf]s;]jfsf] tof/Lsf nflu pkof]uL

a:t'ut k|Zgx? M

!= af]cfcf] Pl;of kmf]/dsf] aflif{s ;Dd]ngsf ;Gbe{df /fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjåf/f rLgsf] e|d0f slxn] eof] <

— lj=;+ @)&! r}q !@ b]lv !*

@= @)&! r}q bf];|f] ;ftf /fhwfgLdf ;DkGg klxnf] g]kfN; sn]h l8ef ckm b O{o/ @)!% sf] pkflw lhTg] o'jtL sf] x'g <

— ;h'd s6'jfn

#= lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u lgodfjnL, @)%& sf] gjf}+ ;+zf]wg slxn] ePsf] xf] <

— ;+ @)&! df3 @^ ut]

$= JolQmut 36gf btf{nfO{ nlIft u/L ;/sf/n] s]G›Lo k~hLs/0f ljefusf] :yfkgf u/L cf}krfl/s ;'?jft slxn] u¥of] <

— lj=;+ @)&! r}q * ut]

%= blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6«aLr ;+uLtsf dfWodn] ;DaGw /fVg] p2]Zon] ;g\ @)!# df :yflkt ;fpy Pl;og Do'lhs cjf8{af6 ;g\ @)!% df ;Ddflgt x'g] ufos sf] x'g\ <

— ufos /fds[i0f 9sfn

^= pTs[i6 dfgj ;+zf;g Joj:Yffks @)!$ sf] pkflw s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] <

— s[i0f/fh rf}w/L

&= cfO{Sofg, ljZj a}+s / sGkm]8/];g ckm Pl;og PG8 Kofl;lkms PsfpG6]G6\;;Fusf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ;fj{hlgs If]q ljlQo Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ng slxn] ;DkGg eof] <

—lj=;+ @)&! r}q !$ / !%

*= Pl;ofnL /fi6« l;+ufk'/nfO{ ljZjsf ;d[4 /fi6«sf] sf] ;"rLdf k'¥ofpg] /fi6« g]tf ln Sjfg o' sf] (! aif{sf] pd]/df slxn] lgwg eof] <

— ;g\ @)!% dfr{ @#

(= lj=;+ @)&! r}q !) df ;DkGg l;lgo/ PslbjzLoo /fli6«o lqms]6sf] pkflw s;n] lhTof] <

— lqe'jg cfdL{ Sna

!)= lj=;= @)&! r}q !) df ;fj{hlgs Pl;ofnL ljsf; kl/b[Zo @)!% cg';f/ rfn' cf=j )&!÷&@ df g]kfnsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ slt x'g] cg'dfg 5 <

— $=^ k|ltzt

!!= rfn' cf=j @)&!÷&@ sf] klxnf] * dlxgfdf /fh:j ;+sngsf] j[l4b/ slt /x]sf] 5 <

— !#=$( k|ltzt

!@= lzIff;DaGwL gofF gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ p2]Zo cg'?k ;/sf/n] xfn} pRr:t/Lo /fli6«o lzIff cfof]u slxn] u7g ul/of] <

— lj=;+ @)&! r}q !#

!#= OG;'lng s];Fu ;DalGwt 5 <

— dw'd]x

!$= b /fO{lhª g]kfnsf k|yd ;Dkfbs sf] lyP <

— a?0f zdz]/

!%= h}ljs ljljwtf ;DaGwL ;lGw s'g ;Dd]ngdf k|:t't ePsf] lyof] <

— l/of] ;Dd]ng

!^= s'g ;EotfnfO{ j}lbs ;Eotf eg]/ klg lrlgG5 <

— cfo{ ;Eotf

!&= Ps lbgdfq ;~rfng ePsf] ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ng s'g xf] <

— 5}6f}

!*= ;g\ @)!% km]a|'c/L !$ b]lv dfr{ @( ;Dd ci6]lnof / Go'lhNof08df ;+o'Qm ?kdf cfof]lht !! cf} ljZjsk lqms]6 @)!% sf] pkflw lhTg] /fi6« s'g xf] <

— ci6]lnof

!(= !! cf} ljZjsk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfsf ;j{>]i7 v]nf8L sf] 3f]lfift eP <

— ldr]n :6fs{, ci6]lnof

@)= ci6«]lnof / Go"lhNof08df xfn} ;DkGg ljZksk lqms]6 @)!% ;DalGw ;fdfGo hfgsf/L

s_ ljh]tf M ci6«]lnof v_  pkljh]tf M Go"lhNof08   u_ Kn]o/ ckm b 6'gf{d]G6 M ldr]n :6fs{ -* v]naf6 @@ ljs]6, Pe/]h !)=!*,j]i6 ^÷@*_   3_ Dofg ckm b kmfOgn M h]D; kmfpNsg]/ -( 

 cf]e/df #÷#^_ ª_ ;jf{lws ljs]6 M :6fs{ / 6«]G6 apN6 -@@÷@@_   r_ ;jf{lws /g M dfl66{  

u'lKtn  -%$& /g_  h_ ;jf{lws JolQmut /g M @#& g6 cfp6 u'lKtn

;flxTo÷;[hgf

;'jf; hlt dL7f] lsg gxf];\

au}rfdf b]lvg] km"nx?

;a} ;'Gb/ b]lvFb}gGf\

of] ;+;f/df Pp6f dfG5]nfO{

lk|o nfUg] s'g} a:t'

csf]{nfO{ lk|o gnfUg ;S5

lsgls

To;sf] cfsf/ k|sf/ x]g]{

b[li6sf]0f km/skm/s x'G5

To;sf] cf]hg gfKg]

t/fh' km/skm/s x'G5 .

P ;+ljwfg Û

d}n] ;'g]sf] 5'

ltdL cfpFb} 5f} /]

ltd|f] :jfut ug{ s]xL dfG5]x?

xif{ pNnf;sf ;fy

lbkfjnL dgfpg] tof/Ldf 5g\ /]

ltd|f] la/f]w ug{ s]xL dfG5]x?

sfnf] em08f b]vfpg] tof/Ldf 5g\ /] .

;a}nfO{ Pp6} /+u

sxfF dg k5{ /

s;}nfO{ /ftf] dg knf{

s;}nfO{ sfnf] dg knf{

s;}nfO{ ;]tf] kg knf{

t/ ltdL tl;{P/ gefUg'

d kms]{/ hfp elGbg

d klg ltd|f] :jfut ug]{ g} 5' .

a? ;a}sf Åbo / em'k8Ldf

af; a:g] ul/

cfo' nfdf] af]s]/ cfpg'

tf ls ltdLnfO{ hGdfpg

km]l/ d]/f xhf/f}+ ;Gtltx?n]

alnbfg ug{ gk/f];\ .

6+saxfb'/ emfFqmLdu/ …;dLk a}/fuLÚ

ld?n, /f]Nkf

xfn ;Ldfkfl/

cfkm"n] ufO{uf]7 / s'6f]sf]bfnf] u/]/

dnfO{ cfOP, laP / PdP k9fpg]

cfkm" plQ;, lrnfpg] / v:?sf ?v r9]/

dnfO{ d]6«f], /]n / xjfOhxfh r9fpg]

d]/f af

af, nfx'/L e}+;L wkfpg], xnuf]? gfg]{

:jtGq d 7fn' kN6]/ b]z–ljb]z rxfg]{

af, ds}sf] l9+8f] /fof]sf] u'G›'s;Fu vfg]

d lkHhf / au{/ rfVb} ;kgfsf ;x/lt/ hfg]

v/kfvf]df v/sf d'7f afFWg] …kfv]Ú d]/f af

nfv–nfvsf la6f ;f]xf]g]{ ;kgf af]s]sf] …nfv]Ú d

cfkm" cfwf k]6 vfP klg :jb]zL jf;gf 8sfg]{

dnfO{ Ú6Gg gvfP/ b'Anfpnf;Ú cf;on] xsfg]{

cfˆgf /x/x¿ kf]Ng], OR5f–cfsf+Iffx¿ 89fpg]

km]bd} a;]/ sfFw yfkL yfkL dnfO{ w"/L r9fpg]

d]/f af, ef]ln

ufpsf] kfvf], af/L, ufO r/g / uf]/]6f] la;]{/

d]/f nfvsf la6fn] ;x/sf dxn tfSnfg

afnfO{ k'vf{s} lhpgLynf] Kof/f] nfUnf

p:;} /xnf k'/fgf] 3/, kmf6]sf] 5fgf]

To:;} 5fl8Pnf eTs]sf] dem]/L, dlsPsf] vfFaf]

k|sf; ;fksf]6f

;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg

xflb{s jwfO{

c;f]h # ut] g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)&@ 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 . o; cj;/df d cfd g]kfnL hg;d'bfok|lt xflb{s awfO{ lbg rfxfG5' . gofF ;+lawfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf ;xeflu x'g] O{R5fsf ;fy d klg bf}>f] ;+lawfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf 8f]6L lgjf{rg If]q g+= ! jf6 pDd]bjf/ ePsf] lyPF . cfkm'nfO{ pQm cj;/ k|fKt gePklg cfh d]/f] Tof] O{R5f k'/f ePsf] 5 . o; cj;/df d cToGt} v'zL ePsf] 5' . hgtfsf] ;ft bzs nfdf] rfxfgf cfh k'/f ePsf] dx;'z u/]sf] 5' . of] ;+lawfgsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] z'esfdgf ;d]t JoQm ub{5' .

gf/b dnf;L

k"j{ cWoIf

g]skf Pdfn], 8f]6L

sd{rf/L cfjZostf ;DalGw ;"rgf

u|fdL0f ;d'bfo ljsf; s]Gb| -cf/=;L=8L=;L=_,3fªn 8f]6L / o"=Pd=Pg=8f]6L Sni6/sf]] ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/Ldf cf=j=@)&@÷)&# af6 ;~rfng x'g nfu]sf]] lzIff kl/of]hgfsf nflu tklzndf pNn]lvt sd{rf/Lx? cfjZos ePsf]n] of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbg leq b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/G5 .

;"rgf k|sfl;t ldlt M @)&@÷^÷@

b/vf:t k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt M @)&@ c;f]h !! ut] $=)) ah] leq .      

;Dks{ ldlt M @)&@÷^÷!@

k/LIff ldlt M @)&@÷^÷!# -ljxfg !! ah]_

k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt, cGt/jftf{ / k|of]ufTds     

;]jf tyf ;'ljwf M ;+:yfsf] lgod cg';f/

cfjZos ;+Vof / :yfg M

kb M sfo{qmd ;+of]hs,

;+Vof M ! hgf,

sfd ug]{ :yfg M 3fªn / a5}{g ufla;sf laBfnox?

cfjZos of]Uotf tyf cg'ej M

¨ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 lzIff ;+sfo tkm{ :gfts tx pQL{0f ul/ lzIff If]qdf slDtdf ltg jif{ sfd u/]sf] cg'ej ePsf] cyjf lzIff ;+sfoaf6 k|lj0ftf k|df0f kqtx pQL{0f ul/ slDtdf kfFr jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej ePsf] .

¨ lzIff If]qdf /x]sf cj;/ tyf r'gf}tLx?nfO{ a'lem kl/of]hgfnfO{ ;kmntf k'j{s sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf] .

¨ afnd}qL lzIf0f l;sfO{sf] ;"rsx? ;DjGwL 1fg / afnsNjx?sf] Ifdtf clej[4L ug{ ;Sg] .

¨ Affnd}qL lzIf0f l;sfO{nfO{ k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] l;h{gl;n Ifdtf ePsf] .

¨ lj=Jo=;, lz=c=;, lzIfs, cleefjs, ljBfyL{x? / >f]tJolQm;+u ;Dks{ ;dGjo u/L sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf] .

¨ of]hgf agfpg, sfof{Gjog ug{, cg'udg ug{ / k|ltj]bg n]vg ;DalGw cg'ej ePsf] .

¨ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf cfO{kg]{ r'gf}tLx?sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg'sf ;fy} pko'Qm lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf] .

¨ lhNnf tyf uflj;df /x]sf ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?;+u ;Dks{ ;dGjo ug'{sf ;fy} c;n ;DaGw :yflkt ul/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] .

¨ sDKo'6/ ;DalGw clkm; Kofs]h -MS Word, Excel, Power point, email internet) rnfpg ;Sg] Ifdtf x'g'sf] ;fy} ;+:yf;+u /fd|f] ;DjGw :yflkt ug{ ;Sg]]

¨ ;xhLs/0f, k|:t'tLs/0f / ;+rf/ ;DalGw /fd|f] 1fg tyf ;Lk ePsf] .

b/vf:tsf ;fy k]z ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx?M

¨ x:t lnlvt lgj]bg, jfof]8f6f ! k|lt, z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkLx?, k|fKt tflndx?sf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL, gful/stfsf] k|ltlnkL, ;DjlGwt If]qdf sfd u/]sf] sfo{cg'ej v'Ng] k|df0fsf k|ltlnkLx? .

b/vf:t k]z ug]{ :yfg M ;+:yfsf] ;Dks{ sfof{no, lb=l;=g=kf= $ O{Gb|rf}s 8f]6L jf ;+:yfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no 3fªn uflj; j8f g+= ^, rjfnf 8f]6L .

;Dks{ kmf]g M  )($–^()@^& / (&$()!)&)!÷(^!^

;Dks{ :yfg M lb=l;=g=kf= j8f g+= $ O{Gb|rf]s, 8f]6L

u|fXotf  M blnt, dlxnf tyf ;DjlGwt sfo{If]qsf] JolQmnfO{ ljz]if u|fx\otf lbO{g]5 .

gf]6 M Dofb gf3L cfPsf lgj]bg pk/ s'g} sf/jfxL x'g]5}g . k|f/lDes 5gf}6df k/]sfnfO{ dfq lnlvt / cGt/jftf{df ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5 . pd]/sf] xbdf !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . la1fkg ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;+:yfdf lglxt x'g]5 .           

kbk"lt{ ;ldlt

;"rgf Û ;"rgf ÛÛ ;"rgf ÛÛÛ

o; >L 306]Zj/ pRr dfla hf]/fon 8f]6Lsf] ±@ txdf k|flalws tyf Joj;flos wf/ cGt/ut s[lif jfnL la1fg ;d"x -I.Sc. AG_ sf] egf{ k|lqmof ;'? ePsf]n] cfjZos of]Uotf k'u]sf laBfyL{x?n] ;dod} egf{ eO{ cfkm\gf] l;6 ;'/lIft /fVg' x'g ;"lrt ul/G5 .

egf{ k|lqmof M c;f]hsf] bf]>f] ;ftf b]lv

k9fO{ ;'? M c;f]h t]>f] ;ftfb]lv

k|frfo{

w06]Zj/ pRr dfla hf]/fon, 8f]6L

dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] xsbfjL ;DjlGw #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf

k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&@÷%÷@(

       8f]6L vftLjf8f uf=lj=;=j8f g+=! l:yt ls=g+=&&$ P]=j8f g+=@ l:yt ls=g+=#)@, #^%, ^^& / *%! sf] hUuf emu/L 9f]nLsf] 5f]/f dg'jf 9f]nLsf] gfpFdf gfkgS;f e} >]:tf k'hf{ sfod ePsf]df dg'jf 9f]nLsf] ldlt M @)^%÷@÷% df d[To' e};s]sf], lghsf] z]ifkl5sf] xsbf/ b'O{ j6L klTg lvgf 9f]nL / xf0fL 9f]nL dfq ePsf]df xf0fL 9f]nLsf]] ldlt M @)&@÷@÷^ df d[To' e};s]sf] / lgh jf6 ;Gtfg 5f]/f 5f]/L sf]xL s]xL ge} ck'tfnL k/]sf] / lvgf 9f]nLsf] ldlt M @)&)÷^÷$ df d[To' eO{ ;s]sf]n] d[ts hUufwgL  dg'jf 9f]nLsf] z]ifkl5sf] xsbf/ Psdfq 5f]/f ljho 9f]nL dfq ePsf]n] d[ts hUufwgLsf] gfpFsf] k'/} 3/ hUufx? d]/f gfpFdf Psnf}6L gfd;f/L u/L kfpF elg skNn]sL uf=lj=;=sfof{no 8f]6L sf] r=g+=$$ ldlt M )&@÷%÷@$ sf] ls6fgL l;kmfl/;, d[tssf] gfd sf] h=w=k|=k'hf{, d[To' btf{ k|df0f–kq, gftfk|dfl0ft, g]kfnL gf=k|=k, dfnkf]t a'emfPsf] /l;b cfbL k|df0fx? ;fy} /fvL] d[ts dg'jf 9f]nLsf] 5f]/f ljho 9f]nLn] o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' ePsf]n] pQm hUuf ;DjGwdf s'g} s;}sf] xsbfjL k'Ug] eP jf gfd;f/L ug{ gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s #% -k}lt;_ lbg leq cfkm";Fu ePsf ;Ssn k|df0f ;fy sfof{nodf ph'/ bfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf cGoyf Dofb leq s'g} s;}n] ph'/L bfjL gu/] lgodfg';f/ e} hfg] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfåf/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . 

dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] xsbfjL ;DjlGw #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf

;"rgf k|yd k6s ldlt M @)&@÷%÷@(

       8f]6L ;/:jtLgu/ uf=lj=;=j8f g+=( l:yt ls=g+=#@%, ##%, #%^, #*@, #*%, #*(, $)), %@$, ^)), ^)!, ^!$, ^!%, ^!^, ^@# / ^$* sf] hUuf 7uL gfysf] 5f]/f xs]{z gfy of]uLsf] gfpFdf gfkgS;f e} >]:tf k'hf{ sfod ePsf]df xs]{z gfy of]uLsf] ldlt M @)$@÷^÷!% df d[To' e};s]sf], lghsf] z]ifkl5sf] xsbf/ Psdfq klTg a]n'b]jL of]uLsf] ldlt M @)#*÷*÷!) d[To' eO{ ;s]sfn] d[tssf] z]ifkl5sf] xsbf/ b'O{ hgf 5f]/f l8NnLgfy of]uL / ulDe/gfy of]uL dfq ePsf]df l8NnLgfy of]uLsf]] ldlt M @)&@÷#÷!) df cljjflxt cj:yfdf d[To' ePsf]n] d[ts hUufwgLsf] gfpFsf] k'/} w/ hUufx? d]/f gfpFdf Psnf}6L        gfd;f/L u/L kfpF elg ;/:jtLgu/ uf=lj=;=sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] r=g+=)& ldlt M )&@÷$÷* sf] ls6fgL l;kmfl/;, d[tssf] gfd sf] h=w=k|=k'hf{, d[To' btf{ k|df0f–kq, gftfk|dfl0ft, g]kfnL gf=k|=k, dfnkf]t a'emfPsf] /l;b cfbL k|df0fx? ;fy} /fvL] d[ts xs]{zgfy of]uLsf] 5f]/f ulDe/gfy of]uLn] o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' ePsf]n] pQm hUuf ;DjGwdf s'g} s;}sf] xsbfjL k'Ug] eP jf gfd;f/L ug{ gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s #% -k}lt;_ lbg leq cfkm";Fu ePsf ;Ssn k|df0f ;fy sfof{nodf ph'/ bfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf cGoyf Dofb leq s'g} s;}n] ph'/L bfjL gu/] lgodfg';f/ e} hfg] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgf— åf/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .