d'Vo
;dfrf/
;'kdf
&@ xhf/ laBfyL{ k|j]lzsfdf
@)&@ ;fnsf]
k|j]lzsf k/LIffdf ;'b"/klZrdjf6 &@ xhf/ eGbf a9L laBfyL{x? ;xeflu x'g]
ePsf 5g .
oxL r}q !* ut]jf6 ;'? x'g] pQm
k/LIffdf ;'ksf &@ xhf/ b'O{ ;o ** laBfyL{ ;xefuL x'g] If]qLo lzIff
lgb]{zgfno /fhk'/ 8f]6Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . lgb]{zgfnosf zfvf clws[t
k'0f{jxfb'/ zfxn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/
o; jif{ ut jif{sf Ps ;o ($ / o; jif{ yk
ePsf ;ft u/L b'O{ ;o Ps s]Gb|df k/LIff ;~rfng
ul/g]5 . ;fwf/0f tkm{ gf} ;o %& / k|flalwstkm{ !$ u/L gf} ;o &!
laBfno pQm k/LIffdf ;xeflu x'g]5g . ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut laBfnosf] tYofFs
5'§f5'§} g/flvPsf] clws[t zfxn] jtfP .
k|j]lzsf k/LIffdf 5fq eGbf
5fqfsf] ;+Vof a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . 5fqf #& xhf/ kfFr ;o %& / 5fq #$ xhf/ ;ft
;o #! /x]sf 5g . PSHofD6]8tkm{ 5fqfsf] ;+Vof a9L ePsf sf/0f ;du|df 5fqfsf]
;+Vof a9L ePsf] zfxn] hfgsf/L lbP . …;fwf/0f laBfnotkm{ lgoldtdf 5fqx? @# xhf/
^ ;o *% /x]sf 5gÚ zfxn] eg] …5fqx? @@ xhf/ kfFr ;o %! /x]sf 5g . t/,
PSHofD6]8df 5fqx? !) xhf/ ^ ;o &# / 5fqfx? !$ xhf/ cf7 ;o %) /x]sf 5g .Ú
k|flalws laBfno tkm{ 5fqf tLg ;o &# / 5fqf Ps ;o %^ /x]sf zfxn] jtfP .
lgb]{zgfnosf cg';f/ aemfËdf !^
k'/fgf / b'O{ gofF u/L !* s]Gb|df ^ xhf/ tLg ;o #& laBfyL{ ;xeflu x'g]5g .
o; lhNnfdf ;fwf/0ftkm{ &* / k|flalwstkm{ Ps laBfno u/L &( laBfno ;xeflu
x'g]5g . o:t} c5fddf @@ s]Gb|df ;ft xhf/ ^ ;o !& laBfyL{ 5g . o; lhNnfsf ($
;fwf/0f / Ps k|flalws u/L (% laBfno ;xeflu 5g .
8f]6Lsf !! s]Gb|df *# ;fwf/0f /
Ps k|flalws laBfnosf u/L rf/ xhf/ $%, s}nfnLsf %! s]Gb|df b'O{ ;o #$ ;fwf/0f /
b'O{ k|flalws laBfnosf u/L @) xhf/ ;ft ;o %@ / bfr{'nfsf k'/fgf !$ / gofF Ps
u/L !% s]Gb|df %( ;fwf/0f / b'O{ k|flalws laBfnosf u/L rf/ xhf/ rf/ ;o $^
laBfyL{x? ;xeflu x'g]5g .
o:t} a}t8Lsf @$ k'/fgf / Ps
gofF u/L @% s]Gb|df Ps ;o !( ;fwf/0f / b'O{ k|flalws laBfnosf u/L cf7 xhf/ kfFr
;o !(, 88]Nw'/fdf !@ s]Gb|sf ^^ ;fwf/0f / b'O{ k|flalws laBfnosf tLg xhf/ ^ ;o
%) / afh'/fsf !$ s]Gb|df ^! ;fwf/0ftkm{ / Ps k|flalwstkm{sf laBfnosf rf/ xhf/
kfFr ;o ^& laBfyL{x? ;xeflu x'g]5g . s~rgk'/df #) k'/fgf / tLg gofF u/L ##
s]Gb|df Ps ;o %# ;fwf/0f / b'O{ k|flalws laBfnosf u/L !@ xhf/ ^ ;o *( laBfyL{x?
;xeflu x'g] lgb]{zgfnon] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
zfvf clws[t zfxsf cg';f/
k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] tof/L ltj| ?kdf rln/x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ eGbf o; jif{ b'O{ kfFr
;o @@ laBfyL{ a9L k|j]lzsfdf ;xeflu x'g]5g . ut jif{ ^( xhf/ ;ft ;o ^^
laBfyL{x? ;xeflu ePsf lyP . ;/sf/n] o; jif{b]lv k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] glthf n]6/
u|]l8Ë k4ltjf6 ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
;DkfbsLo
;/sf/L labf s6f}tL xf];
@)&@ ;fndf zlgjf/ %@ 5g .
b]zJofkL ;/sf/L ;fj{hlgs labf *% lbg eof] . o;sf ;fy;fy} pkTosfnfO{ dfq labf,
dlxnfnfO{ dfq labf, kmnfgf] ;d'bfonfO{ dfq} labf, ;'b"/klZrdnfO{ dfq labf
eGg] lbgx?sf] ;"rL klg nfd} 5 . kmfu' k'l0f{dfs} s'/f ubf{ klg sf7df08f}+
pkTosf nufot kxf8L If]qdf kmfu' k"l0f{dfsf] labf Ps lbg x'G5 eg] ef]lnkN6
t/fO{–dw];df dfq km]l/ Úxf]nLsf] labfÚ eg]/ lbOG5 . cnu–cnu lbg eg]/ 5'6\ofP
klg oL b'j} lbg s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf sfof{nodf sfd x'Fb}g .
To;} u/L lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ dfq
lbOg] 5'§} labfsf] Joj:yf klg 5 . lxpb], jif]{, udL{ labfx? :yfg cg';f/ lbg]
ul/G5 . z}lIfs ;q cGTo ePkl5 / gofF z}lIfs ;q ;'? ePkl5 s/Lj Ps dlxgf :j3f]lift labf klg 5 lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df . o;sf
;fy;fy} :yfgLo labf lbg] k|rng klg /x]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] d'n's ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s
tyf eflifs ljljwtfn] e/Lk"0f{ . rfF8af8df klg plQs} wgL 5f}+ xfdL .
d'n'sdf gofF /fhgLlts kl/jt{g;Fu} ;a}
;+:s[lt / ;d'bfon] cfˆgf rfF8afF8 dgfpFbf /fli6«o labf kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
k|hftflGqs jftfj/0fn] lgZro g} ;a} ;+:s[lt, wd{ / rfF8kj{nfO{ yk km:6fpg] cj;/
lbPsf] 5 . o;/L cfPsf] gofF cj;/;Fu} jif{df ljleGg rfF8kj{df ;fj{hlgs labf x'g]
u/]sf] 5 .
o;/L x]bf{ Ps jif{df Ps
;d'bfon] s/La ;o lbg ;fj{hlgs labf kfpg] Joj:yf xfdLn] jgfPsf 5f}+ . o;n]
;a}lt/ sfd 7Kk x'G5 . ut jif{sf] e"sDk, To;kl5sf] gfsfaGbLn] xfdLnfO{
;fj{hlgs labfsf] ;+Vof k'glj{rf/ ug{'kg]{ cj:yfdf ePsf] 5 . o;} klg
e"sDkkl5sf] Ps dlxgf s'g} sfd ePg . cem sltko cj:yfdf ljleGg /fhgLlts
;d"xn] cfof]hgf ug]{ g]kfn aGbaf6 x'g] Ifltsf] s'g} lx;fa 5}g . lo ;j} laifox?nfO{
vf]hL ug]{ xf] eg] xfd|f] b]zdf ;/sf/L sfof{no v'Ng] lbg cyf{t sd{rf/Lx?n] sfd
ug'{ kg]{ lbg hDdfhDdL b'O{ ;o krf; dfq} xf]nf h:tf] 5 .
oL ofjt\ kl/l:ylt ljrf/ ubf{
xfdLn] ;s];Dd sfof{no cjlw a9fpg'kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . lgZro g} xfdLn] xfd|f
rfF8kj{ dgfpg' k5{ t/ To;sf lglDt ;w}+ ;fj{hlgs labf lbP/ dfq tL rfF8 dgfpg]
x}l;otdf xfdL x'g] 5}gf}+ . cfly{s ;+j[l4 lagf rfF8af8 xfd|f pko'Qm 5}gg\ . rfF8af8sf]
lx;fa ug]{ ghfg]/ jf nfk/afxLn] Ps dlxgfcl3 dgfPsf] rfF8sf lglDt Ps dlxgfkl5
/fi6«kltb]lv k|wfgdGqL;Ddn] z'esfdgf lbPsf] 36gf klg xfdLn] b]lv;s]sf 5f}+ .
;–;fgf ;d"xn] ;d]t kj{df /fli6«o
labf kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . o;f] ubf{ d'n'ssf] sfdsf/afxL eg] 7Kk x'g] / o;n]
b]znfO{ 3f6f x'g] cj:yf t xfdLn] cg'ej ul/;s]sf 5f}+ .
cfh kmfu'k"l0f{df k/]sf] 5
. cfh klg ;fj{hlgs labf g} xf] . ef]nL km]l/ t/fO{df o;nfO{ dgfOg]5 . labfsf
lbg 36fpg] xf] eg] t/fO{–dw]zn] xf]nL dgfpg] lbgd} sf7df08f}+ / kxf8L If]qdf
kmfu' dgfpg ;lsG5 . Ps lbgsf] cl3kl5n] vf;} km/s kb}{g . sltko klZrdf d'n'sn]
cfˆgf rfF8af8 / /fli6«o kj{nfO{ ;d]t lglZrt ;do ;fg]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . pgLx¿n]
To;sf lglDt df};dL cg's"ntf ;d]t x]g]{ u/]sf 5g\ . xfdLsxfF eg] labfsf]
;+Vof lgs} w]/} ePsfn] k'glj{rf/ ug{'k5{ . bz}+ltxf/ klg w]/} nfdf] labf ePsfn]
36fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 . rfF8kj{ labfnfO{ Ps} 7fpF /fv]/ cfjZostf cg';f/ h'g–h'g
wd{ jf ;+:s[ltsf x'g\ ltg}sf a]nfdf lng] agfpg ;lsG5 . bz}+ltxf/ dgfpg]sf lglDt
nfdf] labf lbg'kg]{ xf] eg] cGo rf8kj{sf a]nf kfpg] labf To;df hf]8\g] Joj:yf
ug{ ;lsG5 .
yk ;dfrf/
tkfO{ afnljjfx lsg
/f]Sg' x'Gg <
…d]/f] pd]/ !^ jif{
dfq} ePsf] 5, d]/f 3/ kl/jf/n] d]/f]
lax] ug]{ tof/L ul//x]sf 5g . d}n] hlt la/f]w ubf{ klg dflg/x]sf 5}gg\ . tkfO{
lsg jfnlajfx /f]Sg ;Sg' x'Gg lhNnf k|d'v Ho" <Ú
8f]6L lhNnf nfldvfn ufla;sL
efu/yL lasn] ufpFdf clxn] klg !$÷!% jif{s} pd]/df lax] x'g] u/]sf] b'v];f]
kf]Vb} jfnljjfx /f]Sgsf nflu k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ cfu|x ul/g . pgn] of]
;d:of cfkm\gf] dfq} geP/ lajfx ug]{ pd]/ gk'u]sf clwsf+; lszf]/lszf]–/Lx?sf]
ePsf] jtfO{g . ufla;:t/Lo afnSnj ;~hfndf ;d]t cfj4 /x]sL efu/yLn] elgg\ …w]/}
sfg'g jg]sf 5g eGg] ;'g]sL 5' t/ klg jfnjflnsfx?dfyL x'g] lx+;f /f]lsPsf] 5}g
.Ú
sflnsf:yfg ufla;–^ sL lszf]/L
a;GtL e§n] afnlajfx u/fpg]x?nfO{ sf/jfxL gx'g] u/]sf sf/0f afnlajfxsf] ;+Vofsf]
a[l4 ePsf] jtfO{g . pgn] elgg\ …;dfhsf hfGg] ;'Gg] dfG5]x? ;d]t jfnljjfx ug{sf
nfu]sf x'G5g .Ú o:t} lu/Lrf}sf ufla;sL /ldtf s7fot elG5g …cleefjsx?n] ;fg}
pd]/df hj/h:tL jfnlajfx u/fpg] u5{g .
efu/yL, a;GtL, /ldtf dfq}
xf]O{g 8f]6Lsf clwsf+; lszf]/Lx?nfO{ jfnljjfx x'g] lk/ 5 . lszf]/Lx?dfq}
xf]O{gg\ lszf]/x?sf] klg ;fg} pd]/df lajfx x'g] u/]sf] jtfpF5g 8f]6L
bxsflnsf:yfg–@ sf !% jifL{o uf]laGb kf7s .
dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsf sfof{no
8f]6Lsf] cfof]hgf / ;dfg kx'Fr lasf; s]Gb| l;8 g]kfn tyf jN8{ lehg O{G6/–g];gn
g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf lalxjf/ lhNnf ;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] afnlajfx
;DjlGw …cGt/k':tf ;DjfbÚ sfo{qmddf lszf]/lszf]–/Lx?n] ;f]w]sf k|Zgsf] hjfkm
lbFb} 8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s]zjk|;fb cfrfo{n] afnlajfx /f]Sgsf nflu
cfkm' k|ltj4 /x]sf] jtfP . pgn] eg] …afnlajfx x'Fb}5 eGg] ;"rgf xfdL;Dd
cfO{k'Uof] eg] d}n] tTsfn /f]Sg] 5' .Ú afnlajfx
/f]Sgsf nflu lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no s8f ?kdf k|:t't x'g] k|lhc cfrfo{sf]
egfO{ lyof] . pgn] sfo{qmddf ;xeflu ePsf ;j}nfO{ jfnlajfx /f]Sgsf nflu k|ltj4tf
;d]t ug{ nufP . pgn] sfo{qmddf ;xeflu lszf]/lszf]/Lx?nfO{ eg] …tkfO{x? pd]/
gk'uL lax] gug'{xf]nf, olb 3/ kl/jf/n] hj/h:tL u5{g eg] glhssf] k|x/L jf lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6LnfO{ vj/ ug'{ xf]nf, d /f]Sg nufpg] 5' .Ú
8f]6LsL dlxnf lasf; clws[t
lgd{nf bfxfnn] jfnlajfxsf] ;d:of lszf]/–lszf]/L b'j}df /x]sf] atfpFb}
lszf]/x?sf] t'ngfdf lszf]/Lx?df of] ;d:of al9/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbO{g . pgn] elgg\
…k|yd /h:jnf x'g' eGbf klxn]g} sGofbfg ug{ kfP k'0o x'g] cGwlaZjf;sf sf/0f
lszf]/Lx? ;fg} pd]/df lajfxsf] l;sf/ x'g] u/sL 5g .Ú 8f]6Ldf afnlajfxsf] ;d:of
w]/} /x]sf] pgsf] egfO{ 5 .
afnlajfx ug]{nfO{ w]/} sd ;hfo
x'g] sfg'gL Joj:yf /x]sfn] sfg'g ;+;f]wg ug'{ kg]{, ePsf sfg'gx?sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog x'g' kg]{, lszf]/lszf]–/Lx?n] k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] df]jfO{nsf]
b'?kof]unfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu lzIfsx?n] kxn ug'{ kg]{, /fhgLlts bnx?n] klg afnlajfx
/f]Sgsf nflu cfkm\gf sfo{stfx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg' kg]{ lgZsif{x? ;Djfbjf6 cfPsf]
l;8 g]kfn 8f]6Lsf cWoIf z]/jxfb'/ dNnn] hfgsf/L lbP .
d'n'sL P]g @)@) sf] laxfjf/Lsf]
dxn cg';f/ g]kfndf lajfxsf nflu sfg'gL pd]/ s]6f / s]6L b'j}sf] ;+/Ifssf] d~h'/Ldf !* jif{ / ;+/Ifssf]
d~h'/L lagf @) jif{ x'g' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . pd]/ gk'uL lax] ug]{ / ljjfxdf ;+nUg,
ndL k'/f]lxt nufotnfO{ ;d]t ;hfo x'g] Joj:yf sfg'gdf 5 t/ afnlajfx /f]lsPsf] 5}g
. Ps cWoog cg';f/ ;'b"/klZrdf $* k|ltzt ls;f]/ls;f]/Lx?sf] pd]/ gk'Ub}
ljx] x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
@)^* ;fnsf] hgu0gf cg';f/ 8f]6L
lhNnfdf laut !) jif{df Ps xhf/ tLg jflnsf / $& jfnsx?sf] !) jif{s} pd]/df
lajfx ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o:t} ;f] cjwLdf $* xhf/ tLg ;o !$ lszf]–/L / !^ xhf/
;ft ;o %& lszf]/x?sf] pd]/ gk'uL lajfx ePsf] s]Gb|Lo tYofFs sfof{non]
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] tYofFsdf pNn]v 5 .
o;}lar k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
cfrfo{n] afnlajfx /f]Sgdf kxn ug{ ;j} sfof{no k|d'vx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf 5g .
lalxjf/ ;DkGg ePsf] sfof{no k|d'vx?sf] lgoldt a}7sdf cfrfo{n] 8f]6Ldf afnlajfx
d'n ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sfn] o;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;j}n] kxn ug'{ kg]{ jtfPsf] dlxnf
lasf; clws[t bfxfnn] hfgsf/L lbO{g .
hfFb}gg\ g]tfsf
5f]/f5f]/Lx? /fhgLltdf
@)$^ ;fnsf]
/fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 8f]6L If]q–@ af6 @)$*, @)%! / @)%^ ;fndf k|ltlglw;ef ;b:odf
lgjf{lrt eO{ k6s k6s Sofljg]6 dGqL ;d]t eO{;s]sf lz4/fh cf]emf cj xfd|f dfem
5}gg\ . s/Lj b'O{ jif{ cuf8L pgsf] lgwg
eof] . cf]emfsf Ps 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/L 5g . g]kfnL sf+u|];leq O{dfgbf/
/fhgLlt1sf] ?kdf cfkm\gf] 5jL jgfPsf cf]emfsL 5f]/L sdnf cf]emfsf] lax]
eO{;s]sf] 5 eg] 5f]/f kf/; cf]emf sf7df08f}+df j]/f]huf/ j:b} cfPsf 5g . b'j}
;lqmo /fhgLltdf 5}gg\ .
@)$* ;fnsf] lgjf{rgdf 8f]6L
If]q–! jf6 k|ltlglw;ef ;b:odf lgjf{lrt ePsf eQmjxfb'/ anfo/sf b'O{ 5f]/f / tLg
5f]/L 5g . anfo/ /fhgLlts ?kdf /fHodGqL / g]kfnL sf+u|];df dxf;ldlt ;b:o ;d]t
eO{;s]sf JolQm x'g . @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjwL / @)%^ ;fnsf] cfjlws ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf
klg anfo/n]g} lht]sf lyP . t/, pgsf 5f]/f5f]/L /fhgLltdf ;lqmo 5}gg\ .
@)%^ ;fndf g]skf Pdfn]sf]
tkm{jf6 /fli6«o;ef ;b:odf lgjf{lrt ePsf df]xg jd @)%$ ;fndf 8f]6L lhNnf lasf;
;ldlt ;efkltsf pDd]bjf/ ;d]t lyP . @)^* ;fnlt/ g]skf Pdfn] 5f]8]/ Pg]skf
dfcf]jfbLdf k|j]z u/]sf jdn] @)&) ;fnsf] ;+lawfg;ef lgjf{rgdf 8f]6L If]q–!
jf6 pDd]bjf/L ;d]t lbPsf lyP t/ lahoL x'g ;s]gg\ . clxn] 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf]
gofF zlQm lgdf{0f cleofgdf nfu]sf jdsf tLg 5f]/L / Ps 5f]/f 5g . t/ pgLx? sf]xL
klg ;lqmo /fhgLltdf 5}gg\ .
@)^$ ;fndf 8f]6L If]q–! jf6 ;+lawfg;ef
lgjf{rgdf lahoL ePsf Pdfn] g]tf xs{jxfb'/ l;+x klg 8f]6Lsf] /fhgLltdf rlr{t
JolQm x'g . lqe'jg laZjlaBfno cGt/ut ;'b"/klZrds} ;j}eGbf k'/fgf] cf+lus
SofDk; 8f]6L SofDk; k|d'v kbdf sfo{/t /x]sf j]nf hflu/ 5f]8]/ @)%^ ;fndf ;+;bLo
lgjf{rgdf k|lt:kwf{ u/]sf l;+xn] Toltj]nf xf/ :jLsfg'{ k¥of] . pgn] klg
cfkm\gf] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ /fhgLltjf6 6f9} /fv]sf 5g . pgsf b'O{ 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/L dWo] sf]xL klg ;lqmo /fhgLltdf 5}gg\ .
@)^$ / @)&) ;fnsf]
;+lawfg;ef lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] tkm{af6 nuftf/ ;dfg'kflts sf]6fdf ;ef;b\
ePsL sNkgf ;f]jsf b'O{ 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/L 5g . pgLx? sf]xL klg ;lqmo /fhgLltdf
5}gg\ .
lgb{nLo k~rfotL Joj:yf x'Fbf
@)$# ;fndf lhNnf k~rfotsf ;efklt ePsf e/t v8\sf @)$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5
@)$( ;fndf ePsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf lhNnf lasf; ;ldltsf pk–;efklt eP .
@)%$ ;fnsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf pgL km]/L ;efklt eP . @)&) ;fnsf]
;+lawfg;ef lgjf{rgaf6 g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;dfg'kflts sf]6fdf k/]sf v8\sfsf b'O{
5f]/L / Ps 5f]/f 5g . pgLx? s'g} klg ;lqmo /fhgLltdf 5}gg\ . v8\sfsf 5f]/f
cWoogsf] l;nl;nfdf ef/tsf] gofF lbNnLdf /x]sf] va/ 5 .
;f+;b tyf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o la/jxfb'/ anfo/, ;f+;b tyf g]skf Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo a}slNks ;b:o
k|]djxfb'/ cfn]du/ / ;f+;b uf}/L cf]nLsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx? eg] ;fg} 5g .
@))& ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5
@)!% ;fndf ag]sf] dGqLd08ndf dGqL ag]sf lzj/fh hf]zL b]lv ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs
u0ftGq :yfkgf x'Fbf;Ddsf laleGg /fhgLlts sfnv08df ;lqmo /fhgLltdf /x]sf JolQmx?
s;}sf klg 5f]/f5f]/L ;lqmo /fhgLltdf
5}gg\ . g t g]tfx?sf >LdtLx?g} /fhgLltdf b]lvPsf 5g . k~rfonsfndf dGqL jg]sf
gf/fo0fbQ e§, /fli6«o k~rfot ;b:o jg]sf nfnjxfb'/ v8\sf, @)$( ;fnsf] :yfgLo
lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt ;efklt jg]sf s]zj/fh pkfWofo / @)%( ;fndf tTsfnLg /fhf
1fg]Gb|sf] k|To]If zf;gdf lhla; ;efklt jg]sf z]v/bQ e§ s'g}sf klg 5f]/f5f]/L
/fhgLltdf 5}gg\ .
hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ /fhgLltdf
xf]ldg pQ]lht kfg]{ g]tfx? lsg cfkm\g} 5f]/f5f]/Lx?nfO{ /fhgLltdf k|j]z u/fpFb}gg\
.
kl/jf/ lgof]hgdf
hf]8
lhNnf :jf:Yo
sfof{no 8f]6Lsf al/i7 hg:jf:Yo k|zf;s l/tf hf]zLn] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx?sf]
;xL k|of]u u/]/ ue{ktg u/fpg' kg]{ cj:yf cfpg glbg ;j}nfO{ cfu|x u/]sL l5g .
g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 8f]6L
zfvfåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Ps sfo{qmddf hf]zLn] ;f] s'/f jtfPsL x'g . ue{ktg
u/fpg' dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo, ;fdflhs, cfly{s ljleGg sf/0fn] pko'Qm gx'g] ePsfn] klg
clglR5t ue{ktg u/fpg' eGbf klg kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf :yfoL / c:yfoL ljlwsf] k|of]u
b/ a9fpg' kg]{ hf]zLsf] egfO{ lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf ;xeflux?n] kl/jf/
lgof]hgsf ;fwgx?sf] k|of]ujf/] r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ larf/ JoQm
u/]sf lyP . g]kfn ;/sf/n] …clglZrt ue{ktg /f]Sg kl/jf/ lgof]hg, cfjZos k/]df
;'/lIft ue{ktgÚ eGg] ;/sf/L gf/f to u/]sf] jtfpFb} ;+3sf zfvf k|jGws r]t/fh km'nf/fn]
eg] …kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx?sf] ;xL k|of]u u/] ue{ktg u/fpg' kg]{ cj:yfg}
cfpFb}g .Ú g]kfndf dlxnfsf] d~h'/Lgfdf ;"rLs[t :jf:Yo ;+:yf / lrlsT;s Pj+
:jf:YosdL{af6 ;fdfGotof !@ ;ftf cyf{t\ tLg dlxgf;Ddsf] ue{ktg u/fpg ;lsg]
sfg'gL Joj:yf 5 . anfTsf/ jf xf8gftfaf6 ue{ /xg uPdf !* ;ftf cyf{t\ $ dlxgf
& lbg;Dd ue{ktg u/fpg ;lsg] k|fJwfg /x]sf] 5 . lrlsT;sx?n] ue{df /x]sf]
jRrfs} sf/0f s'g} dlxnfsf] Hofg vt/fdf kg{ ;Sg], jRrf ckfË hGdg ;Sg] h:tf vt/f
b]vfPsf h'g;'s} j]nf klg dfGotf k|fKt :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ue{kg u/fpg ;lsg] sfg'gL
k|fJwfg ;d]t g]kfndf /x]sf] 5 .
ue{wf/0f ug]{ dlxnfsf] :jLs[lt
jf lnË klxrfg u/L ue{ktg u/fpg' gkfO{g] sfg'gL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no
8f]6Lsf cg';f/ k|To]s jif{ b'O{ ;o
hgfsf] :yfoL aGWofs/0f ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]df cfly{s jif{ )^(÷&) df Ps ;o #$,
)&)÷&! df Ps ;o &) n] dfq} :yfoL jGWofs/0f u/fPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
)&!÷&@ df tLg ;o !! / rfn" cfly{s jif{ )&@÷&# df kmfu'g;Dd
b'O{ ;o %& hgfn] :yfoL aGWofs/0f u/]sf] sfof{nosf ;'k/efO{h/ slknb]j
hf]zLn] jtfPsf 5g\ .
To:t}, cfly{s jif{ )^*÷^( df
@^, cfj )^(÷&) df #@, )&)÷&! df #$ / )&!÷&@ df #* k|ltzt
bDktLn] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgsf] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
blnt xf]O{g, dfgj
xf] 7fGg'xf];\
blnt ;fd'bfosf
JolQmn] blnt eGbf klg dfga /x]sf] s'/f a'em\g' kg]{ 8f]6Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
s]zak|zfb cfrfo{ atfPsf 5g .
crfo{n] eg] æd blnt x'F eGg]
efjgf eGbf klg klxnf d dfga x'F, To;}n] d]/f] clwsf/ klg ;dfg 5 eGg]
;f]Rg'xf];\ .Ú pgn] d c? eGbf tNnf] bhf{sf] gful/s x'F eGg] efjgf klxnf x6fpg
h?/L 5 /x]sf] jtfP . pgn] eg] …o;sf nflu ;a} eGbf klxnf blnt ;fyLx? ;Ifd x'g
h?/L 5 .Ú
%! cf}F cGt/fli6«o hflte]b tyf
/+ue]b\\ pGd"ng lbj;sf] ca;/df cfh lhNnf ;b/d'sfd l;nu9Ldf cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly ;d]t /x]sf cfrfo{n] pQm s'/f atfPsf x'g
.
hftLo lje]b pGd"ng lbj; ;/sf/sf]
sfo{qmd aGg'kg]{ blnt clwsf/sdL{ clw/fh la;Ln] atfP . la;Ln] eg] æ8f]6Ldf ;d
lasf; s]Gb| g]kfn nufotsf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^! ;fnb]lv of]
sfo{qmd dgfO{b} cfPsf] 5, clxn] cGo w]/} ;+:yfx? klg o;df 5g t/ of] ;/sf/L
ta/af6 dgfpg] sfo{qmd slxn] klg ag]g\ . ca of] ;/sf/sf] sfo{qmd aGg' k5{ .Æ
lhNnfdf lqmoflzn u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yf ;d lasf; s]Gb| g]kfn, /fli6«o blnt g]6js{, blnt dlxnf ;+3 km]8f],
hg;/f]sf/ d~r / g]kfn /fli6«o blnt ;dfh sNof0f ;+3 8f]6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;efWoIf ;d lasf;
s]Gb| g]kfnsf cWoIf s]za kl/of/n] u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf kqsf/ /fdx/L cf]emfn]
æhflto lae]b tyf 5'jf5't pTd'ng ;DaGwL sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjodf r'gf}tLÆ laifos
sfo{kq k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
d'n'sL P]g @)@) b]lv g}
5'jf5'tnfO{ b08gLo ck/fwsf] ?kdf dfGb} cfPsf] ePklg sfg'gsf] k|efasf/L
sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf ;d:of cfPsf] sfo{kqdf pNn]v lyof] . blIf0f clk|msfsf]
;fk{leNn] eGg] zx/df ;g\ !(^) df uf]/fhflt hfltsf dflg;x?n] sfnf hfltx?dfyL
u/]sf] /ª\ue]bsf lj?4 zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?dfyL
ToxfFsf] k|x/Ln] bdg u/L ^( hgf
sfnfhfltsf] xTof ul/Psf] lbgsf] ;Demgfdf of] lbj; dgfpg] ul/Psf] xf] .
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] To; 36gfnfO{
dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg\ eg]/ ;g\ !(^% df ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo lje]b pGd'ng ;DaGwL
cGt/f{li6«o dxf;GwL kfl/t klg ul/;s]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] klg ;g\ !(&! df
dxf;GwLsf] cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;f]xL jif{b]lv g} 5'jf5't ug]{nfO{ sf/afxL
ug]{ gLlt ag]sf] lyof] eg] g]kfnnfO{ 5'jf5't d'Qm /fi6« 3f]if0ff ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
gofF ;+ljwfg @)&@ / ePsf
gLlt tyf sfg'gn] ;fdflhs lje]bnfO{ ck/fw dfg]sf] 5 . lgltut ?kdf xfdL alnof]
ePklg Jojxf/df cem} sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
5f]6s/L ;dfrf/
agdf nufgL ug{
cfjZos
lbuf] lasf;sf nfuL
agdf nufgL ug{ cfaZos /x]sf] Ps sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLn] atfPsf 5g .
8f]6L lhNnfdf ;/sf/L tyf
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh tyf ;fd'bflos jgsf pkef]Qmfx?n] lbuf] lasf;sf nflu
jgdf nufgL ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g .
…jg / kfgLÚ eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy
;f]daf/ lhNnf lasf; ;ldltsf] ;efsIfdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] kfFrf}+ cGt–/fli6«o jg
lbj; ;df/f]xdf lbuf] lasf;sf nflu jg If]qn] pNn]vgLo of]ubfg lbPsf] rrf{ ub}{
;xeflu aQmfx?n] jg / kfgLsf] >f]t ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbg' kg]{ atfP .
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} 8f]6Lsf k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/L s]zak|;fb cfrfo{n] hnjfo' kl/at{gsf] c;/ Go"gLs/0fsf nflu jg
/ kfgLsf] ;+/If0fdf nfUg ;a}nfO{ cfu|x u/] pgn] eg] ækfgL / ag gª / df;' h:t}
x'g logLx?sf] ;DaGw cun u/]/ x]g{ ldNb}g lo b'a}sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 .Æ
jx';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd tyf
eb|sfnL /f]lhgsf] ;xof]udf lhNnf jg sfof{no 8f]6L, u|fdL0f lasf; s]Gb| g]kfn
tyf km]sf]kmg 8f]6Låf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf af]Nb} 8f]6Lsf :yfgLo
lasf; clwsf/L af;'b]a /]UdLn] hnjfo' kl/at{gn] lgDTofPsf] c;/nfO{
Go"lgs/0f ug{sf nflu jg / kfgLsf] ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbg' kg]{ atfP . /]UdLn]
eg] æof] xfd|f] nfuL elaZosf nfuL lgs}
r'gf}tL o;sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ cfjZos 5 .Æ
v]n ;dfrf/
g]kfnL v]nf8Lx?
5flgP
r}q !$ b]lv g]kfnn]
dn]l;ofsf] o"–@@ 6f]nL;Fu v]Ng] dn]l;of lj?4sf] d}qLk"0f{ v]nsf nflu
clvn g]kfn km'6jn ;+3 -PGkmf_ n] clGtd @# v]nf8Lsf] 5gf}6 u/]sf] 5 .
6'PGs' cAb'n /xdfg /+uzfnfdf
x'g] v]nsf nflu PGkmfn] kfFr km/jf8{, ^ ld8lkmN8/, gf} /Ifs / tLg uf]nlsk/sf]
clGtd 5gf}6 u/]sf] xf] . 5gf}6df k/]sf v]nf8Lx?df km/jf8{df e/t vjf;, ljZjf;
>]i7, gjo'u >]i7, /Ghg lji6 / ;'dg nfdf /x]sf 5g\ eg] ld8lkmN8/df ljzfn /fO{,
x]dg u'?ª, hulht >]i7, k|sfz a'9fyf]sL, ;'hn >]i7 / ;'lgn an /x]sf 5g\ .
o:t} /Iffk+lQmdf ljho lwdfn, lj/fh
dxh{g, b]j]G› tfdfª, lbg]z /fhj+zL, lht]G› sfsL{, sdn >]i7, dfg axfb'/ tfdfª
/ljg >]i7 / /l~ht lwdfn /x]sf 5g\ . uf]nlsk/df ljs]z sf]y', ls/0f s'df/
lnDa' / ljzfn >]i7 /x]sf 5g\ .
v]nf8Lx?sf] clGtd gfdfjnL
lgsfNb} d'Vo k|lzIfs Uof]6f]s' sf]hLn] g]kfnL /fli6«o km'6annfO{ Pl;ofnL:t/df
k'¥ofpg] cfˆgf] nIo /x]sf] atfP . pgn] …l;d/f uf]N8skb]lv d}n] g]kfnL v]nf8L
k|bz{g x]b}{ cfPsf] 5', To;df g]kfnL v]nf8Lx?sf] ;Defjgf /fd|f] 5 .
;f]daf/ ;ftbf]af6f] l:yt PGkmf
d'Vofnodf ePsf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf k|lzIfs sf]hLn] eg] …;fudf :j0f{ lhTbfsf clwsf+z
v]nf8L 6f]nLdf ;fd]n 5g\ To;}n] o'jfx?sf] afx'No 5 . g]kfnL k|lzIfs, v]nf8Lx?n]
u/]sf] ldlxg]tnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} To;df yk prfOdf k'¥ofpg' k5{ . 6f]nLnfO{
Pl;onL:t/df k'¥ofpg] nIo xf] . slDtdf klg blIf0f k"jL{ Pl;ofsf] :t/df
k'¥ofpg] d]/f] p2]Zo 5 .Ú
k|lzIfs sf]hLn] dn]l;of
o"–@@ 6f]nL;Fu lhTgs} nflu v]Ng] atfP . …kSs} klg xfdL lhTgs} nflu
v]Ng]5f}+, oBkL v]ndf lht xf/ :jefljs xf]Ú sf]hLn] eg] …s'g km/d];gdf v]Ng]
eGg] cem} lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5}g . v]nf8Lsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/df To;af/] lg0f{o ug]{5' .Ú
;fu km'6an 6f]nLdf /x]sf ljdn
3lt{du/, cGhg lji6, ljqmd nfdf, cflbTo rf}w/L, cgGt tfdfª, Pn]g >]i7 / cd[t
rf}w/L 6f]nLdf ;fdfj]z 5}gg\ . To:t} ef/tsf] lqe]Gb|ddf ePsf] ;fkm
RoflDkogl;ksf] sKtfgL u/]sf km/jf8{ clgn u'?ª 6f]nLdf k/]gg\ . e/t vjf;, ljho
lwdfn / ljzfn >]i7n] 6f]nLdf k'g/fudg u/]sf 5g\ . ljdn / /f]lxt rGb 3fOt]
5g\ .
Pyn]l6S;sf
k"j{ v]nf8L ;Ddflgt
Ps bzsb]lv hd{gLdf
a:b} cfPsf afFs] srgfk'/ lgjf;L Pyn]l6S;sf k"j{ v]nf8L lty{ cf]nL d+unaf/
u[xgu/ g]kfnu~hdf ;Ddflgt ePsf 5g\ .
dWoklZrd If]qLo v]ns'b ljsf;
;ldlt / lqmol6e XofG8\;n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf lty{nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf x'g\ . tLy{ Pyn]l6S;
5fqj[lt kfP/ cWoggsf l;nl;nfdf hd{gL k'u]sf lyP . tLy{ hd{gLdf k|lzIfssf ?kkdf
sfo{/t 5g\ .
g]kfnu+hdf cfof]hgf ul/g]
v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfdf hd{gLaf6 lg/Gt/ cfly{s ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf tLy{nfO{ labf
dgfpgsf nflu u[xgu/ g]kfnuGh cfPsf] ca;/ kf/]/ lqmol6e XofG8\;sf] kxndf ;Ddfg
ul/Psf] xf] .
Ps dlxg] labfdf cfPsf lty{n]
dWoklZrddf sfo{/t emG8} kfFr bh{g k|lzIfsx?nfO{ ODKnLd]G6];g\ ckm afof]df]6/
Plaln6Lh 6' 8]lenk b :k]l;lkms :kf]l6{+u Oe]G6\; sfo{zfnf ;+rfng u/]sf lyP .
sfo{zfnfdf afFs], alb{of, ;'v]{t, bfª / ?s'daf6 :yfoL, c:yfoL / :joD;]js
k|lzIfs ul/ kfFr bh{gn] ;xeflutf lyP .
sfo{zfnfsf d'Vo k|lzIfs cf]nLn]
v]n k|lzIfsx?n] Wofg lbg' kg]{ ;}4flGts / k|of]ufTds sIffsf laifodf k|lIfIf0f
lbPsf lyP .
v]ns'b ljsf;sf nflu dWoklZrd
v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltsf] hd{gLsf v]n Snax?;Fu ;DaGw hf]8\g ;lsg] rrf{ ub}{ cf]nLn]
hd{gLaf6 bIf k|lzIfsx?nfO{ g]kfnuGhdf NofP/ k|lzIf0f lbg / oxfFsf k|lzIfsx?nfO{
hd{gLdf k|lzIf0fsf nflu k7fpg ;Sg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ k|of; ug]{ atfP.
;Ddfg sfo{qmddf lqmol6e
XofG8\;sf cWoIf 6LP; 7s'/Ln] cfˆgf k|sfzgx? / dfofsf] lrgf] g]kfnuGh lkmNd
km]l:6jnsf] nf]uf] c+lst l6;6{ / g]kfnu+h Dof/fygsf] l6;6{ k|bfg u/]sf lyP .
lqmol6e XofG8\;n] g]kfnuGh
lkmNd km]l:6en / g]kfnuGh Dof/fygsf] klxnf] ;+:s/0f ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] klZrd g]kfnsf] 7'nf] v]ns'b
k|ltof]lutf k|wfgdGqL sk OG8f]g]kfn dlxnf elnjndf dxTjk"0f{ ;xsfo{ ub}{
cfPsf] 5 .
rnlrq÷dgf]/~hg
…lh:d o'lg6Ú
tf/]vdf l/xf
O{hfht lagf g}
5fofFsg ug{ nfluPsf] eGb} lgoGq0fdf lnO{Psf] g]kfnL rnlrq …lh:dÚ o'lg6nfO{
tf/]vdf l/xf ul/Psf] 5 . lh:d o'lg6 5fofFsg :ynaf6} kqmfp k/]sf] lyof] .
rnlrq ljsf; jf]8{df btf{ eO{
ˆnf]/df hfg'kg]{ k|fjwfg ljkl/t sfd u/]sf] eGb} kf]v/fdf 5fofFsgsf] qmddf
/x]sf] /fh' lu/Låf/f lgb]{lzt rnlrq o'lg6nfO{ k|x/Ln] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] lyof] .
jf]8{sf] cfb]zdf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sf:sLn] lgb]{zs lu/L, snfsf/x? ;'/]G›
a'9f, ps]z kg]?, cr{gf kg]? ;lxtnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] lyof] .
jf]8{ cWoIf /fO{n] v'n]cfd kf]g{ :6f/ aG5'
eGb} lxF8]sL Ps o'jtLnfO{ snfsf/ lnP/ lgdf{0f x'g nfu]sf] rnlrq lgdf{0f ug{
cfkm'x?n] O{hfht glbPsf] eGb} jf]8{sf] lgod lakl/t 5fofFsgdf uPsf]n] k|x/L
nufP/ g} /f]s]sf] atfPsf 5g .
k|x/L lgoGq0fkl5 l/xf ePsf
lgb]{zs lu/Ln] ljsf; jf]8{ cWoIf /fhs'df/ /fO{sf] if8oGqdf cfkm'x?nfO{
km;fO{Psf] atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] ;j} 5fofFsg ;fdu|L lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf /fv]/
cfkm'x?nfO{ dfq} tf/]vdf l/xf u/]sf] jtfP . …xfdLn] ljsf; jf]8{df O{hfhtsf nflu
k};f klg a'emfO{;s]sf 5f}+Ú lu/Ln] eg] …t/ jf]8{n] To;sf] s'g} pQ/ lbPsf] 5}g
.Ú
rnlrqdf cr{gf kg]?nfO{
snfsf/sf] ?kdf lnOPsf]df jf]8{sf] c;xdlt /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . kf]g{:6f/ jGg]
eGb} Jofks rrf{df cfPsL kg]? pQm rnlrqdf snfsf/sf] e"ldsfdf l5g . cr{gf
elG5g\ …d clxn]g} kf]g{:6f/ jGg nfu]sf] xf]O{g, kf]g{:6f/ jGg] d]/f] nIf xf] .Ú
s;}n] lnPsf] nIfs} cfwf/df clxn] ;fwf/0f rnlrq jgfpgd} /f]s nufpg gkfO{g] eGb}
cr{gfn] cfqmf]; kf]v]sL 5g . …jf]8{n] cg'dlt lbg'k5{ / lbG5 klgÚ cr{gfn] elgg\
…To;kl5 km]/L xfdL ;'l6Ëdf hfG5f}+ .Ú
jf]8{sf] cg'dlt lakl/t lkmNd 5fofFsg
ub}{ubf{ ;DalGwt lkmNd o'lg6nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng ;Sg] tyf ;'l6ªdf k|of]u ePsf ;a}
;fdfg hkmt ;Dd ug{ ;lsg] k|fjwfg ljsf; jf]8{df /x]sf] atfO{Psf] 5 . jf]8{n]
rnlrqsf] syfj:t' / snfsf/x?sf sf/0f O{hfht kq lbg g;lsPsf]n] O{hfhtlag} 5foFfsg
ug]{ o'lg6nfO{ lu/k\mtf/ ug{ sf:sL k|zf;gnfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
xf]nL xf] M
cfo{gsf] jfx'df /]vf
kmfu' k'lg{df cyf{t
xf]nLsf] cj;/df gfos cfo{g clwsf/L / /]vf yfkfsf] b[io rrf{sf] laifo jGof] .
…s] d ltd|f] xf]Og /Ú gfds
rnlrqjf6 g]kfnL rnlrq If]qdf 8]Ao" ul//x]sf cfo{g clwsf/Ln] g]kfnL rnlrqsL
rlr{t kfq /]vf yfkfnfO{ cfkm\gf] jfx'df p7fPkl5 of] laifodf rrf{ eof] . cfo{gsf
rnlrq j}zfv #! ut]af6 k|bz{gdf cfpFb}5 .
/]8 :6«l8of] sf7df08f}+df rnlrq
…/fdKof/L / s] d ltd|f] xf]Og /Ú o"lg6n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf]nL ljz]if
sfo{qmddf cfo{g / gflosf /]vf yfkf Pp6} :6]hdf b]lvP . /dfOnf] s'/f s] 5 eg],
cfo{gn] /]vfnfO{ h'?Ss} af]s] .
cfo{gn] cfˆgf] c+ufnf]df
/]vfnfO{ af]s] / kmgkmgL 3'dfP . /]vf klg cfo{gsf] sfvdf kmgkmgL 3'ldg\ . ;'?df
lkRs/Laf6 ;'? ePsf] cfo{g / /]vfsf] /f]dfG; cGtdf sfvdf g} k'Uof] .
n]v
hftLo lje]b\ tyf
5'jf5't pGd'ng ;DalGw sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjogdf r'gf}tLx?
/fdx/L cf]emf
dfgjclwsf/sdL{÷kqsf/
laifo k|j]z M
cfh xfdL %! cf}+ cGt/fli6«o
hftLe]b\ tyf /+ue]b\ la?4sf] lbj; dgfpg uO{/x]sf 5f}+ . o; jif{sf] o; lbj;sf]
gf/f …bjf{g 3f]if0ff tyf sfo{of]hgfsf] !% jifL{o pknJwL / r'gf}tLsf nflu PS;gÚ
eGg] /x]sf] 5 . ;g @))! sf] cui7 #! b]lv
;]K6]Dj/ * ;Dd blIf0f clk|msfsf] bjf{gdf ePsf] hftLo lae]b\ tyf 5'jf5't ;DjlGw
cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] hftLo 5'jf5't la?4 !@@ wf/fsf] cGt/fli6«o 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
lyof] eg] hftLo 5'jf5't tyf lae]b\ cGTo ug{sf nflu hftLo lae]b\sf] ;|f]t, sf/0f,
hftLo lae]b\sf cfw'lgs 36gfx?, /+ue]b / hftLo tyf /+ue]b\ ;DjlGw sfo{x?, hftLo
tyf /+ue]bjf6 lkl8tx?;+u ;DjlGwt sfdx?, hftLo lae]b\ /f]Sgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{
/fli6«o÷cGt/fli6«o:t/sf lqmofsnfkx?, hftLo lae]b\ /f]Sgsf nflu /fhgLlts bn,
/fhgLltsdL{, ;/sf/, ;'/IffsdL{, dfgjclwsf/÷;~rf/sdL{x? cflbsf] e"ldsf ;d]t
pQm sfo{of]hgdf /x]sf] lyof] . o; jif{ bjf{g ;Dd]ngsf] ;dLIffnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/
pQm gf/f to u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
@! dfr{ s] xf] <
@! dfr{ hftLe]b\ tyf /+ue]b\
la?4sf] cGt/lfi6«o lbj; xf] . blIf0f clk|msfdf sfnf hftLx?dfyL uf]/f hftLx?n]
u/]sf] lae]b\sf la?4 ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] pknJwL :j?k @! dfr{nfO{ cGt/fli6«o
lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg yflnPsf] xf] . ;g !(@# df blIf0f clk|msfsf] u|fdL0f If]qdf
a;f]jf; ug]{ sfnf hftLx?n] zx/lt/ cfpg' k/]df clgjfo{ ?kdf kf; lng' kg]{ / olb
kf; gePsf] JolQm e]l6P kqmfp u/L sfg'gL sf/jfxL ug]{ ;/sf/L gLltnfO{ Ohfht
sfg'g cyf{t "Pass Law" eGg]
ul/G5 . of] sfg'g la:tf/ sfnf hftLn] /fHojf6 kfpg] ;]jf ;'lawfx?df ;d]t nfu'
ug]{ ul/Psf] kfO{G5 . Pp6} b]zsf hgtfnfO{ pgLx?sf] /+usf cfwf/df lae]b\ x'g
yfn]kl5 sfnf hftLx?n] cfGbf]ngsf] yfngL u/] .
;g !(^) sf] dfr{ @! df /f]j{6
;j'Vj]sf] g]t[Tjdf blIf0f clk|msfsf] ;fk{leNn]df ePsf] zflGtk"0f{
cfGbf]ngdf tTsfnLg af]w ;/sf/n] u/]sf] bdgdf ^( hgf sfnf hftLx?n] Hofg u'dfP .
o;} lbgsf] ;Demgf :j?kd ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efsf] ;g !(^% l8l;Dj/df a;]sf]
a}7sn] o; lbj;nfO{ cGt/fli6«o hftLe]b\ tyf /+ue]b\ lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg] 3f]if0ff
u¥of] . g]kfnn] pQm 3f]if0ffdf ;g !(&! hgj/L #) df x:tfIf/ u/]kl5 ;f]xL
jif{b]lv of] lbj; dgfpg yflnPsf] xf] . g]kfndf o; lbj;nfO{ hftLo 5'jf5't
la?4sf] lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpg] ul/Psf] 5 . 8f]6Ldf klg @)^! ;fn b]lv of] lbj; dgfpg
yflnPsf] xf] .
g]kfn ;Gbe{ M
hftLo lje]b tyf 5'jf5'thGo
sfo{nfO{ dfgj hftLs} lgGbgLo Pj+ sn+lst ;Eotfsf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 . g]kfndf cem}
klg hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5'thGo ;fdflhs s';+:sf/sf] lgbfgsf jf/]df 5nkmn ug{]
lrGtf / rf;f] k|s6 ug{' kg{] afWofTds l:yt 5 . g]kfndf lnlR5ljsfnsf dNn /fhf
hol:ytL dNn] k|rngdf NofPsf] hftLo tyf 5'jf5't k|yfnfO{ ltgsf cg'ofoL zf;sx?n]
la:tf/ ub}{ NofPsf] kfO{G5 . zfx j+zLo /fhf ;'/]Gb| ljqmd zfxsf] kfnfdf hf/L
ePsf] d'n'sL P]g !(!) hftLo lje]b\ / 5'jf5'tnfO{ sfg"gL ?kd} dfGotf lbg]
sn+lst k|rngsf] ljsf; u¥of] . g]kfndf ePsf /fhg}lts kl/jt{g tyf hftLo e]befj
tyf 5'jf5'taf6 pTkL8Lt eO{ s'l/tL / s';+:sf/sf lj?4df ePsf ;fdflhs cfGbf]ngsf]
kl/0ffd :j?k @)@) ;fndf hf/L ePsf] d'n'sL P]gn] sfg'gL ?kdf hftLo lae]b\sf]
cGTo u¥of] t/ o;sf] sfof{Gjog kf6f] lkmtnf] eO{lbFbf Jojxfl/s ?kdf hftLo lae]b\
cGTo x'g ;s]g .
b]zdf ePsf /fhgLlts kl/jt{g
;+u;+u} ;fdflhs cfGbf]ngjf6 /fHo hftLo lae]b\ la?4 sfg'gL Joj:yf ug{ t ;Ifd
eof] t/ lt sfg'gx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
5'jf5't tyf lae]b\ la?4 sfg'gL
Joj:yf
cGt/fli6«o:t/df
è dfgjclwsf/sf] laZjJofkL
3f]if0ff kq ;g !($* sf] wf/f & df æsfg'gsf cuf8L ;j} ;dfg 5gÆ eGg] pNn]v 5
.
è cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts
clwsf/ ;DjlGw cGt/fli6«o k|lt1fkqdf /fHon] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;'lawfx? lagf e]befj
pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
è ;j} lsl;dsf hftLo e]befj
pGd'ng ug]{ ;DjlGw dxf;GwLdf hflt, /+usf cfwf/df s'g} klg k|sf/sf] e]befj,
ckdfg jf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ug{ gkfO{g] s'/f
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
/fli6«o:t/df
g]kfn ;lGw P]g @)$& sf]
bkmf (-!_ df æg]kfn ;/sf/ kIf ePsf] s'g} ;lGwsf] s'/f k|rlnt sfg'g;Fu afl´Pdf
;f] ;lGwsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu afl´Psf] xb;Dd k|rlnt sfg'g cdfGo x'g]5 / tT;DaGwdf
;lGwsf] Joj:yf g]kfn sfg'g ;/x nfu" x'g]5 .Æ eGg] Joj:yf ePsf sf/0f dfly pNn]v ul/Psf
;lGwx?sf] Joj:yf g]kfndf klg nfu' x'G5 . o;sf cnfjf
è g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)&@ sf]
k|:tfjgfd} ;j} k|sf/sf hftLo 5'jf5'tsf] cGTo ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
è wf/f !* ;dfgtfsf] xs cGt/ut
hfthfltsf] cfwf/df lae]b\ gul/g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
è wf/f @$ df hftLo 5'jf5't
la?4sf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
è wf/f $) df hftLo lae]b\sf]
l;sf/ x'Fb} cfPsf] blnt ;d'bfonfO{ /fHosf x/]s lgsfodf ;dfg'kflts ;xeflu x'g
kfpg] xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . blnt jfnjflnsfx?nfO{ pRr lzIff;Dd lgz'Ns k9\g
kfpg], Ps k6ssf nflu e'dLlxg blntx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] e'ld pknJw u/fpg], cfjfzlalxg
blntx?nfO{ cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
è /fli6«o blnt cfof]un]
;+a}wflgs dfGotf kfPsf] 5 eg] /fHosf laleGg lgsfodf blntsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]
;+a}wflgs Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
è d'n'sL P]g @)@) sf] cbnsf]
!)-s_ df s;}n] s;}nfO{ hftLkftL, wd{, j0f{, ju{ jf sfdsf] cfwf/df 5'jf5'tsf]
e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ jf jlxisf/ jf lgif]w u/]df tLg dlxgfb]lv tLg jif{;Dd
s}b jf Ps xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j} ;hfoF x'g]
Joj:yf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
è hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't
-s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g @)^* sf] bkmf $-!_ cg';f/ cg';f/ s;}n] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{
k|yf, k/Dk/f, wd{, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh, hft, hflt, j+z, ;d'bfo jf k]zfsf cfwf/df
o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] s'g} sfd u/] jf u/fPdf hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5"t u/]sf]
dflgg] s'/f pNn]v 5 .
g]kfndf hftLo 5'jf5'tsf d'ne't
;d:ofx? M
¨ ;fj{hlgs
:yndf x'g] hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5'tx? la?4 sfg'gL sf/jfxL x'g g;Sg' .
¨ dfgjLo
dof{bfdf cfFr cfpg] u/L Joaxf/ eO{/xg'
¨ zflJbs
?kdf hftLo lae]b\ emlNsg] u/L Jojxf/ x'g' .
¨ ;fj{hlgs
:yfgdf pkl:yt eO{ ;f] :yfgdf ePsf lrha:t'sf] pkof]u / k|of]u ug{ g;Sg'
¨ /fHoåf/f
jgfO{Psf sfg'g'x? k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg' .
¨ /fhgLlts
x:tIf]s / kIfkftk"0f{ Jojxf/ sfod} /xg' .
¨ blnt
;d'bfoljr x'g] e]befj tyf 5'jf5't k"0f{ ?kdf ;dfKt x'g g;Sg' .
8f]6Lsf] ;Gbe{ M
8f]6L lhNnf clxn] klg cfly{s
;fdflhs lasf;sf b[li6n] w]/} k5f8L 5 eGbf cGoyf x'Fb}g . o; lhNnfdf clxn]
hftLo, n}+lus, e]uLo, /fhgLlts / juL{o lae]b\ ePsf] k|i6 b]lvg ;lsG5 . oBkL
auL{o d'QmL lagf s'g} klg k|sf/sf lae]b\x?sf] cGTo x'g ;Dej 5}g . t/ klg /fHosf
sfg'gx?n] hftLo lae]b\nfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf lgz]w u/]sf] cj:yfdf 8f]6Ljf6 klg
hftLo lae]b\ cGTo x'g' h?/L x'G5 . hftLo e]b\efj tyf 5'jf5't -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g,
@)^* hf/L ePkl5 8f]6L cbfntdf rf/ d'4f btf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|x/L;Dd cfpg] /
ldnfkq eP/ hfg] 36gfx?sf] tYofFs eg] kfO{b}g .
8f]6Lsf d'Vo ;jfnx? M
¨ hftLo
5'jf5'tsf d'4fnfO{ blnt / u}/blnt kIfsf lx;fjn] x]l/g' .
¨ blnt
;d'bfosf] dfq ;d:ofsf] ?kdf j'em\g] ul/Psf] .
¨ hftLo
5'jf5'tjf6 lk8Lt blnt ;d'bfo dfly bjfa, 8/ qmf; / wDsL lbg' .
¨ hftLo
5'jf5't ck/fw 36gf jf P]g sfg"g sfof{Gjodf ;/f]sf/jfnf pbfl;g x'g' .
¨ hftLo
5'jf5't cGTosf nfuL /fHosf lgsfo, ;/f]sf/jfnf nufot :jo+ lk8Lt kIfx? ;+j]bglzn
gb]lvg' .
¨ hftLo
;jfn tyf blntsf d'4fx?k|lt cf}krfl/s k|lta4tfdf l;ldt /xg' .
¨ /fHosf]
txaf6 hftLo 5'jf5't cGTo tyf blnt clwsf/ ;DalGw k|efjsf/L tyf ;r]tgf clej[l4
;DalGw sfo{qmd cfpg g;Sg' .
¨ hftLo
5'jf5't 36gfsf] ;To tYo :ynut cWoogdf sdL b]lvg' .
¨ blnt
blnt ljrsf] cFGtl/s lje]b sfod x'g' .
cfufdL sfo{ef/
¨ hftLo
5'jf5'tnfO{ ufp zx/, lhNnf b]lv 5'jf5't d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ul/g' kg{] b]lvG5 .
¨ ;d'bfo:t/jf6}
hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't cGTo ;DjlGw ;femf cleofg ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .
¨ /fHosf
x/]s lgsfo, gLlh If]q, ;+3;+:yf, ;d'x ;ldltdf / /f]huf/Ldf ;dfg'kflts
;dfj]zLs/0fsf] ;'lglZrttf .
¨ ;/sf/L
tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfosf sfo{qmdx?df hftLo 5'jf5'tsf] d'4fnfO{ cross cutting issue sf] ?kdf n}hfg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .
¨ hftLo
5'jf5't ;DjlGw sfg'gx?sf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu /fhgLlts bnx?n]
klg ;lqmotf b]vfpg' kg]{ .
a:t'ut k|Zgx?
!= cfsl:ds b'3{6gfsf 3fOt] tyf
lj/fdLnfO{ pkrf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] lgld{t /fli6«o 6«df ;]G6/sf] pb\3f6g slxn] ul/of]
<
— lj=;+=@)&! d+l;/ ( ut]
@= /f0ffsflng ;dodf sd{rf/LnfO{
v'zL kfg{ lbOg] b:t'/nfO{ s] elgGYof] <
— kfgkm"n
#= xfn o'/f]lkog o'lgog -EU_ df slt ;b:o /fi6« /x]sf 5g\ <
— @*cf]6f - kl5Nnf] qmf]Pl;of _
$= laZj afu lbj; slxn] dgfO{G5
<
— h'nfO{ @(
%= xfn g]kfndf ;~rflnt /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf slt cf]6f 5g\ <
— @! cf]6f
^= Banded Apolo s] ;+u ;DalGwt 5 <
— g]kfnsf] !^,))) lkm6 prfOdf
kfOg] b'n{e a'§]bf/ k'tnL
&= hgcfGbf]ng – @ df 3fOt]
x'g] Psdfq lab]zL gful/s sf] x'g\ <
— df]xDdb hxfFlu/ -ef/t_
*= u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL lbj;
slxn] dgfO{G5 <
— cS6f]a/ !!
(=g]kfnn] >d ;Demf}tf u/]sf]
klxnf] /fi6« s'g xf] <
— stf/
!)=g]kfnsf] ;a}egbf a9L u'Daf
ePsf] lhNnf s'g xf] <
— ;f]n'v'Da'
!!= gbLn] s6fg u/L NofPsf]
df6f] / lu§Ldf kfOg] z'4 ;'gsf] 6'qmfnfO{ s] elgG5 <
– Knf;/
!@= laZjs} b'n{e dflgPsf]
lxn]sfjf r/f s'g /fli6«o lgs'~hdf kfO{G5 <
— lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hdf
!!= dflg; hGd]b]lv gd?Gh]n;Ddsf
lqmofsnfk / kz'kG5Lsf lqmofsnfk lrq0f
u/L gflrg] lsF/ftL ;d'bfodf k|rlnt gfFrnfO{ s] elgG5 <
— ;fs]nf l;nL
!#= laZj /fli6«o lgs'~h ;Dd]ng
slt aif{sf] cGt/fndf cfof]hgf ul/G5 <
— k|To]s !) aif{df
!$= g]kfnsf] /fli6«o gLlt @)^^
cg';f/ !^ b]lv $) aif{sf JolStnfO{ o'jf elgG5
eg] ;+o'St /fi6«;+3sf] kl/efiff cg';f/ slt b]lv slt aif{;Ddsf JolStnfO{
o'jf elgG5 <
– !% b]lv @$ pd]/ ;d'xsf
JolStnfO{
!^= Ho]i7 gful/sn] ;fdflhs
;'/Iff eQf kfpg &) pd]/ k'u]sf] x'g'k5{ eg] s0ff{nL c~rnsf afl;Gbf /
;"lrs[t blntn] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf kfpg slt aif{ k'u]sf] x'g'k5{ <
— ^) aif{ pd]/
!&= Granary of Nepal egL lrlgg] g]kfnsf] k|b]z
s'g xf] <
— t/fO{
!*= g]kfnaf6 ;a}eGbf glhs kg]{
ltAatsf] ;]/fj:tL g]kfnsf] s'g 7fpFaf6 glhs kb{5 <
— x'Dnf lhNnfaf6
!(= xfnsf] g]kfn nufot 7fpFx?df
/x]sf] k|flrg ;fu/nfO{ s] gfdn] lrlgGYof] <
— 6]ly; ;fu/
@) u'?ª ;+u|xfno s'g lhNnfdf
/x]sf] 5 <
— sf:sLsf] kf]v/f
@@= nf]kf]Gd'v s';'G8f hftLaf6
klxnf] k6s gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ JolSt sf] x'g\ <
— %! aifL{of /fhfdfof -tgx'F_
@#= xfn;Dd rGb|dfdf v]lnPsf]
Psdfq v]n s'g xf] <
— uNkm
@$= /]8 sg{/ gf]l6; s] ;+u
;DalGwt 5 <
— ck/fwLx?nfO{ vf]htnf; Pj+ kqmfp
ug{ cGt/fli6«o :t/df hf/L ul/g] ;'rgf
@%= bf]>f] ;+lawfg;efsf]
lgjf{rgdf b'O{ 7fpFjf6 lahoL x'g] g]tfx? sf] sf] x'g <
— z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf, dfwjs'df/
g]kfn, afdb]j uf}td .
;|f]t ;+sns M /fd lai6
;flxTo÷;[hgf
d'Qms
rf/} lt/ /ª\uL
rª\uL, xf]nL cfof] xf]nL cfof]
a;Gtsf] axf/;+u}, ;f}Gbo{tf
3f]nL cfof] .
htftt} ufpF a:tL, 3/ cfug
v';LofnL
;b\efa efOrf/fsf], 9f]sf vf]nL
cfof] ..
e"ld/fh hf]zL
sfn'v]tL–* aemfË
uhn
ltdL / d dfofsf] ;+;f/df x'g'
k5{
dfofsf] of] ;fu/nfO{ ;+u;+u}
tg'{ k5{ .
ltdL cfpg' Totfaf6 d cfp5'
otfaf6
ltdL / d dlGb/ uO{ afrf s;d
vfg' k5{ .
s:tf] x'G5 dfof egL ;+;f/nfO{
b]vfO{ lbpFnf
afrf vfg] b]p/fnLdf xft ;dfO{
hfg' k5{ .
kfpg' dfq dfof xf]Og u'dfpg'
klg dfof xf]
dfof kfpg ltdL / d ;+u ;+u}
n8\g' k5{ .
ltdL / d hLjg sf6\bf dfofsf
s'/f u/f}+
h'gL h'gL ltdL / d ;+u;+u}
lhpg' k5{ ..
dgf]h ad
;fTkm/L –( aNn]sf8fF
xfnM
k=k=d'=gf=p=df=la=
l;nu9L,8f]6L
uhn
dnfO{ dfof gug]{ ef, cGt} dof
;f/] x'G5
dnfO{ b'v k¥of] eg], cf;' ltDn]
gemf/] x'G5 .
;fyL w]/} cfp5g oxfF, ;w}+ ;fy
lbG5' eGg]
vf]nf lsgf/df 5f8\g] eP, vf]nf
gtf/] x'G5 .
nfU5 w]/} afFlRbg d, afFRg]
s'g} cfwf/ 5}g
lx8\bf lx8\b} d/] eg], ltdn]
g'g gaf/] x'G5 .
;kgf b]vfO{ gfgf y/L, dfof clg
lk/tLsf
wf]sf lbg] eP ltDn], e/f];fdf
gkf/] x'G5 .
rf]vf] dfof eGg} ufx|f], eG5g
;a} hgf oxfF
ltDn] e'Ng ;S5f} eg], d]/f]
dfof df/] x'G5 ..
8Dd/ hf]zL -laa;_
dflemufpF–& g]6fsfl6ofF
aemfË
xfnM dn]l;of
;"rgf÷;Gb]z÷la1fkg
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ckf+utf ePsf JolQmsf] clwsf/
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ckf+utf ePsf
JolQmsf] xs clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 M
¨ ;fdflhs
Gofo ;'lglZrt ug]{ /fHosf] /fhgLlts p2]Zo x'g] .
¨ cfly{s
;dfgtf, ;d[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL /
;xeflutfd"ns l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
¨ ;fdflhs
;'/Iff / ;fdflhs Gofo k|bfg ubf{ ;a} ln+u, If]q / ;d'bfoleqsf cfly{s ¿kn]
ljkGgnfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg ug]{ /fHosf] ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfj]zLs/0f ;DaGwL gLlt
x'g] .
¨ ;fdfGo
sfg"gsf] k|of]udf zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckf+utf, :jf:Yo l:ylt, jf o:t} cGo s'g}
cfwf/df e]befj gul/g] .
¨ ;fdflhs
jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf, ckf+utf ePsf JolQm, nufot gful/ssf] ;+/If0f,
;zQmLs/0f jf ljsf;sf nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ug{] .
¨ ckf+utf
ePsf / cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGg gful/snfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd lgMz'Ns pRr lzIff kfpg]
xs x'g] .
¨ b[li6ljxLg
gful/snfO{ a|]nlnlk tyf alx/f / :j/ jf af]nfO;DaGwL ckf+utf ePsf gful/snfO{
;f+s]lts efiffsf] dfWodaf6 sfg"gadf]lhd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g] .
¨ ;fdflhs
¿kn] k5fl8 k/]sf ckf+utf ePsf JolQm;d]tnfO{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf]
lgsfodf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs x'g] .
¨ ckf+utfePsf
gful/snfO{ljljwtfsf]klxrfg;lxt dof{bf / cfTd;Ddfgk"j{s hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg]
/ ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs x'g] .
¨ cfly{s¿kn]
ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf, ckf+utf ePsf gful/snfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g] .
¨ /fli6«o
;efdf k|To]s k|b]zaf6 sDtLdf Ps hgf ckf+utf ePsf JolQm jf cNk;+Vo lgjf{lrt x'g]
;'lglZrt ul/Psf] .
¨ ckf+utf
ePsf JolQm ;d]tsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f, ;zlQms/0f, ljsf; / ;Dj[l4sf] nflu
;+j}wflgs cfof]usf] ?kdf /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .
¨ g]kfnL
/fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglw;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm ul/g] .
¨ ;+j}wflgs
c+u / lgsfosf kbdf ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm ul/g] .
g]kfn ;/sf/
sfg"g,
Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf
tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw dGqfno
;"rgf
ljefu
dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] xsbfjL ;DalGw #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldltM @)&@÷!@÷$
lhNnf
8f]6L skNn]sL uf=lj=;= j8f g+=! l:yt ls=g+=!$(, !^), @)*, P]= j8f g+=@ sf]
ls=g+=^, #$, *$, !%!, @$*, @&(, ##&, #^!, #^$, #^*, #&) / #&@
sf] k'/} 3/ hUufx? nId0f g]uLsf] gfpFdf gfkgS;f ePsf]df hUufwlg >L nId0f
g]uLsf] ldltM-@)%#÷%÷!& df cljjfxLt ca:yfdf d[To' ePsf] / lgh hUufwlg nId0f
g]uL cljjfxLt ePsf]n] ;Gtfg 5f]/f 5f]/L sf]xL s]xL ge} ck'tfnL k/]sf] x'bf lghsf]
z]ifkl5sf] ;j}eGbf glhssf] xsbf/ d sfG5f a'af gftf kg]{ ltns l;+ g]uL dfq ePsf]
x'bf nId0f g]uLsf] gfddf gfk gS;f e} >]:tf k'hf{ ePsf] 8f]6L skNn]sL
uf=lj=;= j8f g+=! l:yt ls=g+=!$(, !^), @)*, P]= j8f g+=@ sf] ls=g+=^, #$, *$,
!%!, @$*, @&(, ##&, #^!, #^$, #^*, #&) / #&@ sf] k'/} 3/ hUufx?
d]/f gfpdf Psnf}6L gfd;f/L u/L kfpF elg skNn]sL uf=lj=;=sfof{no skNn]sL
8f]6Lsf] r=g+=!#^ ldltM-@)&@÷!!÷( sf] ls6fgL l;kmfl/;, nId0f g]uLsf] gfd
sf] h=w=k|=k'hf{, d[To' btf{ k|df0f kq, gftfk|dfl0ft, g]kfnL gf=k|=k, dfnkf]t
a'emfPsf] /l;b cfbL k|df0fx? ;fy} /fvL Psnf}6L gfd;f/L ul/kfpF elg lh=8f]6L
skNn]sL uf=lj=;=j8f g+=@ a:g] ltns l;+ g]uLn] o; dfnkf]t sfof{no, 8f]6Ldf ldlt
@)&@÷!!÷!) df lgj]bg lbg'ePsf]n] pQm hUuf ;DjGwdf s'g} s;}sf] xsbfjL k'Ug]
eP jf lgh nId0f l;+ g]uLsf] z]ifkl5sf] ;a}eGbf glhssf] cGo xsbf/ sf]xL eP of]
;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s #% -k}lt;_ lbg leq cfkm";Fu
ePsf ;Ssn k|df0f ;fy sfof{nodf ph'/ bfjL ug{ cfpg' xf]nf cGoyf Dofbleq s'g}
s;}sf] ph'/L bfjL gu/] lgodfg';f/ e} hfg] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfåf/f hfgsf/L
u/fO{G5 .
jN8{
lehg cGt/fli6«o g]kfn 8f]6L, ;dfg kx'Fr lasf; s]Gb| -l;8_ g]kfn, lhNnf jfn
sNof0f ;ldlt / laDa g]kfnL ;fKtflxsåf/f hf/L
afn ;+/If0f ;Gb]z
g]kfnsf] ;+lawfgdf
jfnjflnsf ;DjlGw xs
wf/f #(= afnaflnsfsf] xs
-!_ k|To]s
afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg
;lxt gfds/0f / hGdbtf{sf] xs x'g]5 . -@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/
tyf /fHoaf6 lzIff, :jf:Yo, kfng kf]if0f,
plrt :ofxf/, v]ns'b, dgf]/~hg tyf ;jf{ËL0f
JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{
k|f/lDes afn ljsf; tyf afn ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 . -$_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{
snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ afn
ljjfx, u}/sfg'gL cf];f/k;f/ / ckx/0f ug]{ jf aGws /fVg kfOg] 5}g . -^_ s'g} klg
afnaflnsfnfO{ ;]gf, k|x/L jf ;z:q ;d"xdf egf{ jf k|of]u ug{ jf ;fF:slts jf wfld{s k|rngsf
gfddf s'g} klg dfWod jf k|sf/n] b'Jo{jxf/, pk]Iff jf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo
jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] zf]if0f ug{ jf
cg'lrt k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g . -&_
s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/, ljBfno jf cGo h'g;'s} :yfg / cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s
jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf oftgf lbg kfOg] 5}g . -*_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ afn cg's'n
Gofosf] xs x'g]5 . -(_ c;xfo, cgfy, ckfËtf ePsf, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+
hf]lvddf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f / ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
;Dk"0f{df xflb{s cg'/f]w
– 8f]6LnfO{ v'Nnf
lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Dk"0f{ 8f]6Laf;L h'6f}+ .
– …8f]6Lsf] klxrfg, k"0f{
;/;kmfO{ xfd|f] cleofgÚ nfO{ ;kmn kf/f}+ .
– ;/;kmfO{nfO{ xfdLn] klxnf]
k|fyldstfdf /fVg'kb{5
– 3/af6 lgisg] kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf]
lglZrt vf8n agffP/ Joj:yfkg ug]{ u/f}+ .
– ljBfnodfkm{t ;/;kmfO{sf]
hgr]tgf ;d'bfodf lj:tf/ ug{'k5{ .
– zf}rfnodf dfq} lbzflkzfj
ug{'kb{5 / vfgf vfg' cl3 xft /fd|f];Fu w'g'k5{ eGg] Go"gtd\ 1fg lbg'kb{5
– ;/;kmfO{af6 ljleGg /f]ux?af6
aRg ;lsG5 .
– ;/;kmfO{df cu|;/ x'g]
JolQmnfO{ k|f]T;fxgsf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
– ;/;kmfO{ cefjdf nfUg] /f]u
tyf hf]lvdaf/] ;a}n] cfˆgf] :t/af6 hgr]tgf km}nfpg' kb{5 .
;'=k= If]qLo cg'udg tyf
;'kl/j]If0f
sfof{no /fhk'/, 8f]6L
lzIfs cfjZostf ;DalGw ;"rgf
k|yd
k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M– @)&@÷!@÷%
8f]6L lhNnf uu'8f ufla;–^ l:yt
o; >L di6]Zj/ dfWoflds laBfnodf /x]sf] tklzn cg';f/sf] l/Qm lzIfs kbdf v'Nnf
k|ltof]lutfåf/f c:yfoL kbk'lt{ ug]{ kg]{ ePsf]n] of]Uotf k'u]sf O{R5's g]kfnL
gful/s -dlxnf_ af6 ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq b/vf:t cfJxfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
tkl;n
la1fkg g+=
)!÷)&@÷)&#, kb M– lzIfs -dlxnf_, ;+Vof M– ! hgf,
z}lIfs of]Uotf M–
sDtLdf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ u/]sf]÷tflnd k|fKt
lsl;d M–
s/f/, pd]/ M– !* jif{ k'/f eO{
$) ggf3]sf]
lgj]bg cfO{k'Ug] clGtd ldlt M
@)&@÷!@÷@) ut];Dd
k/LIffsf] lsl;d M
lnlvt tyf cGtjf{tf{
;Dks{ ldlt M
@)&@÷!@÷@! ut]
b/vf:t b:t'/ M !)))÷–
k/LIff ldlt M
lhNnf lzIff sfof{no;+u ;dGjo u/L kl5 tf]lsg]5 .
cfaZos sfuhftx? M–
– g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk @
k|lt,
– z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0f kqx?,
@ k|lt
– tflnd k|fKt k|df0fkq k|ltlnlk
/ x:tlnlvt lgj]bg
– cWofkg cg'dlt kqsf] k|ltlnkL
@ k|lt,
yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;Dk{s df]=g+=
(*$*$!*%@& df ;Dk{s ug'{xf]nf
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no
8f]6L
;"rgf
k|sflzt ldltM @)&@÷!@÷)%
hgzlQm
cfjZostf ;DalGw ;"rgf .
g]kfn
;/sf/ / lkmgNof08 ;/sf/sf] ;+o'Qm ;xof]udf o; lhNnfdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] u|fdL0f
hn>f]t Joj:yfkg kl/of]hgf cGt/ut ;d'bfo:t/df ;~rfng ePsf hn>f]t ljsf;
;DalGw sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjogdf ;xhLs/0f ug{sf nflu tkl;nsf] kbdf k/fdz{bftfsf]
?kdf /xL sfd ug{ OR5's ;]jf k|bfos AolQmsf] cfjZostf ePsfn] @)&@ r}q !( ut]
leq lgDgfg';f/ of]Uotf k'u]sf O{R5's g]kfnL gful/sx?n] o; sfof{nosf] /fh:j
zfvfaf6 ? $)). lt/L pknAw u/fOg] j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd (Bio-data) e/L lgj]bg ;d]t lhlj;sf]
sfof{nodf sfof{no ;doleq a'emfpg' x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
lga]bgsf ;fydf lga]bssf] z}lIfs of]Uotf Pjd\ cg'ejsf k|df0fkqx?sf k|ltlnlk,
gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk, b:t'/ lt/]sf] /l;b ;+nUg u/L xfn]}sf] kf;kf]6{ ;fO{hsf] @
k|lt kmf]6f] /fvL vfd aflx/ kb / lj1fkg g+= k|i6 ?kdf pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 .
la1fkg g+=
)!÷)&@÷)&#, kb M lkmN8
;+of]hs (Field Coordinator_ cfjZos ;+Vof M ! hgf -sfo{/t
uflj;df cfwfl/t k"0f{sflng_
cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M
dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
:gfts jf k|df0fkq tx plQ0f{ . u|fdL0f ljsf; tyf ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] If]qdf :gfts
plQ0f{sf] xsdf slDtdf # jif{ sfof{g'ej / k|df0fkq tx plQ0f{sf] xsdf slDtdf %
jif{ sfof{g'ej ePsf] . ;fy} slDtdf klg ! jif{ hn>f]t ljsf;sf lqmofsnfkdf
cg'ej k|fKt ePsf] .
la1fkg g+= )@÷)&@÷)&# ,
kb M ;j OlGhlgo/ -Sub Engineer_ cfjZos ;+Vof M ! hgf -Sni6/df
cfwfl/t k"0f{sflng_
cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M
dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
l;len OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf k|df0f kq÷l8Knf]df pQL0f{ ePsf] / hn>f]t ljsf;
lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;e]{If0f, l8hfOg tyf lgdf{0f ;'kl/j]If0fdf slDtdf b'O{ jif{sf]
sfof{g'ej k|fKt .
la1fkg g+=
)#÷)&@÷)&#, kb M :jf:Yo
k|j¢{s -Health Promoter_ cfjZos ;+Vof M ! hgf -sfo{/t uflj;df cfwfl/t
k"0f{sflng_ cfjZos z}lIfs
of]Uotf / cg'ej M
dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
:jf:Yo lzIff ljifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx plt0f{ jf CMA/ANM plt{0f u/L u|fdL0f If]qdf ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo tyf
;/;kmfO{ If]qdf sDtLdf # jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej ePsf] .
la1fkg g+=
)$÷)&@÷)&#,
kb M
hn>f]t k|fljlws -Water Resources
Technician_,
cfjZos ;+Vof M @
hgf -sfo{/t uflj;df cfwfl/t k"0f{sflng_
cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ej M
dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
k|fljlws P;Pn;L (TSLC)÷l;len
;a cf]e/l;o/ pQL0f{ ePsf] . sfo{If]qdf cfwfl/t e} hn>f]t ljsf; lqmofsnfkx?df
slDtdf # jif{sf] sfof{g'ej k|fKt u/L slDtdf b'O{ j6f vfg]kfgL jf l;+rfO{sf of]hgfx?
;DkGg u/]sf] .
gf]6M
pDd]bjf/ ;d'bfod} /xL, ;d'bfosf
nflu sfd ug{ O{R5's, zf/Ll/s ?kdf :j:y tGb'?:t, /fhg}lts?kdf t6:y, g}lts cfr/0f
ePsf] x'g'kg]{ 5 Pjd\ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf;+u ;dGjo u/L sfo{s|d ;~rfng ug]{
Ifdtf ePsf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .
;+lIfKt ;"lr (Short Listing) df k/]sf lgj]bsx?nfO{ dfq
lnlvt tyf cGt/jftf{df ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5 . lnlvt tyf cGt/jftf{ ;DalGw ;"rgf
kl5 lhlj;sf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf dfq k|sflzt ul/g] 5 .
dfnkf]t sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] xsbfjL ;DalGw #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
k|yd k6s ;"rgf
k|sflzt ldlt M @)&@÷!@÷)$ ut]
lnlvtd lhNnf 8f]6L a5}{g
uf=la=;= j8f g+=& ls=g+= %*&, %(#, ^)!, ^!@, ^%*, ^^*, ^&),
^&*, &$^, *%% / *%* ePsf] h=w= k|df0f k"hf{df d]/f] gfd v8\s
jxfb'/ jf]u6L / d}n] k|fKt u/]sf] gf=k|=k=g+= #÷$@@#÷*(! ldlt M @)$^÷#÷!$
s}nfnL sf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0f kqdf d]/f] gfd xs{ jxfb'/ ad e} d]/f] gfd
km/s kg{ uPsf] ePtf klg v8\s jxfb'/ jf]u6L / xs{ jxfb'/ ad km/s km/s JolQm ge}
d v8\s jxfb'/ jf]u6L eGg] xs{ jxfb'/ ad ePsf] x'bf d}n] k|fKt u/]sf]
g]=gf=k|=k= adf]lhd x'g] u/L h=w=k|= k'hf{df gfd ;RRofO{ xs{ jxfb'/ ad sfod
u/Lkfp elg a5}{g uf=lj=;=l:yt hUufwlg k|df0f k'hf{, dfnkf]t a'emfPsf] /l;b,
g]kfnL gfu/Lstfsf] k|df0f kq, uf=la=;=a5}{g 8f]6L sf] r=g+=!(( ldlt M @)&@÷!@÷$
sf] ls6fgL l;kmfl/; ;fy xs{ jxfb'/ adn] @)&@÷!@÷$ df o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg
lbg' ePsf] x'bf pQm hUuf ;DjGwdf s'g} s;}sf] xsbfjL k'Ug] eP jf v8\s jxfb'/
jf]u6L eGg] cGo JolQm eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s
#% -k}lt;_ lbg leq cfkm";Fu ePsf ;Ssn k|df0f ;fy sfof{nodf ph'/ bfjL ug{
cfpg' xf]nf cGoyf Dofb leq s'g} s;}sf] ph'/L bfjL gu/] lgodfg';f/ e} hfg]
Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfåf/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
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