वर्ष १२, अंक ५२, २०७२ साल चैत्र २३ गते मंगलबार,

d"Vo ;dfrf/

rf/ lhNnfsf &% k|ltzt ;xsf/L lglZqmo

;/sf/n] ;xsfl/tfnfO{ lasf;sf] Ps vDaf dfg]sf] ePklg ;'ksf kxf8L lhNnfsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] eg] ;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff cg';f/sf] sfd ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;'ksf rf/ lhNnfsf &% k|ltzt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? lgliqmo /x]sf 5g .

l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no 8f]6Ln] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ 8f]6L, c5fd, aemfË / afh'/f lhNnfaf6 btf{ ePsf s'n ;ft ;o !% ;xsf/L ;+:yfdWo] kfFr ;o @% ;xsf/L ;+:yf lgliqmo /x]sf 5g . s/La Ps ;o () ;xsf/L dfq} ;xsf/L ;lqmo /x]sf] l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nosf k|d'v nIdLs'df/ lasn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgn] eg] æbtf{ ePsf s'n ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?dWo] @% k|ltzt  ;+:yfx?n] dfq lgoldt k|lta]bg a'emfpg'sf ;fy} aflif{s n]vf k/LIf0f u/]sf 5g .Æ

;'?df ;xsf/L ;+:yf vf]Ng ;d'bfo ;lqmo ePtf klg cGtdf Aoj:yfkg x'g g;Sbf ;+:yfx? lgliqmo x'g] u/]sf] sfof{no k|d'v lasn] atfP . lasn] eg] æ;'?df ;a} ;+:yf vf]Ngsf nflu xf}l;G5g, kl5 To;sf] Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ To;}n] aGb÷vf/]h ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf cfpF5 .Æ

sfof{non] lgliqmo ;+:yfnfO{ vf/]h ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . sfof{non] cfly{s aif{ )&)÷)&! /  )&!÷)&@ df   rf/÷rf/ u/L u/L * ;xsf/Lx? ;+:yfx? vf/]h ul/Psf 5g\  .

y'k}| ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?  vf/]h x'g ;Sg] ePklg ;/sf/L P]gdf ;dosf] xb ePsfn] w]/} ;xsf/L vf/]h x'g afFsL /x]sf] sfof{no k|d'v lasn] atfP . pgn] eg]  æ;/sf/L P]g @)$* cg';f/ b'O{ aif{;Dd lgliqmo ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ vf/]h ug]{ k|fAwfg ePsfn] ;a} lgliqmo ;xsf/L ;+:yf vf/]h x'g ;s]sf      5}gg\ .Æ

rf/ lhNnfdf @) s/f]8

l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no 8f]6Lsf] tYofÍ cg';f/ rf/ lhNnfdf /xsf ;lqmo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df @) s/f]8 && nfv ^) xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] kF'hL /x]sf] 5 . cfly{s aif{ )&@÷)&# ;Dd rf/ lhNnfsf laleGg  ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ^ xhf/ tLg ;o ($ hgf z]o/ ;b:o /x]sf 5g eg] *# hgf   sd{rf/Lsf] ?kdf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g .

8f]6L lhNnfsf] nIdL ;/:jtL ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8, c5fdsf] l5lth ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L +;+:yf, aemfËdf xfd|f] s[lif ;xsf/L / afh'/fdf lqa]0fL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf /fd|f] ug]{ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{non] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

;xsf/Ldf cfj4 AolQmnfO{ l8lehg sfof{non] laleGg a]nfdf tflndsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ u/]sf] gfoa ;'Aaf hutk|;fb hf]zLn] atfP . hf]zLn] eg] æs]xL /fd|f] u/]sf ;xsf/L klg 5g, s]xL hlt ubf{ klg lgliqmo ePsf ;xsf/L   5g . ;xsf/Lsf] lasf; geP/ b]z lasf; klg ;Defjgf    5|}g .Æ

;Dkfblso

;fj{ef}d;Qf / ax;

clxn] d'n'sdf Pp6f csf]{ t/+u pTkGg ePsf] 5, a|;]N;df o'/f]k]nL ;+3 / ef/tn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgaf/] k|lts"n l6Kk0fL    u/]kl5 . ;/sf/n] To;sf] s8f k|ltjfb dfq u/]g, ef/t /     o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf /fhb"tnfO{ af]nfO{ ck|;Ggtf JoQm ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t u?{of] .  ptf, ef/tLo /fhb"t /0flht /]n] o'/f]k]nL ;+3;Fu} ef/tn] lnPsf] c8fgdf lg/Gt/tf /x]sf] bfaL t u/] g}, pgn] g]kfnsf] …;fj{ef}d;QfÚ af/] ax; x'g'kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] va/ s]xL ;~rf/dfWoddf cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s]lGb|o ;b:o z]v/ sf]O{/fnfn] klg …g]kfnL ;fj{ef}d;QfÚ af/] ax; x'g kg]{ wf/0ff ;fa{hlgs u/]sf 5g .

g]kfn ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;b:o xf] / b'O{k6s p;n] ToxfFsf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;b:otf u|x0f u/]sf] 5 . ef/t :jo+n] g]kfn;Fu Ps :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d d'n'ssf ¿kdf cg]sf}F ;lGw / ;xdltx¿df x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5 . Tolt dfq x}g, b'lgofFdf s'g} a]nf st} ;"of{:t gx'g] elgPsf] a]nfotL ;fd|fHosf] …3fdÚ g]kfndf em'lNsFb} em'lNsPg . g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;gftg, lg/Gt/ / cleefHo 5 .  ToxL cfwf/df pm /fi6«;+3sf] ;b:o ag]sf] xf] . ;DejtM ef/tLo /fhb"t :jo+n] pgsf] cleJolQmaf/] :ki6 kfg{' h?/L 5, g]kfn ;/sf/n] gaf]nfP klg .

b'O{ l5d]sLaLr pTkGg ltQm ;DaGwsf] of] r/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{' b'O{ kIfsf] 7"nf] r'gf}tL xf], clxn]sf] . Tof] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug]{ ;jf]{Qd tl/sf Pp6fn] csf{sf] ;fj{ef}d x}l;ot Go"g u/]/ vf]Hg ;lsGg .  xf], g]kfn Pp6f k|hftflGqs d'n's xf] / ljlwjt\ tyf ;+ljwfgsf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ lgjf{lrt ;/sf/n] d'n'sleq of aflx/ cyf{t\ cfGtl/s jf afXo ;DaGwaf/] g]kfnnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .

d"n'ss} ;a} eGbf 7'nf] bn g]kfnL sf+u|];n] s'g}         cflwsf/Ls wf/0ff ;fa{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g , g]kfndf /fli6«otf / k|hftGqsf] dfGotf af]Sg] 3f]if0ff;Fu} cl:tTjdf /x]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|]; / To;sf g]tfn] olt uDeL/ ljifodf gaf]Ng] 5'6 kfpFb}gg\ . t/, kf}8]nn] ca JolQmut ¿kdf :ki6 ug{'kg]{ kl/l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] 5 . pgL cfkm"nfO{ :jtGq d'n'ssf] lhDd]jf/ …g]tfÚ dfG5g\ ls dfGb}gg\ <

To;n] 8f= sf]O/fnfn] klg cfˆgf] cleJolQmnfO{ yk :ki6 kfg{' h?/L 5 . g]kfnL ;fj{ef}d ;Qfaf/] pgL / pgLh:tfnfO{ lsg ;Gb]x 5 < xf], afx|a'Fb]df 8f= sf]O/fnfsf] dxQ\jk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] / To;kl5 g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf ;fj{ef}d ks8 sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . t/, ToxL p2]Zon] afx|a'Fb]df x:tfIf/ u/fpg 8f= sf]O/fnf nfluk/]sf lyP eg] To;nfO{ d'n'slj?4sf] if8\oGq g} dflgg' kb{5 .  jf:tjdf, To;sf cGo x:tfIf/stf{x¿n] clg To;nfO{     /fhgLltsf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt dfgL /fhgLlt ;~rfng ug]{ ;a} bnx¿ ca afx|a'Fb]sf] c;nL …k|efjÚ af/] ;r]t x'g h?/L 5 .

;+3Lotf, wd{ lg/k]Iftf / u0ftGqnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] cg'df]bg / lg0f{osf] kl/lw aflx/ /fvL …nflbg'Ú sf] cy{ a'‰g     / To;df ;'wf/ ug{ l9nfO ug{' x'Fb}g . /fhgLlts / ;+ljwfg n]vg ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf ;|f]t g]kfnL gful/sx¿sf] clwsf/ If]qleq} :yflkt ul/g'k5{ . o'/f]k]nL ;+3 / ef/tsf] l6Kk0fLnfO{ k|ltjfb ug]{ csf]{ pQd / :jLsfo{ ljsNk 5}g .

;dfrf/

;f}o{ phf{n] agfof] lemlnldnL

tkfO{ 8f]6L lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsfsf] l;nu9L jhf/df /ftL lxF8\b} x'g'x'G5 < tkfO{nfO{ j8f l;dfgf 5'6\ofpg ;d:of g}  x'Fb}g . h'g j8f pHofnf]do ePsf] 5, Tof] xf] j8f–@ .

gu/kflnsf sfof{nosf] cfly{s ;xof]udf cfly{s jif{ )&!÷)&@ / )&@÷)&# df Ps ;o $& j6f ;f]nf/ lat/0f u/]kl5 j8f pHofnf]do ePsf] 5 .

cfly{s aif{ )&!÷)&@ df gu/kl/ifbaf6 tLg nfv krf; xhf/ / ;efifb sf]ifaf6 b'O{ nfv u/L kfFr nfv krf; xhf/ ah]6 /sd ;f]nf/sf] nflu lalgof]hg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] cfjdf gu/kl/–ifb\af6 5'6\ofOPsf] ah]6af6 klxnf] r/0fdf && 3/w'/LnfO{ lat/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . j8f–+ @ sf :yfgLoaf;Lx?n]  cFWof/f]af6 d'Qm x'gsf nflu ;f]nf/ dfu u/]sf] :yfgLox? atfP . o;} u/L cfj )&@÷)&# df klg gu/kl/ifbaf6 lalgof]hg ePsf] ah]6jf6 :yfgLoaf;Lx?n] k'gM ;f]nf/sf] dfu u/] .æa}slNks ;f}o{ phf{, Ps 3/ Ps ;f]nf/Æ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy csf]{ k6s klg gu/kflnsfn] ;f]nf/sf] nflu /sd lalgof]hg u/]sf] xf] .

 j8fsf k|To]s 3/  kl/jf/nfO{ ;f]nf/ lat/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] afFsL /x]sf 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ o; k6s klg cfPsf] kfFr nfv /sd ah]6af6 &) j6f 3/w'/Ldf ;f]nf/ lat/0f ul/Psf]  gu/kflnsf sfof{non]   hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

bf]>f] r/0fdf lat/0f   ul/Psf] k|lt ;f]nf/sf] d'No cf7 xhf/ gf} ;o %) ?k}ofF k/]sf] a}slNks zf}o{ phf{ Ps 3/ Ps ;f]nf/ sfo{qmdsf cWoIf lbk]Gb| gf/fo0f >]i7n] atfP .

;f}o{ phf{ k|0ffnLjf6 3/ / 6f]n pHofnf] ePkl5 :yfgLojf;Lx?n] v'zL JoQm   u/]sf 5g . /ftL vfgf ksfpg] / vfg] j]nfdf ug]{ laB't k|flws/0fsf] nf]8;]l8Ëjf6 jfSslbSs ePsf j8fjf;Lx?–nfO{ ;f]nf/n] /fxt lbPsf] jtfpF5g :yfgLo gljg >]i7 . pgL eG5g …clxn] afnaflnsfx?sf] k7gkf7gdf klg ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .Ú pgn] gu/sf cGo j8fx?df ;d]t o:tf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g' kg]{ jtfP .

306]Zj/ :jf:Yo rf}sLdf tfnfaGbL

306]Zj/ ufla;sf nId0f lai6 306]Zj/ :jf:Yo rf}sLdf laut ^ aif{ b]vL sfof{no ;xof]uL kbdf        sfo{/t lyP . ;f]xL kbdf lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{noaf6 lgo'Qm eP/ uPkl5 nId0f casf; eP .

af/kf6f ufla;–! sL d}gf lai6 af/kf6f :yf:Yorf}sLdf nfdf] ;do b]vL sfo{/t lyO{g lhNnf :yf:Yo sfof{non] of]u]Gb|k|zfb gf}GofnnfO{ k7fP kl5 d}gf casf; eO{g .

lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no 8f]6Ln] lhNnfsf laleGg :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df sfof{no ;xof]uL kbdf s/f/df lgo'Qmu/L sd{rf/L k7fP k5L :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf lajfb pTkGg ePsf] 5 . 306]Zj/ :jf:Yorf}sLdf ;+3if{ ;ldlt u7gu/L tfnfaGbL  ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{non] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf 4f/f s/f/ kbk'lt{ ul/g] egL ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] la1fkgdf sfo{/tx?nfO{ laz]if u|fXotf lbO{g] eGg] pNn]v u/]sf] eP klg 5gf]6sf qmddf To;f] x'g ;s]g .

^ aif{ b]vL b]vL sfof{/t elgPsf AoQmL @ aif{ b]vL dfq sfo{/t /x]sf] k|df0fkq ;dfa]z ul/Psf] hg:jf:Yo clws[t l/tf e08f/Ln] atfO{g . 

tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 k'/f x'Fbfx'Fb} klg sfo{/tnfO{ la:yflkt ug]{u/L lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{non] u/]sf] pQm lg0f{o k|lt 306]Zj/ ufla;sf] ;a{blno ;doGqn] ;d]t cfkQL hgfPsf] 5 .

o:t} af/kf6f ufla;sf  :yfgLoaf;Lsf] e]nfn] d}gf lai6nfO{ la:yflkt u/L csf]{ ufla;af6     sd{rf/L k7fPsf] eGb} cfkQL hgfPsf] 5 .

e]nfn] gjlgo'Qm sd{rf/LnfO{ xfFlh/ x'g glbg :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ bjfj lbP kl5 gf}Gofn klg xfFlh/  x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . af/kf6f :jf:Yorf}sLn] :yfgLo la/f]wsf sf/0f lgh sd{rf/LnfO{ xfFlh/ u/fpg g;lsPsf] hfgsf/L lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nodf k7fO{Psf] 5 .

lhNnfsf laleGg :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf of] lajfb aNemLPsf] 5 . lhNnf :jf:Yo k|d'vn] dgf]dfgL 9+un] sfof{no ;xof]uL 5gf}6 u/]sf] :yfgLosf] cf/f]k 5 .

 :jf:Yo ;+:yf aGb ePsf] laifodf cf}krfl/s hfgsf/L gcfPsf] al/i7 hg:jf:Yo clws[t l/tf e08f/Ln] atfO{g . of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfuL s] ug'{ xG5 eGg] laDasf] k|Zgdf e08f/Ln] elgg\ æd eGbf dfyL ;ldlt 5 Tof] ;ldltdf nu]/ s'/f /fV5f}F . Æ kl/Iff ;ldltn] kIfkft k'0f{ lg0f{o u/]sf] eGg] cf/f]k oxfFx?nfO{ 5 < eGg] k|Zgdf e08f/Ln] elgg\ æ xfdLn] klxnf] k6s a}1fgLs ?kdf c+s lbP5f}F, kl/Iffdf s'g} ;d:of 5}g lslno/ s6 5 .Æ

gfkmfdf ;'b"/klZrd If]qLo dxf]T;a

pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3 8f]6Lsf] cfof]hgfdf ;~rfng ePsf]  æ;'b'/klZrd If]qLo dxf]T;a @)&@Ædf pBf]u afl0fHo;+3 gfkmfdf /x]sf]  5 .  lautsf aif{df 3f6fdf ;~rfng x'g] u/]sf] dxf]T;a P; aif{ Ps nfv $) xhf/ ( ;o @) ?k}Fof gfkmfdf /x]sf] pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3 8f]6Ln] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/]/ hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

kmfu'g @! ut] b]vL #) ut];Dd lbkfondf ;~rfng ePsf] If]lqo dxf]T;adf  %$ nfv !@ xhf/ &%) cfDbfgL  / %@ nfv &! xhf/ * lt; ?kofF vr{  /x]sf] laa/0f ;fa{hlgs ul/Psf] xf] .

@)&) ;fndf klg ;'b"/klZr If]lqo dxf]T;asf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;+3n] dxf]T;a 3f6fdf ;~rfng ePkl5 @)&! ;fndf dxf]T;a ;~rfng ug{ ;s]g . dxf]T;asf] cfof]hgf ug{ g;s] kl5 ævKt8 e|d0f aif{ @)&!Æ 3f]if0ff ul/of] t/  pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3n] e|d0f aif{ klg k|efjsf/L agfpg ;s]g .

dxf]T;a cem w]/} gfkmfdf nUg ;lsg] eP klg l;hgn l6s6sf sf/0f oQL dfq} ePsf] pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3 cWoIf      g/]Gb| v8sfn] atfP . pgn] eg] æ s]xL /fd|f] u/]sf 5f}F , s]xL sdhf]/L ePsf 5g, sdhf]/Laf6 kf7 l;Sb} cfufdL aif{df ;RofpFb} n}hfG5f}F . l;hng l6s6sf af/]df xfdLnfO{ klg s]xL l;sfO{ ePsf] 5 . To;df klg csf]{ aif{af6 ;RofpF5f}F .Æ

;a}sf] ;fy / ;xof]uaf6 dxf]T;a ;kmn ePsf] al/i7 pkfWoIf laqmd ;fpFbn] atfP . pgn] eg] æ ;a} 8f]6Laf;Lsf] ;xof]usf sf/0f xfdL ;kmn ePsf xf}F pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3n] oxfFx?sf] ;xof]usf] ;+of]hg dfq} u/]sf] xf] . ;xof]usf nfuL ;a}nfO{ wGoafb .Æ

jflif{sf]T;jsf] ca;/df /Qmbfg 

Plzog nfO{km OG:of]/]G; sDkgL lnld6]8 8f]6L zfvfn] sDkgLsf] gjf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] ca;/df /Qmbfg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hf u/]sf] 5 . cfO{taf/ lbkfondf /Qmbfg ;lxt laleGg sfof{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L aflif{sf]T;a dgfOPsf] 5 .

lbj;s} ca;/ kf/]/ d[To'bfjL e'QmfgL, pTs[i7 clestf{nfO{ ;Ddfg     ul/Psf] 5 .   P;lzog nfO{km       OG:of]/]G;n] ladfsf] If]qdf /fd|f] sfd u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltyL ;d]t    /x]sf  8f]6L pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf       g/]Gb| v8\sfn] atfP . pgn] eg] æ ladfsf] If]qdf lhNnf s} klxnf] / nfdf] sfd u/]sf] cg'ea ePsf] sDkgL g} Plzog xf], o; lhNnfsf w]/} gful/ssf] lhag ladf  P]lzog nfO{kmdf g} u/]sf 5g .Æ

sfo{qmddf 8f]6Lsf] af/kf6f uflj;sf d[ts z]/ axfb'/ anfo/sL kTgL efuf b]jL anfo/nfO{ d[To' bfjL e'QmfgL jfkmt @ nfv %$ xhf/sf] r]s x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . Plzog nfO{km OG:of]/]G; sDkgL lnld6]8 8f]6L zfvf k|aGws gj/fh kl08tn] sDkgLsf] 8f]6L zfvfsf] ultljw k|:t't u/]sf lyP . gjf}+ jflif{sf]T;j sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtJo /d]z lji6 / ;+rfng /fh]Gb| cj:yLn] u/]sf lyP .

;/sf/L j]a;fO6 jif{df @ k6s Xofs Û

sf7df8f}+ ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / kx'Fr a9];Fu} g]kfnsf] ;fOa/ ;'/Iff cToGt} bogLo /x]sf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 .  cfO{6L ;]So'l/6L sDkgL l/uf] 6]Sgf]nf]hLn] klxnf] k6s Ú;fO{a/ y|]6 l/kf]6{ @)!%Ú / …OGkmd]{zg ;]So'l/6L ;e]{ l/kf]6{ @)!%Ú sf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ub}{ g]kfnsf] ;fOa/ ;'/Iffdf vt/f /x]sf] ;+s]t lbPsf] xf] . 

l/uf]n] ;fOa/ ;]So'l/6Lsf] jt{dfg cj:yf / eljio Hofb} bogLo /x]sf] eGb} g]kfndf ;fOa/ c;'/Iff lbgfg'lbg al9/x]sfn] o;nfO{ /f]Sg ePsf k|of; ;a} c;kmn ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 .   l/uf] 6]Sgf]nf]hLsf clkm;/ laho lnDa" ;]lgXofªn] g]kfndf ;fOa/ ck/fwLx?sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] atfP . …;fOa/ ck/fw lbgfg'lbg a9\b}5, t/ xfdL cem} klg a]jf:tf u/]/ cfˆgf] l8efOx? rnfO/x]sf 5f}FÚ, pgn] eg], 3/df rnfpg] 6LeL, df]afOn, /fp6/sf] kf;j8{ ;'/lIft g/fv]/ xfdL Xofs/x?nfO{ lgDtf] lbO/x]sf 5f}F .Ú

pgn] g]kfn ljZjd} w]/} ;fOa/ cfqmd0f x'g] b]zdf #(cf}+ :yfgdf /xsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] hfgsf/L lbP . k|ltj]bgdf sf:k/:sL Nofasf] cWoognfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ g]kfnsf nflu ;g\ @)!^ df ;fOa/ ck/fwLx? ;lqmo ePsf] jif{ aGg ;kmn ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . h;df ;f];n g]6jls{ª b'?kof]u, ;/sf/L j]a;fO6 j]a;fO6 dfq} geO a}+s/laQLo ;+:yf, Pglhcf]/cfOPglhcf] h:tf 7"nf skf]{/]6  sDkgLx? ;d]t Xofs/sf] lgzfgfdf       k/]sf] 5 . ;fy} of] jif{ -;g\ @)!^_ df ;fOa/ cfqmd0f @% k|ltztn] a9\g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

otf, dxfgu/Lo ;fOa/ ;]n 6]s'sf cg';f/ ;a}eGbf    w]/} ph'/L ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf6 cfpg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5. ;g\ @)!% df km];a'saf6 gSsnL cfO8L agfP/ 7Ug] ;a}eGbf    w]/}, To;kl5 ;sf/L j]a ;fO6 Xofs ug]{ k|j[lt / Od]naf6 Dof;]h k7fP/ 7Ug] k|j[lt b]lvPsf] 5 .  ;g @)!% df dfq} 86 cf]cf/hL, lhcf]eL 86 PgkL, Ol8o" 86 PgkL / 86sd 86 PgkLdf 8f]d]gdf ag]sf (%& j6f j]a;fO6 Xofs eof] .

v]n va/

lqms]6 k|]dLn]  slxn] ge'Ng] rf/ 5Ssf

sf]nsQfsf] O{8g uf8]{gdf 6L–@) ljZjsksf] kmfOgn le8Gtdf O+UNof08sf] Aofl6ª /fd|f] /x]g . t/, 6Ldn] !%) /g kf/ u?{of] .  !%^ /gsf] nIo k5\ofPsf] j]i6 Ol08hsf] klg ;'?jft lgs} v/fa /Åof] . hf]g;g rfn{\;, lqm; u]n / lnG8n l;dG; cfp6 x'Fbf 6Ldsf] :sf]/ !! /g lyoof] .

dn]{g ;fd'cnn] l6d ;Dxfn] . t/, clGtd cf]e/sf] klxn] O+Nof08n] afhL dfg]{ b]lvof] . j]i6Ol08hnfO{ lhtsf nflu ^ andf !( /g rflxof] . O+UNof08n] a]g :6f]S;nfO{ g} an ydfof] eg] lqmhdf sfnf]{; a|]yj]6 lyP .

cf7f}+ 6L–@) Dofr v]ln/x]sf a|]yj]6sf cufl8 a]g :6f]S; lgs} cg'ejL lyP .  t/, klxnf] an pgn] n]u :6Dkdf kmfn] . of]s{/ kmNg] k|of;df ;kmn ePgg\ / a|]yj]6n] kfj/km'n ;6 xfGb} Aofsj8{ :Sjfo/ n]usf] aflx/ k7fP .

ca j]i6Ol08hnfO{ kfFr andf !# /g rflxof] . a|]yj]6n] bf];|f] andf klg :6f]S;nfO{ s'g} df}sf lbPgg\ / annfO{ nª cg afpG8«L kf/ u/fP .

ca rf/ andf & /g eP k'Uof] . t/, t];|f] andf a|]yj]6n] nª ckm afpG8«Lsf] aflx/ 5 /gsf nflu :6«f]s nufP . cf]e/ ;'? x'g' cl3 v]n O+UNof08sf] kIfdf lyof] . a|]yj]6n] tLg andf nuftf/ 5Ssf xfGb} j]i6Ol08hsf] kf]N6fdf kf/] . t/, pgL Toltd} /f]lsPgg\ . pgn] rf}yf] an klg ld8 ljs]6 aflx/ 5 /gsf nflu k7fpFb} j]i6Ol08hsf nflu cljZj;gLo lht lbnfP .

a]g :6f]S; tLg 5Ssfkl5 g} 3'F8fdf xft /fv]/ a;]sf lyP .  a|]yj]6 Aofl6ª x]bf{ o:tf] nfUYof] of] oyf{t xf] jf xf]O{g htL anLª x'G5 k|To]s andf 5Ssf dfq} k|xf/ ub}{ lyP pgsf] Aofl8ª x]bf{ nfUYof] b'O{ an yk ePsf] eP klg plg 5Ssf g} k|xf/ ug]{ lyP . 

lalrqsf va/

dlxnfn] Ps}rf]l6 hGdfOg\ % hgf 5f]/L

ef/tdf Ps dlxnfn] Ps} k6sdf % aRrf hGdfPsL l5g\ . ef/tsf] 5lQ;u9 /fHol:yt ;/u'hf lhNnf c:ktfndf @# jif{sL dlgsf /fhjf8] gfdsL dlxnfn] % hgf 5f]/L hGdfPsL x'g\ .

dlxnf / pgn] hGdfPsf kfFr} hgf lzz' :j:y /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . t/ tL aRrf ;do eGbf klxn] hlGdPsf x'gfn] pgLx?sf] tf}n eg] sd /x]sf] c:ktfnsf clwsf/Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .  dlgsfn] ue{ /x]sf] & dlxgfd} aRrf hGdfPsL x'g\ . pgsf 5f]/Lx?sf] jhg ! b]lv 8]9 lsnf] ;Dd /x]sf] 5 . tf}n sd ePsf sf/0f lzz'x?nfO{ c:ktfnsf] cfOl;o'df /flvPsf] 5 / lrlsT;sx?n] pgLx?sf] k|ToIf lgu/fgLdf pkrf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . 

Ps;fy kfFr aRrf hGdfpg] dlgsfsf klt dx]zsf cg';f/ dlgsf o;cl3 klxnf]k6s ue{jtL x'Fbf pgsf] ue{ v]/ uPsf] lyof] . Ps;fy kfFr   5f]/Lsf] afp x'g kfPsf]df dx]z v';L 5g\ t/ Ps}rf]6L Tolt w]/} aRrfnfO{ s;/L x'sf{pg] / kfng kf]if0f ug]{ eGg] lrGtfn] pgnfO{ ;tfPsf] 5 .

n]v÷larf/

lrlgofF sf8{sf] bf];|f] …OlgªÚ

cd]l/sf–rLg ;DaGwsf] eljioaf/] cd]l/sL ljb]z gLltsf Ps kyk|bz{s dflgg] jl/i7 k//fi6«ljb       x]g/L lsl;Gh/, h;n] /fi6«klt l/r8{ lgS;gsf] ;g\ !(&) sf] bzsdf tfOjfgnfO{ 5f]8]/ d'Vo e"ld rLgnfO{ cd]l/sfn] cf}krfl/s klxrfg lbP/ ;DaGw hf]8\g] s"6gLltsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf lyP, ltg} x]g/L lsl;Gh/n] blIf0f–rLg ;d'›df ljBdfg ;Ldf ljjfbaf/] rLg;Fu cd]l/sfn] s:tf] s"6gLlt ckgfpg'k5{ eGg]af/] xfn;fn} lgDg ;f/ule{t l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP, …rLg;+Fusf]     cd]l/sfsf] åGåsf] gLlt /f]hfO xf], cfjZostf xf]Og .Ú

bL3{sfnLg lxtsf nflu g]kfnn] rLg;F+usf] kf/jxg, oftfoft, nufgL / Jofkf/sf nflu ckf/      cj;/sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng' t/ ef/tsf] gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f tTsfnsf nflu ;d:of ag]sf] OGwg cfk"lt{ / e"sDkn] aGb tftf]kfgL gfsf v'nfpg] kxndf s'g} 7f]; pknlAw xfl;n x'g g;Sg'n] k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] ef/tsf] gfsfaGbLnfO{ 6Ss/ lbg k|of]u ul/Psf] elgPsf] …rLg sf8{Ú /f]hfO xf] of cfjZostf eGg sl7g 5 . ;/sf/ lu/fpg] / l6sfpg] sfddf ef/tn] k|efj /fVg] ePsfn] t]n cfk"lt{sf ;jfndf k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] gfsfaGbLsf] cj:yfnfO{ …kv{ / x]/Ú sf] gLlt lnPsf] t x}g eGg] ul/G5 . xf]Og eg] cg'bfgsf ¿kdf lbOPsf] t]n ToxL af6f]af6 cfpg ;Sg] t/ lsg]/ Nofpg] t]nrflxF tTsfn cfpg g;Sg] eGg] ts{df t's 5}g . csf]{lt/ s"6gLltsf] sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f g]kfnn] dfu k|:6 ¿kdf /fVg g;s]sf] xf] jf rLgn] ef/tsf] ljsNksf ¿kdf g]kfnnfO{ 5xf/L lbg gvf]h]sf] xf], ;do;+Fu} k|l:6Fb} hfg]5 .

…lrlgofF sf8{Ú sf] bf];|f] Olgª cyf{t k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] rLg e|d0fkl5 ef/tsf] g]kfn;DaGwL s"6gLltn] s] lbzf lng] / cf]nLn] o;nfO{ ;fdgf ug{ rLg;Fu bf];|f] r/0fdf s:tf] ;DaGw a9fpg]5Gf x]g{ afFsL 5 . t/ tTsfnsf nflu eg] cf]nLsf] rLg e|d0fn] ef/tsf] /fhgLltdf Psvfn] t/+u k}bf ul/lbPsf] 5 . cf]nLsf] ef/t e|d0fn] ef/t;Fu lalu|Fb} uPsf] ;DaGwdf sxL+ Iflt lgoGq0f -8\ofd]h sG6«f]n_ ePsf] b]lvP klg ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL g/]G› df]bL / o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf cWoIf 8f]gfN8 6:saLrsf] b'O{ kIfLo jftf{kl5 oxL #) dfr{df hf/L ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm jQmJodf, …g]kfnn] ldnfpg afFsL /x]sf ;+j}wflgs d'2fx¿ ;do;Ldfleq l5§} ;Daf]wg ug{'k5{Ú eGg] s8f k|ltlqmof ut jif{ ef/t glhs elgPsf pk/fi6«klt df]xdb gfl;bnfO{ b]z›f]xsf] d'2fdf h]n xfn]/ ;'? ePsf] dflNbE;sf] /fhgLlts ;+s6;Fu} hf]8]/ g]kfnsf] ;d:of ef/tn] o'/f]k;+Fusf] p;sf] b'O{ kIfLo s"6gLltdf p7fg ug{'n] gfsfaGbLsf] ;d:of cln lylu|Psf] h:tf] b]lvP klg ef/tsf] g]kfn lj?4sf] zLto'4 cem} hf/L 5 eGg] b]lvG5 . p;f] t oxL !^ dfr{sf] h]g]efdf ;DkGg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf ef/tsf /fhb"t clht s'df/n] …;do;Ldfleq} g]kfnn] ;+j}wflgs ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{'k5{Ú eGg] o:t} cfzosf] jQmJo lbP/ ef/tsf] g]kfndflysf]         cGt/fli6«o df]rf{aGbL /fv]sf lyP .

g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwdf c;+j]bgzLn aGg] sfd b'j}lt/ ePsf 5g\ . /fhsLo e|d0fdf af]nfpg], aUuL r9fP/ /fi6«klt ejgd} :jfut ug]{ t/ /fhsLo e|d0fsf] lgDgtd dof{bf dflgg] ;+o'Qm jQmJo;Dd lbg gdfg]sf] ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ ckdfg u/] hlts} xf] eg] k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] ef/t / dw];k|ltsf] s8f /j}of hf/L g} 5 . s"6gLltsf] vf;} Vofn gu/L b]zsf] lhDd]jf/ k|wfgdGqLn] xf]Og, Pp6f sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] s'g} ;fgf] 36sn] efif0f u/]h:tf] u/L cf]nL lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . …ljv08gsf/LnfO{ 3fF; gxfn] x'G5, b"w cfpFb}gÚ eGg' jf …g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGw dhb'/–dflnssf] ;DaGw xf]OgÚ eGg' o;}sf pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ .

g]kfn / ef/t ;DaGwsf af/]df ef/tLox¿sf] k|ltlqmof b]Vbf b'O6f lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . klxnf], k|b]zsf] ;Ldfsf ;jfndf ef/tn] cf]nL ;/sf/af6 vf;} ;dfwfg glgl:sg] cfsng u/]sfn] ef/t of] ;/sf/sf] ljsNksf] vf]hLdf 5 . bf];|f], g]kfnn] Jofkf/, oftfoft / kf/jxgdf rLg;Fu xft ldnfpg cl3 a9]kl5 ef/t s]xL cQflnPsf] 5 . clxn] dlgz+s/ co/nufotsf ef/tLo s+u|]; cfO{sf w]/}h;f] g]tf df]bLsf] g]kfn gLltsf] c;kmntfsf sf/0f g]kfn rLgsf] kf]N6fdf k'u]sf] eGg] cf/f]k nufpF5g\ eg] df]bLsf] gLltsf] k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ;dy{g ug]{ g]kfn gLltsf/ P;8L d'gL;lxtsf ljZn]ifsx¿ …g]kfn rLg;+Fu glhlsPsfdf gcQflng'kg]{ lsgls rLg;+Fu ePsf !) j6f ;Demf}tf s]jn k|tLsfTds -l;Daf]lns_ dfq ePsf] / o;n] ef/tdflysf] g]kfnsf] lge{/tdf clxn] g} sdL gcfpg] ePsfn] dw];Lsf] dfldnfdf l5§} em'Sg gx'g]Ú eGg] /fo /fV5g\ . ef/t;Fu glhs 7flgg] gofF zlQmsf afa'/fd e§/fO{n] t k|wfgdGqL cf]nL rLg hfg'k"j{ …ef/tn] g]kfndf gfsfaGbL nufPsf] k|ltlqmof:j¿k rLg;Fu Hofbf glhs gx'gÚ ;'emfj} lbP .

ca k|Zg p7\5, cf]nLsf] rLg e|d0fkl5 cfqmfdsh:tf] b]lvPsf] ef/t, Gofofnob]lv x/]s lgsfodf /fhgLtLs/0f eof] eg]/ lj/f]w hgfO/x]sf] sf+u|]; / Ps dlxgfsf] …clN6d]6dÚ lbP/ cfGbf]ng tLj| agfpg] of]hgfdf /x]sf dw]; s]lG›t bnx¿sf] k[i7e"lddf cf]nLn] s] unf{g\ < clxn] g]kfndf Psflt/ cf]nLnfO{ /fhf dx]G› jf aLkLkl5sf] ;a}eGbf /fi6«jfbL g]tf eGg]x¿ 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ ljz]if u/L dw]; cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{x¿ cf]nLn] ;:tf] nf]slk|otfsf nflu ef/tlj?4 tfQftf] / ;+j]ufTds k|ltlqmof lbP/ g]kfnsf] ;Gt'lnt k//fi6« ;DaGwnfO{ laufg]{ / /fli6«otfsf gfddf pu|/fi6«jfbnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ sfd u/]sf] eGg]x¿ 5g\ .

cfufdL lbgdf hlthlt cf]nL ;/sf/ gofF ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjogdf cl3 a9\b} hfg]5, Tolt w]/} pgsf] ;/sf/dfly ef/t, g]kfnL sf+u|]; / dw]; s]lG›t bnx¿sf] bafa a9\b} hfg]5 . ;/sf/ l6sfO/xg cf]nL;fd' ;Lldt ljsNk afFsL 5g\ . cf]nLsf] klxnf] ljsNk s"6gLltsf] ;Sbf] ;b'kof]u u/L ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;'wfb}{ hfg' x'g]5 . t/ dw]; s]lG›t bnx¿;Fu ;+ljwfgdf bf];|f] r/0fsf] ;+zf]wgsf nflu ;xdlt gag];Dd ef/tn] g]kfndfly b'O{ kIfLo bafa / cGt/fli6«o df]rf{aGbL sfod /fVg] h:tf] b]lvG5 . ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGw ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu k|ltk /x]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|]; / cfGbf]ngdf /x]sf dw]; s]lG›t bnx¿nfO{ ljZjf;df lng'kg]{ x'G5 . cfkm" ;/sf/df hfg] jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s k|b]zsf] ;Ldfsf dfldnfdf g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;lhn} s}nfnL, s~rgk'/, df]/ª, ;'G;/L / emfkf tf]8\g /fhL xf]nf h:tf] nfUb}g . cf]nLsf] bf];|f] ljsNk eg]sf] ;/sf/ 9n] 9nf]:, ef/t ;fd'sf] cfˆgf] /fli6«otfsf] c8fg g5f]8\g' x'g]5 . To;f] t cf]nLsf] jt{dfg ;/sf/ ef/tsf] c3f]lift gfsfaGbLs} k[i7e"lddf ag]sf] u7aGwg xf] . cf]nL ;/sf/sf] :yfloTj ef/t;Fu eGbf a9L Pdfcf]jfbLsf] lgufxdf cl8Psf] b]lvG5 . hlt ef/tsf] bafa k]lrnf] aGb} hfG5, Tolt w]/} k|r08 / pgsf] kf6L{ Pdfn];Fu 6fFl;P/ a:g] b]lvG5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogdf ult/f]w cfof] jf Pdfn]sf] Psnf}6L jr{:j eof] eg] Pdfcf]jfbL sf+u|]; / dw]; s]lG›t bnx¿;Fu glhlsg]5 .

rLg;Fusf] ;DaGw cem ;'b[9 agfpgsf nflu cf]nLsf] rLg e|d0fn] 9f]sf vf]ln;s]sf]  e"kl/j]li7t b]z g]kfnsf] kf/jxgsf] clwsf/ / Jofkf/ / oftfoftsf] ljljwLs/0fnfO{ rLg, ef/t  cGt/fli6«o huTn] l:jsfl/;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . t/ rLgnfO{ g]kfnn] ;s]hlt ljZjf;df lng ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . g]kfn e"kl/j]li7t d'n's ePsf lx;fan] Jofjxfl/s ljsNk vf]Hgsf nflu ef/th:t} rLg;Fu ;bfaxf/ ;DaGw -cnj]b/ ldqtf_ hf]l8g nfu]sf] s'/fnfO{ g]kfnsf] s"6gLltsf] dfu{bz{g agfpg ;Sg'k5{ . ef/t;Fu ;DaGw lalu|Psfn] dfq xfdL rLgd'vL ag]sf xf]Ogf+}, xfdL rLg / ef/t b'j}sf] a9\bf] cfly{s j[l4b/ / ljsf;sf] kmfObf p7fpg l:jh/NofG8, k|mfG; / hd{gLaLrsf] ;]t' ag]em}+ g]kfn ljZjsf b'O{ pbfpFbf zlQmaLrsf] kf/jxg, oftfoft, Jofkf/, ko{6g, pmhf{ -lah'nL_ cflbsf If]qdf ;]t' aGg] s'/f k|:6 kfg{ h?/L 5 . lrlgofF /fi6«klt ;L lhªlkªn] …g]kfnn] rLg / ef/tdf ePsf ljsf;af6 kmfObf lng ;S5Ú eg]/ ;DaGwsf] 9f]sf vf]ln;s]sf 5g\ .

aLkL sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 pgn] ef/t / rLg;Fu g]kfnsf] s:tf] ;DaGw agfpg'k5{ eGg] lgDg l;4fGt cf]nLsf nflu w]/} ;fGble{s 5– …v'nf l;dfgf, /xg;xg, wd{, efiff, /Lltl/jfh / kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw cflbsf sf/0f ef/t;Fu /fhgLlts / cfly{s lx;fan] rLgeGbf glhssf] ;DaGw /fVg] t/ o;f] ubf{ ;fgf] b]z g]kfn j}b]lzs gLlt / s"6gLltsf lx;fan] k'/} ef/tsf e/df 5 eGg b]lvg gx'g] .Ú oxL eP/ xf]nf ;g\ !(^) sf] dfr{df ef/t;Fu …cfly{s / ;Ldf ;Demf}tfÚ u/]sf aLkLn] rLgsf k|wfgdGqL rfpPgnfOnfO{ g]kfn lgDTofP/ rLg;Fu ToxL jif{sf] clk|ndf …zflGt / d}qLÚ ;DaGw ufF;], h;n] g]kfn k"0f{ ¿kdf ef/t;Fu lge{/ 5}g eGg] b]vfof] .

clxn]sf] cj;/ eg]sf] ca g]kfnn] rLg;Fu s'g} gofF nufgL / ;xof]usf] ;Demf}tf ubf{ lsg u?{of] eg]/ cf}+nf 78\ofpg] cj:yf /x]g . t/ cf]nLsf] rLg e|d0fsf a]nf OGwg, Jofkf/, oftfoft -/f]8, /]n cflb_ / hn;|f]tsf If]qdf s'g} 7f]; pknlAw x'g g;Sg'n] g]kfnsf] tof/L gk'u]s} xf] eGg] b]lvG5 . rLgn] s'g} 7f]; kl/of]hgfsf] cWooglagf Ps}rf]l6 nufgLdf xfd kmfnL xfNb}g . gq eg] kfls:tfgdf oftfoft / ;'/Iffnufot If]qdf $^ ca{ 8n/, >Ln+sfdf aGb/ufxnufot If]qdf @ ca{, !) j6f clk|msL b]zx¿df @^ ca{ 8n/eGbf a9L nufgL ug]{ rLgn] p;sf] l5d]sL g]kfndf lsg /f]8, /]n, OGwg, lah'nL, l;+rfO, s[lif cflbdf nufgL ug{ g;Sg] <

g]kfnnfO{ bL3{sfnLg ¿kn] Ps b]zdf dfq lge{/ x'g] cj:yfaf6 arfpg] xf] eg] rLg;+Fu bf];|f] r/0fsf] ;xdlt / ;Demf}tf x'g h?/L 5 . # dlxgfleq g]kfnsf] e08f/0f Ifdtf a9fP/ OGwg;DaGwL ;Demf}tf x'g'k5{ eg]       ;'/Iff cflbsf If]qdf rLgnfO{ cfZj:t kf/]/ tftf]kfgL gfsf vf]nfpg ;Sg'k5{ . 7Ls To;/L g} ;DefJotf cWoog xf]Og ls /f]8, /]n, lah'nL, l;+rfO, s[lif cflbdf rLgsf] nufgLnfO{ tTsfn leTof{pg ;Sg'k5{ . o;n] g]kfndf rLg / ef/tn] nufgLdf k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg]5, h:tf] ls clxn] ef/tdf rLgsf] Ps a]N6, Ps /f]8sf] gLlt        ef/tn] cg';/0f ug{'kg]{ s'/f p7]sf] 5 .   rLgsf] k//fi6« gLltnfO{ s]nfpg] xf] eg] b]ª;fcf] lkªn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] zflGtk"0f{ zlQm clej[l4 cyf{t nf] k|f]kmfOnd} zlQm ;~ro ug]{ gLltaf6 jt{dfg /fi6«klt ;L lhªlkªsf] …rLg Pp6f zlQmsf ¿kdf pbo eO;s]sfn] o;}cg';f/sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'k5{Ú eGg] gLltdf uPsf] b]lvG5 . rLgsf] oxL gLltaf6 g]kfnn] kmfObf p7fpg ;Sg'k5{ . ;/sf/ arfpg ef/t;Fu em'Sb} hfg] jf ef/t lge{/tfsf] ljsNkdf rLg;Fu bf];|f] Olgªsf] ;xdlt ug]{, cf]nLsf] /f]hfO s] x'g] xf], x]g{ afFsL 5 . cf]nLnfO{ g]kfn–rLg ;DaGwsf] gofF Oltxf; agfpg] jf Oltxf;df gfsfaGbL, sfnf]ahf/L, cefj / e"sDksf] kL8f;fd' d"sbz{s k|wfgdGqL aGg] b'j} ljsNk v8f 5g\ .                                                                               n]vs 8f= cË/fh ltldlN;gf

nf]s;]jf cfof]u

a:t'ut k|Zgf]Q/ M

!= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg,@)&@ hf/L ePsf] pknIodf g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\n] slt b/sf :dfl/sf l;Ssf lgsfNg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 <

– ¿= @)) / ¿= !))

@= lj; @)&@ ;fnsf] nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] ÚkB>L k'/:sf/Ú k|fKt ug]{ ;h{sx¿ sf] x'g <

–pk]Gb ;'Aaf / df]xg d}gfnL

#= …Ps ca{ ko{6s : Ps ca{ cj;/Ú eGg] gf/f ;lxt ;g @)!% df dgfOPsf] ljZj ko{6g lbjz sltcf} xf] <

–#^ cf}

$= k6s k6s u/L xfn;Dd cGtl/Ifdf ;a}eGbf a9L cjlw latfpg] /l;og cGtl/If ofqL …h]Ggf8L kf8fNsfÚ n] slt cjlwsf] /]s8{ agfPsf 5g <

–&( lbg

%= o;jif{ @)&@ df g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|lti7fgn] k|bfg ugss Úlj1fg

tyf k|ljlw k|1f …k'/:sf/Ú s:n] k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ <

–k|f= 8f= xl/b]j kGt

^= g]kfnL n3'ljQsf lktf dflgg] g]=/f=a}=sf k"j{ 8]k'l6 ue{g/ 8f= xl/b]j kGtsf] lgwg slxn] eof]<

–lj; @)&@ ebf} @! ut]

&= lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f+}n] Úl8lh6n l8:Kn]Ú k|0ffnLsf] ;'¿jft slxn]b]lv u¥of] <

–lj; @)&@ ebf} @@ ut]af6

*=g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfndf slxn]b]lv smart driving license  lbg z'¿ u/]sf] xf] <

–lj; @)&@ dl;/ !$ ut]

(= @)&! c;f]h $ df g]kfndf ;j{k|yd gbL ;Dd]ng sxfF ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] <

–sflnu08sL gbL lsgf/df

!)= 3f6' gfr s'g hflt ;+u ;DalGwt  5 <

– u'?ª

!!= g]kfndf ATM sf] ;'?jft ug]{ klxnf] a}Fs s'g xf ]<

– s'df/L  a}Fs

@= ;'o{ af6 ;a} eGbf glhssf] u|x s'g xf] <

– a'w

!#= eujfg s[i0fsf] z+vnfO{ s] elgG5 <

–kf~rhGo

!$= g]kfnsf] at{dfg /fli6«o lutsf /rgfsf/ sf] x'g <

–k|lbk s'df/ /fO

!%= g]kfn-ltAat lrg lar a]qfjtLsf] ;lGw slxn] ePsf] lyof] <

–;g\ !((@ -la=;+=!*$(_

!^=;'rgf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf æbluetoothÆ s] a'lemG5 <

–jfo/n]; 6]Sgf]nf]hL

!&= ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]/Lsfsf k|yd cZj]t /fi6«klt sf] x'g\ <

– af/fs x';]g cf]afdf

!*=Rofpsf] a}1flgs gfd s] xf] <

–Agarics Bosporus

!(= ;j{k|yd dxf/fhlw/fhsf] kbjL wf/0ffug]{ /fhf sf] x'g\ <

–c+z'jdf{

@) o'j/fhlw/fh 3f]if0ff ug]{ k|yf s'g /fhfsf] kfnfb]lv rn]sf] xf] <

–c+z'jdf{

@!= c+z'jdf{n] 5f]/L e[s'6Lsf] ljx] sf];Fu ul/lbPsf lyP <

– ef]6sf /fhf ;|ªrª uDkf];Fu

@@= Pl;ofsf] ;aeGbf 7'nf] zx/ hfkfgsf] 6f]lsof] / clk|msfsf] 7"nf] zx/ s'g xf] <

–OlhK6sf] sfo/f]

@#= ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf Wjlg k|b'if0f x'g] zx/ s'g xf] <

– sfo/f] 

@$= zfGt jftfj/0fsf] zx/ eGgfn] s'g zx/nfO{ a'emfpF5 <

– e]lg; 

@%= lal;{Psf] zx/ egL s'f zx/nfO{ hgfO{G5 <

–Nxf;f

@^=hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df laZjsf] bf];|f] 7'nf] ef/t If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df sltcf+} :yfgdf k5{{ <

– ;ftf}+

;f|]t ;+sns /fd lai6

              df]km;n kqsfl/tf

kqsfl/tfdf w]/} dfG5] /x/n] cfPsf 5g\

l;4/fh /fO{

gful/s b}lgs ;+afbbftf, wgs'6f

¨  tkfO+{sf] k'/f kl/ro kfpF g <

Ö  l;4/fh /fO{, wgs'6f, gful/s b}lgs ;+afbbftf wgs'6f .

¨ tkfO{n] lsg kqsfl/tf k]zf /f]Hg' eof] <

Ö  klxn] gfd cfpg] /x/n] . clxn] lhljsf rnfpg'  kg]{ afWotfn] .

¨  slt ;do eof] o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] <

Ö   !& aif{

¨ s:tf] vfnsf] kqsfl/tf ug{ ?rfpg' x'G5 <

Ö  lhNnfdf a;]/ kqsfl/tf ug]{nfO{ lj6df sfd ug{ d'l:sn 5 . To} klg dnfO{ lzIff ;DaGwL l/kf]l6{ª ubf{ dHhf nfU5 .

¨ kqsfl/tfdf t w]/} ;d:ofx? 5g eG5g lg, s:tf vfnsf ;d:ofx? kfpg' eof] <

Ö   ;d:of 5g\ . b]vfpg klg ufx|f] . gb]vfO klg gx'g] . klxnf] ;d:of       kqsfl/tfdf w]/} dfG5] /x/n] cfPsf 5g\ . /x/] kqsf/x?n] ubf{ Aoa;flos ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . pgLx? s]xL lbg cfp5g\ clg x/fp5g\ . To;kl5 dg b]lv kqsfl/tfdf nfu]sf AolQmx? 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ ;j}lt/af6 r'gf}lt 5 . cfly{s, zfl/l/s, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 5}g . ef]sf] k]6n] kqsfl/tf rln/x]sf] 5 . 

¨ df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf t of] eGbf klg a9L ;d:ofx? 5g eGg] ul/G5 lg Û

Ö   df]km;n eg]/ /fhwfgLdf a:g]x?n] ;w} bf];|f] bhf{sf kqsf/ eG5g\ .       bIftf ePsf / nugl;n kqsf/x?nfO{ /fhwfgLsf 7'nf x'F eGg] kqsf/x?n] x]k]sf 5g\ . To;} dfyL ldl8of xfp;n] klg lhNnfdf sfd ug]{ l/kf]6{/nfO{ eg]sf] a]nf tna lbFb}g . tna dfUof] eg] hflu/af6} lgsflng' kg]{ cj:yf klg 5 . Tolt dfq} x}g . /fhwfgL aflx/af6 lg:sg] klqsfdf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?n] t tna ljg} sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . hf]lvddf kqsfl/tf ug'{ k/]sf] 5 .

¨ tkfO{ t wgs'6f lhNnfjf6 kqsfl/tf ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . df]km;n} ePklg Jo:t Pj+ cln lasl;t lhNnfsf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 wgs'6fnfO, Tolt w]/} ;d:of gxf]nfg, x} <

Ö   wgs'6f / 8f]6L Ps} lsl;dsf lhNnf x'g\ . wgs'6f k'jf{~rnsf] ;b/d'sfd ;j} sfd lj/f6gu/af6 x'g] . 8f]6L ;'b'/klZrdsf] ;b/d'sfd t/ ;j} sfd wgu9L  / g]kfnu+haf6 x'g] . oL b'j} lhNnfsf] dfgj ljsf; ;'rfª\sdf wgs'6f cuf8L xf]nf t/ w]/} ;dfgtf 5g\ . wgs'6fsf kqsfl/tf ev{/ dfq} Aoa;flos ljsf; eO{/x]sf] 5 . cem} b}lgs klqsf lg:sb}g . ;fKtflxs klqsf klg lgEg nfu]sf alQ h:t} 5g\ .

¨ df]km;n kqsfl/tfsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;/sf/L If]qjf6 s:tf vfnsf kxnx? ePsf 5g h:tf] nfU5 tkfO{nfO{ <

Ö  df]km;nsf kqsfl/tf ljsf;sf] nflu /fHon] s'g}  ;xof]u u/]sf 5}g . lj1fkg gLlt l7s 5}g. s]Gb|d'vL gLlt agfPsfn] kqsfl/tfsf] ;j} cj;/ sf7df8f} / 7'nf ;x/ s]lGb|t ePsf 5g\ . lhNnf a:g] kqsf/x?n]  ;fdGo tflnd afx]s s]xL kfPsf 5}gg\ . /fd|f] tflnd lng] / kqsfl/tf k9\g] cj;/ df]km;ndf a:g] kqsf/n] kfPsf 5}gg\ . 

¨ df]km;ndf sfd ug]{ kqsf/x?sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfuL g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] slQsf] e'ldsf v]n]sf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

Ö  g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] lhNnfdf zfvf ePsfn] k|efjsf/L e'ldsf x'g' kg]{ xf] . t/ dxf;+3sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;f]r k'/fg} w/f{df rln/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf g]t[Tjn] kqsf/x?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu hf]8tf]8 nfu]sf 5f} eG5g\ . t/ xflQ cfof] km':; eg] h:t} 5 . kqsf/sf] lhjgljdf ug]{ eg]sf] 5 . t/ ;"rgf ljefusf] sf8{ clgafo{ u/]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf a;]sf kqsf/n] ;"rgf ljefusf] sf8{ lng} d'l:sn 5 .

¨ ;~rf/sdL{x?sf a}rfl/s ;+u7gx? n] df]km;n kqsf/sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nfuL s:tf] e'ldsf v]n]sf] kfpg'x'G5 <

Ö  o:tf ;+u7gx? r'gfj dfq} sfd nfU5g\ . j}rfl/s k];fut ;+u7gn] Ps klIfo ljrf/ of]hgf dfq} sfo{Gjog ug{ lgb]{z u5{g . of] ;Defj 5}g .

¨  tkfOsf] ljrf/df kqsfl/tf s] xf] <

Ö   kqsfl/tf ;dfhsf] P]gf xf] . t/ wldlnPsf] 5 . dof{lbt / Aoa;flos agfpg' k5{ .

¨ nfdf] ;do;Dd kqsfl/tf k]zfdf x'g'x'G5, slt sdfpg' eof] <

Ö  kqsfl/tf u/]/ sdfPsf] eg]sf] gfd xf] . k};f eg]sf] lhjg rnfpgsf] nflu cfjZos a:t' dfq} xf] . kqsfl/tfsf] sdfO{n] kl/jf/ rn]sf] 5 .

¨ g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tf If]q lbgk|ltlbg ab\gfldt x'Fb} uPsf] 5, kf7s ju{n] ;dfrf/sf] laZjf;gLotfk|lt k|Zg p7fpg yfn]sf 5g, ;~rf/sdL{x? klg u}/ sfg'gL lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg ePsf 5g eGg] cf/f]k klg nfUg yfn]sf] 5, tkfO{nfO{ s] nfU5 <

Ö  kqsfl/tfdf vx/]vf]nfsf] af9L cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] gfd abgfd b'j} 5 . kqsf/x? klg vx/] vf]nfs]f] af9Ldf cfPsf 9'+ufd'9f h:tf 5g\ . stf uP/ 7f]lsg] xf] . stf lsgf/f nfUg] xf] . 6'+uf] 5}g . vx/]df cfPsf kqsf/x?n] a9\gfdL sdfPsf 5g\ . d}n} cfkm'nfO{ O{dfGbf/ agfpg] xf] eg] kqsf/sf] Hofs]6 nufP/ c? sfd ug]{ kqsf/x? klg 5g\ . kqsf/sf] sf8{ af]s]/ ;8sdf xNnf ug]{ klg 5g\ . kqsfl/tfdf eujfg eg]s} kf7s, bz{s / ;|f]tf x'g\ . pgLx?sf] ljZjf; lhTg ;lsof] eg] dfq} kqsfl/tf cuf8L a9\5 . To;}n] ;xL ;"rgf lbg kqsf/ tof/ /xg' k5{ .

¨ tkfO{ t nfUg' ef 5}gg\ xf]nf lg o:tf s'/fdf Û

Ö   kqsfl/tfdf nfu]/ ug{ g;s]sf] / ghfg]sf] sfdg} u}/sfg'gL wGwf xf] .

¨ o;df ;'wf/sf nflu s] ug{' k5{ h:tf] nfU5 <

Ö   htL ;lsG5 cfkm'af6 ;'wf/ ug'{ k5{ . ;dfrf/df Wofg lbg] kqsf/x?sf] Wofg unt sfo{df vf;} hfFb}g .  ;dfrf/ n]Vg clN5 ug]{ kqsf/n] To:tf sfd ub}{ lx8\5g\ . afgL k/]kl5 s;}n] 5f8\b}gg\  . To:tf kqsf/nfO{ /f]Sg ;lsb}g .

¨ df]km;n kqsfl/tf If]qdf ;'wf/sf nflu tkfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ s] ;'emfj lbg rfxfg'x'G5 <

Ö ;/sf/n] ;j} eGbf klxn] kqsfl/tfnfO{ Aoa;flos agfpg] gLlt Nofpg' k5{ . sld;g vfP/ lj1fkg lbg] sd{rf/L / Ph]G;L x6fpg] cleofg yfNg' k5{ . leQfdf ;"rgf 6fF;]/ xf]O{g . klqsf 5fk]/, /]l8of] / 6]nLlehgdf k|zf/0f u/]/ ljn agfpg' k5{ . lhNnfsf ;/sf/L sfof{non] Ps aif{df vr{ ug]{ ;"rgf / ;~rf/ zLif{ssf] ah]6af6 clgjfo{ %) k|lt;t /sd :yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWoddf vr{ ug{ ;Sof] eg] df]km;nsf] kqsfl/tf ljsf; x'g ;S5 .  

¨ cGTodf eGg] kg]{ s'g} s'/f 5'6] h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 ls <

Ö  ;'b'/ klZrdaf6 ;'b'/kj{df a;]/ kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf kqsf/nfO{ ;lDemg' eof] . xfd|f] efO{rf/f ;DaGw lg/Gt/ sfod /xf]; .

¨ ;do / larf/sf nfuL wGoafb .

Ö  tkfO{ / tkfO{sf] klqsf k|ult xf]; . wGoafb .

                         snf ;flxTo / ;+F:s[tL

uhn

;~rf/ af6 x/fPsf] dfG5] x' d .

dfof b]lv 8/fPsf] dfG5] x' d ..

dfof d'2f xfn] k5L d/f] gfpdf .

cbfntn] bf]lif 7/fPsf] dfG5] x' d  ..

pgn] lhltg d}n] xf/]k5L dfofdf  .

Gofo kfp eGb} s/fPsf] dfG5] x' d ..

afWotf clg laaztfn] 3]/] k5L .

a;fO{ cGt} ;/fPsf] dfG5] x' d ..

emns ldng l;+x

7]ufgf– aemfË

xfn– l;nu9L, 8f]6L

uhn

gj jif{ km'nf]; kmnf]; d]/f] z'esfdgf

j}/efj / lj/f]w 9nf]; d]/f] z'esfdgf ..

lbbLalxgL,bfh'efO,b]z / ljb]z ;adf

;b\efjsf] bLk anf];, d]/f] z'esfdgf ..

/ftf] lbgsf] lvrftfgL,5n / a]OdfgL

v/fgL e} l5§} hnf]; d]/f] z'esfdgf ..

xfd|f] zfg / cl:tTjdf wfjf af]Ng vf]Hg]

n'6fxf/sf] dl:tis unf];, d]/f] z'esfdgf ..

;of}F y'Fuf km"nsf] dfnf, ;hfO g]kfnsf]

pGgltdf kfOnf rnf];\, d]/f] z'esfdgf ..

     /fh]Gb| cfu|L

7]ufgfM– sfn'v]tL–* aemfË

  xfn– ;d'Gb| kf/L, ef/t

uhn

af cfdfnfO bª nfP h:tf] x'b}g lab]zdf .

hlt sfd u/]lg ;fx'sf] dg 5'b}g lab]zdf ..

b'v x'Fbf la/fld x'Fbf 3fp rf]6k6s nfUbf .

cFx slxn] s;}sf] lg dg ?b}g lab]zdf ..

b'vsf] efl/ k|b]zd} la;fpg] cfzf 5 eg] .

;To s'/f olx xf] k};fn] b'v w'b}g lab]zdf .

cefjn] ;w} k};fsf] dfu 3/ af6 cfp5 .

k};fsf] esfl/ cfsfzaf6 r'b}g lab]zdf ..

h;sf] laZjf;df ;j{:j ;'Dk]/ k|b]lz x'G5 .

p;}n] 5f8\bLbf olt t dg s'b}g lab]zdf ..

 P; lk dfyj/

bfª b]pv'l/ xfn bf]xf stf/

d'Qms

au]sf] vf]nf kmls{Gg yfxf 5 ls 5}g

;don] s;}nfO klv{Gg yfxf 5 ls 5}g

sfddf olt w]/} Jo:t eOof] eg]

l/;n] gzf ;ls{Gg yfxf 5 ls 5}g ..

–       c1ft

–       la1fkg, ;"rgf / zGb];

–       g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf yf?sf] clwsf/   

–           g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf yf?sf] xs clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

–       ¨ juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs, wfld{s, lje]b cGTo ug]{ .

–       ¨ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .

–       ¨ df}lns xs tyf dfgj clwsf/sf d"No / dfGotf ;'lglZrt ug]{ /fHosf] /fhgLlts p2]Zo   x'g] .

–       ¨ ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf pTklQ, wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, ln+u, efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj gul/g] .

–       ¨ ;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf yf¿ nufot gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f jf ljsf;sf nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ .

–       ¨ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg] / To;sf nflu ljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug{] xs x'g] .

–       ¨ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;f+:s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+jw{g / ;+/If0fug{] xs x'g] .

–       ¨ ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 k/]sf yf? ;d]tnfO{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf] lgsfodf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs x'g] .

–       ¨ d'Qm sDxn/L, e"ldxLg, ;'s'Daf;Lx¿sf] klxrfg u/L a;f]af;sf nflu 3/ 38]/L tyf hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu s[lifof]Uo hdLg jf /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ub}{ k'gM:yfkgf ug]{ .

–       ¨ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ?kdf Ps yf? cfof]usf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

–       ¨ /fHosf] ;+/rgf ubf{ ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;dtfd"ns ;dfh, ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj / klxrfgsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ .

–       ¨ /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt km/s km/s ln+u jf ;d'bfosf] x'g] .

–       ¨ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'g] k|ltlglw ;ef / k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu          /fhgLlts bnn] pDd]bjf/L lb+bf  ;dfj]zL cfwf/df ug]{ .

–       ¨ ;+j}wflgs cfof]usf] ?kdf /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

–       ¨ g]kfnL ;]gfdf yf? ;d]tsf] k|j]z ;dfgtf / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ul/g] .

–       ¨ g]kfnL /fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglw ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm ul/g] .

–       ¨ ;+j}wflgs c+u / lgsfosf kbdf ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm ul/g] .

–       ¨ hg;+Vofsf] 3gTj, ef}uf]lns ljlzi6tf, k|zf;lgs Pj+ oftfoftsf] ;'udtf, ;fd'bflos tyf ;f+:s[lts kIfnfO{ ;d]t Wofg /fVb} sfo{ ug{sf nflu lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f x'g] .

–               g]kfn ;/sf/

–       ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw dGqfno

–                 ;"rgf ljefu

                                                                 g]kfn ;/sf/

–                                                           sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;+;lbo dfldnf dGqfno

–       dw'd]x -lrgL /f]u_ M Ps hfgsf/L

–       dw'd]x z/L/df pTkGg o:tf] /f]u xf] h;jf6 Carbohydrate gfds zlQmbfos vfB tTj z/L/sf] pkof]udf cfpg ;Sb}g . of] /f]u nfu]df Un'sf]h -Glucose_   /utdf hDdf x'g yfN5 / lk;fjsf] ;fydf jflx/ lg:sG5 . h;n] ubf{ z/L/df zlQm k|fKt x'Fb}g . o; /f]unfO{ c+u|]hLdf DIABETES elgG5 . h;sf] zflJbs cy{ lu|s efiffdf jflx/ lg:sg' of jUg' xf] . laz]if u/]/ $) jif{ eGbf dfyLsf] pd]/sf] JolQmdf of] /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . cfo'{j]bdf of]      /f]unfO{ k|d]x elgG5 .

–       /f]u nfUg'sf] sf/0f M

–       dw'd]x xfd|f] z/L/df ePsf] kfrg c+ux?sf] Pp6f ;fgf] c+u Pancreas -cUGofzo_ sf] sfo{df las[lt eof] eg] x'G5 . Pancreas n] Insulin eGg] Harmone lgsfN5 . h;sf] sfd Un'sf]hsf] kfrg ug'{ xf] . Insulin gjGbf jf ag]/ klg      /fd|f];+u sfd gubf{ /utdf Glucose sf] dfqf j9\g uO{ dw'd]x /f]u -Diabetes Mellitus_ x'G5 .

–       /utdf Glucose sf] ;fdfGo dfq M

–       ¨ vfnL k]6df M Fasting blood suger : L110 mg/de

–       ¨ vfgf vfPsf] @ 306fdf M PP (Post prandix_ : L10mg/de

–       k|sf/ M cfo'j]{bdf @) lsl;dsf] k|d]x dflgPsf] 5 . cfw'lgw lrlsT;f la1fg cg';f/ d'Votof

–       != Insulin dependent M vf; u/]/ $) jif{ d'lgsf JolQmdf o;df pkrf/sf] nflu insulin sf] O{Gh]S;g g} nufpg' k5{ .

–       @= Non-Insulin Dependent M $) jif{ eGbf dfyLsf] JolQmdf M o;df d'vjf6 ;]jg ug]{ cf}ifwLx?jf6 tyf vfgkfgdf k/x]h tyf zf/Ll/s Jofofdjf6 lgoGq0f x'G5 . o;sf] ;fy} ule{0fL dlxnfdf tyf aRrfx?df x'g] dw'd]x klg x'G5 . dw'd]x  /f]u j+z k/Dk/fjf6 klg cfpg] ub{5 . cToflws lrGtf ug]{ dfG5]df klg of] /f]u kfO{G5 .

–       nIf0f tyf lrGxx? M

–       != lk;fj w]/} k6s x'g' -Polyuria_

–       @= cToflws ltvf{ nfUg' -Polydipsia_

–       #= ef]s a9L nfUg' -Polyphogia_

–       $= z/L/sf] tf}n PSsf;L 36\g'

–       %= z/L/df sdhf]/L

–       ^= d'v ;'Vvf x'g'

–       &= lnË tyf of}gL lrnfpg'

–       *= of}g lqmofdf O{R5f gx'g'

–       lgbfg M

–       != lkzfj hfFr -Urine test_

–       @= /ut hfFr -Blood suger test_

–       pkrf/ -;+If]kdf_ M

–       != cfxf/ lgoGq0f -Diet Control_ M %) k|ltzt pkrf/

–       @= Jojl:yt hLjgrof{ tyf Jofofd M @% k|ltzt pkrf/

–       #= cf}ifwL M afFsL @% k|ltzt pkrf/

–       t;y{ cfxf/–laxf/ lgoGq0f g} d'Vo pkrf/ dfg]/ dw'd]xsf /f]uLn] cf}ifwL klg hLjge/ vfO{/fVg'k5{ .

–       cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwLx? M

–       ! xNbL r"0f{±cdnf r"0f{ !÷! rDrf vfnL k]6

–       @= rGb|k|efjtL±lznfhLt /;fog

–       #= hfd'g lar r"0f{±d]yL r"0f{±s/]nf :j/;

–       $= Amree plus powder, lqjË lznf

–       %= Tab Debix cap Disona, Tab Diabecon

–       ^= a;Gt s';'dfs/ /; M ;j{>]i7 cf}ifwL

–       gf]6 M cf}ifwL k|of]u ubf{ lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx lnP/ dfq k|of]u ug]{ afgL a;fnf}+ .

–       lhNnf cfo'j]{b :jf:Yo s]Gb| lbkfon 8f]6L

lzIfs cfjZostf ;DalGw ;"rgf

k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M– @)&@÷!@÷!*

8f]6L lhNnf sflnsf:yfg ufla;df l:yt o; >L zf/bf pRr dfWoflds laBfnodf /x]sf tklzn cg';f/sf l/Qm lzIfs kbx?df v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f c:yfoL kbk'lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] of]Uotf k'u]sf O{R5's g]kfnL gful/saf6 ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 .

tkl;n

la1fkg g+= )!÷)&@÷)&#, 

!= kb M– lzIfs ,  ;+Vof M–  ! hgf,   laifo M c+u|]hL

tx M pRr dfla 

z}lIfs of]Uotf M– ;DjlGwt lajifdf sDtLdf :gftsf]Q/ tx pQL0f{ u/]sf] .

lsl;d M– pRr dfla cg'bfg,    pd]/ M– !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) ggf3]sf]

@= kb M lzIfs, ;+Vof M ! hgf, laifo M cy{zf:q

tx M pRr dfla

z}lIfs of]Uotf M ;DjlGwt laifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]Q/ tx pQL0f{ u/]sf] .

lsl;d M– pRr dfla cg'bfg,    pd]/ M– !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) ggf3]sf]

k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt tyf cGtjf{tf{

;Dks{ ldlt M @)&#÷!÷# ut]

k/LIff ldlt M ;Dks{ ldltdf hfgsf/L u/fO{g] 5 .

b/vf:t b:t'/ M %)))÷–

cfaZos sfuhftx? M–

– g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk # k|lt,

– z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0f kqx?, # k|lt

– tflnd k|fKt k|df0fkq k|ltlnlk # k|lt

– x:tlnlvt lgj]bg

yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;Dk{s df]=g+= (*!!^#@(&#, (*^%^(@!)% df ;Dk{s ug'{xf]nf

lzIfs cfjZostf ;DalGw ;"rgf

k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M– @)&@÷!@÷!&

8f]6L lhNnf u}/fufpF ufla;df l:yt o; >L b'uf{ dfWoflds laBfno h}zLufpFdf /x]sf] tklzn cg';f/sf] l/Qm lzIfs kbdf v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f c:yfoL kbk'lt{ ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] of]Uotf k'u]sf O{R5's g]kfnL gful/saf6 ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq b/vf:t cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 .

tkl;n

la1fkg g+= )!÷)&@÷)&#, 

!= kb M– lzIfs ,  ;+Vof M–  ! hgf,   tx M k|f=la=

z}lIfs of]Uotf M– sDtLdf k|la0ftf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ u/]sf]÷tflnd k|fKt .

lsl;d M– s/f/,    pd]/ M– !* jif{ k'/f eO{ $) ggf3]sf]

k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt tyf cGtjf{tf{

;Dks{ ldlt M @)&#÷!÷@ ut]

k/LIff ldlt M lhNnf lzIff sfof{no;+u ;dGjo u/L ;Dks{ ldltdf hfgsf/L u/fO{g] 5 .

b/vf:t b:t'/ M !)))÷–

cfaZos sfuhftx? M–

– g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk # k|lt,

– z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0f kqx?, # k|lt

– tflnd k|fKt k|df0fkq k|ltlnlk # k|lt

– x:tlnlvt lgj]bg

gf]6 M Dofb gf3L cfPsf / l/t gk'u]sf b/vf:t pk/ s'g} sf/jfxL x'g] 5}g . pRr of]Uotf ePsf, dlxnf, blnt tyf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ k|fylds lbO{g] 5 .

yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;Dk{s df]=g+= (*$*^$!$*$ df ;Dk{s ug'{xf]nf

jN8{ lehg cGt/fli6«o g]kfn 8f]6L, ;dfg kx'Fr lasf; s]Gb| -l;8_ g]kfn, lhNnf jfn sNof0f ;ldlt / laDa g]kfnL ;fKtflxsåf/f hf/L

afn ;+/If0f zGb];

hf]lvddf k/]sf jfnaflnsfx?

hf]lvd cj:yfdf /x]sf jf sl7g kl/l:yltdf /x]sf afnaflnsf ;dfhdf ;fdflhs ;d:ofx¿af6 kLl8t ePsf JolQmx¿ xg\ . o;y{, hf]lvd cj:yfdf jf sl7g kl/l:yltdf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d:ofsf ¿kdf lng' x'b}g . a? s'g} afns jf aflnsfnfO{ To:tf] kl/l:yltdf afFRg afWo kfg{ ;fdflhs ;d:ofsf sf/sx¿nfO{ bfifL 7flgg' kb{5 / ltgsf] ;Daf]wg ul/g;  kb{5 . of] jf:tljstf xf] ls s'g} klg JolQm jf afnaflnsf cfkm' hf]lvd cj:yfdf jf sl7g kl/l:yltdf afFr' eGg] rfxFb}gg\ . t/ klg sltko afnaflnsf ;dfhdf ljleGg ¿kaf6 kLl8t x'g k'Ub5g\ . s'g} vf; cj:yf jf kl/l:yltdf afFRg afWo ePsf x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f hf]lvd cj:yfdf jf sl7g kl/l:yltdf kg'{ s'g} afns jf aflnsfsf] uNtL xf]Og . g t of] p;sf] :jfefljs 5gf}6 xf] . hf]lvd cj:yf jf sl7g kl/l:yltdf /x]sf afns jf aflnsfsf] klg xfd|f] 3/ kl/jf/df /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] h:tf] ;dfg cfjZostf jf clwsf/ x'G5g\, pgLx¿sf efjgfx¿ x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf klg hLjg / eljiok|lt cfzf clg ck]Iffx¿ x'G5g\ . ;a afnaflnsfnfO{ pgLx¿ h'g;'s} cj:yf jf kl/l:yltdf afFr]sf ePklg afNosfnsf] ;vb\ cg'ej lng] clwsf/ 5 / xfdL jo:sx¿;Fu pgLx¿sf] hLjgsf ;'vb\ ;'?jftsf nflu d2t ug{ / pgLx¿nfO{ ;a} vfnsf e]befj, b'Jo{jxf/, lx+;f / zf]if0faf6 ;+/If0f ug{ pQ/bfloTj /x]sf] x'G5 . ;+/If0fsf] hf]lvdL cj:yfdf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ ljz]if ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . oxfFlg/ s] klg a'‰g' cfjZos 5 eg] h'g;'s} afnaflnsf xf]pmg\, s'g} klg ;do ;+/If0fsf] hf]lvddf kg{ ;Sb5g\ .

;Dk'0f{df xflb{s cg'/f]w

– 8f]6LnfO{ v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Dk"0f{ 8f]6Laf;L    h'6f}+ .

– …8f]6Lsf] klxrfg, k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{ xfd|f] cleofgÚ nfO{ ;kmn    kf/f}+ .

– ;/;kmfO{nfO{ xfdLn] klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fVg'kb{5

– 3/af6 lgisg] kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] lglZrt vf8n agffP/ Joj:yfkg ug]{ u/f}+  .

– ljBfnodfkm{t ;/;kmfO{sf] hgr]tgf ;d'bfodf lj:tf/       ug{'k5{ .

– zf}rfnodf dfq} lbzflkzfj ug{'kb{5 / vfgf vfg' cl3 xft /fd|f];Fu w'g'k5{ eGg] Go"gtd\ 1fg lbg'kb{5

– ;/;kmfO{af6 ljleGg /f]ux?af6 aRg ;lsG5 .

– ;/;kmfO{df cu|;/ x'g] JolQmnfO{ k|f]T;fxgsf] Joj:yf        x'g'kb{5 .

– ;/;kmfO{ cefjdf nfUg] /f]u tyf hf]lvdaf/] ;a}n] cfˆgf] :t/af6 hgr]tgf km}nfpg' kb{5 .

;'=k= If]qLo cg'udg tyf

;'kl/j]If0f sfof{no  /fhk'/, 8f]6L